5822:"In recognition of his profound contributions to many fields within fluid mechanics including important aspects of the interaction of sound and fluid flow and numerous other contributions which have had practical applications in aircraft engine design. He is noted also for his ground-breaking work on both external bio-fluid-dynamics - analysis of mechanisms of swimming and flying - and internal bio-fluid-dynamics, including flow in the cardiovascular system and the airways, and cochlear mechanics and other aspects of hearing"
131:
945:"For an experimental enquiry into the Mineral Elastic Spirit, or Air, contained in Spa-Water; as well as into the Mephitic qualities of this Spirit. (Brownrigg) For his Experiments and Observations on the agreement between the specific gravities of the several Metals, and their colours when united to glass, as well as those of their other preparations. (Delaval) For his Paper communicated this present year, containing his Experiments relating to Fixed Air. (Cavendish)"
2408:"For his various memoirs on the subject of electricity, published in the Memoires deacademie Royale des Sciences de lInstitut de France, and particularly for those on the production of crystals of metallic sulphurets and of sulphur, by the long-continued action of electricity of very low tension, and published in the tenth volume of those Memoires. (Becquerel) For his two papers on voltaic combinations published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1836. (Daniell)"
5864:"In recognition of his pioneering work in elucidating the detailed biosynthetic pathways to all the major families of plant alkaloids. His approach, which stands as a paradigm for future biosynthetic studies on complex molecules, combines isolation work, structure determination, synthesis, isotopic labelling and spectroscopy, especially advanced NMR, as well as genetics and molecular biology. This spectacular research revealed the entire pathway to vitamin B12"
5843:"In recognition of his seminal contributions to evolutionary biology, including his experimental work on sexual selection, his important contributions to our understanding of ageing, his introduction of game theoretical methods for the analysis of complex evolutionary scenarios and his research into molecular evolution, both through his classic work on genetic hitchhiking, and with his more recent, ongoing work on bacterial population growth"
5735:"In recognition of his fundamental contribution to the theory of crystal morphology, in particular to the source of dislocations and their consequences in interfaces and crystal growth; to fundamental understanding of liquid crystals and the concept of disclination; and to the extension of crystallinity concepts to aperiodic crystals. He has also contributed through a variety of remarkable insights into a great number of physical problems"
2670:"For the eminent services he has rendered to geological science during many years of active observation in several parts of Europe; and especially for the establishment of that classification of the older Palaeozoic deposits designated the Silurian System, as set forth in the two works entitled The Silurian System founded on Geological Researches in England, and The Geology of Russia in Europe and the Ural Mountains"
2382:"For his systematic application of the doctrine of definite proportions to the analysis of mineral bodies, as contained in his Nouveau Systeme de Mineralogie, and in other of his works. (Bezelius) For his discoveries relating to the structure of the liver, as detailed in his paper communicated to the Royal Society, and published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1833. (Kiernan)"
2946:"For three memoirs of the diffusion of liquids, published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1850 and 1851; for a memoir on osmotic force in the Philosophical Transactions for 1854; and particularly for a paper on liquid diffusion applied to analysis, including a distinction of compounds into colloids & crystalloids published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1861"
2159:"For the Discovery of the Magnetic Properties of substances not containing Iron. For the Discovery of the power of various bodies, principally metallic, to receive magnetic impressions, in the same, though in a more evanescent manner than malleable Iron, and in an infinitely less intense degree. (Arago) For his various Communications on the subject of Magnetism. (Barlow)"
2180:"For his observations of Double Stars, and his Paper on the Discordances between the Suns observed and computed Right Ascensions, published in the Transactions of the Society. For his Paper of Observations of the Apparent Distances and Positions of Four Hundred and Fifty-eight Double and Triple Stars, published in the present volume (1826, Part 1.) of the Transactions"
163:
conditions were changed so that the medal would be awarded to the researcher that the Royal
Society Council decided most deserved it. A second donation of £1666 13s. 4d. was made by Sir Joseph William Copley in 1881, and the interest from that amount is used to pay for the medal. The medal in its current format is made of silver gilt and awarded with a £5000 prize.
5885:"For his work on the immunological function of the thymus and of T cells, which has revolutionised the science of immunology. Professor Millers work is paving the way for designing new methods to improve resistance to infections, producing new vaccines, enhancing graft survival, dealing with autoimmunity and even persuading the immune system to reject cancer cells"
2607:"For his investigations relative to the disturbances of Uranus by which he proved the existence and predicted the place of the new Planet; the Council considering such prediction confirmed as it was by the immediate discovery of the Planet to be one of the proudest triumphs of modern analysis applied to the Newtonian Theory of Gravitation"
154:, who received it for "his new Electrical Experiments: - as an encouragement to him for the readiness he has always shown in obliging the Society with his discoveries and improvements in this part of Natural Knowledge". The Medal was created following a donation of £100 to be used for carrying out experiments by
8200:
1253:"For the Communication of his Discovery of a new and singular Star; a discovery which does him particular honour, as, in all probability, this start has been for many years, perhaps ages, within the bounds of astronomic vision, and yet till now, eluded the most diligent researches of other observers"
186:
who was awarded the Copley Medal in 1977 "n recognition of his distinguished work on the chemical structure of proteins and his studies on the sequences of nucleic acids" and is one of only four people to have won multiple Nobel Prizes, having won the Nobel Prize in
Chemistry twice in 1958 and 1980.
5928:"For his unique range of groundbreaking discoveries in the fields of cell and developmental biology. He pioneered the concept that specialised cells are genetically equivalent and that they differ only in the genes they express not the genes they contain, a concept fundamental to modern biology"
162:
on the amount was used for several years. The conditions for the medal have been changed a number of times; in 1736 it was suggested that "a medal or other honorary prize should be bestowed on the person whose experiment should be best approved", and this remained the rule until 1831 when the
6553:
7928:
6616:
6504:
3156:"For his numerous contributions to the science of chemistry, and more especially for his researches on the products of the decomposition of cyanogens by ammonia; on the derivatives of uric acid; on the benzoyl series; on boron, silicon, & their compounds; and on meteoric stones"
626:"On account of a very curious Book lately published by him, and intiyled, A Natural History of Birds, &c. - containing the Figures elegantly drawn, and illuminated in their proper colours, of 209 different Birds, and about 20 very rare Quadrupeds, Serpents, Fishes, and Insects."
7670:
6458:
2967:"For his original observations and discoveries in the geology of the Palaeozoic Series of rocks, and more especially for his determination of the characters of the Devonian System, by observations of the order of superposition of the Killas rocks & their fossils in Devonshire"
2542:"For his late valuable researches in organic chemistry, particularly those contained in a series of memoirs on chemical types and the doctrine of substitution, and also for his elaborate investigations of the atomic weights of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and other elements"
3093:"For the second volume of his Relation des Experiences pour determiner les lois et les donnees physiques necessaries au calcul des machines a feu, including his elaborate investigations on the specific heat of gases and vapours, and various papers on the elastic force of vapours"
2777:"For his important contributions to different branches of physiology and comparative anatomy, and particularly for his researches on the embryology of the Echinodermata, contained in a series of memoirs published in the Transactions of the Royal Academy of Sciences of Berlin"
5950:"in recognition of his seminal contributions to understanding the fundamental dynamics of carbon chain molecules, leading to the detection of these species (polyynes) in the interstellar medium by radioastronomy, and thence to the genesis of a new era in carbon science"
2479:"For his discoveries in organic chemistry, and particularly for his development of the composition and theory of organic radicals. (Liebig) For his "Memoire sur la Resolution des Equations Numeriques," published in the Memoires des Savans Etrangers for 1835. (Sturm)"
7841:
2274:"For his Papers, On the principle of the construction of the Achromatic Eye-pieces of Telescopes, - On the Spherical Aberration of the Eye-pieces of Telescopes, and for other Papers on Optical Subjects in the Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society"
149:
for "outstanding achievements in research in any branch of science, and alternates between the physical sciences and the biological sciences". Awarded every year, the medal is the oldest Royal
Society medal still in use, having first been awarded in 1731 to
195:
in 2008 "for his beautiful and original insights into many areas of mathematics and mathematical physics. Sir Roger has made outstanding contributions to general relativity theory and cosmology, most notably for his work on black holes and the Big Bang."
