92:
25:
505:
528:
470:
798:
3571:
896:
2060:
3581:
1887:
809:
melodies have survived to the present day, mainly in manuscripts dating from the 15th century or later, which may present the songs in a form other than the original one. Additionally, it is often rather difficult to interpret the
730:
originals exactly in form, indicating that the German text could have been sung to an originally French tune, which is especially likely where there are significant commonalities of content. Such songs are termed
506:
529:
471:
1064:
945:
1458:
with the largest repertoires, Walther and
Neidhart, are not represented in the standard collections, but have editions devoted solely to their works, such as:
974:
934:
1059:
1517:
For these and some other major MinnesÀnger (e.g. Morungen, Reinmar, Oswald von
Wolkenstein) there are editions with parallel Modern German translation.
439:
1509:
54:
698:, clearly writing in a native German tradition in the third quarter of the 12th century. This is referred to as the Danubian tradition.
746:
By around 1190, the German poets began to break free of Franco-Provençal influence. This period is regarded as the period of
Classical
2204:
1984:
2742:
3234:
2171:
1836:
1761:
1548:
1474:
1389:
2234:
432:
137:
1848:
The Art of the
Minnesinger. Songs of the thirteenth century transcribed and edited with textual and musical commentaries
3076:
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1796:
1697:
1657:
1620:
1817:
1729:
1678:
1570:
1493:
1431:
1409:
1338:
1301:
1291:
1281:
76:
3458:
47:
3443:
3416:
2229:
656:
145:
1488:. Altdeutsche Textbibliothek. Vol. 44. mit einem Melodienanhang von Helmut Lomnitzer (5 ed.). TĂŒbingen.
3438:
425:
3448:
2697:
2754:
2362:
2244:
1919:
1638:
2563:
481:
477:
3611:
2682:
2597:
2197:
1977:
962:
600:
1740:
587:
In the absence of reliable biographical information, there has been debate about the social status of the
476:; "love song") was a tradition of lyric- and song-writing in Germany and Austria that flourished in the
3561:
3426:
2224:
2047:
1891:
1810:
The medieval German lyric, 1150-1300: the development of its themes and forms in their
European context
1034:
763:
648:
263:
133:
95:
3421:
3096:
3091:
2737:
1954:
1114:
37:
1779:
Palmer, Nigel F (1997). "The high and later Middle Ages (1100-1450)". In
Watanabe-O'Kelly, H (ed.).
1125:
1005:
522:
499:
464:
41:
33:
1897:
1692:. The Camden House History of German Literature. Vol. 3. New York, Woodbridge: Camden House.
3574:
2722:
2652:
2190:
2096:
1970:
1913:
1054:
995:
917:
912:
751:
110:
3433:
1148:
3584:
3463:
3269:
2925:
2612:
1153:
1039:
940:
671:
58:
2305:
2022:
1948:
1085:
614:
3525:
2840:
2692:
2548:
2543:
2405:
2123:
2042:
1091:
1016:
786:
755:
631:
were writing and performing for their own social class at court, and should be thought of as
216:
141:
2987:
2617:
1929:
870:
777:, from around 1230, is marked by a partial turning away from the refined ethos of classical
3337:
3332:
3239:
3056:
3043:
2992:
2961:
2910:
2801:
2647:
2462:
2447:
2390:
2340:
2300:
2257:
2149:
1097:
1069:
968:
957:
899:
736:
667:
640:
636:
343:
338:
288:
258:
243:
170:
91:
2707:
2477:
928:
691:
8:
3540:
3535:
3383:
3166:
2956:
2855:
2786:
2662:
2657:
2602:
2518:
2488:
2345:
2335:
2290:
2252:
1131:
1021:
1000:
759:
380:
253:
165:
2627:
2269:
1350:
1309:
3606:
3494:
3484:
3453:
3264:
3244:
3086:
2982:
2930:
2890:
2875:
2791:
2642:
2553:
2325:
1767:
1708:
1528:
1503:
1103:
1074:
544:
484:
began in the 12th century and continued into the 14th. People who wrote and performed
3580:
3366:
3254:
3224:
3184:
3131:
3066:
2977:
2972:
2920:
2880:
2817:
2796:
2702:
2687:
2637:
2498:
2457:
2385:
2295:
2160:
2103:
1832:
1813:
1792:
1771:
1757:
1725:
1693:
1674:
1653:
1634:
1616:
1598:
1566:
1560:
1544:
1489:
1470:
1427:
1405:
1385:
1334:
1297:
1287:
1277:
1080:
789:
introduces characters from lower social classes and often aims for humorous effects.
