362:
153:
22:
812:, and its extensive freeways, to represent a potential model for Adelaide's future transport provision. However, in concert with changing community attitudes in Australia in the late 1960s, many South Australians were cautious about the MATS proposal for the construction of a large freeway network. Opposition was similar to the
823:
Large-scale property acquisition proved to be one of the most contentious issues, with the very large areas taken up by a number of the proposed freeway interchanges seemingly recommended without any expectation of opposition. The
Noarlunga Freeway alone would have required the acquisition as many as
703:
Locating stations closer to main roads made them more accessible and visible. Railway stations would be supported by feeder bus services thereby increasing their serviceable range. Competing bus services were to be removed. A distance of 3.2 kilometres between railway stations was said to be optimal.
1002:
should be upgraded into a non stop north–south route, but declined a 2007 $ 1bn pre-election funding offer from the then Howard
Federal Government which would have upgraded substantial sections of the road. Instead, construction of an underpass at the intersection of South Road and the Anzac Highway
1007:
to replace South Road; as of March 2020 approximately 24.3 km of the motorway has been completed from
Hindmarsh to Virginia with a 1.8 km link within that length due for completion in 2022. The remaining 10 km through Adelaide's inner west and south-west is currently in the planning
959:
Attitudes towards MATS in the present day are mixed. The then premier Steele Hall still believed abandoning the plan was a severe mistake and has continued to push for the plan to be implemented. Freight transport and motoring lobbies generally favoured the plan heavily and, periodically, refer to
827:
The impact of freeways on the urban landscape also proved to be a considerable source of concern. It was feared freeways would create social problems, with people noting the urban divisions that cities such as Los
Angeles experienced after extensive freeway construction, with the separation of
408:
before leaving the city at Belair Road. Many of
Adelaide's most affluent suburbs would have been broken up. This proved to be the most controversial part of the entire MATS plan. It was dropped from subsequent proposals but served to turn public opinion against the rest of the project.
188:
was estimated to take approximately 30 minutes. The freeway consisted of two sections: the
Noarlunga Freeway and the Salisbury Freeway. The Noarlunga freeway would serve the rapidly growing residential, industrial and recreational to the south connecting to major highways to
352:
was proposed but a report on the
Torrens Road upgrade in 2005 stated grade separation was no longer a priority. A Torrens Road bridge over the Gawler railway line was constructed in 2021–2022 and allowed traffic from 18 June 2022, eliminating the level crossing.
301:
The largest construction project in the plan. The intersection of the Port
Freeway, North-South Freeway and North Adelaide Connector would have required a four-level spaghetti interchange with many flyovers that would have almost engulfed the suburb of
951:'s new Labor government, which cited land sales as the reason. The abandonment had a significant impact on the Highways Department, because it was the first time in its history that a government had rejected the recommendations of the Commissioner.
168:
The North–South
Freeway was one of the most important parts of the plan, allowing travel north and south of Adelaide. The Report on the Metropolitan Area of Adelaide predicted that the city would eventually stretch more than 70 km, from
960:
the rejection of the MATS plan as a lost opportunity. Major road lobby groups as of 2007 continue to call for a north–south freeway in particular with the State
Government joining calls for funding under the Federal Government's
805:
1003:
began in 2007 and was completed in 2009. MATS' proposed North-South Freeway began to see fruition when the South Road Superway became the first in a series of mass construction projects to build the non-stop
1199:
111:
was a thing of the past and private car ownership was increasing. The car was seen as a personal liberator, and many cities around the world were building their urban forms around the needs of private cars.
