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remaining estates were "compounded or sequestered by
Parliament because of their religion" in 1644. In 1688, a mob attacked Richard's heir, Robert, for treasonously abetting "Romish Priests and Jesuits", and he fled to France, where he died in 1695, although his children later gained possession of some of his property and in 1715 paid fines as Catholics. French at pp. 33-34. French also states that his sisters Elizabeth and Eleanor (who took the name Helen) Brent joined Catherine (who served as abbess from 1641-45 and 1677-81) in the Low Countries by 1633. Elizabeth Brent and other Cambrai nuns established the English Convent of Our Lady of Good Hope in Paris in 1652. The only sister who definitely married and had children, Jane Brent Cassie, died in France about 1680. French disagrees with those who assert the youngest sister Anne Brent married Leonard Calvert, since his children were born ten years previously. French at p. 45. Another relative, daughter of Robert and Mary Wharton Brent, Mother Mary Margaret Brent (1731–1784) became a nun in 1778 and Prioress of the English Carmelite convent at Antwerp. Shortly after her death, four nuns (3 from Charles County Maryland) came from Europe to Port Tobacco, Maryland (part of Margaret Brent's estate in 1640) and established their religious order in America. French at pp. 83-84.
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as Lord
Baltimore's attorney.) Margaret stated in her request to the Maryland General Assembly, "I've come to seek a voice in this assembly. And yet because I am a woman, forsooth I must stand idly by and not even have a voice in the framing of your laws." Governor Thomas Greene refused her request, as the assembly at the time considered such privileges for women to be reserved for queens. Brent left but said that she "Protested against all proceedings ... unless she may be present and have vote as aforesaid."
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owner. She obtained the first recorded land grant in St. Mary's, a 70.5-acre (285,000 m) patent, with which she and her sister Mary established the "Sisters' Freehold", and an adjacent 50 acres (200,000 m) titled St. Andrew's. The Brent sisters had land entitlement letters from
Maryland's Proprietary Governor, awarding them land portions equal in size to those of arrivals in Maryland in 1634. Their initial
95:, Governor of the Maryland Colony, appointed her as the executrix of his estate in 1647, at a time of political turmoil and risk to the future of the settlement. She helped ensure soldiers were paid and given food to keep their loyalty to the colony, thereby very likely having saved the colony from violent mutiny, although her actions were taken negatively by the absentee colonial proprietor in England,
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disagreement among historians on this matter. English law would not permit the sale of such possessions without a court order or a special act of the legislature. But
Calvert's lands and buildings were added into the inventory of his estate. Brent and then Governor William Stone also disagreed upon the act of a sale of a 100-acre (0.4 km) land tract entitled "The Governor's Field".
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leave. While the assembly had refused to give
Margaret Brent a vote, it defended her stewardship of Lord Baltimore's estate, writing to him on April 21, 1649, that it "was better for the Colony's safety at that time in her hands than in any man's ... for the soldiers would never have treated any others with that civility and respect ...".
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From
England, Lord Baltimore wrote to the assembly objecting to the sale of any of his property after the death of his brother. He may have been suspicious of Brent's motives in managing his assets, or not realized that the colony had been in danger of extinction, had the mercenaries not been paid to
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That same day, Brent called for corn to be brought from
Virginia to feed the hungry troops camped at St. Mary's. Some accounts suggest that she had spent all of Leonard Calvert's personal estate by this time, and proceeded to sell Lord Baltimore's cattle to pay the soldiers' wages, although there is
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In the colony, the Brents secured large land grants and corresponding political offices due to their prestigious ancestry and/or political affiliations. Fulke Brent returned to
England, but the other three stayed on in Maryland. On October 4, 1639, Margaret Brent became the first Maryland female land
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Daniel M. French, Brent Family: the
Carroll Families of Colonial Maryland (Alexandria, Va 1981) pp. 29-31 states that Brent sold Admington to Fulke, Lord Brooke circa 1625, and after his four children emigrated to Maryland in 1637-38 (and seven more relatives emigrated to Virginia), about 2/3 of the
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In 2010, Virginia erected a historical highway marker (about a mile south of the 1998 religious markers) noting
Margaret Brent's role as guardian for Mary Kittamaquund, who was a Native American princess of the Yaocomico (Southern Maryland) branch of the Piscataway Indian Nation. She had moved with
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In 1658 Mary Brent died, leaving her entire estate of 1000 acres (4 km) to her sister. In 1663 Margaret Brent wrote her will. In 1670 she assigned one half of her 2,000 acres (8 km) in Maryland to her nephew, James Clifton. Most of the remainder went to her brother Giles and his children.