719:, at its most basic a seven-line strophe with the rhyme scheme AB AB CXC, and an AAB
412:
365:
293:
283:
278:
187:
1286:
Vol II: Editorial
Principles, Melodies, Manuscripts, Notes, 36th edn (Hirzel, 1977)
3378:
3126:
3049:
3002:
2966:
2936:
2915:
2607:
2592:
2351:
2130:
2075:
2037:
1784:
1749:
1421:
1137:
1010:
922:
811:
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and by increasingly elaborate formal developments. The most notable of these later
740:
695:
675:
576:
556:
375:
298:
273:
1788:
1143:
3530:
3354:
3259:
3219:
3155:
3111:
2503:
2482:
2467:
2413:
2320:
2165:
1903:
1719:
1668:
1464:
1172:
880:
875:
766:, regarded both in the Middle Ages and in the present day as the greatest of the
563:
360:
248:
1935:
3489:
3359:
3349:
3229:
3160:
3121:
3101:
3081:
2811:
2781:
2667:
2523:
2493:
2213:
2027:
1993:
865:
720:
701:
From around 1170, German lyric poets came under the influence of the Provençal
355:
303:
118:
1831:. Sammlung Metzler. Vol. 244 (2nd ed.). Stuttgart, Weimar: Metzler.
3600:
3295:
3194:
3061:
3029:
2885:
2806:
2452:
2330:
2313:
2012:
1862:
846:
723:(denoting the repetition of large segments), but capable of many variations.
712:
644:
619:
596:
539:
222:
99:
2632:
1947:
1375:
There are many published selections with Modern German translation, such as
1120:
3520:
3327:
3290:
3249:
3214:
3189:
3174:
2672:
2508:
2283:
980:
572:
370:
333:
323:
1928:
1753:
1648:
Classen, Albrecht (2002). "Courtly Love Lyric". In Gentry, Francis (ed.).
3515:
3510:
3305:
2677:
2622:
2528:
2376:
2089:
2017:
732:
181:
2584:
1912:
1562:
German and
Italian lyrics of the Middle Ages: an anthology and a history
1194:
797:
707:
567:
453:
199:
3106:
2776:
2472:
2438:
2433:
1593:
830:
702:
559:
194:
2400:
2059:
895:
268:
3317:
3179:
2997:
2114:
2082:
853:
were mainly aristocrats, while
MeistersÀnger usually were commoners.
328:
2395:
1739:
Kellner, Beate; Reichlin, Susanne; Rudolph, Alexander, eds. (2021).
1633:. Translated by Dunlap, Thomas. Berkeley: University of California.
1167:
The following love poem, of unknown authorship, is found in a Latin
801:
Melody and text of
Neidhart von Reuental, "Der schwarze dorn" (MS c)
3479:
3399:
3322:
3285:
2768:
2558:
2538:
2513:
2007:
632:
592:
396:
210:
686:
The earliest texts date from perhaps 1150, and the earliest named
3393:
3371:
3342:
3300:
3071:
2727:
2275:
2262:
2182:
2154:
1962:
716:
609:
390:
348:
175:
1650:
A Companion to Middle High German Literature to the 14th Century
1613:
Höfische Kultur: Literatur und Gesellschaft im hohen Mittelalter
3116:
3038:
2533:
1886:
1555:(Selection of songs with English introduction and translation.)
1463:
Lachmann, Karl; Cormeau, Christoph; Bein, Thomas, eds. (2013).