115:
Adelaide continued to expand rapidly: by 1966 its population had increased by 90% on post-war levels. Experts had been warning of the consequences of unplanned urban sprawl leading to a renewed interest in
735:
lines with a new arrangement of through-stations. This would have eliminated the limitations in service-frequency in railways with a central terminus. After skirting underground to the north of the
208:), then continuing north on a path roughly parallel to South Road then land near the west parkland with off ramps to the CBD, until joining the North Adelaide Connector. An interchange north of the
739:, the subway was to proceed under the central King William Street and serve it with three stations, before returning to the surface just south of Greenhill Road where it is crossed by the current
747:, although options to accommodate four tracks and both services in this section of corridor could have existed. From Glandore, the new railway would have rejoined the existing Noarlunga Line at
987:, which had started early construction at the time of MATS, was completed in 1979 from Crafers to Murray Bridge with the final link from Crafers to Adelaide constructed from 1996 to 2000. The
754:
Apart from the direct public transport benefits, it was said the subway would also lead to increased land values and encourage development at the southern end of the city. The Toronto
1440:
700:
were to be rationalised and some would be relocated to link to main roads. Closure of some stations allowed higher running speeds of trains and reduced running and maintenance costs.
425:
meets Sturt Road) travelling in a north-east direction to meet up with the Hills Freeway at Belair Road. The expressway was scrapped from subsequent proposals with the Hills Freeway.
824:
3,000 properties, including 817 residential dwellings. The Hills Freeway would have seen the demolition of significant areas in the historic suburbs of inner south-eastern Adelaide.
1161:
McIntosh, James; Trubka, Roman; Kenworthy, Jeff; Newman, Newman (2014). "The role of urban form and transit in city car dependence: Analysis of 26 global cities from 1960 to 2000".
326:
This was to connect the western and eastern sides of the city starting from the Hindmarsh Interchange and connecting to the Modbury Freeway. It would have been constructed through
348:
The Hawker Street tram bridge over the Gawler railway line was demolished in the 1970s due to lack of maintenance and safety concerns. An overpass over the Gawler railway line at
796:
It was predicted that overall public transport usage would fall to below 5% by around the year 2000, and proceeding with the recommended changes would maintain the number at 7%.
231:. The Noarlunga Freeway was proposed to be eight lanes, cost $ 34 million in land acquisition, $ 58 million in construction and carry 93,000 cars on an average weekday by 1986.
460:
service along the freeway giving a similar service to the current O-Bahn was proposed. The freeway would have required the relocation of the River Torrens in various sections.
727:
The most significant proposed public transport project was an underground railway beneath the city to bring rail to the core of the CBD. It was to link the main north–south
889:
was developed over the optimal portal location for the proposed King William Street subway. Dunstan resisted urban sprawl, but initiated the ill-fated concept of the
1206:
696:
The existing rail system was to be turned into a rapid rail network which would be aimed at providing efficient long distance, high speed suburban transport. Many
785:
and its replacement with the Glenelg Expressway. The report stated that significant investment would be required to integrate the tram line with the proposed new
1455:
1225:
983:
was constructed partly following the southern section of the proposed Noarlunga Freeway; it remained viable to construct as much land remained undeveloped. The
905:
680:
There were various changes to public transport proposed. While the report stated that it was important in directing and shaping urban growth and improving the
219:
The Salisbury Freeway was the six-lane continuation of the Noarlunga Freeway starting at the Hindmarsh Interchange then roughly followed the west of the
1322:
878:
135:
announced the commencement of a comprehensive infrastructure planning study for the future of Adelaide's transport needs. This report, titled the
87:
The estimated cost of land acquisition and construction was $ 436.5 million in 1968, which equates to approximately $ 4,580 million in 2010 with
979:
Some roads constructed since MATS are reminiscent of the original proposed freeways in MATS due to Adelaide's inherent transport pressures. The
139:, was released in August 1968 together with an announcement that six months would be allowed for public comment before commencement of work.
920:
changed, the construction of most MATS-proposed freeways would be impossible. However, debate continued on a North-South Freeway to replace
91:. Very few of the plan's recommendations were ultimately brought to fruition in their original form due to political and public opposition.