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Thus, as Lord Baltimore's representative (as well as Calvert's executrix and a landowner in her own right), on January 21, 1648, Brent attended the provincial assembly, where she requested a voice in the council, as well as two votes in its proceedings (one as an independent landowner and the other
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for the five men and four women servants she had brought with her, and additional headrights for indentured servants she later imported (some of whose indentures she sold to other colonists). The colony's Proprietor issued headrights to encourage the gentry and sea captains to transport workers for
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Lord Baltimore had always managed his proprietorship from England, where he worked to keep political support for the colony, as well as to prove his loyalty (as a Catholic) to the new government of Protestants. He had appointed his brother as governor and to manage his lands. During the emergency
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of property, while notable in its exceptional energy, was consistent on paper with English law. However, in the rough, male-dominated world of the colonies, her stance for her rights and her independence was unusual in actual practice and it would have been fairly uncommon back in England in that
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and Lark Stoke, Richard Brent, and his wife Elizabeth Reed (daughter of Edward Reed, Lord of Tusburie and Witten). Although Richard Brent served as the local sheriff, and the family was at least nominally part of the Church of England, their religion and political loyalty became suspect when one
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Neither she nor her sister Mary ever married; they were among the very few unmarried English women of the time in the Chesapeake colony, when men outnumbered women there by 6:1 (but most were lower class indentured workers). Historian Lois Greene Carr believes the two sisters had taken vows of
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in the nearby colony of Virginia for help against the raiders. The raiders were repulsed. However, the colony had been reduced to about 100 residents, and Calvert fell sick and died before paying the mercenaries. The dying man reportedly told his sister-in-law Margaret Brent, whom he named his
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after Calvert's death, the Provincial Court on January 3, 1648 appointed Brent attorney-in-fact for Lord Baltimore, as there was no time to contact him about financial matters, and he had not appointed a successor to Calvert. She collected his rents and paid his debts.
208:. The colonists promised to educate the young girl in English language and culture. In 1644, Giles Brent married Mary Kittamaquund. Upon her father's death, he asserted his rights to tribal lands, contrary to both tribal custom and Governor Calvert's own claims.
359:. The museum at the former site of Maryland's colonial capital features her in exhibits and explains that she did not advocate for all women's rights, only her own right to execute Lord Baltimore's estate as he intended. The St. John's site
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In 1998, Virginia erected a historical highway marker commemorating Margaret, Giles and her sister Mary Brent for constructing the first Roman Catholic Settlement in Virginia, along historic Route 1 near the former Brent family
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Margaret Brent continues to be cited by some scholars as a historical feminist figure, and alternately (and more commonly now) as instead a notable woman in American history who forwarded women's rights implicitly, rather than
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on November 22, 1638, where they hoped to improve their fortunes. In England the father's estate went to the eldest son, and the remainder of the children had to make their own ways. Margaret Brent was about 37 and unmarried.
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museum, located above the exposed foundations of the house where Brent appealed to the Assembly, includes an exhibit devoted to her life. The Historic St. Mary's City grounds also include a garden dedicated in memory of
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labor in the growing colony. However, records concerning her trading or exercise of the headrights are missing, whether because lost or nonexistent, given the colony's instability. Brent became an ally of the governor,
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W.B. Chilton, The Brent Family, in Genealogies of Virginia Families: From the Virginia Magazine of History and Biography (Baltimore, Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc. 1981) Vol. 1, pp. 272-273.