1109:
819:
815:
624:
1934:
1631:
Courtly Culture Literature and Society in the High Middle Ages
1535:(Selection of songs with English introduction and commentary.)
3388:
3312:
1484:
WieĂner, Edmund; Fischer, Hanns; Sappler, Paul, eds. (1999).
1168:
857:
762:
developing new themes and forms, reaching its culmination in
385:
829:
using the original melodies, as well as Rock groups such as
739:'s "Ich denke underwilen" is regarded as a contrafactum of
652:
613:(master), were clearly educated commoners, such as Meister
1783:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 40â91.
1382:
Minnesang. Mittelhochdeutsche Liebeslieder. Eine Auswahl
599:
includes songs by dukes, counts, kings, and the Emperor
1541:
Minnesang - An Anthology of Medieval German Love-Lyrics
1402:
Die mittelhochdeutsche Minnelyrik: Die frĂŒhe Minnelyrik
1738:
1466:
Walther von der Vogelweide. Leich, Lieder, SangsprĂŒche
1521:
Introductory works for an English-speaking readership
1483:
814:
used to write them down. Although the contour of the
845:
developed into and gave way to the tradition of the
1462:
849:. The two traditions are quite different, however;
571:in that they wrote love poetry in the tradition of
1850:. Vol. 2. Cardiff: University of Wales Press.
1328:
1652:. Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill. pp. 117â150.
1329:von Kraus, Carl; Kornrumpf, Gisela, eds. (1978).
666:are also noted for their epic poetry, among them
623:, that is, members of a class of lower nobility,
3598:
1426:. Frankfurt am Main: Deutsche Klassiker Verlag.
1404:. Darmstadt: Wissenschafliche Buchgesellschaft.
1369:Die kleineren Liederdichter des 14. und 15. Jhs.
46:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
1416:(With introduction, translation and commentary)
711:. This is most obvious in the adoption of the
2198:
1978:
1667:Gibbs, Marion; Johnson, Sidney, eds. (2002).
433:
1666:
1215:
639:, for example, was part of the entourage of
2848:
1867:Das höfische Leben zur Zeit der Minnesinger
1331:Deutsche Liederdichter des 13. Jahrhunderts
2205:
2191:
1985:
1971:
1781:The Cambridge History of German Literature
1717:
1508:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
833:performing songs with modern instruments.
822:of the song is frequently hard to fathom.
635:rather than professional hired musicians.
627:of the great lords. Broadly speaking, the
440:
426:
1871:Court life at the time of the Minnesinger
1826:
1690:German Literature of the High Middle Ages
1419:
1399:
1159:
726:A number of songs from this period match
77:Learn how and when to remove this message
894:
796:
90:
2839:
2743:List of Galician-Portuguese troubadours
1861:
1706:
1670:Medieval German Literature: A Companion
1647:
1538:
1348:
1276:Vol. I: Texts, 38th edn (Hirzel, 1988)
3599:
2172:Gospel According to the Mark of Silver
1845:
1778:
1721:The Oxford Guide to Middle High German
1558:
1423:Deutsche Lyrik des spÀten Mittelalters
887:
591:. Some clearly belonged to the higher
16:Middle High German love song tradition
2186:
1966:
1807:
1718:Jones, Howard; Jones, Martin (2019).
1687:
1628:
1610:
1526:
1379:
1296:Vol III: Commentaries (Hirzel, 2000)
836:
521:
498:
463:
1445:(German translation and commentary.)
1324:(after Walther von der Vogelweide):
1307:
825:There are a number of recordings of
18:
2569:Other troubadours and trobairitz...
1812:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1724:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1710:AusgewÀhlte Melodien des Minnesangs
13:
2212:
1992:
1855:
1533:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1333:(2 ed.). TĂŒbingen: Niemeyer.
511:), and a single song was called a
14:
3623:
1879:
1420:Wachinger, Burghart, ed. (2006).