2299:"For his discovery of Magneto-Electricity as detailed in his Experimental Researches in Electricity, published in the Philosophical Transactions for the present year. (Faraday) For his work entitled, Nouvelle Theorie de lAction Capillaire. (Poisson)"
1173:"On account of his valuable Paper containing directions for making the best Composition for the metals of Reflecting Telescopes; together with a description of the process for grinding, polishing, and giving the best speculum the true parabolic form"
6036:"for his beautiful and original insights into many areas of mathematics and mathematical physics. Sir Roger has made outstanding contributions to general relativity theory and cosmology, most notably for his work on black holes and the Big Bang"
2628:"For his work entitled Results of Astronomical Observations made during the years 1834, 1835, 1836, 1837 and 1838, at the Cape of Good Hope; being a completion of a telescopic survey of the whole surface of the visible heavens, commenced in 1825"
1873:"For his Papers printed in the Philosophical Transactions. On the influence of the Brain on the action of the Heart, and the generation of Animal Heat; and on the different modes in which death is brought on by certain Vegetable Poisons"
1152:"For his Paper, giving an account of the method he had taken to preserve the health of the crew of H.M. Ship the Resolution, during her late voyage round the world. Whose communication to the Society was of such importance to the public"
5779:"In recognition of his contribution to the understanding of mechanical properties of materials and related topics through his pioneering studies on crystal plasticity, dislocation impurity interactions, fracture and irradiation effects"
1562:"For his Paper on the construction and analysis of geometrical propositions determining the positions assumed by homogeneal bodies which float freely, and at rest; and also determining the Stability of Ships and other floating bodies"
2585:"For his physiological researches on the development of animal & vegetable textures, published in his work entitled Mikroskopische Untersuchungen uber die Uebereinstimmung in der Struktur u. dem Wachsthun der Thiese u. Bflanzen"
710:"For the many Experiments made by him on Platina, which tend to the discovery of the sophistication of gold: - which he would have entirely completed, but was obliged to put a stop to his further enquiries for want of materials"
3388:"For (1) his discovery of the law of the universal dissipation of energy; (2) his researches and eminent services in physics, both experimental & mathematical, especially in the theory of electricity and thermodynamics"
3135:"For his researches on the mechanics of heat; including essays on: - 1. The force of inorganic nature. 2. Organic motion in connection with nutrition. 3. Fever. 4. Celestial dynamics. 5. The mechanical equivalent of heat"
5628:"In recognition of his outstanding contributions to immunology, in particular to the discovery of monoclonal antibodies and to the understanding of the role of somatic mutations in the maturation of the immune response"
6914:"Digital Collections - Manuscripts - Item 15a - 15z, 15(1) - 15(20): Addresses to the Royal Society, London the first on being appointed to the Chair and later addresses on presentations of the Copley Medal, 1778-1796"
2500:"For his researches into the laws of electric currents contained in various memoirs published in Schweiggers Journal, Poggendorffs Annalen and in a separate work entitled Die galvanische Kette mathematisch bearbeitet"
6014:"for his seminal studies of interactions within and among biological populations that have reshaped our understanding of how species, communities and entire ecosystems respond to natural or human created disturbance"
5440:"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to a wide range of problems in structural and synthetic organic chemistry and , in particular, his introduction of conformational analysis into stereochemistry"
1541:"For his various inventions and improvements in the construction of the Instruments for the Trigonometrical measurements carried on by the late Major General Roy, and by Lieut. Col. Williams and his associates"
2070:"For his various Communications to the Royal Society relating to his researches made in the late Expedition to the Arctic Regions. (Sabine) For his Papers printed in the Philosophical Transactions. (Herschel)"
966:"For his Papers of the year 1767, On the animal nature of the Genus of Zoophytes called Corallina, and the Actinia Sociata, or Clustered Animal Flower, lately found on the sea coasts of the new-ceded Islands"
5419:"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to molecular biology through his own studies of the structure and biological activity of haemoglobin and his leadership in the development of the subject"
810:"On account of his curious Experiments concerning Water-wheels and Wind-mill Sails, communicated to the Society. For his experimental enquiry concerning the powers of water and wind in the moving of Mills"
768:"On account of his very curious and useful invention of making Thermometers, showing respectively the greatest degrees of heat and cold which have happened at any time during the absence of the observer"
235:"For his new Electrical Experiments: - as an encouragement to him for the readiness he has always shown in obliging the Society with his discoveries and improvements in this part of Natural Knowledge"
5564:"In recognition of his fundamental contributions to a very wide range of theoretical physics, and signal advances in proposing the probable existence of nuclear chain reactions in fissile materials"
5056:"In recognition of his distinguished researches in the field of chemical kinetics, including the study of biological reaction mechanisms, and of his outstanding contributions to natural philosophy"
5907:"For his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry. His work transformed density functional theory into a powerful theoretical tool for chemistry, chemical physics and biology"
1320:"For his Mathematical Communications to the Society. For his Paper On the Summation of Series, whose general term is a determinate function of z the distance from the first term of the series"
1666:"For his Papers - on the effects which take place from the destruction of the Membrana Tympani of the Ear; with an account of an operation for the removal of a particular species of Deafness"
4591:"For his pioneer work on the electron theory of magnetism, his fundamental contributions to discharge of electricity in gases, and his important work in many branches of theoretical physics"
3261:"For his biological, geological, and mineralogical investigations, carried on through half a century, and for the valuable works in which his conclusions and discoveries have been published"
4780:"For his distinguished work on the chemistry of radioactive elements and especially for his development of the radioactive tracer techniques in the investigation of biological processes"
5800:"In recognition of his pioneering work on the structure of muscle and on the molecular mechanisms of muscle contraction, providing solutions to one of the great problems in physiology"
4675:"For his many contributions to aerodynamics, hydrodynamics, and the structure of metals, which have had a profound influence on the advance of physical science and its applications"
2925:"For his eminent researches in palaeontology and other branches of science, and particularly for his great works the Poissons Fossiles, and his Poissons du Vieux Gres Rouge dEcosse"
