Federal Aviation Administration

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that had last been done in 2008. Thousands were hired, including veterans, Collegiate Training Initiative graduates, and people who are true "off the street" hires. The move was made to open the job up to more people who might make good controllers but did not go to a college that offered a CTI program. Before the change, candidates who had completed coursework at participating colleges and universities could be "fast-tracked" for consideration. However, the CTI program had no guarantee of a job offer, nor was the goal of the program to teach people to work actual traffic. The goal of the program was to prepare people for the FAA Academy in Oklahoma City, OK. Having a CTI certificate allowed a prospective controller to skip the Air Traffic Basics part of the academy, about a 30- to 45-day course, and go right into Initial Qualification Training (IQT). All prospective controllers, CTI or not, have had to pass the FAA Academy in order to be hired as a controller. Failure at the academy means FAA employment is terminated. In January 2015 they launched another pipeline, a "prior experience" bid, where anyone with an FAA Control Tower Operator certificate (CTO) and 52 weeks of experience could apply. This was a revolving bid, every month the applicants on this bid were sorted out, and eligible applicants were hired and sent directly to facilities, bypassing the FAA academy entirely.

4981: 1669: 1076: 48: 36: 1801: 1867: 1581: 5139: 1368:(DOT) combined major federal responsibilities for air and surface transport. The Federal Aviation Agency's name changed to the Federal Aviation Administration as it became one of several agencies (e.g., Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, the Coast Guard, and the Saint Lawrence Seaway Commission) within DOT. The FAA administrator no longer reported directly to the president, but instead to the Secretary of Transportation. New programs and budget requests would have to be approved by DOT, which would then include these requests in the overall budget and submit it to the president. 1388: 60: 4955: 2092: 1957: 257: 2024: 1979: 1625: 1823: 2585: 1779: 1757: 2313:(and in many cases all MAX variants) due to safety concerns, but the FAA declined to ground MAX 8 aircraft operating in the U.S. On March 12, the FAA said that its ongoing review showed "no systemic performance issues and provides no basis to order grounding the aircraft." Some U.S. Senators called for the FAA to ground the aircraft until an investigation into the cause of the Ethiopian Airlines crash was complete. U.S. Transportation Secretary 1647: 1603: 1178: 1889: 1466:", provides a lifetime series of grouped proficiency activities at three levels (Basic, Advanced, and Master) for pilots who have undergone several hours of ground and flight training since their last WINGS award, or "Phase". The FAA encourages volunteerism in the promotion of aviation safety. The FAA Safety Team, or FAASTeam, works with Volunteers at several levels and promotes safety education and outreach nationwide. 5000: 1691: 2599: 2069: 2001: 1735: 1911: 252: 2165:

experts have been critical of the constraints and expectations under which the FAA is expected to operate. The dual role of encouraging aerospace travel and regulating aerospace travel are contradictory. For example, to levy a heavy penalty upon an airline for violating an FAA regulation which would impact their ability to continue operating would not be considered encouraging aerospace travel.

1845: 1384:. The FAA became more involved with the environmental aspects of aviation in 1968 when it received the power to set aircraft noise standards. Legislation in 1970 gave the agency management of a new airport aid program and certain added responsibilities for airport safety. During the 1960s and 1970s, the FAA also started to regulate high altitude (over 500 feet) kite and balloon flying. 2046: 1934: 1713: 1333:. This legislation passed the CAA's functions to a new independent body, the Federal Aviation Agency. The act also transferred air safety regulation from the CAB to the FAA, and gave it sole responsibility for a joint civil-military system of air navigation and air traffic control. The FAA's first administrator, 1301:(CAB). CAA was responsible for ATC, airman and aircraft certification, safety enforcement, and airway development. CAB was entrusted with safety regulation, accident investigation, and economic regulation of the airlines. The CAA was part of the Department of Commerce. The CAB was an independent federal agency. 2572:

The House T&I Committee began the new reauthorization process for the FAA in February 2017. It is expected that the committee will again urge Congress to consider and adopt air traffic control reform as part of the reauthorization package. Shuster has additional support from President Trump, who,

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Neither type of DER is an employee of either the FAA or the United States government. While a DER represents the FAA when acting under the authority of a DER appointment; a DER has no federal protection for work done or the decisions made as a DER. Neither does the FAA provide any indemnification for

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to members of the same committee sent before a meeting to discuss air traffic control privatization noted a 35-year legacy of failed air traffic control modernization management, including NextGen. The letter said the FAA initially described NextGen as fundamentally transforming how air traffic would

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said there was a "culture of coziness" between senior FAA officials and the airlines and "a systematic breakdown" in the FAA's culture that resulted in "malfeasance, bordering on corruption". In 2008 the FAA proposed to fine Southwest $ 10.2 million for failing to inspect older planes for cracks, and

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took over the Civil Aeronautics Board's (CAB) role of investigating and determining the causes of transportation accidents and making recommendations to the secretary of transportation. CAB was merged into DOT with its responsibilities limited to the regulation of commercial airline routes and fares.

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to ATC helped controllers in their drive to keep abreast of the postwar boom in commercial air transportation. In 1946, meanwhile, Congress gave CAA the added task of administering the federal-aid airport program, the first peacetime program of financial assistance aimed exclusively at development of

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In 2014, the FAA modified its approach to air traffic control hiring. It launched more "off the street bids", allowing anyone with either a four-year degree or five years of full-time work experience to apply, rather than the closed college program or Veterans Recruitment Appointment bids, something

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Map depicting the FAA's air traffic control jurisdictions over all U.S. territories and some international waters, including (in yellow) regions where the U.S. provides enroute air traffic control services over land, (in blue) regions where the U.S. provides oceanic air traffic control services over

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regulations that prohibit any airborne calls using mobile phones. From a technological standpoint, cellular service would not work in-flight because of the rapid speed of the airborne aircraft: mobile phones cannot switch fast enough between cellular towers at an aircraft's high speed. However, the

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said that "If the FAA identifies an issue that affects safety, the department will take immediate and appropriate action." The FAA resisted grounding the aircraft until March 13, 2019, when it received evidence of similarities in the two accidents. By then, 51 other regulators had already grounded

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in 1981 forced temporary flight restrictions but failed to shut down the airspace system. During the following year, the agency unveiled a new plan for further automating its air traffic control facilities, but progress proved disappointing. In 1994, the FAA shifted to a more step-by-step approach

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More precise Performance Based Navigation can reduce fuel burn, emissions, and noise exposure for a majority of communities, but the concentration of flight tracks also can increase noise exposure for people who live directly under those flight paths. A feature of the NextGen program is GPS-based

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In the process of promoting diversity, the FAA revised its hiring process. The FAA later issued a report that the "bio-data" was not a reliable test for future performance. However, the "Bio-Q" was not the determining factor for hiring, it was merely a screening tool to determine who would take a

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to tighten regulations concerning airplane maintenance procedures, including the establishment of a whistleblower office and a two-year "cooling off" period that FAA inspectors or supervisors of inspectors must wait before they can work for those they regulated. The bill also required rotation of

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In the 1990s, satellite technology received increased emphasis in the FAA's development programs as a means to improvements in communications, navigation, and airspace management. In 1995, the agency assumed responsibility for safety oversight of commercial space transportation, a function begun

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Specialized Experience – Amateur-Built and Light-Sport Aircraft DARs Both Manufacturing DARs and Maintenance DARs may be authorized to perform airworthiness certification of light-sport aircraft. DAR qualification criteria and selection procedures for amateur-built and light-sport aircraft

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story: "Penalties against airlines that violate FAA directives should be stiffer. At $ 25,000 per violation, Gutheinz said, airlines can justify rolling the dice and taking the chance on getting caught. He also said the FAA is often too quick to bend to pressure from airlines and pilots." Other

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The FAA issues a number of awards to holders of its certificates. Among these are demonstrated proficiencies as an aviation mechanic (the AMT Awards), a flight instructor (Gold Seal certification), a 50-year aviator (Wright Brothers Master Pilot Award), a 50-year mechanic (Charles Taylor Master

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calls would still be prohibited (and use of cellular networks during any point when aircraft doors are closed remains prohibited to-date). Implementation initially varied among airlines. The FAA expected many carriers to show that their planes allow passengers to safely use their devices in

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In December 2015, a reverse discrimination lawsuit was filed against the FAA seeking class-action status for the thousands of men and women who spent up to $ 40,000 getting trained under FAA rules before they were abruptly changed. The prospects of the lawsuit are unknown, as the FAA is a

1279:(ATC) along the airways. In 1936, the Bureau itself took over the centers and began to expand the ATC system. The pioneer air traffic controllers used maps, blackboards, and mental calculations to ensure the safe separation of aircraft traveling along designated routes between cities. 1499:, gate-to-gate, by the end of 2013. Devices must be held or put in the seat-back pocket during the actual takeoff and landing. Mobile phones must be in airplane mode or with mobile service disabled, with no signal bars displayed, and cannot be used for voice communications due to 1243:'s regulation of civil aviation. This landmark legislation was passed at the urging of the aviation industry, whose leaders believed the airplane could not reach its full commercial potential without federal action to improve and maintain safety standards. The Act charged the 2243:

revised Air Traffic Standardized Aptitude Test (ATSAT). Due to cost and time, it was not practical to give all 30,000 some applicants the revised ATSAT, which has since been validated. In 2015 Fox News levied criticism that the FAA discriminated against qualified candidates.