3579:
3570:
3569:
2058:
1937:The New Student's Reference Work
1885:
1400:Schweikle, Gönther, ed. (1977).
1075:Heinrich von Meissen (Frauenlob)
582:
23:
1673:. New York, London: Routledge.
1219:des(sen) sollst du gewiss sein.
647:. As a reward for his service,
617:. It is thought that many were
1920:New International Encyclopedia
1748:. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter.
1314:(3 ed.). Leipzig: Hirzel.
1246:And you must ever be therein!
1225:Verloren ist das SchlĂŒsselein:
1094:(1st half of the 13th century)
1:
2564:William IX, Duke of Aquitaine
1898:1857 edition of Karl Lachmann
1789:10.1017/CHOL9780521434171.003
1615:(11 ed.). MĂŒnchen: dtv.
1469:(15th ed.). De Gruyter.
1380:Klein, Dorothea, ed. (2010).
1308:Vogt, Friedrich, ed. (1920).
1265:(up to Reinmar von Hagenau):
1259:The standard collections are
1171:of the 12th century from the
1025:
818:can usually be made out, the
1539:Edwards, Cyril, ed. (2022).
963:Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor
860:have been written about the
607:, as indicated by the title
7:
2235:List of musical instruments
1827:Schweikle, GĂŒnther (1995).
1587:
1565:. Garden City, NY: Anchor.
1349:Bartsch, Karl, ed. (1886).
1263:12th and early 13th century
1254:
1238:Thereof you may be certain.
1217:Du bist mein, ich bin dein:
792:
547:word for love, as that was
10:
3628:
2048:Walther von der Vogelweide
1955:Collier's New Encyclopedia
1905:The Minnesinger of Germany
1846:Taylor, Ronald J. (1968).
1604:
1559:Goldin, Frederick (1973).
1227:du musst immer darin sein!
1206:dĂ» muost immer drinne sĂźn!
1204:verlorn ist das slĂŒzzelĂźn:
1195:
1035:Walther von der Vogelweide
764:Walther von der Vogelweide
681:
662:Several of the best-known
649:Walther von der Vogelweide
482:medieval German literature
96:Walther von der Vogelweide
3551:
3503:
3472:
3409:
3278:
3207:
3148:
3097:Matheus de Sancto Johanne
3092:Johannes Symonis Hasprois
3027:
3023:
2949:
2903:
2868:
2835:
2766:
2762:
2753:
2738:Galician-Portuguese lyric
2683:Jehan le Cuvelier d'Arras
2598:Andrieu Contredit d'Arras
2583:
2432:
2374:
2370:
2361:
2243:
2220:
2142:
2113:
2067:
2056:
2000:
1688:Hasty, Will, ed. (2006).
1627:Published in English as:
1371:, 4 Vols (Fink 1979-1985)
1352:Die schweizer MinnesÀnger
1236:You are mine, I am yours,
1216:
1196:DĂ» bist mĂźn, ich bin dĂźn:
743:'s "Ma joie premeraine".
478:Middle High German period
3127:Antonio Zacara da Teramo
1269:H. Moser, H. Tervooren,
1126:Ulrich von Liechtenstein
1065:Friedrich von Sonnenburg
1006:Gottfried von Strassburg
946:Engelhardt von Adelnburg
32:This article includes a
2653:Gillebert de Berneville
2230:List of music theorists
2097:In taberna quando sumus
1707:Jammers, Ewald (1963).
1629:Bumke, Joachim (1991).
1611:Bumke, Joachim (2005).
1362:14th and 15th centuries
1311:Des Minnesangs FrĂŒhling
1271:Des Minnesangs FrĂŒhling
1055:Reinmar von Brennenberg
996:Albrecht von Johansdorf
918:Burggraf von Rietenburg
913:Burggraf von Regensburg
805:Only a small number of
752:Albrecht von Johansdorf
454:
61:more precise citations.
2926:Gherardello da Firenze
2613:Le Chastelain de Couci
2406:Philippe le Chancelier
2018:Hugh Primas of Orléans
1530:Poets of the Minnesang
1450:Individual MinnesÀnger
1198:des solt dĂ» gewis sĂźn.