1250:
1022:
971:. Others believe varying degrees of the plan were too ruthless towards the environment and would have ruined the character of Adelaide.
1465:
793:
along existing roads. Based on those assumptions, it recommended that the continued operation of the tram would not be cost-effective.
277:
but was still criticised for blocking communications across Port Road. Following Port Road, Commercial Road was to continue over a new
991:
was opened in 2005 and partially follows the original Dry Creek Expressway proposed by MATS but does not extend eastwards to Modbury.
314:
were used to good effect by opponents of MATS. There were four different designs proposed including one that was to be sited in the
127:
The Report of Metropolitan Adelaide was released in 1962 and featured proposals for the construction of freeways. In 1964 the state
925:
967:
Public transport activists criticised the plan due to its limited benefits for public transport and the potential effects on
897:. Dunstan attempted to construct a light rail line in the north-east along the Modbury corridor. That was not built, and the
273:
to the Adelaide city centre. It was to go from the Hindmarsh Interchange to the Old Port Road intersection. It would feature
1475:
845:
1059:
684:, only 14 kilometres of new railway was proposed compared to 131 kilometres of freeway. The only remaining part of the
1133:
1421:
The Relationship Between a Transport Link and Land Use Development between Adelaide and Port Adelaide South Australia
1222:
185:
743:. The envisioned closure of the latter would have allowed its corridor to be used by the new railway instead, until
1071:
441:
was later constructed in this corridor instead). At approximately 1 km from the O-Bahn's current terminus in
1485:
980:
751:
via an approximately 1,200m-long new railway corridor running parallel to South Road and about 200m to its west.
716:
274:
205:
174:
1363:
333:
Arterial road projects have since taken place in the area, particularly on roads lining the parklands including
813:
190:
916:, committed his government to selling off the land acquired for the MATS plan, ensuring that even if needs or
37:" as it became known, was a comprehensive transport plan released in 1968 proposing a number of road and rail
712:
473:
450:
385:
366:
81:
1350:
1338:
885:
was elected and shelved MATS, but did not go as far as selling the corridors already acquired. However, the
249:
forming a north–south freeway present a comparable example to the proposed North-South Freeway in Adelaide.
1460:
862:
748:
401:
1319:
1470:
947:
In June 1983, the North-South Corridor, the last surviving element of MATS, was abandoned in totality by
941:
418:
194:
848:
as premier approved the MATS Plan excluding some proposals which were to be further reviewed including:
1490:
937:
841:
397:
389:
303:
228:
224:
181:
170:
128:
936:
as a short-term solution, while retaining the key central portion of the North-South Corridor between
1140:
866:
744:
342:
1004:
890:
886:
759:
736:
442:
405:
393:
384:, leaving the winding old road down to the plains) and the CBD. It would have cut a swathe through
381:
1104:"Urban rail infrastructure – the path from comprehensive transport plans to the recent experience"
484:. However it has not been extended eastward, the original corridor now utilised as Montague Road.
1480:
446:
286:
832:. It was felt that the same would happen in Adelaide if the proposed freeways were constructed.
769:
The subway was estimated to cost $ 32 million. Construction costs were to be reduced by using a
472:, this would have been an east–west connector running roughly parallel to and slightly north of
929:
349:
334:
1037:
1032:
1017:
988:
984:
708:
481:
377:
370:
337:, Fitzroy Terrace and Park Road. Overpasses were constructed to carry Park Terrace over the
1405:
De Leuw. Cather & Company. Rankine & Hill Alan M. Voorhees & Associates, 1968,
1170:
1027:
928:, abandoned the idea of a high-speed freeway and instead began widening South Road between
921:
732:
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8:
1047:
933:
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728:
338:
262:
220:
57:
1174:
1377:
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327:
315:
307:
132:
1414:
the Metropolitan Adelaide Transportation Study and the Future Development of Adelaide
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69:
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238:
73:
1326:
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242:
234:
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would connect it to the proposed Glenelg Expressway that would have replaced the
157:
46:
237:
comparably carries approximately 46,000 cars on an average weekday in 2007. The
917:
773:
construction technique involving the temporary removal of King William Street.