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waypoints, which result in consolidated flight paths for planes. The result of this change is that many localities experience huge increases in air traffic over previously quiet areas. Complaints have risen with the added traffic and multiple municipalities have filed suit.

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a repairman certificate and be employed at a repair station certificated under 14 CFR part 145, or an air carrier operating certificate holder with an FAA-approved continuous airworthiness program, and must meet the qualification requirements of Order 8100.8, Chapter

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and with FAA Security, is one of the most outspoken critics of FAA. Rather than commend the agency for proposing a $ 10.2 million fine against Southwest Airlines for its failure to conduct mandatory inspections in 2008, he was quoted as saying the following in an

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The FAA gradually assumed additional functions. The hijacking epidemic of the 1960s had already brought the agency into the field of civil aviation security. In response to the hijackings on September 11, 2001, this responsibility is now primarily taken by the

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U.S. law requires that the FAA's budget and mandate be reauthorized on a regular basis. On July 18, 2016, President Obama signed a second short-term extension of the FAA authorization, replacing a previous extension that was due to expire that day.

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The Aeronautics Branch was renamed the Bureau of Air Commerce in 1934 to reflect its enhanced status within the Department. As commercial flying increased, the Bureau encouraged a group of airlines to establish the first three centers for providing

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to fly 46 airplanes in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections, ignoring concerns raised by inspectors. Audits of other airlines resulted in two airlines grounding hundreds of planes, causing thousands of flight cancellations. The

2151:, "in which the airline industry openly dictates to its regulators its governing rules, arranging for not only beneficial regulation, but placing key people to head these regulators." Retired NASA Office of Inspector General Senior Special Agent 2367:

A Designated Engineering Representative (DER) is an engineer who is appointed under 14 CFR section 183.29 to act on behalf of a company or as an independent consultant (IC). The DER system enables the FAA to delegate certain involvement in

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prototype rocket violated the company's license. Musk said the agency's regulations are tailored for "a handful of expendable launches per year from a few government facilities", and that humanity would never get to Mars under those rules.

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A DAR is an individual appointed in accordance with 14 CFR 183.33 who may perform examination, inspection, and testing services necessary to the issuance of certificates. There are two types of DARs: manufacturing, and maintenance.

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A Continued Airworthiness Notification to the International Community (commonly abbreviated as CANIC) is a notification from the FAA to civil airworthiness authorities of foreign countries of pending significant safety actions.

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Airports (ARP): plans and develops the national airport system; oversees standards for airport safety, inspection, design, construction, and operation. The office awards $ 3.5 billion annually in grants for airport planning and

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initially concentrated on such functions as safety regulations and the certification of pilots and aircraft. It took over the building and operation of the nation's system of lighted airways, a task initiated by the

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published an investigative report that showed overworked air traffic controllers at understaffed facilities making errors that resulted in 46 near collisions in the air and on the ground in the month of July alone.

2213:, former chairman of the committee, said its investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse and widespread regulatory lapses, allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with 3788: 2333:

Further investigations also revealed that the FAA and Boeing had colluded on recertification test flights, attempted to cover up important information and that the FAA had retaliated against whistleblowers.

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a. A CANIC is used to notify civil airworthiness authorities of other countries of pending significant safety actions. A significant safety action can be defined as, but not limited to, the following:

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principal maintenance inspectors and stipulated that the word "customer" properly applies to the flying public, not those entities regulated by the FAA. The bill died in a Senate committee that year.

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Security and Hazardous Materials Safety (ASH): responsible for risk reduction of terrorism and other crimes and for investigations, materials safety, infrastructure protection, and personnel security.

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noted that NextGen, as currently executed, was not broadly transformational and that it is a set of programs to implement a suite of incremental changes to the National Airspace System (NAS).

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exams, tests, and inspections to qualified technical people outside of the FAA. Qualifications and policies for appointment of Designated Airworthiness Representatives are established in

1290:. The legislation also expanded the government's role by giving the CAA the authority and the power to regulate airline fares and to determine the routes that air carriers would serve. 4401: 4156: 3013: 2554: 2206: 4266: 3557: 5124: 4009: 2156: 748: 4666: 4453: 4302: 1308:, CAA began to extend its ATC responsibilities to takeoff and landing operations at airports. This expanded role eventually became permanent after the war. The application of 3987: 3403: 4334: 963: 891: 4762: 4892: 3796: 3217: 2566: 4535: 3044: 3659: 3474: 2280: 2275: 4787: 3158: 3099: 2395:

Consultant DERs are appointed to act as independent DERs and may approve, or recommend that the FAA approves, technical data produced by any person or organization.

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The FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018 gives the FAA one year to establish minimum pitch, width and length for airplane seats, to ensure they are safe for passengers.

5020: 4241: 3746: 3125: 2741: 1412: 726: 4587: 3931: 3720: 5820: 5109: 4178: 3242: 133: 4105: 3284: 5129: 1251:, certifying aircraft, establishing airways, and operating and maintaining aids to air navigation. The newly created Aeronautics Branch, operating under the 4830: 4565: 6412: 6402: 5193: 4040: 3860: 3579: 5391: 5013: 4915:"Congressional Hearings on FAA Reauthorization and Automated Vehicles; FTA Withholds Funding from DC, MD, VA for Missing WMATA Safety Oversight Deadline" 4134: 2126:

on August 12, 2019. On February 16, 2022, Dickson announced his resignation as FAA Administrator, effective March 31, 2022. In September 2023, President

1042:. In ATO, employees operate air traffic control facilities comprising Airport Traffic Control Towers (ATCT), Terminal Radar Approach Control Facilities ( 3365: 2708: 5854: 5386: 4719: 2247:

self-governing entity and therefore can alter and experiment with its hiring practices, and there was never any guarantee of a job in the CTI program.

4914: 2188:, inspectors Charalambe "Bobby" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the 6387: 2919: 884: 4482: 6407: 5077: 5067: 4595:. FAA. May 17, 2010. pp. Chapter 6, section 8. Continued Airworthiness Notification to the International Community (CANIC). FAA-IR-M-8040.1C. 4506: 2622: 2176:

In September 2009, the FAA administrator issued a directive mandating that the agency use the term "customers" to refer to only the flying public.

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announced that he would be nominating Mike Whitaker to lead the FAA. Whitaker previously served as deputy administrator of the FAA under President

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Company DERs act on behalf of their employer and may only approve, or recommend that the FAA approves, technical data produced by their employer.

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from the FAA to a non-profit corporation, as many other nations, such as Canada, Germany and the United Kingdom, have done. Shuster's bill, the

5119: 2269: 3059: 429: 4397: 4375: 4160: 1939: 1381: 3187: 3003: 2897: 2876: 5147: 4696: 3843: 2857: 2838: 2819: 2638: 2119:, to be the next FAA Administrator. On July 24, 2019, the Senate confirmed Dickson by a vote of 52–40. He was sworn in as Administrator by 877: 4860: 3822: 5094: 3547: 233: 2985: 1490:, the FAA announced it will allow airlines to expand the passengers use of portable electronic devices during all phases of flight, but 5451: 5036: 2230:

would pay a $ 7.5 million penalty and would adopt new safety procedures, with the fine doubling if Southwest failed to follow through.

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Aviation Safety (AVS): responsible for aeronautical certification of personnel and aircraft, including pilots, airlines, and mechanics.

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for the airspace of the United States and for the New York (Atlantic) and Oakland (Pacific) oceanic areas. It is a full member of the

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On March 18, 2008, the FAA ordered its inspectors to reconfirm that airlines are complying with federal rules after revelations that

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The 2016 extension (set to expire itself in September 2017) left out a provision pushed by Republican House leadership, including

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eleven years before by an office within DOT headquarters. The agency was responsible for the decision to ground flights after the

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and computer technology. This system required enhancement to keep pace with air traffic growth, however, especially after the

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in a meeting with aviation industry executives in early 2017 said the U.S. air control system is "....totally out of whack."

573: 5441: 5426: 4099:"Committee Hearing on "The Need to Reform FAA and Air Traffic Control to Build a 21st Century Aviation System for America"" 3433: 3329: 3230:

Section 577 of the bill requires the FAA to issue rules establishing minimum width, length and seat pitch of airline seats.

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On July 22, 2008, in the aftermath of the Southwest Airlines inspection scandal, a bill was unanimously approved in the

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On March 19, 2019, President Donald Trump announced he would nominate Stephen Dickson, a former executive and pilot at

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transferred the federal civil aviation responsibilities from the Commerce Department to a new independent agency, the

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in 1934, which handles most such matters today—and introduced radio beacons as an effective aid to air navigation.