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568:, Winifred G. Helms, PhD, Editor, Margaret W. Mason, section author, Tidewater Publishers, Cambridge Maryland, 1977, page 5, republished online by the Maryland State Archives: Online manual.
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284:. No records exist of her practice as an attorney in Virginia, but records do exist of her sagacious land investments, including in what during the following century became Old Town
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executrix, "Take all, spend all." Brent liquidated his estate to pay the soldiers who had saved the colony, which later caused a controversy with the governor's surviving brother,
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in 1650. The two sisters, Margaret and Mary Brent, also bought Virginia land starting in 1647, and they moved by 1650. They lived on a plantation called "Peace" in what was then
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228:. Ingall took Acting Governor Giles Brent (who had briefly imprisoned him for high treason the previous year), and both Jesuit priests as prisoners back to England. Governor
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131:, England, Margaret Brent and her siblings were all adults when they emigrated from England. She was one of six daughters (of a total of thirteen children) of the Lord of
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recognizing and celebrating the accomplishments of women lawyers who have excelled in their field and have paved the way to success for other women lawyers.
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and emigrated to Belgium. Under the religious name Christina, she ultimately became abbess of the English convent of Our Lady of Consolation in
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Exact dates of Margaret Brent's birth and death are not known, in part because Brent family estates were burned by British raiders in the
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commemorating Mistress Margaret Brent's fight for women's rights, as well as her ownership of the land which became Alexandria, Virginia.
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by some in modern times in advancing rights of women under the laws, her insistent advocacy of her legal prerogatives as an unmarried
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339:. The remaining gravestones were documented by a WPA historian, and the property acquired and preserved by a local church.
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was enlarged to 800 acres (3.2 km) per sister. Later, Giles Brent transferred a 1,000-acre (4 km) land tract on
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Given Lord Baltimore's (and Governor Stone's) hostility to the Brent family, Giles and his young wife Mary moved to
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Brent appeared at the assembly a final time as Lord Baltimore's attorney, on February 9, 1648 in a case against
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Encyclopedia of Women in American History, Volume 1, Colonization, Revolution, and the New Nation, 1585-1820
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on May 19, 1671. In 1687, King James II granted 30,000 acres of land in Stafford County to her great-nephew
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to Margaret as payment of a debt he owed his sister, although he may have continued to manage it himself.
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Meanwhile, by the mid-1640s, the English Civil War spilled over to Maryland. Protestant sea captain
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Monochrome painting of Margaret Brent speaking to the Maryland Assembly in colonial St. Mary's City.
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Bruce E. Steiner, "The Catholic Brents of Colonial Virginia: An Instance of Practical Toleration,"
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the Brents to Virginia when they were forced from the Maryland colony by the second Lord Baltimore.
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Margaret Brent is today seen as a "founding mother" of Maryland, alongside its "Founding Fathers".
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raided the colony and burned down structures in early 1645. Ingle was an ally of Virginia trader
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Love, the Driving Force: Mary Ward's Spirituality, Its Significance for Moral Theology,
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In 1991, the Margaret Brent Women Lawyers of Achievement Award was established by the
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who disputed Catholic Giles Brent's establishment of a rival trading post on
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in 2000. In 1985 she was one of the first group of women inducted into the
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Several public schools in the state of Maryland are named for her, such as
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566:"Notable Maryland Women: Margaret Brent, Lawyer, Landholder, Entrepreneur"
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960:"Previous Margaret Brent Women Lawyers of Achievement Award Recipients"
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Third Edition, Worth Publishers Inc., 1997, accessed 8 October 2011
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106:, Brent ranks among the most prominent female figures in early
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Margaret Brent was named a member of the inaugural class of
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and Fulke Brent sailed together from England and arrived at
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The Brent Family, The Carroll Families of Colonial Maryland
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List of first women lawyers and judges in the United States
71:(c. 1601 – c. 1671), was an English immigrant to the
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Island in the Potomac River in 1649, then to Virginia's
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Milwaukee, Wisconsin: Marquette University Press, 1997
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Biographical Cyclopedia of American Women, Volume I
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189:. Together they became guardians of seven-year-old
136:daughter (Catherine) proclaimed her return to the
386:In 1978, Virginia erected a historical marker in
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1131:, New York: Halvord Publishing Co., Inc., 1924.