3916:"On the ground of the great value of his numerous contributions to natural history, and of the part he took in working out the theory of the origin of species by natural selection"
3832:"For his long-continued researches in spectroscopic chemistry, on electrical & mechanical phenomena in highly-rarefied gases, on radio-active phenomena, and other subjects"
1378:"For his three Papers, - On the Ovaria, On the identity of the dog, wolf, and jackall species, and On the anatomy of Whales, printed in the Philosophical Transactions for 1787"
4971:"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to many branches of analysis, including Tauberian theory, the Riemann zeta function, and non-linear differential equations"
3494:"For his investigations on the morphology and histology of vertebrate and invertebrate animals, and for his services to biological science in general during many past years"
1603:"For his various Communications printed in the Philosophical Transactions. (Evelyn); For his Chemical Communications printed in the Philosophical Transactions. (Hatchett)"
1299:"For his discovery of the Period of the Variation of Light in the Star Algol. (Goodricke); For his Experiments to ascertain the point of Mercurial Congelation. (Hutchins)"
5757:"In recognition of his contribution to animal virology with special emphasis on the pox and myxomatosis viruses and their relationship with the host in causing disease"
4570:"For his establishment of the modern science of genetics which had revolutionized our understanding, not only of heredity, but of the mechanism and nature of evolution"
372:"For his invention of an Engine for driving the Piles to make a Foundation for the Bridge to be erected at Westminster, the Model whereof had been shown to the Society"
6794:
4907:"In recognition of his numerous and distinguished contributions to developing the theory and application of statistics for making quantitative a vast field of biology"
5120:"In recognition of his discovery of the mechanism of excitation and impulse conduction in nerve, and his outstanding leadership in the development of neurophysiology"
1624:"For his improved Solution of a problem in Physical Astronomy, &c. printed in the Philosophical Transactions for the year 1798; and his other Mathematical Papers"
2205:"For his Paper, entitled, On the ultimate Composition of simple alimentary substances, with some preliminary remarks on the analysis of organized bodies in general"
5714:"In recognition of his tireless pursuit of DNA, from the elucidation of its structure to the social and medical implications of the sequencing of the human genome"
4423:"For his distinguished work on the solar magnetic phenomena and for his eminence as a scientific engineer, especially in connexion with Mount Wilson Observatory"
542:"On account of his curious Experiments for showing the resistance of the Air, and his rules for establishing his doctrine thereon for the motion of Projectiles"
5585:"In recognition of his pioneering contributions to the understanding of the nature and mechanism of the main pathway of electron transport in photosynthesis"
647:"On account of his communicating to the Society, and exhibiting before them, his curious method of making Artificial Magnets without the use of Natural ones"
5693:"In recognition of his contributions to fundamental understanding of fast photochemical and photophysical processes and their role in chemistry and biology"
3345:"For his discovery of the organic ammonias, the glycols, and other investigations which have exercised considerable influence on the progress of chemistry"
5522:"In recognition of his distinguished work on theoretical physics, including stellar structure, theory of radiation, hydrodynamic stability and relativity"
2713:"On account of his important discoveries in comparative anatomy & palaeontology, contained in the Philosophical Transactions and numerous other works"
5163:"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to knowledge of the fundamental processes involved in transmission across the neuromuscular junction"
3811:"For his eminent geological services, & especially for the original researches & conclusions published in his great work 'Das Antlitz der Erde'"
5034:"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to biochemistry, in particular his work on the ornithine, tricarboxylic acid and glyoxylate cycles"
5500:"In recognition of his elucidation of the structure of immunoglobulins and of the reactions involved in activating the complement system of proteins"
900:"For his very ingenious and elegent Experiments in the Air Pump and Condensing Engine, to prove the Compressibility of Water, and some other Fluids"
9769:
5671:"In recognition of his many contributions to molecular genetics and developmental biology, and his recent role in the Human Genome mapping project"
5398:"In recognition of his masterly contributions to the synthesis of complex natural products and his discovery of the importance of orbital symmetry"
4528:"In recognition of his important contributions to physiology and pharmacology, particularly in relation to the nervous and neuro-muscular systems"
5543:"In recognition of his outstanding contributions to our understanding of complex biological structures and the methods used for determining them"
789:"On account of his curious Experiments and Discoveries concerning the different refrangibility of the Rays of Light, communicated to the Society"
7771:
5479:"In recognition of his distinguished research on the stereochemically-controlled synthesis and biosynthesis of biologically important molecules"
500:"For his curious Experiments relating to the Crystallization or Configuration of the minute particles of Saline Bodies dissolved in a menstruum"
436:"For his Experiments towards the discovery of the properties of Electricity. As an addition to his allowance (as Curator) for the present year."
6798:
6729:
4717:"For his distinguished researches on the fundamental nature of nervous activity, and recently on the localization of certain nervous functions"
3790:"In recognition of the value of his physiological and pathological researches in regard to their influence on the modern practice of surgery"
584:"On account of his very curious and wonderful discoveries in the apparent motion of the Fixed Stars, and the causes of such apparent motion"
394:"For his Experiments towards the Discovery of Medicines for dissolving the Stone; and Preservatives for keeping Meat in long voyages at Sea"
9880:
5650:"In recognition of his work on the symmetries of the laws of nature, and especially the unification of the electromagnetic and weak forces"
3684:"In recognition of his important work in embryology, comparative anatomy, and physiology, and especially for his eminence as a histologist"
2841:"For his researches in organic chemistry, particularly on the composition of the fats, andf for his researches on the contrast of coulours"
1232:"For his paper, entitled, An investigation of the Principles of Progressive and Rotatory Motion, printed in the Philosophical Transactions"
1910:"For his Communications concerning the Alcohol contained in Fermented Liquors and other Papers, printed in the Philosophical Transactions"
1008:"For his Two Papers, entitled, An Account of the Lymphatic System in Amphibious Animals, - and An Account of the Lymphatic System in Fish"
668:"On account of his very curious and useful Experiments and Observations on Septic and Anti-septic Substances, communicated to the Society"
9854:
7409:
2649:"For his investigations relative to the disturbances of Uranus, and for his application of the inverse problem of perturbations thereto"
9099:
2357:"For his experimental investigations of the force of electricity of high intensity contained in the Philosophical Transactions of 1834"
415:"For his Lectures on Muscular Motion. As a further addition for his services to the Society in the care and pains he has taken therein"
5249:"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to biochemistry and especially for his elucidation of the nature of plant viruses"
5228:"In recognition of his outstanding contributions to both the analytical and synthetic chemistry of natural products of diverse types"
5099:"In recognition of his theoretical contributions to terrestrial and interplanetary magnetism, the ionosphere and the aurora borealis"
2433:"For his inventions and mathematical researches in magnetism. (Gauss) For his researches in specific electrical induction. (Faraday)"
1591:
1461:"For his Paper on the Rate of Travelling as performed by Camels, printed in the last (81st) volume of the Philosophical Transactions"
1420:"For his two Papers on the values of Reversions and Survivorships, printed in the two last volumes of the Philosophical Transactions"
457:"For the communication of his Observations in the attempt of discovering a North-West passage to the East Indies through Hudsons Bay"
3423:
1729:"For his various Chemical Discoveries communicated to the Society, and printed in several volumes of the Philosophical Transactions"
9783:
5607:"In recognition of his fundamental contributions to a wide range of topics in geometry, topology, analysis and theoretical physics"
1865:
5377:"In recognition of his distinguished work on the chemical structure of proteins and his studies on the sequences of nucleic acids"
5142:"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to the development of methods of structural determination by X-ray diffraction"
4801:"For his outstanding work in nuclear physics and in the development of atomic energy, especially for his discovery of the neutron"
1836:"For the Account of his Method of dividing Astronomical Instruments, printed in the last volume of the Philosophical Transactions"
114:
102:
10103:
5356:"In recognition of her outstanding work on the structures of complex molecules, particularly Penicillin, vitamin B12 and insulin"
9813:
4507:"In recognition of his pioneer work in Crete, particularly his contributions to the history and civilization of its Minoan age"
3515:"For his various papers on subjects of pure mathematics, and for the valuable mathematical treatises of which he is the author"
1131:"In consideration of his curious and laborious Observations on the Attraction of Mountains, made in Scotland, - on Schehallien"
7221:
5185:"In recognition of his distinguished work on the chemistry of vitamin C and his authoritative studies of the cortico-steroids"
5013:"In recognition of his distinguished work in many branches of geophysics, and also in the theory of probability and astronomy"
4253:"For the valuable work he has done in physiology and histology and the position he now occupies as a leader in these sciences"
7996:
3219:"For his numerous contributions to the science of chemistry, and especially for his researches on the derivatives of ammonia"
175:
118:
98:
5292:"In recognition of his outstanding studies on the mechanisms of the nerve impulse and of activation of muscular contraction"
4465:"In recognition of his discoveries in human physiology and of their application to medicine, mining, diving and engineering"
1195:"For his paper, entitled, The force of Fired Gunpowder, and the initial velocity of Cannon Balls, determined by Experiments"
110:
4633:"For his research work of outstanding originality and brilliance which has influenced the whole field of organic chemistry"
9011:
8420:
351:"For his Experiment to show the property of a Diet of Madder Root in dyeing the Bones of living animals of a red colour"
8021:"Humboldt - Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander - von - 1769-1859 - Baron - German naturalist, geologist and explorer"
5577:
4928:"In recognition of his outstanding studies of cosmic ray showers and heavy mesons and in the field of palaeomagnetism"
2521:"For his researches connected with the wave theory of light, contained in the Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy"
4084:"For his important investigations in physical chemistry, more especially his researches on the liquefaction of gases"
3380:
449:
4063:"On the ground of his investigations in the physiology of digestion and of the higher centres of the nervous system"
2883:"For the investigations contained in his Maasbestimmungen and other researches in electricity, magnetism, acoustics"
2474:
9986:
9760:
7934:
3051:"For his discoveries in embryology and comparative anatomy, and for his contributions to the philosophy of zoology"
9074:
8732:
166:
Since its creation, the medal has been awarded to a number of notable scientists, including 52 winners of various
6595:
6006:
4759:"For his distinguished researches on myothermal problems and on biophysical phenomena in nerve and other tissues"
3719:
155:
9476:
9032:
8332:
5335:"In recognition of his elucidation of the structure of DNA and his continuing contribution to molecular biology"
4738:"For his distinguished part in the development of mathematical analysis in England during the last thirty years"
9859:
8096:
7270:
82:
37:
8774:
8440:
9563:
9542:
9500:
9434:
9413:
9350:
9329:
9308:
9245:
9224:
9203:
9161:
9119:
8966:
8945:
8861:
8711:
7907:
6917:
4245:
3409:"For his investigations in physiology, and the great services which he has rendered to physiological science"
521:"On account of the surprising discoveries in the phenomena of Electricity, exhibited in his late Experiments"
9632:
9266:
8882:
8269:
8179:
7429:
7175:
7087:
7066:
6773:
6704:
6641:
6412:
6370:
4843:"In recognition of his remarkable contributions to relativistic dynamics of a particle in quantum mechanics"
9930:
9588:
9371:
9095:
8924:
8461:
8248:
7562:
7045:
6391:
6328:
6256:
2904:"For his researches on cacodyls, gaseous analysis, the Voltaire phenomena of Iceland; and other researches"
605:"On account of those very curious Instruments, invented and made by him, for the exact mensuration of Time"
563:"On account of several very curious Experiments exhibited by him, both with Natural and Artificial Magnets"
407:
8374:
8311:
8158:
8137:
7954:
7729:
7133:
6307:
6286:
5971:"for his contributions to cell biology in general, and to the elucidation of the control of cell division"
5314:"In recognition of his pioneering work in algebraic geometry, notably in his theory of harmonic integrals"
4822:"For his fundamental researches in the fields of protozoology, entomology and the biochemistry of enzymes"
1274:"As a reward for the merit of his labours in the science of Chemistry. For his chemical analyses of Salts"
9875:
9287:
8753:
8669:
8395:
8353:
8290:
7154:
6961:
6887:
6839:
6620:
6529:
6433:
6184:
5432:
5091:
4625:
4604:
4478:
1924:
1022:
428:
322:
285:
188:
134:
9455:
9140:
8579:
8482:
8068:
7975:
7865:
7795:
7628:
7472:
7313:
7291:
7245:
1399:"For his two Papers on Congelation, printed in the last (78th) volume of the Philosophical transactions"
10035:
9808:
9612:
8690:
7845:
7708:
6867:
5514:
4549:"In recognition of his distinguished work in the development of the quantum theory of atomic structure"
3274:
2126:
1700:
1412:
513:
71:
26:
9521:
6683:
3662:"For his life-long researches in comparative anatomy in all branches of the animal kingdom. etc., etc"