1047: 1003: 823: 793: 379: 6356: 6315: 6127: 5099: 4963: 4811: 4557: 3874: 2196:, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. This was validated by a report by the 1463: 1451: 758: 541: 389: 1022:

Developing and carrying out programs to control aircraft noise and other environmental effects of civil aviation

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Manufacturing DARs must possess aeronautical knowledge, experience, and meet the qualification requirements of

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the plane, and by March 18, 2019, all 387 aircraft in service were grounded. Three major U.S. airlines--

6245: 6107: 5886: 5376: 5302: 1866: 436: 374: 3901: 3612: 6102: 5704: 5481: 5307: 5292: 4853:"H.R.4441 - 114th Congress (2015-2016): Aviation Innovation, Reform, and Reauthorization Act of 2016" 3952: 2966: 2296: 1097: 838: 698: 496: 491: 272: 6397: 6320: 6162: 6077: 5906: 5486: 5476: 5282: 2632: 1447: 1408: 1267:. The Department of Commerce improved aeronautical radio communications—before the founding of the 1063:(AST): ensures protection of U.S. assets during the launch or reentry of commercial space vehicles. 1039: 1035: 1016: 753: 663: 617: 399: 4357: 1297:

split the authority into two agencies in 1940: the Civil Aeronautics Administration (CAA) and the

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By the mid-1970s, the agency had achieved a semi-automated air traffic control system using both

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for 24 hours. The ban was extended for a further 24 hours but was lifted about six hours later.

6277: 6240: 5792: 5544: 4852: 1586: 1356:(USSR) launch of the first manmade satellite. NASA assumed NACA's aeronautical research role. 1334: 853: 404: 2451: 1956: 1504:

ban is due to potential radio interference with aircraft avionics. If an air carrier provides

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Ember, Sydney; Steel, Emily; Abraham, Leanne; Lutz, Eleanor; Koeze, Ella (August 21, 2023).

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Records of the Federal Aviation Administration in the National Archives (Record Group 237)

3818: 3275:"NASA certifies SpaceX's Crew Dragon for astronaut flights, gives 'go' for Nov. 14 launch" 1473:

flew dozens of aircraft without certain mandatory inspections. The FAA exercises surprise

1084:, several U.S. island territories, and some small, foreign island nations and territories. 8: 6215: 6167: 6092: 6067: 6032: 6027: 5901: 5874: 5564: 5416: 5251: 4720:"Former FAA safety inspector urges caution over Boeing 737: 'I've never, ever done this'" 4621: 3839: 3646: 3524: 3461: 2764: 2736: 2562: 2306: 1430:

by residential retrofit programs. Throughout the 1980s, these charters were implemented.

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a mechanic's certificate with an airframe and powerplant rating, under 14 CFR part 65

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On October 31, 2013, after outcry from media outlets, including heavy criticism from

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In 1979, Congress authorized the FAA to work with major commercial airports to define

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Office of the Assistant Secretary for Budget and Programs and Chief Financial Officer

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phased out the CAB's economic regulation of the airlines. A nationwide strike by the

1131: 1113: 986: 939:, setting standards for airports, and protection of U.S. assets during the launch or 813: 798: 419: 369: 2944: 2404:. "The FAA cannot shelter or protect DERs from the consequences of their findings." 1474: 6097: 6057: 5954: 5921: 5849: 5684: 5664: 5649: 5616: 5611: 5496: 5471: 5345: 5317: 4985: 4976: 3756: 2424: 2373: 2310: 2161: 1784: 1630: 1392: 1236: 1089: 587: 451: 446: 126: 65: 2023: 1978: 6325: 6287: 6255: 6230: 6112: 6014: 5984: 5969: 5964: 5774: 5766: 5501: 5048:

Headquarters: 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE (Transportation Department Building)

4967: 4131:"Latest Inspector General Report Underscores Need for Air Traffic Control Reform" 3935: 3915: 3847: 3826: 2989: 2970: 2951: 2880: 2861: 2842: 2823: 2804: 2604: 2350: 2323: 2152: 2116: 1850: 1762: 1696: 1652: 1420: 858: 674: 461: 409: 394: 341: 289: 256: 4267:"U.S. Senate to hold crash hearing as lawmakers urge grounding Boeing 737 MAX 8" 4234:"US and Canada are the only two nations still flying many Boeing 737 MAX planes" 3425: 3325: 3149:"House passes bill to require minimum standards for airplane seat size, legroom" 2464:

8. Continued Airworthiness Notification to the International Community (CANIC).

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Another CANIC notified the ungrounding of the MAX, ending a 20-month grounding.

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Encouraging and developing civil aeronautics, including new aviation technology

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U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure

2214: 6087: 6004: 5994: 5989: 5959: 5807: 5736: 5669: 5621: 5596: 5591: 5586: 5539: 5521: 5287: 4883:"Congress, Trump Administration Must Prioritize Air Traffic Control Reform" 3751: 2797: 2704: 2558: 2452:

Continued Airworthiness Notification to the International Community (CANIC)

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crash five months earlier, most airlines and countries began grounding the

2218: 2210: 2131: 1491: 1423: 1353: 1322: 1305: 863: 627: 607: 6307: 6261: 6132: 5998: 5771: 5728: 5644: 4202:"Affluent—and Angry—Homeowners Raise Ruckus Over Roar of Overhead Planes" 4037:"Reverse Discrimination Suit Filed Against FAA, Hiring Fallout Continues" 3060:"Disruptions: How the F.A.A., Finally, Caught Up to an Always-On Society" 2314: 2123: 2051: 1481: 1125: 803: 658: 634: 612: 466: 172: 5516: 5170:

Office of the Assistant Secretary for Aviation and International Affairs

4010:"Unqualified air traffic control candidates cheating to pass FAA exams?" 2233: 1778: 1075: 6351: 5699: 5506: 1756: 1202: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 828: 644: 639: 622: 5220: 4960: 4325:"Editorial: Why was the FAA so late to deplane from Boeing's 737 Max?" 3243:"Crew-1 is headed to Space Station, launching the NASA/SpaceX venture" 2511:(5) Other high interest event (e.g., a special certification review). 1247:

with fostering air commerce, issuing and enforcing air traffic rules,

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Continued Airworthiness Notification to the International Community

4157:"FAA facing backlash over noise issues created by PBN flight paths" 3615:(Press release). Federal Aviation Administration. August 12, 2019. 3095: 2524:

The FAA issued a CANIC to state the continued airworthiness of the

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criticized the FAA as moving too slowly, after a 2020 launch of a

2193: 2189: 940: 936: 602: 4299:"U.S. to mandate design changes on Boeing 737 MAX 8 after crashes" 4175:"A Closer Look at How FAA is 'Tone-Deaf' on NextGen Noise Impacts" 1888: 1844: 1108:, for training. The FAA has nine regional administrative offices: 5944: 5936: 5761: 5724: 5631: 5463: 5330: 5259: 4657:"FAA says reviewing 737 Max software fix is 'an agency priority'" 4398:"FAA and Boeing manipulated 737 Max tests during recertification" 4271: 4065:"Airline Close Calls Happen Far More Often Than Previously Known" 3870: 1690: 1149: 1143: 1119: 592: 5161:

Office of Policy Development, Strategic Planning and Performance

4104:. Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. May 12, 2017. 3902:"FAA's 'culture of coziness' targeted in airline safety hearing" 2407: 2157:

Office of Inspector General for the Department of Transportation

2068: 2000: 1031:

The FAA operates five "lines of business". Their functions are:

5709: 4689:"FAA Says Boeing 737 MAX 8 Is 'Airworthy' Despite Second Crash" 3548:"Trump To Nominate Former Delta Airlines Executive To Lead FAA" 2342: 1734: 1545: 1462:

Mechanic Award) or as a proficient pilot. The latter, the FAA "

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National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service

304: 5203:

National Surface Transportation and Innovative Finance Bureau

5185:

Office of the Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology

5035: 3929:

Southwest Air Agrees to $ 7.5 Million Fine, FAA Says (Update2)

3354:

Hsu, Tiffany; Kaplan, Thomas; Wichter, Zach (March 19, 2019).