1070:"Margaret Brent, Maryland Women's Hall of Fame"
1006:. The Historical Marker Database. 19 April 2011
678:Waisman, Charlotte S.; Jill S. Tietjen (2008).
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316:, Virginia in 1671. Her will was admitted into
4066:History of women's rights in the United States
212:English Civil War comes to the Maryland colony
4051:English emigrants to pre-Confederation Canada
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982:"First Roman Catholic Settlement in Virginia"
719:. Armonk, NY: Sharpe Reference. p. 57.
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605:Virginia Magazine of History and Biography
420:In 2004, Stafford County, Virginia opened
312:She died at "Peace", in the newly created
296:. Margaret Brent also held festive annual
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83:colonies to appear before a court of the
79:. She was the first woman in the English
1110:, Richmond: Catholic Women's Club, 1925.
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907:"Margaret Brent: a Md. founding mother"
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375:. A street on the campus is also named
180:Margaret Brent also received credit or
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4091:17th-century English women landowners
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921:"Margaret Brent: A Woman of Property"
744:"Margaret Brent: A Woman of Property"
398:Commission on Women in the Profession
3048:Annabelle Ravenscroft Gibson Jenkins
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3242:Mary Alice Franklin Hatwood Futrell
3201:Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan
822:"Mistress Margaret Brent, Spinster"
648:"Margaret Brent -- A Brief History"
646:Lois Green Carr (7 February 2002).
495:List of women in the Heritage Floor
267:
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1598:Euphemia Mary Goldsborough Willson
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355:Margaret Brent is memorialized at
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4056:American women's rights activists
3566:Elizabeth Ambler Brent Carrington
292:, as well as George Washington's
4106:17th-century American landowners
3946:Elizabeth Dabney Langhorne Lewis
3688:Elizabeth Bray Allen Smith Stith
3489:Elizabeth Henry Campbell Russell
1122:Dictionary of American Biography
984:. The Historical Marker Database
873:. Virginia Places. 24 March 2002
779:. The Historical Marker Database
607:70 (1962), 392-393 and note 21.)
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422:Margaret Brent Elementary School
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500:List of American women's firsts
3288:Providencia Velazquez Gonzalez
1127:Cameron, Mabel Ward, compiler
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820:Spruill, Julia Cherry (1934).
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381:DeSousa-Brent Scholars Program
369:St. Mary's College of Maryland
75:, settled in its new capitol,
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4071:17th-century American lawyers
4061:People from colonial Maryland
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3846:Temperance Flowerdew Yeardley
3714:Mary Elizabeth Nottingham Day
3607:Mary Berkeley Minor Blackford
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1166:Maryland Women's Hall of Fame
847:"Brent Cemetery Callie Freed"
799:"Brent, Margaret (1601-1671)"
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433:Maryland Women's Hall of Fame
282:Westmoreland County, Virginia
3841:Mary Aydelotte Rice Marshall
3186:John-Geline MacDonald Bowman
1485:Margaret Collins Schweinhaut
1272:Frances Ellen Watkins Harper
829:Maryland Historical Magazine
510:
414:Margaret Brent Middle School
383:, partly named in her honor.