117:
1182:
152:
21:
1449:
898:
817:
786:
770:
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469:
438:
434:
290:
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209:
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was amended to require a coordinated plan for the city's future development.
77:
61:
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1130:
968:
913:
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258:
104:
1263:
Scrafton, D (1982). "Managing Transport Integration in South Australia".
948:
882:
809:
457:
311:
1296:"Adelaide's Freeways: A History from MATS to the Port River Expressway"
1205:(Report). Adelaide: Government of South Australia. 1962. Archived from
1042:
999:
688:, the Glenelg tram, was also to be removed in favour of an expressway.
433:
Starting at the North Adelaide Connector, this would have followed the
422:
282:
201:
65:
858:
Selections of the Modbury, Noarlunga Freeways and Dry Creek Expressway
108:
100:
88:
64:
roads. It also featured new arterial roads and a new bridge over the
38:
762:
and much of the Adelaide rail yards would have become available for
330:
and travel partially underground to reduce the loss of open space.
103:, there was a strong movement towards private car travel following
53:
42:
961:
829:
278:
200:
Starting at Old Noarlunga, it was to follow a path adjacent to
76:
and 14 kilometres (8.7 miles) of new railway line, including a
52:
It recommended the construction of 98 kilometres (61 miles) of
1160:
893:
satellite city, as well as investigating new technologies in
266:
246:
161:
476:
and terminating at the Modbury Freeway. The section west of
445:, it would have then turned further north along what is now
1320:
Eric Franklin, The Advertiser: Labour Will Revise MATS Plan
60:
and the widening of 386 kilometres (240 miles) of existing
1412:
The University of Adelaide Department of Adult Education,
1194:
1192:
758:
subway was used as an example. Furthermore, the heritage
68:. For public transport, it proposed the closure of the
1189:
376:
This was proposed to be a connection between the new
1430:, Libraries Board of South Australia, Adelaide, 1974
1441:
Atlas of South Australia – The course of settlement
417:A proposed link between the North-South Freeway at
265:that had been left in earlier years for a possible
204:(this has since been completed and is known as the
16:
Abandoned transport scheme for the city of Adelaide
257:This was to be a freeway constructed in the wide
137:Metropolitan Adelaide Transportation Study (MATS)
1447:
828:neighbourhoods leading to the creation of urban
806:Report on the Metropolitan Area of Adelaide 1962
1339:The Advertiser: Adelaide Nations Traffic Basket
1097:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1456:Proposed transport infrastructure in Australia
954:
722:
1084:
56:, 34 kilometres (21 miles) 34 kilometres of
1428:Adelaide Road Passenger Transport 1836–1958
1265:Australian Journal of Public Administration
1200:Report on the Metropolitan Area of Adelaide
675:
321:
25:Transport corridors recommended by the MATS
1407:Metropolitan Adelaide Transport Study 1968
1290:
1288:
1286:
799:
781:The report recommended the closure of the
318:, reducing the need for land acquisition.
1262:
360:
296:
151:
20:
1283:
463:
412:
142:
1448:
1101:
924:. In 1982, the Minister for Transport
855:Foothills Expressway and Hills Freeway
147:
41:projects for the metropolitan area of
1378:"River Torrens to Darlington Project"
1111:Australasian Transport Research Forum
31:Metropolitan Adelaide Transport Study
1008:stages, due for completion in 2032.