3037:"The Internet Is Thanking Nick Bilton for the FAA's New Rules" 2460:

The FAA Airworthiness Directives Manual, states the following:

2045: 1933: 3393:"White House to Nominate Steve Dickson as Permanent FAA Head" 3214:"Summary of Final Compromise FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018" 1505: 1404: 1309: 1070: 5155:

Office of the Assistant Secretary for Transportation Policy

3789:"Bill proposes distance between airlines and FAA regulators" 2263: 1446:

In December 2000, an organization within the FAA called the

251: 4661: 3977:"Affirmative Action Lands in the Air Traffic Control Tower" 3457:"Top FAA safety official named as interim leader of agency" 3247: 3153: 2845:. FAA.gov (November 29, 2018). Retrieved on March 14, 2019. 2765:"Regulatory Monitors: Policing Firms in the Compliance Era" 2643: 2567:

Aviation Innovation, Reform, and Reauthorization (AIRR) Act

2555:

House Transportation and Infrastructure (T&I) Committee

2401: 1349: 1325:

travel (and a series of midair collisions—most notably the

267: 4425:"SpaceX to the FAA: The industry needs you to move faster" 3580:"U.S. Senate Roll Call Votes 116th Congress - 1st Session" 2826:. FAA.gov (December 5, 2017). Retrieved on March 14, 2019. 2270:

Next Generation Air Transportation System § Criticism

1508:

service during flight, passengers may use it. Short-range

4237: 3552: 2569:, expired in the House at the end of the 114th Congress. 3122:"British Airways CEO insists flights over Iraq are safe" 2493:(3) A safety action that affects many people, operators; 2362: 1712: 966:(CAA). In 1967, the FAA became part of the newly formed 5821:

Air route authority between the United States and China

5110:

Great Lakes St. Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation

4948: 1416:

that has provided controllers with advanced equipment.

1258:

In fulfilling its civil aviation responsibilities, the

1255:

assumed primary responsibility for aviation oversight.

211: 5130:

Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration

3641:"FAA administrator Steve Dickson to resign next month" 2883:. FAA.gov (June 5, 2018). Retrieved on March 14, 2019. 2561:(R-PA). The provision would have moved authority over 2448:

airworthiness functions are provided in Order 8100.8.

943:

of commercial space vehicles. Powers over neighboring

4061: 3683:"Mike Whitaker Is President Biden's Pick to Lead FAA" 2963: 2234:

Changes to air traffic controller application process

1556:

The administrator is appointed for a five-year term.

970:

and was renamed the Federal Aviation Administration.

5194:

John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center

4780:"FAA reauthorization signed into law: Travel Weekly" 3740: 3738: 2580: 2386:

Designated Engineering Representative (DER) Handbook

985:

Regulating air navigation facilities' geometric and

4422: 2435:

Certification: Airmen Other Than Flight Crewmembers

1012:

and navigation for both civil and military aircraft

995:

Issuing, suspending, or revoking pilot certificates

4810: 4063: 3975: 3819:H.R.6493 - Aviation Safety Enhancement Act of 2008 3639: 3391: 2983:FAA looking to see if airlines made safety repairs 2545:FAA reauthorization and air traffic control reform 1038:(ATO): provides air navigation service within the 4982:Works by or about Federal Aviation Administration 4356:Austen, Ian; Gebrekidan, Selam (March 13, 2019). 3735: 2502:(4) A Special Federal Aviation Regulation (SFAR); 2207:House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee 6374: 5174:Office of International Transportation and Trade 4355: 3840:S.3440 - Aviation Safety Enhancement Act of 2008 3390:Pasztor, Andy; Tangel, Andrew (March 19, 2019). 3353: 3001: 2623:Aviation Safety Knowledge Management Environment 2380:. Working procedures for DERs are prescribed in 1551: 1523:, the FAA suspended flights by U.S. airlines to 16:U.S. government agency regulating civil aviation 5860:Convention on the Marking of Plastic Explosives 5164:Office of Infrastructure Finance and Innovation 4532:"Designated Airworthiness Representative (DAR)" 4358:"Trump Announces Ban of Boeing 737 Max Flights" 3927:John Hughes for Bloomberg News. March 2, 2009. 3709:"The Government's Elite and Regulatory Capture" 3700: 3426:"Billy Nolen, FRAeS–FAA Administrator (Acting)" 2650:United States government role in civil aviation 982:Regulating U.S. commercial space transportation 744:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 5120:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 3947:Shapiro, Adam; Browne, Pamela (May 20, 2015). 3896: 3894: 3892: 3747:"Southwest Airlines faces $ 10.2 million fine" 2539: 962:as the Federal Aviation Agency, replacing the 947:were delegated to the FAA by authority of the 5236: 5021: 4809:Carey, Susan; Pasztor, Andy (July 13, 2016). 3946: 3389: 3304: 3302: 3092:"At last! FAA green lights gadgets on planes" 2408:Designated Airworthiness Representative (DAR) 2290: 1352:(NASA), which was created in response to the 1350:National Aeronautics and Space Administration 885: 5148:Under Secretary of Transportation for Policy 4808: 3861:"FAA will stop calling airlines 'customers'" 3782: 3780: 3778: 2920:"Regional Offices & Aeronautical Center" 2639:Office of Dispute Resolution for Acquisition 2484:(2) The pending issuance of an Emergency AD; 1519:In July 2014, in the wake of the downing of 6413:Regulatory authorities of the United States 6403:Civil aviation authorities in North America 5095:Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration 3889: 3326:"Dan Elwell: 5 Fast Facts You Need To Know" 2179: 1239:of May 20, 1926, is the cornerstone of the 766:Department of State Office of Space Affairs 52:Flag of the Federal Aviation Administration 40:Seal of the Federal Aviation Administration 5243: 5229: 5037:United States Department of Transportation 5028: 5014: 4953: 4199: 3707:Solomon, Steven Davidoff (June 11, 2010). 3607: 3605: 3317: 3299: 2530:the crash of Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302 2155:, who used to be a Special Agent with the 1456:Civil Air Navigation Services Organisation 1071:Regions and Aeronautical Center operations 1002:, especially through local offices called 1000:transportation safety in the United States 892: 878: 727:Department of Energy national laboratories 255: 250: 101:Civil Aeronautics Administration 58: 19:"FAA" redirects here. For other uses, see 3775: 3448: 2894:"Security and Hazardous Materials Safety" 2874:Office of Commercial Space Transportation 2264:Next Generation Air Transportation System 1398: 1348:The same year witnessed the birth of the 1218:Learn how and when to remove this message 1061:Office of Commercial Space Transportation 949:International Civil Aviation Organization 737:Office of Commercial Space Transportation 6388:1958 establishments in the United States 4991:Works by Federal Aviation Administration 4812:"Senate Passes FAA Reauthorization Bill" 4423:Christian Davenport (October 17, 2023). 4261: 4259: 3418: 2732:"FAA Chief To Become Aerospace Lobbyist" 2730:Birnbaum, Jeffrey H. (August 22, 2007). 2729: 2147:The FAA has been cited as an example of 1386: 1074: 6408:Government agencies established in 1958 5250: 4768:from the original on November 24, 2020. 4718:Rodrigo, Chris Mills (March 11, 2019). 4717: 4378:from the original on September 13, 2019 4034: 3706: 3602: 3385: 3383: 3349: 3347: 3323: 3161:from the original on September 28, 2018 3146: 3072:from the original on September 30, 2019 3034: 2762: 2414:Designated Airworthiness Representative 1359: 954:The FAA was created in August 1958 771:Office of Science and Technology Policy 6375: 4863:from the original on February 15, 2017 4654: 4538:from the original on December 17, 2013 4488:from the original on October 29, 2019. 4214:from the original on December 18, 2019 4181:from the original on December 18, 2019 4137:from the original on December 23, 2018 3744: 3680: 3662:from the original on February 20, 2022 3637: 3545: 3517: 3454: 3287:from the original on November 13, 2020 3255:from the original on November 16, 2020 3147:Josephs, Leslie (September 27, 2018). 3114: 3057: 2926:from the original on November 17, 2018 1477:drills on national airports annually. 5224: 5009: 4732:from the original on October 20, 2019 4669:from the original on October 20, 2019 4636:from the original on November 3, 2019 4512:from the original on January 18, 2022 4256: 4111:from the original on January 20, 2018 4016:from the original on January 23, 2016 3973: 3723:from the original on January 20, 2020 3211: 3102:from the original on November 1, 2013 2675:"F.A.A. Chief to Lead Industry Group" 2363:Designated Engineering Representative 2357: 2200:which found FAA managers had allowed 1008:Developing and operating a system of 998:Regulating civil aviation to promote 924:in the United States and surrounding 3990:from the original on January 2, 2016 3873:. September 18, 2009. Archived from 3786: 3681:Tangel, Andrew (September 7, 2023). 3380: 3344: 3002:Dwight Silverman (October 7, 2013). 2672: 2274:A May 2017 letter from staff of the 2142: 1373:National Transportation Safety Board 1200:adding citations to reliable sources 1171: 1100:, for support and research, and the 5189:Bureau of Transportation Statistics 4833:from the original on March 12, 2017 4602:from the original on August 6, 2020 4244:from the original on April 12, 2019 4035:Shapiro, Adam (December 30, 2015). 3590:from the original on August 4, 2019 3560:from the original on March 20, 2019 3477:from the original on March 27, 2022 3436:from the original on April 18, 2022 3406:from the original on March 19, 2019 3368:from the original on March 20, 2019 3193:from the original on August 3, 2019 3035:Clampet, Jason (October 31, 2013). 2673:Wald, Matthew L. (22 August 2007). 1426:and investigate the feasibility of 1391:FAA Joint Surveillance Site radar, 1327:1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision 1304:On the eve of America's entry into 13: 5078:Deputy Secretary of Transportation 5068:Deputy Secretary of Transportation 4925:from the original on March 9, 2017 4895:from the original on March 9, 2017 4790:from the original on March 9, 2017 4404:from the original on July 10, 2022 4337:from the original on July 20, 2021 4279:from the original on July 10, 2019 3619:from the original on July 31, 2020 3511: 3332:from the original on July 31, 2020 3220:from the original on July 28, 2019 3212:Davis, Jeff (September 24, 2018). 3047:from the original on May 25, 2015. 2900:from the original on June 24, 2021 2864:. FAA. Retrieved on June 20, 2021. 2744:from the original on July 27, 2020 2655:Weather Information Exchange Model 2301:As a result of the March 10, 2019 2279:be managed. In 2015, however, the 1094:William J. Hughes Technical Center 973: 549:Pacific Spaceport Complex – Alaska 525:Cape Canaveral Space Force Station 14: 6424: 5798:Environmental effects of aviation 4940: 4699:from the original on May 21, 2019 4568:from the original on June 7, 2020 4456:from the original on June 8, 2009 4200:McLaughlin, Katy (July 6, 2018). 3638:Duncan, Ian (February 16, 2022). 3499:. Federal Aviation Administration 3216:. Eno Center for Transportation. 3181:"FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018" 3016:from the original on May 25, 2015 2779:from the original on June 4, 2020 2711:from the original on 28 July 2019 2518: 2337: 2330:—were affected by this decision. 1501:Federal Communications Commission 1366:U.S. Department of Transportation 1269:Federal Communications Commission 1102:Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center 1048:Air Route Traffic Control Centers 1004:Flight Standards District Offices 968:U.S. Department of Transportation 935:, certification of personnel and 918:U.S. Department of Transportation 201:U.S. Department of Transportation 6393:Air navigation service providers 5177:Office of International Aviation 5137: 4998: 4888:Competitive Enterprise Institute 4305:from the original on May 2, 2019 3974:Reily, Jason L. (June 2, 2015). 