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4081:St. Mary's County, Maryland
4046:People from Gloucestershire
3976:Maggie Lena Mitchell Walker
3724:Edwilda Gustava Allen Isaac
3673:Dorothy Shoemaker McDiarmid
3515:Christiana Burdett Campbell
3237:Laura Lu Scherer Copenhaver
1048:"Virginia Women in History"
1028:. Margaret Brent Elementary
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367:The Public Honors College,
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2179:Almira Hart Lincoln Phelps
1879:Virginia Walcott Beauchamp
1231:Lillie Mae Carroll Jackson
962:. American Bar Association
329:American Revolutionary War
4086:St. Mary's City, Maryland
4002:Lillie Louise Boone Lucas
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1106:Marie Francis Bernhardt,
777:"Mistress Margaret Brent"
650:. Maryland State Archives
429:Virginia Women in History
308:'s Institute in England.
108:Colonial American history
77:St. Mary's City, Maryland
62:
50:
30:
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3678:Rebekah Dulaney Peterkin
3627:Christine Herter Kendall
3479:Bessie Niemeyer Marshall
3104:Sarah Garland Boyd Jones
2563:Evelyn Williams Townsend
2415:Oretha Bridgwaters-Simms
2007:Rebecca Alban Hoffberger
1277:Juanita Jackson Mitchell
577:The same law by which a
395:American Bar Association
357:Historic St. Mary's City
290:Fredericksburg, Virginia
123:Early life and education
3956:Josephine Mathes Norcom
3882:Georgeanna Seegar Jones
3525:Elizabeth Peet McIntosh
3191:Benita Fitzgerald-Brown
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3063:Annie Bannister Spencer
2668:Celeste Revillon Winans
2435:Lizette Woodworth Reese
2064:Ramona McCarthy Hawkins
1956:Shoshana Shoubin Cardin
1776:Constance Uriolo Battle
1552:Harriet Elizabeth Brown
1516:Elizabeth King Ellicott
1108:Mistress Margaret Brent
715:Appleby, Joyce (2002).
682:. Collins. p. 17.
152:Immigration to Maryland
3961:Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon
3826:Marii Kyogoku Hasegawa
3785:Louise Harrison McCraw
3765:Corazon Sandoval Foley
3734:Ana Ines Barragan King
3658:Nancy Melvina Caldwell
3617:Elizabeth Ashburn Duke
3038:Anna Whitehead Bodeker
2512:Emily Saunders Plummer
2507:Sandra Williams Ortega
2451:Marsha Coleman-Adebayo
2425:Elaine Danforth Harmon
2410:Sophia Arabatzis Balis
1858:Mary Young Pickersgill
1827:Eunice Kennedy Shriver
1786:Sonia Pressman Fuentes
1732:Elizabeth Fran Johnson
1691:Mary Katharine Goddard
1593:Nettie Barcroft Taylor
1547:Mary Elizabeth Banning
1246:Jeanette Rosner Wolman
3591:Eva Mae Fleming Scott
3530:Orelena Hawks Puckett
3484:Felicia Warburg Rogan
3438:Marian Van Landingham
3211:Mary Virginia Terhune
3140:Bessie Blount Griffin
3002:Lillian Ward McDaniel
2951:Sally Louisa Tompkins
2174:Irene Morgan Kirkaldy
2125:Anne St. Clair Wright
2002:Marilyn Hughes Gaston
1727:Edith Houghton Hooker
1614:Madeleine L. Ellicott
1562:Mary Adelaide Nutting
1542:Rosalie Silber Abrams
1526:Martha Ellicott Tyson
946:June 9, 2012, at the
748:Early American Review
175:Kent Island, Maryland
3971:Lila Meade Valentine
3897:Kate Peters Sturgill
3811:Gaye Todd Adegbalola