2396:
9844:
9182:
8600:
7514:
5727:
4886:"For his distinguished contributions to both pure and applied mathematics and to theoretical physics"
4696:"For his success in introducing chemical methods in the study of immunity against infective diseases"
4360:"For his contributions to theoretical physics and especially as the originator of the quantum theory"
1637:
823:
702:
8987:
8903:
2833:
9738:
9723:
9705:
9677:
7886:
7799:
7451:
7031:
6941:
6937:
6483:
6188:
5348:
5271:"In recognition of his original contributions over a long period to atomic and solid state physics"
5207:"In recognition of his distinguished studies of tissue transplantation and immunological tolerance"
5048:
4772:
4330:
3887:
2200:
1814:"For his various papers communicated to the society, and printed in the Philosophical Transactions"
1000:
492:
248:
227:
179:
151:
7196:
6479:
3979:"On the ground of his researches on tidal theory, the figures of the planets, and allied subjects"
2769:
2039:
1519:"For his several Communications explanatory of certain Experiments published by Professor Galvani"
10093:
9849:
8024:
7694:
7587:
7112:
6260:
4984:
4963:
3557:"For his contributions to chemical philosophy especially for his application of Avogadros theory"
3127:
2938:
2446:
1806:
958:
146:
8416:
6982:
6525:
2370:
191:, who won the medal in 1734, 1736 and 1741 respectively. The medal was most recently awarded to
10098:
5134:
4864:"For his distinguished contributions of a fundamental character to the science of microbiology"
4667:
3316:
3211:
2862:"For his various researches and writings by which he has contributed to the advance of geology"
2726:
2011:"For his Papers on the construction of Ships of War, printed in the Philosophical Transactions"
1679:
1086:
760:
731:"For his many useful Experiments on Antimony, of which an account had been read to the Society"
171:
9392:
8795:
6725:
831:"For his many curious Experiments in Electricity, communicated to the Society within the year"
10050:
10045:
9793:
9788:
8624:
7750:
7200:
5390:
4992:"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to knowledge of viruses and of immunology"
4751:
4688:
4161:
3908:
3591:
3337:
3085:
2747:
2403:
1902:
1792:"For his various Papers on Anatomy and Physiology, printed in the Philosophical Transactions"
1370:
9584:
7405:
6863:
4486:"For his work on the use of clouds in advancing our knowledge of atoms and their properties"
4021:"On the ground of the high scientific value of the researches in zoology carried out by him"
9753:
9608:
9480:
8816:
8228:
7493:
6750:"AIM25 text-only browsing: Royal College of Surgeons of England Ellis, John (c 1710-1776)"
4730:
4709:
3971:
3549:
3465:
3282:"For his long-continued and important researches and discoveries in agricultural chemistry"
3106:
2875:
2684:
2421:
1763:
1658:
987:"For his Experiments on the Distillation of Acids, Volatile Alkalies, and other substances"
8020:
6229:
4950:"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to experimental pathology and medicine"
8:
9839:
4373:
4309:
3929:
3740:
3676:
3486:
3444:
3043:
2811:
2534:
2349:
2266:
57:
7535:
3578:"For his investigations in pathology, pathological anatomy, and prehistoric archaeology"
2454:"For his discoveries during a series of years, on the subject of vegetable impregnation"
1456:
9657:
8820:
8558:
8116:
8000:
7383:
5835:
4562:
4457:
4415:
3064:
2662:
78:
33:
9653:
4106:"On the ground of his eminence as a bacteriologist, and as a pioneer in serum therapy"
1932:"For his various Mathematical Contributions printed in the Philosophical Transactions"
9692:
8044:
7685:
7018:
5993:"For his outstanding contribution to theoretical physics and theoretical cosmology. "
5453:
5177:
4654:"For his distinguished work on respiration and the respiratory function of the blood"
4288:
4203:
3866:
3253:
3169:
3148:
2599:
1474:
1073:"On account of the many curious and useful Experiments contained in his observations"
929:
681:
21:
8840:
7583:
7003:
3022:
2147:
1051:"For his paper entitled, An Enquiry into the value of ancient Greek and Roman Money"
9886:
8991:
7266:
6818:
6662:
6349:
6233:
5369:
5026:
4920:
4878:
3845:
3633:
3612:
2641:
2513:
2083:
1828:
1721:
1598:
1511:
1245:
1065:
470:
183:
8645:
8089:
7607:
2790:
1953:"For his Paper on the Polarization of Light by Reflection from Transparent Bodies"
10060:
10055:
10040:
10030:
9996:
9901:
9834:
9746:
8221:
8048:
7775:
6795:"Making and circulating knowledge through Sir William Hamilton's Campi Plhegraei"
5985:
5814:
5706:
5556:
5005:
4646:
4394:
4267:
4140:
4119:
3824:
3698:
3473:"For his services to botanical science as an investigator, author, and traveller"
3295:
2577:
2556:
2428:
2377:
2287:
2003:
1771:"For his various Papers on Vegetation, printed in the Philosophical Transactions"
1391:
1294:
1123:
940:
534:
7649:
10020:
10012:
9966:
9935:
5877:
5856:
5663:
5620:
5599:
5471:
5306:
5220:
4856:
4793:
4436:
3950:
3654:
3570:
3232:
3030:"For his researches in analytical geometry, magnetism, & spectral analysis"
3001:
2980:
2328:
2294:
1945:
1287:
1266:
1187:
936:
618:
89:
50:
9053:
7108:
2091:"For his Paper on the Fossil Teeth and Bones discovered in a Cave at Kirkdale"
130:
10087:
9991:
9829:
9803:
9719:
7819:
6913:
6028:
5771:
5685:
5492:
5327:
5284:
5199:
4942:
4899:
4583:
4182:
4034:
4013:
3782:
3761:
3528:
3507:
3359:
3190:
2959:
2917:
2896:
2854:
2620:
2467:
2193:
2065:
2058:
1554:
1533:
1449:
1312:
1043:
597:
576:
386:
343:
192:
8841:"Award of the Copley Medal of the Royal Society to Professor Theobald Smith"
3367:"For his numerous profound and comprehensive researches in pure mathematics"
2988:"For his important researches in geology, zoology, and botanical physiology"
1750:"For his various Communications published in the Philosophical Transactions"
9976:
9956:
9798:
7539:
6480:"Molecular Expressions: Science, Optics and You - Timeline - James Bradley"
6208:
6158:
6137:
6103:
6088:
6073:
6058:
5942:
5749:
5241:
5155:
5112:
4814:
4612:"For his clinical and experimental investigations upon the mammalian heart"
4499:
3803:
2734:"For his eminent services in terrestrial physics, during a series of years"
2705:
2154:
1784:
1742:
1708:"For his various Chemical Papers printed in the Philosophical Transactions"
1616:
1224:
979:
802:
781:
660:
555:
364:
106:
6574:
4444:"For his original research and observation on diseases of animals and man"
4381:"For his distinguished contributions to crystallography and radioactivity"
4275:"For his theory of relativity and his contributions to the quantum theory"
293:"In consideration of his several Experiments performed before the Society"
9981:
9971:
9940:
6749:
5920:
5792:
5642:
5263:
5069:
4224:
4076:
4055:
3992:
3874:"On the ground of the importance of his work in zoology and in pathology"
3420:
3401:
2172:
1982:
1333:
892:
723:
639:
167:
9414:"Oxford DNB article:Hinshelwood, Sir Cyril Norman (subscription needed)"
9183:"Royal Society: Anniversary Address By Sir Robert Robinson, O.M., F.R.S"
4148:"On the ground of his researches in general physiology & biophysics"
3706:"For his researches in spectrum analysis applied to the heavenly bodies"
3324:"For his long continued investigations & discoveries in mathematics"
2755:"For his work on the distribution of heat over the surface of the Earth"
10025:
9961:
6287:"Oxford DNB article:Desaguliers, John Theophilus (subscription needed)"
5963:
5899:
5535:
5411:
4835:
4541:
4520:
4352:
4127:"On the ground of his distinguished researches in mathematical physics"
4098:
1165:
1144:
689:"On account of his curious Experiments and Observations on Electricity"