3787:Lowe, Paul (September 1, 2008). 3546:Naylor, Brian (March 19, 2019). 3518:Duncan, Ian (October 24, 2023). 3324:Farrell, Paul (March 13, 2019). 3058:Bilton, Nick (October 9, 2013). 2807:FAA. Retrieved on June 20, 2021. 2763:Van Loo, Rory (August 1, 2018). 2597: 2583: 2090: 2067: 2044: 2022: 1999: 1977: 1955: 1932: 1909: 1887: 1865: 1843: 1821: 1799: 1777: 1755: 1733: 1711: 1689: 1667: 1645: 1623: 1601: 1579: 1409:Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 1176: 1080:international waters, including 1026: 964:Civil Aeronautics Administration 46: 34: 6383:Federal Aviation Administration 6357:Aviation taxation and subsidies 6316:Aircraft maintenance technician 6128:Pre-flight safety demonstration 5198:Transportation Safety Institute 5100:Federal Railroad Administration 5085:Federal Aviation Administration 4973:Federal Aviation Administration 4907: 4875: 4845: 4802: 4772: 4759:Federal Aviation Administration 4744: 4711: 4681: 4655:LeBeau, Phil (March 20, 2019). 4648: 4614: 4589:Airworthiness Directives Manual 4580: 4550: 4524: 4492: 4468: 4442: 4416: 4390: 4349: 4317: 4291: 4226: 4193: 4167: 4149: 4123: 4091: 4055: 4028: 4002: 3967: 3940: 3921: 3853: 3832: 3811: 3745:Koenig, David (March 6, 2008). 3674: 3631: 3572: 3539: 3489: 3430:Federal Aviation Administration 3267: 3235: 3205: 3173: 3140: 3084: 3051: 3028: 2995: 2976: 2957: 2938: 2912: 1542:took place on November 15, 2020 1537:The first FAA licensed orbital 1452:air navigation service provider 1441: 1382:Department of Homeland Security 1187:needs additional citations for 1015:Researching and developing the 906:Federal Aviation Administration 759:Space Weather Prediction Center 732:Federal Aviation Administration 542:Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport 122:Orville Wright Federal Building 29:Federal Aviation Administration 5105:Federal Transit Administration 5090:Federal Highway Administration 4039:. Fox Business. Archived from 4012:. Fox Business. May 20, 2015. 3951:. Fox Business. Archived from 3455:Duncan, Ian (March 26, 2022). 2886: 2867: 2848: 2829: 2810: 2791: 2756: 2723: 2666: 2250: 704:National Reconnaissance Office 1: 6236:Flight cancellation and delay 5865:European Common Aviation Area 5158:Office of the Chief Economist 3124:. The UK News. Archived from 2660: 2613:Acquisition Management System 2475:(1) Urgent safety situations; 2303:Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302 2209:held hearings in April 2008. 1552:History of FAA Administrators 1413:air traffic controllers union 1313:the nation's civil airports. 1230: 4301:. Euronews. March 12, 2019. 2646:, Safety Alert for Operators 2628:Federal Aviation Regulations 2430:Maintenance DARs must hold: 2378:Designee Management Handbook 2198:Department of Transportation 2137: 1331:Federal Aviation Act of 1958 1316: 1124:Northwestern Pacific – 1088:The FAA is headquartered in 359:Robotic spaceflight programs 7: 6191:Airline reservations system 6143:Special visual flight rules 5180:Office of Aviation Analysis 5125:Office of Inspector General 5059:Secretary of Transportation 4997:(public domain audiobooks) 3934:September 24, 2015, at the 3918:. Retrieved April 11, 2011. 2618:Airport Improvement Program 2576: 2540:Proposed regulatory reforms 1521:Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 1288:Civil Aeronautics Authority 1260:U.S. Department of Commerce 709:United States Space Command 559:Vandenberg Space Force Base 325:International Space Station 243:United States space program 10: 6429: 6246:Government contract flight 6108:Flight information service 5887:Hague Hijacking Convention 5880:EU–US Open Skies Agreement 5472:Pilot in command (Captain) 2411: 2294: 2291:Boeing 737 MAX controversy 2267: 1329:) prompted passage of the 1167: 1118:Northwest Mountain – 284:Human spaceflight programs 124:800 Independence Avenue SW 18: 6339: 6306: 6176: 6103:Flight information region 6013: 5935: 5806: 5783: 5723: 5705:Low-cost carrier terminal 5630: 5530: 5462: 5359: 5316: 5273:Airline holding companies 5258: 5146: 5135: 5076: 5043: 4966:January 16, 2017, at the 3914:January 23, 2013, at the 2297:Boeing 737 MAX groundings 2281:National Research Council 1529:2014 Israel–Gaza conflict 1098:Atlantic City, New Jersey 978:The FAA's roles include: 839:Sierra Nevada Corporation 783:Commercial space industry 699:United States Space Force 223: 218: 206: 196: 179: 164: 118: 108: 94: 76: 71: 57: 45: 33: 6321:Aircraft ground handling 6163:Upper information region 6078:Civil aviation authority 5907:Paris Convention of 1919 3846:October 1, 2021, at the 3825:October 1, 2021, at the 2964:Air Traffic Organization 2817:Air Traffic Organization 2633:Civil aviation authority 2226:and the FAA agreed that 2180:Lax regulatory oversight 2121:Transportation Secretary 1448:Air Traffic Organization 1371:At the same time, a new 1092:, and also operates the 1040:National Airspace System 1036:Air Traffic Organization 1017:National Airspace System 754:Office of Space Commerce 430:Solar System Exploration 6153:Terminal control center 6118:Instrument flight rules 5975:Baggage handling system 5816:Air transport agreement 5607:In-flight entertainment 5115:Maritime Administration 4919:The National Law Review 4818:The Wall Street Journal 4629:. FAA. March 11, 2019. 4207:The Wall Street Journal 3983:The Wall Street Journal 3399:The Wall Street Journal 2988:March 21, 2008, at the 2969:April 19, 2007, at the 1341:general and adviser to 1321:The approaching era of 1299:Civil Aeronautics Board 1241:U.S. federal government 1126:Los Angeles, California 1106:Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 914:U.S. federal government 693:National security space 537:Wallops Flight Facility 113:U.S. federal government 6278:Round-the-world ticket 6241:Frequent-flyer program 4562:lessonslearned.faa.gov 3949:"Trouble in the Skies" 2954:from official website. 2922:. FAA. April 6, 2011. 2803:June 28, 2021, at the 2537: 2516: 1587:Elwood Richard Quesada 1399:1970s and deregulation 1395: 1265:Post Office Department 1253:Department of Commerce 1112:Alaskan Region – 1085: 854:United Launch Alliance 82:; 66 years ago 6268:Passenger name record 6186:Airline booking ploys 6158:Uncontrolled airspace 6148:Terminal control area 5785:Environmental effects 5695:International airport 5602:Crew rest compartment 5555:Premium economy class 5298:Non-scheduled airline 4891:. December 12, 2016. 4859:. February 11, 2016. 4761:. November 18, 2020. 4400:. December 18, 2020. 3763:on September 25, 2012 3283:. November 11, 2020. 3251:. November 10, 2020. 2950:July 2, 2008, at the 2879:May 19, 2020, at the 2860:May 12, 2013, at the 2836:Aviation Safety (AVS) 2522: 2462: 1675:Alexander Butterfield 1390: 1295:Franklin D. Roosevelt 1284:Civil Aeronautics Act 1245:Secretary of Commerce 1162:Boston, Massachusetts 1138:Kansas City, Missouri 1078: 1019:and civil aeronautics 574:Space launch vehicles 149:38.88694°N 77.02278°W 6138:Special use airspace 6048:Airport crash tender 6038:Aircraft safety card 5838:Cross-strait charter 5832:Bermuda II Agreement 5206:Build America Bureau 4784:www.travelweekly.com 4476:"FAA Order 8110.37F" 4163:on October 21, 2016. 3955:on December 22, 2015 3877:on December 24, 2010 3309:"William F. McKee". 2841:May 8, 2013, at the 2822:May 7, 2013, at the 2591:United States portal 1516:, can also be used. 1436:September 11 attacks 1360:1960s reorganization 1343:President Eisenhower 1196:improve this article 945:international waters 926:international waters 530:Kennedy Space Center 480:NASA Astronaut Corps 80:August 23, 1958 64:FAA headquarters in 21:FAA (disambiguation) 6216:Codeshare agreement 6168:Visual flight rules 6093:Controlled airspace 6068:Area control center 6033:Air traffic service 6028:Air traffic control 5917:Sabotage Convention 5902:Montreal Convention 5875:Freedoms of the air 5565:Basic economy class 5252:Commercial aviation 4500:"FAA Order 8100.8D" 4429:The Washington Post 3799:on January 15, 2013 3687:Wall Street Journal 3647:The Washington Post 3525:The Washington Post 3497:"Polly Trottenberg" 3462:The Washington Post 3186:. October 5, 2018. 2769:Faculty Scholarship 2737:The Washington Post 2563:air traffic control 2400:a DER from general 2307:Lion Air Flight 610 1548:on behalf of NASA. 1277:air traffic control 1160:New England – 1142:Great Lakes – 1120:Seattle, Washington 1010:air traffic control 933:air traffic control 931:Its powers include 669:Space Launch System 154:38.88694; -77.02278 145: / 30: 6206:Bereavement flight 5855:Chicago Convention 5845:Beijing Convention 5834:(UK–US, 1978–2008) 5828:(UK–US, 1946–1978) 5303:Passenger airlines 4363:The New York Times 4333:. March 14, 2019. 4275:. March 12, 2019. 4240:. March 12, 2019. 4177:. April 19, 2015. 4070:The New York Times 4043:on January 1, 2016 3717:The New York Times 3361:The New York Times 3313:: 76. August 1989. 