3775:Cynthia Eppes Hudson
3612:Naomi Silverman Cohn
3540:Alice Jackson Stuart
3520:Betty Sams Christian
3428:Jean Miller Skipwith
3334:Caroline Bradby Cook
3252:Sheila Crump Johnson
3150:Barbara Johns Powell
2982:Janie Porter Barrett
2905:Lila Meade Valentine
2725:Charlotte M. Cooksey
2558:Rosa Gumataotao Rios
2522:Hattie N. Washington
2287:Helen Delich Bentley
1935:Margaret Byrd Rawson
1717:Florence Riefle Bahr
1686:Constance Ross Beims
1588:Amanda Taylor Norris
1490:Carmen Delgado Votaw
1439:Mary Elizabeth Lange
1308:Sadie Kneller Miller
703:Archives of Maryland
668:Chilton, pp. 314-315
581:ruled the throne of
454:United States portal
286:Alexandria, Virginia
193:, the daughter of a
162:St. Mary's, Maryland
3892:Lucy Randolph Mason
3872:Claudia Lane Dodson
3780:Mary Virginia Jones
3709:Flora D. Crittenden
3464:Emily White Fleming
3403:Mollie Holmes Adams
3176:Kate Waller Barrett
3094:Anne Makemie Holden
2720:Janeen L. Birckhead
2617:Evelyn O. A. Darden
2568:Phyllis B. Trickett
2543:Augusta T. Chissell
2538:Marielsa A. Bernard
2089:Emily Wilson Walker
2043:Karen H. Rothenberg
1992:Liebe Sokol Diamond
1971:Edyth H. Schoenrich
1894:Ruth L. Kirschstein
1853:Florence P. Kendall
1848:Mabel Houze Hubbard
1832:Sandra W. Tomlinson
1737:Bernice Smith White
1634:Barbara A. Robinson
1629:Brigid G. Leventhal
1578:Jill Moss Greenberg
1418:Mary Lemist Titcomb
1318:Martha Carey Thomas
1251:Hiltgunt Zassenhaus
1236:Elizabeth Ann Seton
1120:Allen Johnson, ed.
1004:"Mary Kittamaquund"
892:Brent Cemetery talk
373:Margaret Brent Hall
4007:Evelyn Reid Syphax
3951:Sophie G. Meredith
3836:Barbara Kingsolver
3790:Undine Smith Moore
3423:Kate Mason Rowland
3413:Edythe C. Harrison
3349:Joann Hess Grayson
3308:Isabel Wood Rogers
3206:G. Anne Richardson
3181:Marie Majella Berg
3099:Mary Draper Ingles
3058:Anne Dobie Peebles
2931:Elizabeth Campbell
2860:Mary Julia Baldwin
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2420:Mary C. Goodwillie
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1791:Josephine Jacobsen
1722:Lillian C. Compton
1696:Elaine Ryan Hedges
1506:Rosalyn Blake Bell
1413:Adele Hagner Stamp
1313:Mary Eliza Risteau
871:"The Brent Family"
752:America's History,
377:Margaret Brent Way
73:Colony of Maryland
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909:, March 05, 1998.
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4036:1600s births
3770:Nora Houston
3693:Karenne Wood
3454:Lucy Addison
3418:Janis Martin
3408:Ethel Furman
3313:Edith Turner
3196:Grace Hopper
3109:Annie Snyder
3089:Katie Couric
3079:Grace Arents
3033:Pearl Bailey
2961:Edith Wilson
2870:Willa Cather
2864:
2776:Nancy Pelosi
2771:Aruna Miller
2761:Susan C. Lee
2740:Jackie Ronne
2684:Dorothy Blum
2486:Lilian Welsh
2466:Mary Garrett
2379:Mary S. Feik
2338:Renee E. Fox
2220:Gertrude Poe
1884:Edith Clarke
1583:Mary L. Nock
1521:Jean Spencer
1480:Rose Kushner
1454:Alta Schrock
1449:Bessie Moses
1408:Pauli Murray
1267:Clara Barton
1194:
1128:
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1073:. Retrieved
1064:
1052:. Retrieved
1042:
1030:. Retrieved
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