4402:"For his distinguished researches in optics and terrestrial magnetism"
7384:"Oxford DNB theme: Holders of the Copley Medal (subscription needed)"
4169:"On the ground of his work on the chemistry of carbohydrates, &c"
2492:
2104:
9768:
3072:"For his researches in acoustics, optics, electricity and magnetism"
1482:"For his various Papers on the Properties and Communication of Heat"
137:, who has won the medal three times, more than any other individual.
6819:"Berkshire History: Biographies: Lieut-Col. John Walsh (1726-1795)"
159:
8712:"Oxford DNB article: Hopkins, Sir Frederick (subscription needed)"
7109:"Oxford DNB article: Thompson, Sir Benjamin (subscription needed)"
3536:"For his contributions to the progress of gravitational astronomy"
1687:"For his various Papers printed in the Philosophical Transactions"
9162:"Oxford DNB article:Hill, Archibald Vivian (subscription needed)"
6371:"Oxford DNB article:Middleton, Christopher (subscription needed)"
5077:"In recognition of his pioneering contributions to bacteriology."
3620:"For his eminent services to theoretical & applied chemistry"
3114:"For his experimental researches on the dynamical theory of heat"
9120:"Oxford DNB article:Adrian, Edgar Douglas (subscription needed)"
4242:
1030:"For his Paper, entitled, An Account of a Journey to Mount Etna"
8862:"Oxford DNB article: Haldane, John Scott (subscription needed)"
3452:"For his researches in theoretical optics and electro-dynamics"
2038:
9477:"Emeritus Professor Sir John Cornforth - Alumni & Friends"
6413:"Oxford DNB article:Watson, Sir William (subscription needed)"
5429:
4475:
425:
319:
282:
7004:"John Hunter: 'Founder of Scientific Surgery' - HemOnc Today"
6753:
5511:
4211:"For his researches in radio activity & atomic structure"
3271:
3240:"For his numerous contributions to the science of physiology"
3009:"For his historical and original researches in pure geometry"
7176:"Oxford DNB article:Hatchett, Charles (subscription needed)"
6575:"Oxford DNB article:Pringle, Sir John (subscription needed)"
6350:"Oxford DNB article:Stuart, Alexander (subscription needed)"
7046:"Oxford DNB article:Blagden, Charles (subscription needed)"
6705:"Oxford DNB article:Wilson, Benjamin (subscription needed)"
5345:
5045:
4769:
4327:
3937:"On the ground of his researches in mathematical astronomy"
3884:
1588:
187:
The person awarded the Copley Medal more than any other is
9435:"Oxford DNB article:Chapman, Sydney (subscription needed)"
9204:"Oxford DNB article:Chadwick, James (subscription needed)"
9096:"The Oswald T. Avery Collection: Biographical Information"
7067:"Oxford DNB article:Morgan, William (subscription needed)"
4981:
4960:
3124:
2393:
1862:
60:
to this revision, which may differ significantly from the
9564:"Oxford DNB article:Porter, George (subscription needed)"
9309:"Oxford DNB article:Florey, Howard (subscription needed)"
7088:"Oxford DNB article:Rennell, James (subscription needed)"
6663:"Oxford DNB article:Dollond family (subscription needed)"
6329:"Oxford DNB article:Hales, Stephen (subscription needed)"
6308:"Oxford DNB article:Belchier, John (subscription needed)"
5131:
4664:
4296:"For his distinguished and fruitful work in biochemistry"
3727:"In recognition of his contributions to physical science"
3313:
3208:
2830:
2723:
1676:
9225:"Oxford DNB article:Keilin, David (subscription needed)"
7820:"Oxford DNB article:Brown, Robert (subscription needed)"
6257:"Oxford DNB article:Gray, Stephen (subscription needed)"
5387:
4748:
4685:
4158:
3905:
3853:"For his contributions to chemical and physical science"
3599:"For his researches and discoveries in physical science"
3588:
3334:
3082:
2766:
2744:
2336:"For his work entitled, Theorie du Mouvement de la Lune"
1899:
446:
9543:"Oxford DNB article:Salam, Abdus (subscription needed)"
6642:"Oxford DNB article:Huxham, John (subscription needed)"
6392:"Oxford DNB article:Baker, Henry (subscription needed)"
4727:
4706:
4031:
3968:
3546:
3462:
3103:
2819:"For his researches in comparative anatomy and zoology"
2681:
2418:
2367:
1760:
1655:
9585:"Press Release - James Watson to receive Othmer Medal"
4370:
4306:
4042:"On the ground of his discoveries in physical science"
3926:
3737:
3673:
3483:
3441:
3040:
2808:
2531:
2346:
2263:
62:
9246:"Oxford DNB article:Dirac, Paul(subscription needed)"
6617:"Science and Technology in the Industrial Revolution"
5832:
4559:
4454:
4412:
3061:
2659:
2134:"For his various Communications to the Royal Society"
2112:"For his various Communications to the Royal Society"
8417:"Sir Edward Frankland, English chemist, c 1863-1883"
7610:. The British Society for the History of Mathematics
7608:"The British Society for the History of Mathematics"
6726:"The British Society for the History of Mathematics"
5450:
5174:
4285:
4200:
3863:
3250:
3198:"For his researches on fermentation and on pelerine"
3166:
3145:
2798:"For his various researches in experimental physics"
2596:
1471:
926:
757:
678:
9654:"John Maynard Smith January 6, 1920–April 19, 2004"
5366:
5023:
4917:
4875:
3842:
3630:
3609:
2638:
2510:
2080:
1825:
1718:
1697:
1508:
1242:
1062:
1019:
467:
404:
5982:
5811:
5703:
5553:
5002:
4643:
4622:
4391:
4264:
4137:
4116:
3821:
3695:
3377:
3292:
2574:
2564:"For his various researches in animal electricity"
2553:
2284:
2000:
1388:
1120:
820:
531:
8201:"Chemical News and Journal of Industrial Science"
7314:"PMR: Bicentenary of Four Platinum Group Metals"
7292:"PMR: Bicentenary of Four Platinum Group Metals"
5874:
5853:
5660:
5617:
5596:
5468:
5303:
5217:
5088:
4853:
4790:
4433:
3947:
3651:
3567:
3229:
3019:
2998:
2977:
2325:
2144:
1942:
1409:
1341:"For his Measurement of a Base on Hounslow Heath"
1284:
1263:
1184:
997:
615:
510:
10085:
9770:Awards, lectures and medals of the Royal Society
7197:"British Society for the History of Mathematics"
6025:
5768:
5724:
5682:
5489:
5324:
5281:
5196:
4939:
4896:
4580:
4179:
4010:
4000:"On the ground of his researches in mathematics"
3779:
3758:
3748:"For his brilliant services to chemical science"
3716:
3525:
3504:
3356:
3187:
2956:
2935:
2914:
2893:
2872:
2851:
2787:
2617:
2464:
2190:
2123:
2055:
1803:
1634:
1551:
1530:
1446:
1309:
1040:
699:
594:
573:
383:
340:
8559:"Oxford DNB theme: Holders of the Copley Medal"
5939:
5746:
5238:
5152:
5109:
4811:
4601:
4496:
3895:"On the ground of his investigations in optics"
3800:
3769:"For his contributions to mathematical physics"
2702:
2443:
1781:
1739:
1613:
1221:
976:
799:
778:
657:
552:
361:
256:"For the Experiments he made for the year 1732"
245:
224:
7671:"[[The Gentleman's Magazine]]"
6799:The British Society for the History of Science
6730:British Society for the History of Mathematics
5917:
5789:
5639:
5574:
5260:
5066:
4338:"For his contributions to engineering science"
4221:
4073:
4052:
3989:
3398:
3177:"For his researches in physics and physiology"
2169:
1979:
1921:
1367:
1330:
889:
720:
636:
489:
9754:
7997:"Own, Richard: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences"
6003:
5960:
5896:
5532:
5408:
4832:
4538:
4517:
4349:
4095:
3958:"On the ground of his researches in heredity"
1162:
1141:
1083:
955:
9881:Royal Society University Research Fellowship
7842:"Justus Von Liebig: The Chemical Gatekeeper"
7584:"William Buckland & Reliquae Diluvianae"
4232:"For his researches in mathematical physics"
4190:"For his researches in mathematical physics"
3641:"For his investigations in pure mathematics"
2489:
2101:
1645:"For his Paper on a New Fulminating Mercury"
7410:United States National Agricultural Library
9761:
9747:
9100:United States National Library of Medicine
6551:
6502:
6456:
2692:"For his researches in physical astronomy"