3065:The New York Times 2680:The New York Times 2358:Regulatory process 2257:The New York Times 2202:Southwest Airlines 2149:regulatory capture 1917:Robert A. Sturgell 1829:Thomas C. Richards 1539:human space flight 1525:Ben Gurion Airport 1514:wireless keyboards 1512:accessories, like 1487:The New York Times 1471:Southwest Airlines 1396: 1156:New York, New York 1086: 916:agency within the 437:Planetary Observer 415:Planetary Missions 28: 6370: 6369: 6331:Flight dispatcher 6226:Electronic ticket 6201:Airline timetable 6043:Airport authority 5950:Baggage allowance 5927:Warsaw Convention 5826:Bermuda Agreement 5660:Airport rail link 5582:Aircraft seat map 5577:Aircraft lavatory 5308:Regional airlines 5293:Low-cost airlines 5218: 5217: 5064:Polly Trottenberg 4558:"Lessons Learned" 4330:Los Angeles Times 3910:(April 3, 2008). 3907:Los Angeles Times 3128:on August 8, 2014 3009:Houston Chronicle 2973:Official website. 2382:FAA Order 8110.37 2328:American Airlines 2184:In 2007, two FAA 2143:Conflicting roles 2113: 2112: 2102:October 27, 2023 2075:Polly Trottenberg 1807:James B. Busey IV 1544:, carried out by 1335:Elwood R. Quesada 1228: 1227: 1220: 1144:Chicago, Illinois 1132:Fort Worth, Texas 1130:Southwest – 1114:Anchorage, Alaska 987:flight inspection 902: 901: 814:Firefly Aerospace 799:Bigelow Aerospace 227: 226: 6420: 6098:Evacuation slide 6058:Airport security 5955:Baggage carousel 5922:Tokyo Convention 5850:Cape Town Treaty 5685:Domestic airport 5665:Airport terminal 5650:Airport check-in 5612:Inflight smoking 5497:Flight attendant 5346:Vanilla Alliance 5283:Charter airlines 5245: 5238: 5231: 5222: 5221: 5141: 5140: 5030: 5023: 5016: 5007: 5006: 5002: 5001: 4986:Internet Archive 4977:Federal Register 4957: 4952: 4951: 4949:Official website 4935: 4934: 4932: 4930: 4911: 4905: 4904: 4902: 4900: 4879: 4873: 4872: 4870: 4868: 4849: 4843: 4842: 4840: 4838: 4814: 4806: 4800: 4799: 4797: 4795: 4776: 4770: 4769: 4767: 4756: 4748: 4742: 4741: 4739: 4737: 4715: 4709: 4708: 4706: 4704: 4685: 4679: 4678: 4676: 4674: 4652: 4646: 4645: 4643: 4641: 4635: 4628: 4618: 4612: 4611: 4609: 4607: 4601: 4594: 4584: 4578: 4577: 4575: 4573: 4554: 4548: 4547: 4545: 4543: 4528: 4522: 4521: 4519: 4517: 4511: 4504: 4496: 4490: 4489: 4487: 4480: 4472: 4466: 4465: 4463: 4461: 4446: 4440: 4439: 4437: 4435: 4420: 4414: 4413: 4411: 4409: 4394: 4388: 4387: 4385: 4383: 4353: 4347: 4346: 4344: 4342: 4321: 4315: 4314: 4312: 4310: 4295: 4289: 4288: 4286: 4284: 4263: 4254: 4253: 4251: 4249: 4230: 4224: 4223: 4221: 4219: 4197: 4191: 4190: 4188: 4186: 4171: 4165: 4164: 4159:. 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Archived from 3757:Associated Press 3742: 3733: 3732: 3730: 3728: 3704: 3698: 3697: 3695: 3693: 3678: 3672: 3671: 3669: 3667: 3643: 3635: 3629: 3628: 3626: 3624: 3609: 3600: 3599: 3597: 3595: 3576: 3570: 3569: 3567: 3565: 3543: 3537: 3536: 3534: 3532: 3515: 3509: 3508: 3506: 3504: 3493: 3487: 3486: 3484: 3482: 3452: 3446: 3445: 3443: 3441: 3422: 3416: 3415: 3413: 3411: 3395: 3387: 3378: 3377: 3375: 3373: 3351: 3342: 3341: 3339: 3337: 3321: 3315: 3314: 3306: 3297: 3296: 3294: 3292: 3271: 3265: 3264: 3262: 3260: 3239: 3233: 3232: 3227: 3225: 3209: 3203: 3202: 3200: 3198: 3192: 3185: 3177: 3171: 3170: 3168: 3166: 3144: 3138: 3137: 3135: 3133: 3118: 3112: 3111: 3109: 3107: 3088: 3082: 3081: 3079: 3077: 3055: 3049: 3048: 3032: 3026: 3025: 3023: 3021: 2999: 2993: 2980: 2974: 2961: 2955: 2942: 2936: 2935: 2933: 2931: 2916: 2910: 2909: 2907: 2905: 2890: 2884: 2871: 2865: 2852: 2846: 2833: 2827: 2814: 2808: 2795: 2789: 2788: 2786: 2784: 2760: 2754: 2753: 2751: 2749: 2727: 2721: 2720: 2718: 2716: 2670: 2607: 2602: 2601: 2600: 2593: 2588: 2587: 2586: 2425:FAA Order 8100.8 2374:FAA Order 8100.8 2311:Boeing 737 MAX 8 2215:FAA safety rules 2162:Associated Press 2098:Michael Whitaker 2094: 2082:October 27, 2023 2071: 2048: 2026: 2007:Daniel K. Elwell 2003: 1981: 1959: 1936: 1913: 1891: 1869: 1847: 1825: 1803: 1785:T. Allan McArtor 1781: 1759: 1737: 1715: 1693: 1671: 1649: 1631:William F. McKee 1627: 1605: 1583: 1559: 1558: 1428:noise mitigation 1393:Canton, Michigan 1249:licensing pilots 1237:Air Commerce Act 1223: 1216: 1212: 1209: 1203: 1180: 1172: 1150:Atlanta, Georgia 1148:Southern – 1090:Washington, D.C. 961: 959: 920:which regulates 894: 887: 880: 834:Northrop Grumman 400:Mars Exploration 273:U.S. Space Force 259: 254: 245: 229: 228: 214: 187:Michael Whitaker 180:Agency executive 171:19.807 billion ( 160: 159: 157: 156: 155: 150: 146: 143: 142: 141: 138: 127:Washington, D.C. 95:Preceding agency 90: 88: 83: 66:Washington, D.C. 62: 50: 38: 31: 27: 6428: 6427: 6423: 6422: 6421: 6419: 6418: 6417: 6398:Aviation safety 6373: 6372: 6371: 6366: 6335: 6326:Baggage handler 6302: 6256:Open-jaw ticket 6231:Fare basis code 6178:Airline tickets 6172: 6113:Flight recorder 6015:Aviation safety 6009: 5985:Checked baggage 5970:Baggage handler 5965:Baggage reclaim 5931: 5912:Rome Convention 5802: 5779: 5767:Travel document 5719: 5626: 5526: 5502:Flight engineer 5458: 5355: 5312: 5254: 5249: 5219: 5214: 5142: 5138: 5133: 5072: 5051: 5039: 5034: 4999: 4968:Wayback Machine 4947: 4946: 4943: 4938: 4928: 4926: 4913: 4912: 4908: 4898: 4896: 4881: 4880: 4876: 4866: 4864: 4851: 4850: 4846: 4836: 4834: 4807: 4803: 4793: 4791: 4778: 4777: 4773: 4765: 4754: 4750: 4749: 4745: 4735: 4733: 4716: 4712: 4702: 4700: 4687: 4686: 4682: 4672: 4670: 4653: 4649: 4639: 4637: 4633: 4626: 4620: 4619: 4615: 4605: 4603: 4599: 4592: 4586: 4585: 4581: 4571: 4569: 4556: 4555: 4551: 4541: 4539: 4530: 4529: 4525: 4515: 4513: 4509: 4505:. p. 3-1. 4502: 4498: 4497: 4493: 4485: 4481:. p. 2-1. 4478: 4474: 4473: 4469: 4459: 4457: 4448: 4447: 4443: 4433: 4431: 4421: 4417: 4407: 4405: 4396: 4395: 4391: 4381: 4379: 4354: 4350: 4340: 4338: 4323: 4322: 4318: 4308: 4306: 4297: 4296: 4292: 4282: 4280: 4265: 4264: 4257: 4247: 4245: 4232: 4231: 4227: 4217: 4215: 4198: 4194: 4184: 4182: 4173: 4172: 4168: 4155: 4154: 4150: 4140: 4138: 4129: 4128: 4124: 4114: 4112: 4108: 4101: 4097: 4096: 4092: 4082: 4080: 4060: 4056: 4046: 4044: 4033: 4029: 4019: 4017: 4008: 4007: 4003: 3993: 3991: 3972: 3968: 3958: 3956: 3945: 3941: 3936:Wayback Machine 3926: 3922: 3916:Wayback Machine 3899: 3890: 3880: 3878: 3859: 3858: 3854: 3848:Wayback Machine 3838:Congress.gov, " 3837: 3833: 3827:Wayback Machine 3817:Congress.gov, " 3816: 3812: 3802: 3800: 3785: 3776: 3766: 3764: 3743: 3736: 3726: 3724: 3705: 3701: 3691: 3689: 3679: 3675: 3665: 3663: 3636: 3632: 3622: 3620: 3611: 3610: 3603: 3593: 3591: 3578: 3577: 3573: 3563: 3561: 3544: 3540: 3530: 3528: 3516: 3512: 3502: 3500: 3495: 3494: 3490: 3480: 3478: 3453: 3449: 3439: 3437: 3424: 3423: 3419: 3409: 3407: 3388: 3381: 3371: 3369: 3352: 3345: 3335: 3333: 3322: 3318: 3308: 3307: 3300: 3290: 3288: 3273: 3272: 3268: 3258: 3256: 3241: 3240: 3236: 3223: 3221: 3210: 3206: 3196: 3194: 3190: 3183: 3179: 3178: 3174: 3164: 3162: 3145: 3141: 3131: 3129: 3120: 3119: 3115: 3105: 3103: 3090: 3089: 3085: 3075: 3073: 3056: 3052: 3033: 3029: 3019: 3017: 3000: 2996: 2990:Wayback Machine 2981: 2977: 2971:Wayback Machine 2962: 2958: 2952:Wayback Machine 2943: 2939: 2929: 2927: 2918: 2917: 2913: 2903: 2901: 2892: 2891: 2887: 2881:Wayback Machine 2872: 2868: 2862:Wayback Machine 2853: 2849: 2843:Wayback Machine 2834: 2830: 2824:Wayback Machine 2815: 2811: 2805:Wayback Machine 2796: 2792: 2782: 2780: 2761: 2757: 2747: 2745: 2728: 2724: 2714: 2712: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2605:Aviation portal 2603: 2598: 2596: 2589: 2584: 2582: 2579: 2547: 2542: 2521: 2454: 2416: 2410: 2365: 2360: 2340: 2299: 2293: 2272: 2266: 2255:In August 2023 2253: 2236: 2182: 2153:Joseph Gutheinz 2145: 2140: 2117:Delta Air Lines 2030:Stephen Dickson 1851:David R. Hinson 1763:Donald D. Engen 1697:John L. McLucas 1653:John H. Shaffer 1568:Term start date 1554: 1444: 1421:noise pollution 1401: 1364:In 1967, a new 1362: 1337:, was a former 1319: 1233: 1224: 1213: 1207: 1204: 1193: 1181: 1170: 1154:Eastern – 1136:Central – 1073: 1029: 976: 974:Major functions 957: 955: 898: 869: 868: 859:Virgin Galactic 819:Lockheed Martin 784: 776: 775: 722: 714: 713: 694: 686: 685: 576: 566: 565: 515: 507: 506: 482: 472: 471: 390:Lunar Precursor 380:Large Strategic 360: 352: 351: 330:Commercial Crew 285: 277: 241: 210: 192: 189:, Administrator 153: 151: 147: 144: 139: 136: 134: 132: 131: 130: 125: 123: 104: 86: 84: 81: 72:Agency overview 63: 53: 41: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6426: 6416: 6415: 6410: 6405: 6400: 6395: 6390: 6385: 6368: 6367: 6365: 6364: 6362:Mile high club 6359: 6354: 6349: 6343: 6341: 6337: 6336: 6334: 6333: 6328: 6323: 6318: 6312: 6310: 6304: 6303: 6301: 6300: 6298:Travel website 6295: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6275: 6273:Red-eye flight 6270: 6265: 6258: 6253: 6251:One-way travel 6248: 6243: 6238: 6233: 6228: 6223: 6221:Continent pass 6218: 6213: 6208: 6203: 6198: 6196:Airline ticket 6193: 6188: 6182: 6180: 6174: 6173: 6171: 6170: 6165: 6160: 6155: 6150: 6145: 6140: 6135: 6130: 6125: 6123:Overwing exits 6120: 6115: 6110: 6105: 6100: 6095: 6090: 6085: 6080: 6075: 6073:Brace position 6070: 6065: 6063:Airspace