808:had contained images of the city of
840:In 1969 the State Cabinet with the
13:
1277:10.1111/j.1467-8500.1982.tb00938.x
1060:1969 Melbourne Transportation Plan
852:Closure of the Grange Railway line
428:
14:
1502:
1466:Freeways and highways in Adelaide
1434:
1251:Torrens Road Upgrade Final Report
835:
711:, which then only went as far as
1072:Hobart Area Transportation Study
908:won government on a platform of
480:has been completed since as the
356:
1399:
1370:
1356:
1344:
1332:
1313:
421:(approximately the point where
252:
1426:J.C. Radcliff. C.J.M. Steele,
1256:
1244:
1235:
1216:
1163:Transportation Research Part D
1154:
1145:
1124:
1102:Norley, Kim (September 2011).
974:
872:
814:freeway and expressway revolts
380:(then under construction from
1:
1223:Transport SA: Traffic Volumes
1077:
596:Estimated cars weekday, 1986
306:. Pictures of similar sized
7:
1476:Politics of South Australia
1351:$ 2 billion super road link
1011:
955:Post-abandonment assessment
177:in the south by the 1980s.
10:
1507:
842:Liberal and Country League
723:King William Street subway
129:Liberal and Country League
94:
1341:accessed 22 February 2008
1253:accessed 1 February 2008
1232:accessed 21 November 2007
1183:10.1016/j.trd.2014.08.013
1141:Reserve Bank of Australia
1136:22 September 2008 at the
1023:State Transport Authority
901:was constructed instead.
787:rapid transit rail system
501:North Adelaide Connector
343:Outer Harbor railway line
107:in South Australia. Fuel
887:Adelaide Festival Centre
760:Adelaide railway station
737:Adelaide railway station
715:, was to be extended to
691:
676:Public transport changes
322:North Adelaide Connector
1228:7 November 2007 at the
861:Rerouting railway from
800:Reaction and opposition
776:
518:Cost, land acquisition
1486:1968 in Australian law
766:property development.
498:Hindmarsh Interchange
373:
165:
26:
1353:accessed 17 July 2007
1038:South Eastern Freeway
1033:Freeways in Australia
1018:Transport in Adelaide
996:Rann Labor government
989:Port River Expressway
985:South Eastern Freeway
686:Adelaide tram network
482:Port River Expressway
378:South Eastern Freeway
371:South Eastern Freeway
364:
297:Hindmarsh Interchange
275:pedestrian overpasses
155:
99:Like other states of
24:
1325:5 April 2011 at the
1131:Inflation calculator
1028:Railways in Adelaide
1005:North–South Motorway
899:O-Bahn guided busway
682:Adelaide city centre
464:Dry Creek Expressway
413:Foothills Expressway
289:making a continuous
143:Recommended freeways
1461:History of Adelaide
1241:Thomas Wilson, p117
1175:2014TRPD...33...95M
1048:History of Adelaide
998:stated it believed
981:Southern Expressway
910:fiscal conservatism
816:experienced in the
709:Noarlunga rail line
622:Length, kilometres
544:Cost, construction
489:
474:Grand Junction Road
369:Interchange on the
339:Gawler railway line
221:Gawler railway line
206:Southern Expressway
164:, Western Australia
148:North–South Freeway
82:King William Street
1471:Government reports
844:as government and
507:Salisbury Freeway
495:Noarlunga Freeway
487:
374:
166:
27:
1491:1968 in Australia
912:and the premier,
881:government under
791:grade separations
789:and to construct
783:Glenelg tram line
741:Glenelg tram line
673:
672:
214:Glenelg tram line
122:Town Planning Act
74:grade separations
70:Glenelg tram line
1498:
1416:, 1968, Adelaide
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1214:
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1212:on 4 March 2016.