330:"For his experiments made during the year"
70:Revision as of 01:17, 22 February 2009 by
9351:"Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet - Biography"
7452:"Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie (1783–1862)"
4317:"For his distinguished work on neurology"
3431:"For his researches in organic chemistry"
3303:"For his well-known researches upon heat"
8646:"Obituary notice: Horace Tabberer Brown"
8625:"Notes and Records of the Royal Society"
8553:
8551:
8549:
8547:
8545:
8543:
8541:
8539:
8537:
8535:
8533:
8531:
8529:
8527:
8525:
8523:
8521:
8519:
129:
47:
8843:. Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
8606:. National Marine Biological Laboratory
8517:
8515:
8513:
8511:
8509:
8507:
8505:
8503:
8501:
8499:
7930:Amedeo Avogadro, a Scientific Biography
7557:
7555:
7246:"Cooper, Sir Astley Paston (1768-1841)"
6547:
6545:
6452:
6450:
6281:
6279:
6277:
6251:
6249:
6209:"Copley recent winners: 1900 - present"
6104:"Copley recent winners: 1900 - present"
69:
14:
10086:
9814:Royal Society Prizes for Science Books
9700:Italic or bold markup not allowed in:
8817:"George Ellery Hale: Acknowledgements"
7378:
7376:
7374:
7372:
7370:
7368:
7366:
7364:
7362:
7360:
7358:
7356:
7354:
7352:
7350:
7026:Italic or bold markup not allowed in:
6908:
6906:
6904:
6858:
6856:
6684:"Engineering Timelines - John Smeaton"
6179:
6177:
6175:
6132:
6130:
6128:
3424:Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz
2045:"For his Electro-magnetic Discoveries"
9784:Armourers and Brasiers' Company Prize
9742:
8733:"Sir Charles Sherrington - Biography"
7839:
7348:
7346:
7344:
7342:
7340:
7338:
7336:
7334:
7332:
7330:
1990:"For his Experiments on the Pendulum"
199:
176:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
44:
25:
9895:Royal Society Research Professorship
8496:
7552:
7515:"Henry Kater (1777-1835), Scientist"
7449:
7311:
7289:
6542:
6496:
6447:
6274:
6246:
6159:"Copley archive winners 1799 - 1731"
6089:"Copley archive winners 1989 - 1900"
6074:"Copley archive winners 1899 - 1800"
6059:"Copley archive winners 1799 - 1731"
478:"For his Experiments on the Polypus"
17:
8988:"Medal Awards of the Royal Society"
8904:"Sir Arthur Evans, F.R.S: Abstract"
8421:Science and Society Picture Library
6901:
6864:"Stephen Hawking wins Copley Medal"
6853:
6172:
6125:
127:
96:
9925:highest award of the Royal Society
9609:"MRS Website: Award Presentations"
9056:. Archives of Disease in Childhood
9054:"Sir Joseph Barcroft of Cambridge"
7652:. Lake County Astronomical Society
7650:"Lake County Astronomical Society"
7454:. British Society for Rheumatology
7403:
7327:
6774:"Oxford DNB article:Woulfe, Peter"
6230:"All Nobel Laureates in Chemistry"
128:
10115:
9033:"Sir Robert Robinson - Biography"
7219:
56:. The present address (URL) is a
9712:
9670:
9646:
9625:
9601:
9577:
9556:
9535:
9514:
9493:
9469:
9448:
9427:
9406:
9385:
9364:
9343:
9322:
9301:
9280:
9259:
9238:
9217:
9196:
9175:
9154:
9133:
9112:
9088:
9067:
9046:
9025:
9004:
8980:
8959:
8938:
8917:
8896:
8875:
8854:
8833:
8809:
8788:
8767:
8746:
8725:
8704:
8683:
8662:
8638:
8617:
8593:
8572:
8475:
8454:
8433:
8119:. American Philosophical Society
7494:"Sir David Brewster (1781-1868)"
9566:. Oxford University Press. 2004
9545:. Oxford University Press. 2004
9437:. Oxford University Press. 2004
9416:. Oxford University Press. 2004
9311:. Oxford University Press. 2004
9248:. Oxford University Press. 2004
9227:. Oxford University Press. 2004
9206:. Oxford University Press. 2004
9164:. Oxford University Press. 2004
9122:. Oxford University Press. 2004
8864:. Oxford University Press. 2004
8714:. Oxford University Press. 2004
8601:"Obituary: Edwin Ray Lankester"
8561:. Oxford University Press. 2004
8409:
8388:
8367:
8346:
8325:
8304:
8283:
8262:
8241:
8214:
8203:. Journal of Industrial Science
8193:
8172:
8151:
8130:
8109:
8082:
8061:
8037:
8013:
7989:
7968:
7947:
7921:
7900:
7879:
7858:
7833:
7822:. Oxford University Press. 2004
7812:
7788:
7764:
7743:
7722:
7701:
7663:
7642:
7621:
7600:
7576:
7528:
7507:
7486:
7465:
7443:
7422:
7397:
7386:. Oxford University Press. 2004
7305:
7283:
7259:
7238:
7213:
7189:
7178:. Oxford University Press. 2004
7168:
7147:
7126:
7101:
7090:. Oxford University Press. 2004
7080:
7059:
7038:
6996:
6975:
6954:
6930:
6880:
6832:
6811:
6787:
6776:. Oxford University Press. 2004
6766:
6742:
6718:
6707:. Oxford University Press. 2004
6697:
6676:
6665:. Oxford University Press. 2004
6655:
6644:. Oxford University Press. 2004
6634:
6609:
6588:
6577:. Oxford University Press. 2004
6567:
6526:"RCP Heritage - George Edwards"
6518:
6472:
6426:
6415:. Oxford University Press. 2004
6405:
6394:. Oxford University Press. 2004
6384:
6373:. Oxford University Press. 2004
6363:
6352:. Oxford University Press. 2004
6342:
6331:. Oxford University Press. 2004
6310:. Oxford University Press. 2004
6289:. Oxford University Press. 2004
10104:Science and engineering awards
9860:Wilkins-Bernal-Medawar Lecture
8967:"Thomas H. Morgan - Biography"
8097:American Philosophical Society
7271:Hebrew University of Jerusalem
6321:
6300:
6222:
6201:
6151:
2475:Jacques Charles François Sturm
1094:"For his Paper on the Torpedo"
13:
1:
8090:"Darwin and the Copley Medal"
7536:"SpringerLink - Book Chapter"
6918:National Library of Australia
6596:"Franklin_Benjamin biography"
6045:
4246:Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer
10065:UK-Canada Rutherford Lecture
9589:Chemical Heritage Foundation
8925:"Sir Henry Dale - Biography"
8222:"Jean Baptiste Boussingault"
6938:"Friedrich William Herschel"
6821:. Nash Ford Publishing. 2004
6552:Jungnickel, Christa (1996).
6503:Jungnickel, Christa (1996).
6457:Jungnickel, Christa (1996).
7:
9892:Newton Advanced Fellowships
9889:Senior Research Fellowships
9876:Fellow of the Royal Society
9855:Rutherford Memorial Lecture
8798:. The Astrophysical Journal
8775:"William Bragg - Biography"
7517:. National Portrait Gallery
6621:Manchester University Press
6530:Royal College of Physicians
5433:Derek Harold Richard Barton
4479:Charles Thomson Rees Wilson
429:John Theophilus Desaguliers
323:John Theophilus Desaguliers
286:John Theophilus Desaguliers
203:
189:John Theophilus Desaguliers
135:John Theophilus Desaguliers
24:of this page, as edited by
10:
10120:
9809:Royal Society Africa Prize
9635:. University of St Andrews
9613:Materials Research Society
9524:. University of St Andrews
9503:. University of St Andrews
9458:. University of St Andrews
9374:. University of St Andrews
9332:. University of St Andrews
9290:. University of St Andrews
9269:. University of St Andrews
9143:. University of St Andrews
9077:. University of St Andrews
8948:. University of St Andrews
8883:"C.T.R.Wilson - Biography"
8756:. University of St Andrews
8693:. University of St Andrews
8672:. University of St Andrews
8627:. Royal Society Publishing
8582:. University of St Andrews
8485:. University of St Andrews
8464:. University of St Andrews
8443:. University of St Andrews
8398:. University of St Andrews
8377:. University of St Andrews
8356:. University of St Andrews
8335:. University of St Andrews
8314:. University of St Andrews
8293:. University of St Andrews
8272:. University of St Andrews
8251:. University of St Andrews
8182:. University of St Andrews
8161:. University of St Andrews
8140:. University of St Andrews
8117:"Adam Sedgwick Collection"
8071:. University of St Andrews
7978:. University of St Andrews
7957:. University of St Andrews
7910:. University of St Andrews
7889:. University of St Andrews
7868:. University of St Andrews
7846:Cambridge University Press
7840:Brock, William H. (2002).