1154:Oswald von Wolkenstein
1040:Wolfram von Eschenbach
941:Meinloh von Sevelingen
903:
802:
672:Wolfram von Eschenbach
551:'s main subject. The
537:The name derives from
103:
3235:Johannes de Garlandia
2549:Raimbaut de Vaqueiras
2043:Heinrich von Morungen
1902:Adolph Ernst Kroeger
1808:Sayce, Olive (1982).
1754:10.1515/9783110351859
1713:. TĂŒbingen: Niemeyer.
1527:Sayce, Olive (1967).
1384:. Stuttgart: Reclam.
1017:Heinrich von Morungen
1013:(1160/1170â1210/1220)
898:
841:In the 15th century,
800:
787:Neidhart von Reuental
756:Heinrich von Morungen
159:Movements and schools
94:
3556:Also music theorist*
3240:Johannes de Grocheio
3057:Conradus de Pistoria
3044:Philippus de Caserta
2993:Philippus de Caserta
2962:Antonello da Caserta
2911:Andreas de Florentia
2802:Guillaume de Machaut
2463:Bernart de Ventadorn
2448:Aimeric de Peguilhan
2391:Albertus Parisiensis
2341:Adam of Saint Victor
2301:Saint Martial school
2258:Notker the Stammerer
2150:Benediktbeuern Abbey
1949:"Minnesingers"
1894:at Wikimedia Commons
1486:Die Lieder Neidharts
1396:(German translation)
1355:. Frauenfeld: Huber.
1221:Du bist verschlossen
1115:SĂŒĂkind von Trimberg
1100:(1177 â before 1245)
1098:Otto von Botenlauben
1070:Gottfried von Neifen
969:Heinrich von Veldeke
958:Friedrich von Hausen
900:Otto von Botenlauben
737:Friedrich von Hausen
668:Heinrich von Veldeke
641:Friedrich Barbarossa
637:Friedrich von Hausen
555:were similar to the
523:[ËmÉȘnÉËliËt]
500:[ËmÉȘnÉËzÉĆÉ]
3612:Musical terminology
3167:Contenance angloise
2957:Bartolino da Padova
2856:Marchetto da Padova
2787:Magister Franciscus
2663:Guillaume le Vinier
2658:Gontier de Soignies
2603:Audefroi le Bastart
2489:Folquet de Marselha
2346:Wulfstan the Cantor
2336:Hildegard of Bingen
2306:Adémar de Chabannes
2291:Fulbert of Chartres
2253:Abbey of Saint Gall
2245:Early (before 1150)
2023:Walter of ChĂątillon
1930:"Minnesinger"
1914:"Minnesinger"
1181:Middle High German
1132:Walther von Klingen
1106:(1200 â after 1247)
1086:Konrad von WĂŒrzburg
1022:Reinmar von Hagenau
1001:Bernger von Horheim
975:Reinmar der Fiedler
952:Early courtly lyric
760:Reinmar von Hagenau
615:Konrad von WĂŒrzburg
595:â the 14th-century
413:Renaissance music â
3495:Neo-Medieval music
3485:Medieval folk rock
3265:Berno of Reichenau
3245:Iacobus de Ispania
3087:Petrus de Goscalch
2988:NiccolĂČ da Perugia
2983:Grazioso da Padova
2931:Lorenzo da Firenze
2891:Vincenzo da Rimini
2876:Giovanni da Cascia
2708:Other trouvĂšres...