class 6060: 6055: 6053:Airport police 6050: 6045: 6040: 6035: 6030: 6025: 6019: 6017: 6011: 6010: 6008: 6007: 6002: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5972: 5967: 5962: 5957: 5952: 5947: 5941: 5939: 5933: 5932: 5930: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5892:Hague Protocol 5889: 5884: 5883: 5882: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5841: 5840: 5835: 5829: 5823: 5812: 5810: 5804: 5803: 5801: 5800: 5795: 5789: 5787: 5781: 5780: 5778: 5777: 5769: 5764: 5759: 5754: 5752:Departure card 5749: 5742:Border control 5739: 5733: 5731: 5721: 5720: 5718: 5717: 5712: 5707: 5702: 5697: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5655:Airport lounge 5652: 5647: 5642: 5636: 5634: 5628: 5627: 5625: 5624: 5619: 5614: 5609: 5604: 5599: 5594: 5589: 5584: 5579: 5574: 5572:Aircraft cabin 5569: 5568: 5567: 5562: 5557: 5552: 5550:Business class 5547: 5536: 5534: 5528: 5527: 5525: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5512:Aircraft pilot 5509: 5504: 5499: 5494: 5489: 5484: 5482:Second officer 5479: 5474: 5468: 5466: 5460: 5459: 5457: 5456: 5455: 5454: 5449: 5444: 5439: 5433:Other regions 5431: 5430: 5429: 5424: 5419: 5411: 5410: 5409: 5404: 5398:United States 5396: 5395: 5394: 5389: 5384: 5379: 5374: 5368:International 5365: 5363: 5357: 5356: 5354: 5353: 5351:U-FLY Alliance 5348: 5343: 5341:Value Alliance 5338: 5333: 5328: 5322: 5320: 5314: 5313: 5311: 5310: 5305: 5300: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5275: 5270: 5264: 5262: 5256: 5255: 5248: 5247: 5240: 5233: 5225: 5216: 5215: 5213: 5212: 5209: 5208: 5207: 5201: 5200: 5199: 5196: 5191: 5183: 5182: 5181: 5178: 5175: 5167: 5166: 5165: 5162: 5159: 5152: 5150: 5144: 5143: 5136: 5134: 5132: 5127: 5122: 5117: 5112: 5107: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5087: 5082: 5080: 5074: 5073: 5071: 5070: 5061: 5055:Pete Buttigieg 5050: 5049: 5045: 5044: 5041: 5040: 5033: 5032: 5025: 5018: 5010: 5004: 5003: 4988: 4979: 4970: 4958: 4942: 4941:External links 4939: 4937: 4936: 4906: 4874: 4844: 4801: 4771: 4743: 4710: 4680: 4647: 4613: 4579: 4549: 4523: 4491: 4467: 4441: 4415: 4389: 4348: 4316: 4290: 4255: 4225: 4192: 4166: 4148: 4122: 4090: 4054: 4027: 4001: 3966: 3939: 3920: 3888: 3852: 3831: 3810: 3774: 3734: 3699: 3673: 3630: 3601: 3571: 3538: 3510: 3488: 3447: 3417: 3379: 3343: 3316: 3298: 3266: 3234: 3204: 3172: 3139: 3113: 3083: 3050: 3027: 2994: 2975: 2956: 2937: 2911: 2885: 2866: 2847: 2828: 2809: 2790: 2755: 2722: 2664: 2662: 2659: 2658: 2657: 2652: 2647: 2641: 2636: 2635:(generic term) 2630: 2625: 2620: 2615: 2609: 2608: 2594: 2578: 2575: 2546: 2543: 2541: 2538: 2526:Boeing 737 MAX 2520: 2519:Notable CANICs 2517: 2515: 2514: 2513: 2512: 2506: 2505: 2504: 2503: 2497: 2496: 2495: 2494: 2488: 2487: 2486: 2485: 2479: 2478: 2477: 2476: 2470: 2469: 2453: 2450: 2445: 2444: 2443: 2442: 2438: 2428: 2412:Main article: 2409: 2406: 2397: 2396: 2393: 2364: 2361: 2359: 2356: 2339: 2338:Space division 2336: 2305:crash and the 2292: 2289: 2268:Main article: 2265: 2262: 2252: 2249: 2235: 2232: 2186:whistleblowers 2181: 2178: 2144: 2141: 2139: 2136: 2111: 2110: 2108: 2103: 2100: 2095: 2087: 2086: 2083: 2080: 2077: 2072: 2064: 2063: 2060: 2057: 2054: 2049: 2041: 2040: 2038: 2035: 2032: 2027: 2019: 2018: 2015: 2012: 2009: 2004: 1996: 1995: 1993: 1990: 1987: 1985:Michael Huerta 1982: 1974: 1973: 1971: 1968: 1965: 1960: 1952: 1951: 1948: 1945: 1942: 1937: 1929: 1928: 1925: 1922: 1919: 1914: 1906: 1905: 1903: 1900: 1897: 1892: 1884: 1883: 1881: 1878: 1875: 1870: 1862: 1861: 1859: 1856: 1853: 1848: 1840: 1839: 1837: 1834: 1831: 1826: 1818: 1817: 1815: 1812: 1809: 1804: 1796: 1795: 1793: 1790: 1787: 1782: 1774: 1773: 1771: 1768: 1765: 1760: 1752: 1751: 1749: 1746: 1743: 1738: 1730: 1729: 1727: 1724: 1721: 1719:Langhorne Bond 1716: 1708: 1707: 1705: 1702: 1699: 1694: 1686: 1685: 1683: 1680: 1677: 1672: 1664: 1663: 1661: 1658: 1655: 1650: 1642: 1641: 1639: 1636: 1633: 1628: 1620: 1619: 1617: 1614: 1611: 1606: 1598: 1597: 1595: 1592: 1589: 1584: 1576: 1575: 1572: 1569: 1566: 1563: 1553: 1550: 1443: 1440: 1400: 1397: 1361: 1358: 1318: 1315: 1232: 1229: 1226: 1225: 1184: 1182: 1175: 1169: 1166: 1165: 1164: 1158: 1152: 1146: 1140: 1134: 1128: 1122: 1116: 1072: 1069: 1068: 1067: 1064: 1058: 1054: 1051: 1028: 1025: 1024: 1023: 1020: 1013: 1006: 996: 993: 990: 983: 975: 972: 922:civil aviation 900: 899: 897: 896: 889: 882: 874: 871: 870: 867: 866: 861: 856: 851: 846: 841: 836: 831: 826: 821: 816: 811: 806: 801: 796: 794:Ball Aerospace 791: 785: 782: 781: 778: 777: 774: 773: 768: 763: 762: 761: 756: 751: 741: 740: 739: 729: 723: 720: 719: 716: 715: 712: 711: 706: 701: 695: 692: 691: 688: 687: 684: 683: 681:Vulcan Centaur 678: 671: 666: 661: 656: 649: 648: 647: 642: 637: 632: 625: 615: 610: 605: 600: 595: 590: 585: 577: 572: 571: 568: 567: 564: 563: 562: 561: 551: 546: 545: 544: 534: 533: 532: 527: 516: 513: 512: 509: 508: 505: 504: 499: 494: 489: 483: 478: 477: 474: 473: 470: 469: 464: 459: 454: 449: 444: 439: 434: 433: 432: 427: 422: 412: 407: 405:New Millennium 402: 397: 392: 387: 382: 377: 372: 367: 361: 358: 357: 354: 353: 350: 349: 344: 339: 334: 333: 332: 322: 321: 320: 307: 302: 297: 292: 286: 283: 282: 279: 278: 276: 275: 270: 264: 261: 260: 247: 246: 238: 237: 225: 224: 221: 220: 216: 215: 208: 204: 203: 198: 194: 193: 191: 190: 183: 181: 177: 176: 166: 162: 161: 120: 116: 115: 110: 106: 105: 103: 102: 98: 96: 92: 91: 78: 74: 73: 69: 68: 55: 54: 51: 43: 42: 39: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6425: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6404: 6401: 6399: 6396: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6384: 6381: 6380: 6378: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6344: 6342: 6340:Miscellaneous 6338: 6332: 6329: 6327: 6324: 6322: 6319: 6317: 6314: 6313: 6311: 6309: 6305: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6293:Travel agency 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6263: 6260:Overbooking ( 6259: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6249: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6229: 6227: 6224: 6222: 6219: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6211:Boarding pass 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6183: 6181: 6179: 6175: 6169: 6166: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6116: 6114: 6111: 6109: 6106: 6104: 6101: 6099: 6096: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6086: 6084: 6081: 6079: 6076: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6020: 6018: 6016: 6012: 6006: 6003: 6000: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5980:Baggage sizer 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5942: 5940: 5938: 5934: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5881: 5878: 5877: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5870:Flight permit 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5839: 5836: 5833: 5830: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5819: 5818: 5817: 5814: 5813: 5811: 5809: 5805: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5793:Hypermobility 5791: 5790: 5788: 5786: 5782: 5776: 5773: 5770: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5755: 5753: 5750: 5747: 5743: 5740: 5738: 5735: 5734: 5732: 5730: 5726: 5722: 5716: 5715:Transit hotel 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5638: 5637: 5635: 5633: 5629: 5623: 5620: 5618: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5590: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5560:Economy class 5558: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5542: 5541: 5538: 5537: 5535: 5533: 5529: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5487:Third officer 5485: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5477:First officer 5475: 5473: 5470: 5469: 5467: 5465: 5461: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5435: 5434: 5432: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5418: 5415: 5414: 5412: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5399: 5397: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5370: 5369: 5367: 5366: 5364: 5362: 5358: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5344: 5342: 5339: 5337: 5336:Star Alliance 5334: 5332: 5329: 5327: 5324: 5323: 5321: 5319: 5315: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5288:Flag carriers 5286: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5278:Cargo airline 5276: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5268:Airline codes 5266: 5265: 5263: 5261: 5257: 5253: 5246: 5241: 5239: 5234: 5232: 5227: 5226: 5223: 5210: 5205: 5204: 5202: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5186: 5184: 5179: 5176: 5173: 5172: 5171: 5168: 5163: 5160: 5157: 5156: 5154: 5153: 5151: 5149: 5145: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5081: 5079: 5075: 5069: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5056: 5053: 5052: 5047: 5046: 5042: 5038: 5031: 5026: 5024: 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