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895:public transport
698:railway stations
513:Modbury Freeway
490:
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341:in 1990 and the
173:in the north to
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1151:Radcliff p. 126
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158:Kwinana Freeway
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11:
5:
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1481:1968 documents
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904:In 1979, the
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470:Port Adelaide
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444:
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439:O-Bahn Busway
436:
435:River Torrens
426:
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291:arterial road
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271:Port Adelaide
269:leading from
268:
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227:and north to
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1400:Bibliography
1385:. Retrieved
1381:
1372:
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1329:, 6 May 1970
1315:
1303:. Retrieved
1299:
1268:
1264:
1258:
1246:
1237:
1218:
1207:the original
1166:
1162:
1156:
1147:
1126:
1114:. Retrieved
1110:
1065:
1064:
1053:
1052:
993:
978:
969:urban sprawl
966:
958:
946:
930:Torrens Road
914:David Tonkin
903:
876:
839:
826:
822:
803:
795:
780:
768:
756:Yonge Street
753:
726:
713:Hallett Cove
706:
702:
695:
679:
570:Cost, total
468:Starting at
467:
455:
451:Golden Grove
432:
416:
386:College Park
375:
367:Mount Osmond
350:Torrens Road
347:
335:Park Terrace
332:
325:
308:interchanges
300:
259:median strip
256:
253:Port Freeway
245:Freeways in
233:
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180:Travel from
179:
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136:
126:
121:
114:
105:World War II
98:
86:
51:
34:
30:
28:
18:
1387:20 February
975:Present-day
949:John Bannon
883:Don Dunstan
873:Abandonment
863:Edwardstown
846:Steele Hall
810:Los Angeles
749:Edwardstown
591:49,900,000
588:52,000,000
585:23,800,000
582:15,200,000
579:17,200,000
576:29,700,000
573:92,000,000
565:42,500,000
562:32,000,000
559:14,000,000
556:15,100,000
553:11,500,000
550:13,000,000
547:58,000,000
536:20,000,000
524:16,700,000
521:34,000,000
488:Attributes
458:express bus
402:Myrtle Bank
312:Los Angeles
1450:Categories
1423:, Adelaide
1409:, Adelaide
1305:19 October
1169:: 95–110.
1116:30 October
1078:References
1054:Melbourne:
1043:South Road
1000:South Road
942:Darlington
922:South Road
539:7,400,000
533:9,800,000
527:5,700,000
423:South Road
419:Darlington
283:Port River
195:Yankalilla
72:, 20 rail
66:Port River
58:expressway
1364:"Welcome"
964:Program.
938:Dry Creek
934:Daws Road
733:Noarlunga
398:Rose Park
390:St Peters
345:in 2017.
316:parklands
304:Hindmarsh
281:over the
263:Port Road
229:Edinburgh
225:Wingfield
186:Noarlunga
182:Salisbury
171:Elizabeth
109:rationing
101:Australia
89:inflation
39:transport
35:MATS Plan
1323:Archived
1226:Archived
1134:Archived
1012:See also
867:Goodwood
745:Glandore
530:100,000
449:through
328:parkland
239:Mitchell
223:through
131:Premier
118:planning
62:arterial
54:freeways
43:Adelaide
1300:OZROADS
1171:Bibcode
1066:Hobart:
962:AusLink
891:Monarto
830:ghettos
617:79,000
614:58,500
611:62,000
608:68,000
605:62,000
599:93,000
443:Modbury
406:Urrbrae
394:Norwood
382:Crafers
243:Kwinana
95:History
729:Gawler
648:Lanes
279:bridge
80:under
78:subway
33:, or "
1210:(PDF)
1203:(PDF)
1107:(PDF)
879:Labor
692:Train
643:21.2
637:12.7
625:34.4
437:(the
267:canal
247:Perth
162:Perth
1389:2023
1307:2009
1118:2016
994:The
940:and
932:and
804:The
777:Tram
731:and
707:The
654:N/A
640:2.9
634:3.3
631:3.2
628:2.6
602:N/A
404:and
365:The
241:and
193:and
156:The
29:The
1273:doi
1179:doi
865:to
456:An
310:in
261:of
184:to
160:in
1452::
1380:.
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1285:^
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1191:^
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1167:33
1165:.
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49:.
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1275::
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1181::
1173::
1120:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