2693:Perrin d'Angicourt
2643:Gautier de Dargies
2618:Chrétien de Troyes
2554:Raimon de Miravalh
2544:Raimbaut d'Aurenga
1742:Handbuch Minnesang
1240:You're locked away
1104:Reinmar von Zweter
935:Leuthold von Seven
904:
837:Later developments
803:
545:Middle High German
465:[ËmÉȘnÉzaĆ]
104:
34:list of references
3594:
3593:
3562:Renaissance music
3270:Aurelian of RĂ©ĂŽme
3255:Johannes de Muris
3225:Franco of Cologne
3203:
3202:
3185:Arnold de Lantins
3144:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3067:Johannes Cuvelier
3019:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3011:
3010:
2978:Giovanni Mazzuoli
2973:Matteo da Perugia
2945:
2944:
2921:Francesco Landini
2899:
2898:
2881:Jacopo da Bologna
2864:
2863:
2831:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2818:Philippe de Vitry
2797:Jehan de Lescurel
2718:
2717:
2703:Raoul de Soissons
2648:Gautier d'Espinal
2638:Gautier de Coincy
2579:
2578:
2499:Giraut de Bornelh
2478:CerverĂ de Girona
2458:Arnaut de Mareuil
2428:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2386:Notre-Dame school
2296:Heriger of Lobbes
2225:List of composers
2180:
2179:
2104:Phyllis and Flora
1890:Media related to
1838:978-3-476-12244-5
1763:978-3-11-035181-1
1599:Liederhandschrift
1550:978-3-11-021418-5
1476:978-3-11-017657-5
1391:978-3-15-018781-4
1306:Earlier edition:
1252:
1251:
1223:in meinem Herzen.
1200:dĂ» bist beslozzen
1081:Hugo von Montfort
929:Der von KĂŒrenberg
721:musical structure
692:Der von KĂŒrenberg
480:. This period of
450:
449:
188:Notre-Dame school
87:
86:
79:
3619:
3583:
3573:
3572:
3379:Liturgical drama
3146:
3145:
3053:
3050:Johannes Ciconia
3025:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3003:Zacara da Teramo
2967:Johannes Ciconia
2947:
2946:
2937:Paolo da Firenze
2916:Donato da Cascia
2901:
2900:
2866:
2865:
2846:
2845:
2837:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2821:
2764:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2755:Late (1300â1400)
2698:Philippe de RĂ©mi
2628:Conon de BĂ©thune
2608:Blondel de Nesle
2593:Adam de la Halle
2581:
2580:
2519:Peire d'Alvernha
2430:
2429:
2417:
2372:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2363:High (1150â1300)
2352:Wipo of Burgundy
2317:
2287:
2279:
2270:Stephen of LiĂšge
2207:
2200:
2193:
2184:
2183:
2076:Dum Diane vitrea
2062:
2038:Dietmar von Aist
1987:
1980:
1973:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1951:
1943:
1941:
1932:
1924:
1916:
1889:
1874:
1851:
1842:
1823:
1802:
1775:
1747:
1735:
1714:
1703:
1684:
1663:
1644:
1626:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1554:
1534:
1513:
1507:
1499:
1480:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1415:
1395:
1356:
1344:
1315:
1242:within my heart.
1229:
1228:
1208:
1207:
1202:in mĂźnem herzen.
1178:
1177:
1149:Der von Wissenlo
1138:Johannes Hadlaub
1088:(1220/1230â1287)
1077:(1250/1260â1318)
1030:
1027:
1011:Hartmann von Aue
923:Dietmar von Aist
812:musical notation
741:Guiot de Provins
696:Dietmar von Aist
676:Hartmann von Aue
577:High Middle Ages
533:
532:
531:
525:
520:
510:
509:
508:
502:
497:
475:
474:
473:
467:
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457:
442:
435:
428:
376:Liturgical drama
274:Adam de la Halle
106:
105:
102:, ca. 1300)
82:
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62:
57:this article by
48:inline citations
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3355:Gregorian chant
3274:
3260:Walter Odington
3220:Guido of Arezzo
3199:
3156:Johannes Alanus
3136:
3112:Jacob Senleches
3048:
3007:
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2483:Comtessa de Dia
2468:Bertran de Born
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2414:Petrus de Cruce
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2321:Notker Physicus
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1858:
1856:Further reading
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1244:Lost is the key
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1199:
1197:
1173:Tegernsee Abbey
1165:
1128:(ca. 1200â1275)
1028:
977:(fl. 1182â1217)
971:(fl. 1173â1184)
937:(fl. 1147â1182)
893:
876:Richard Strauss
839:
795:
735:. For example,
705:and the French
684:
655:by the Emperor
585:
527:
526:
518:
504:
503:
495:
469:
468:
460:
446:
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403:
402:
361:Gregorian chant
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38:related reading
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
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3587:
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3559:
3558:
3557:
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3549:
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3545:
3544:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3513:
3507:
3505:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3497:
3492:
3490:Medieval metal
3487:
3482:
3476:
3474:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
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3431:
3430:
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3424:
3413:
3411:
3407:
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3404:
3403:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
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3374:
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3362:
3360:Pope Gregory I
3352:
3347:
3346:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3230:Johannes Cotto
3227:
3222:
3217:
3211:
3209:
3205:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3171:
3170:
3161:John Dunstaple
3158:
3152:
3150:
3142:
3141:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3122:Johannes Susay
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3102:Gacian Reyneau
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3082:Martinus Fabri
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3046:
3041:
3035:
3033:
3017:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2964:
2959:
2953:
2951:
2950:3rd generation
2943:
2942:
2940:
2939:
2934:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2907:
2905:
2904:2nd generation
2897:
2896:
2894:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2872:
2870:
2869:1st generation
2862:
2861:
2859:
2858:
2852:
2850:
2843:
2829:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2814:
2812:Jehan Vaillant
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2782:Denis Le Grant
2779:
2774:
2772:
2757:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2712:
2711:
2710:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2688:Moniot d'Arras
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2668:Guiot de Dijon
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2589:
2587:
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2576:
2574:
2573:
2572:
2571:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2524:Peire Cardenal
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2494:Gaucelm Faidit
2491:
2486:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
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2260:
2249:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2214:Medieval music
2210:
2209:
2202:
2195:
2187:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2174:
2169:
2157:
2152:
2146:
2144:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2124:Carmina Burana
2119:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2079:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2064:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2030:
2028:Peter of Blois
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1997:
1994:Carmina Burana
1990:
1989:
1982:
1975:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1944:
1925:
1909:
1900:
1895:
1881:
1880:External links
1878:
1877:
1876:
1863:Schultz, Alwin
1857:
1854:
1853:
1852:
1843:
1837:
1824:
1818:
1804:
1803:
1798:978-0521785730
1797:
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1736:
1730:
1715:
1704:
1699:978-1571131737
1698:
1685:
1679:
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1659:978-9004120945
1658:
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1622:978-3423301701
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1543:. de Gruyter.
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1184:Modern German
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907:Danubian lyric
892:
886:
866:Richard Wagner
838:
835:
794:
791:
683:
680:
643:, and died on
584:
581:
488:were known as
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42:external links
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3279:Musical forms
3277:
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3062:Baude Cordier
3060:
3058:
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2798:
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2453:Arnaut Daniel
2451:
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2331:Peter Abelard
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2314:Odo of Arezzo
2311:
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2014:
2013:Peter Abelard
2011:
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3526:Architecture
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3350:Geisslerlied
3328:Formes fixes
3250:Notker Labeo
3215:Anonymous IV
3190:Leonel Power
3175:Thomas Fabri
3165:
3028:
2849:Predecessors
2767:
2732:
2673:Jehan Bretel
2509:Jaufre Rudel
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651:was given a
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334:Formes fixes
221:
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140: /
136: /
88:
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64:
53:Please help
45:
3516:Middle Ages
3511:Early music
3473:Derivations
3306:Chansonnier
2678:Jehan Erart
2623:Colin Muset
2529:Peire Vidal
2377:Ars antiqua
2090:Ecce gratum
2033:Minnesinger
1456:MinnesÀnger
1134:(1240â1286)
1029: 1210
890:MinnesÀnger
864:tradition:
851:MinnesÀnger
783:MinnesÀnger
768:MinnesÀnger
733:contrafacta
703:troubadours
688:MinnesÀnger
664:MinnesÀnger
629:MinnesÀnger
605:MinnesÀnger
589:MinnesÀnger
560:troubadours
553:MinnesÀnger
491:MinnesÀnger
317:Major forms
182:Ars antiqua
138:Instruments
59:introducing
3601:Categories
3541:Philosophy
3536:Literature
3504:Background
3410:Traditions
2777:F. Andrieu
2633:Gace Brulé
2473:Castelloza
2439:Trobairitz
2434:Troubadour
2326:St. Godric
2164:(album by
1875:2 volumes.
1640:0520066340
1594:Frauenlied
1144:MuskatblĂŒt
1121:TannhÀuser
1060:Regenbogen
987:Classical
931:(fl. 1143)
925:(fl. 1143)
871:TannhÀuser
831:Ougenweide
773:The later
195:Troubadour
166:Saint Gall
3607:Minnesang
3454:Lithuania
3318:Conductus
3208:Theorists
3180:Roy Henry
3107:Rodericus
2998:Sant Omer
2733:Minnesang
2161:O Fortuna
2131:O Fortuna
2115:Carl Orff
2083:O Fortuna
1892:Minnesang
1829:Minnesang
1772:243658982
1504:cite book
1162:Minnelied
1140:(d. 1340)
1048:Minnesang
989:Minnesang
981:Spervogel
965:(d. 1197)
862:Minnesang
843:Minnesang
827:Minnesang
807:Minnelied
779:Minnesang
775:Minnesang
748:Minnesang
708:trouvĂšres
633:courtiers
568:trouvĂšres
549:Minnesang
514:Minnelied
486:Minnesang
455:Minnesang
329:Conductus
304:Dunstaple
254:Hildegard
205:Minnesang
146:Theorists
134:Composers
3575:Category
3480:Bardcore
3459:Portugal
3427:Scotland
3400:Planctus
3384:Madrigal
3323:Estampie
3286:Antiphon
2841:Trecento
2769:Ars nova
2728:Goliards
2585:TrouvĂšre
2559:Sordello
2539:Perdigon
2514:Marcabru
2008:Archpoet
1865:(1889).
1588:See also
1578:11 April
1454:The two
1439:30 April
1345:. (=KLD)
1255:Editions
1187:English
1092:Neidhart
902:Fountain
888:List of
793:Melodies
728:trouvĂšre
601:Henry VI
593:nobility
397:Planctus
381:Madrigal
217:Trecento
211:Ars nova
200:TrouvĂšre
125:Overview
111:a series
109:Part of
3444:Germany
3422:England
3394:Organum
3372:Tydorel
3343:Virelai
3338:Rondeau
3333:Ballade
3301:Chanson
3077:Egidius
3072:Egardus
2792:Grimace
2723:Casella
2401:PĂ©rotin
2276:Hucbald
2263:Tuotilo
2166:Rhydian
2155:Goliard
2143:Related
2001:Authors
1958:. 1921.
1942:. 1914.
1923:. 1905.
1605:Sources
881:Guntram
717:canzone
715:of the
682:History
645:crusade
625:vassals
610:Meister
603:. Some
575:in the
557:Occitan
519:German:
496:German:
461:German:
391:Organum
349:Virelai
344:Rondeau
339:Ballade
299:Ciconia
294:Landini
289:Machaut
269:PĂ©rotin
264:Walther
259:Bernart
176:Goliard
55:improve
3585:Portal
3531:Poetry
3439:France
3434:Cyprus
3149:Others
3132:Trebor
3117:Solage
3039:Borlet
2534:Peirol
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2396:LĂ©onin
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1046:Later
858:operas
820:rhythm
816:melody
564:French
543:, the
279:Franco
244:Notker
142:Theory
3464:Spain
3449:Italy
3389:Motet
3313:Chant
3296:Carol
3291:Canso
1869:[
1768:S2CID
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1169:codex
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371:Lauda
324:Canso
284:Vitry
249:Guido
40:, or
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