7772:"Chambers Search Chambers"
7753:. University of St Andrews
7732:. University of St Andrews
7711:. University of St Andrews
7673:. The Gentleman's Magazine
7631:. University of St Andrews
7565:. University of St Andrews
7496:. University of St Andrews
7475:. University of St Andrews
7432:. University of St Andrews
7406:"Early Breeding in Europe"
7157:. University of St Andrews
7136:. University of St Andrews
6964:. University of St Andrews
6890:. University of St Andrews
6868:Trinity College, Cambridge
6842:. University of St Andrews
6598:. University of St Andrews
6436:. University of St Andrews
5515:Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
3275:Jean Baptiste Boussingault
10068:Blackett Memorial Lecture
10005:
9949:
9911:
9868:
9822:
9776:
9678:"Obituary: John A. Pople"
9501:"Chandrasekhar biography"
7069:. Oxford University Press
7048:. Oxford University Press
6138:"The Copley Medal (1731)"
212:
209:
145:is an award given by the
9724:Florida State University
9075:"Taylor_Geoffrey summay"
7800:University of St Andrews
7316:. Platinum Metals Review
7294:. Platinum Metals Review
7227:. University of Arkansas
6942:Florida State University
6484:Florida State University
6189:University of St Andrews
5349:Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin
5049:Cyril Norman Hinshelwood
4773:George Charles De Hevesy
4331:Charles Algernon Parsons
3888:Albert Abraham Michelson
1592:George Shuckburgh-Evelyn
180:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
9850:Rosalind Franklin Award
8333:"Neumann_Franz summary"
8045:"BjS: Academic Lineage"
8025:University of Edinburgh
7693:URL–wikilink conflict (
7588:University of Minnesota
7222:"Edward Charles Howard"
7113:Oxford University Press
6686:. Engineering Timelines
6261:Oxford University Press
4985:Frank Macfarlane Burnet
4964:John Edensor Littlewood
3128:Julius Robert von Mayer
2397:Antoine César Becquerel
1866:Benjamin Collins Brodie
215:
206:
147:Royal Society of London
45:01:17, 22 February 2009
10074:Claude Bernard Lecture
9393:"Sir Hans Adolf Krebs"
7955:"Le Verrier biography"
5135:William Lawrence Bragg
4668:Geoffrey Ingram Taylor
3317:James Joseph Sylvester
3212:August Wilhelm Hofmann
2834:Michel Eugène Chevreul
2727:Alexander von Humboldt
1680:William Hyde Wollaston
178:and 14 winners of the
172:Nobel Prize in Physics
158:, something which the
138:
10051:Tercentenary Lectures
10046:Pilgrim Trust Lecture
9794:Michael Faraday Prize
9789:GlaxoSmithKline Prize
8796:"Sir Arthur Schuster"
8651:. Biochemical Journal
8441:"Weierstrass summary"
7201:University of Warwick
6840:"Maskelyne biography"
5391:Robert Burns Woodward
4752:Archibald Vivian Hill
4689:Oswald Theodore Avery
4162:Horace Tabberer Brown
3909:Alfred Russel Wallace
3592:George Gabriel Stokes
3338:Charles-Adolphe Wurtz
3086:Henri Victor Regnault
2770:Johannes Peter Müller
2748:Heinrich Wilhelm Dove
2404:John Frederic Daniell
2040:Hans Christian Ørsted
1903:William Thomas Brande
450:Christopher Middleton
133:
10071:Humphry Davy Lecture
9898:Industry Fellowships
9481:University of Sydney
9330:"Littlewood summary"
9014:. Cardiology Journal
8946:"Bohr_Niels summary"
8229:Journal of Nutrition
7908:"MacCullagh summary"
4731:Godfrey Harold Hardy
4710:Edgar Douglas Adrian
4035:Joseph John Thompson
3972:George Howard Darwin
3550:Stanislao Cannizzaro
3466:Joseph Dalton Hooker
3107:James Prescott Joule
2685:Peter Andreas Hansen
2422:Carl Friedrich Gauss
2371:Jöns Jakob Berzelius
1764:Thomas Andrew Knight
1659:Astley Paston Cooper
174:, 21 winners of the
170:; 17 winners of the
9840:Leeuwenhoek Lecture
9633:"Lighthill summary"
9395:. nobel-winners.com
9267:"Whittaker summary"
8270:"Sylvester summary"
8180:"Helmholtz summary"
7430:"Troughton Summary"
6985:. Electric Scotland
6211:. The Royal Society
6161:. The Royal Society
6140:. The Royal Society
6106:. The Royal Society
6091:. The Royal Society
6076:. The Royal Society
6061:. The Royal Society
4374:William Henry Bragg
4310:Charles Sherrington
3930:George William Hill
3741:Marcellin Berthelot
3677:Albert von Kolliker
3487:Thomas Henry Huxley
3445:Franz Ernst Neumann
3044:Karl Ernst von Baer
2812:Henri Milne-Edwards
2535:Jean Baptiste Dumas
2350:William Snow Harris
2267:George Biddell Airy
103:← Previous revision
9522:"Atiyah biography"
9372:"Jeffreys summary"
8969:. Nobel Foundation
8927:. Nobel Foundation
8885:. Nobel Foundation
8821:Franklin Institute
8777:. Nobel Foundation
8735:. Nobel Foundation
8462:"Rayleigh summary"
8312:"Thompson summary"
8249:"Clausius summary"
8001:Wiley InterScience
7563:"Herschel summary"
6556:. DIANE publishing
6507:. DIANE publishing
6461:. DIANE publishing
6434:"Robins biography"
5836:John Maynard Smith
4563:Thomas Hunt Morgan
4458:John Scott Haldane
4416:George Ellery Hale
3065:Charles Wheatstone
2663:Roderick Murchison
200:List of recipients
156:Sir Godgery Copley
139:
10081:
10080:
10017:Esso Energy Award
8670:"Larmour summary"
8375:"Newcomb summary"
8159:"Plucker summary"
8138:"Chasles summary"
7751:"Plana biography"
7730:"Poisson summary"
7155:"Attwood summary"
7134:"Ramsden summary"
6043:
6042:
5454:Peter D. Mitchell
5178:Tadeus Reichstein
4289:Frederick Hopkins
4204:Ernest Rutherford
3867:Elias Metchnikoff
3254:James Dwight Dana
3170:Hermann Helmholtz
3149:Friedrich Woehler
2600:Urbain Le Verrier
1475:Benjamin Thompson
930:William Brownrigg
761:Charles Cavendish
682:Benjamin Franklin
10111:
9987:Leverhulme Medal
9887:Leverhulme Trust
9845:Paterson Lecture
9763:
9756:
9749:
9740:
9739:
9734:
9733:
9731:
9730:
9720:"FSU highlights"
9716:
9710:
9709:
9703:
9702:|publisher=
9698:
9696:
9688:
9686:
9685:
9674:
9668:
9667:
9665:
9664:
9650:
9644:
9643:
9641:
9640:
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9619:
9605:
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9596:
9595:
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9553:
9551:
9550:
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9533:
9532:
9530:
9529:
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9512:
9511:
9509:
9508:
9497:
9491:
9490:
9488:
9487:
9473:
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9466:
9464:
9463:
9452:
9446:
9445:
9443:
9442:
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9422:
9421:
9410:
9404:
9403:
9401:
9400:
9389:
9383:
9382:
9380:
9379:
9368:
9362:
9361:
9359:
9358:
9353:. nobelprize.org
9347:
9341:
9340:
9338:
9337:
9326:
9320:
9319:
9317:
9316:
9305:
9299:
9298:
9296:
9295:
9288:"Fisher summary"
9284:
9278:
9277:
9275:
9274:
9263:
9257:
9256:
9254:
9253:
9242:
9236:
9235:
9233:
9232:
9221:
9215:
9214:
9212:
9211:
9200:
9194:
9193:
9191:
9190:
9179:
9173:
9172:
9170:
9169:
9158:
9152:
9151:
9149:
9148:
9137:
9131:
9130:
9128:
9127:
9116:
9110:
9109:
9107:
9106:
9092:
9086:
9085:
9083:
9082:
9071:
9065:
9064:
9062:
9061:
9050:
9044:
9043:
9041:
9040:
9035:. nobelprize.org
9029:
9023:
9022:
9020:
9019:
9008:
9002:
9001:
8999:
8998:
8984:
8978:
8977:
8975:
8974:
8963:
8957:
8956:
8954:
8953:
8942:
8936:
8935:
8933:
8932:
8921:
8915:
8914:
8912:
8911:
8900:
8894:
8893:
8891:
8890:
8879:
8873:
8872:
8870:
8869:
8858:
8852:
8851:
8849:
8848:
8837:
8831:
8830:
8828:
8827:
8813:
8807:
8806:
8804:
8803:
8792:
8786:
8785:
8783:
8782:
8771:
8765:
8764:
8762:
8761:
8754:"Planck summary"
8750:
8744:
8743:
8741:
8740:
8729:
8723:
8722:
8720:
8719:
8708:
8702:
8701:
8699:
8698:
8687:
8681:
8680:
8678:
8677:
8666:
8660:
8659:
8657:
8656:
8650:
8642:
8636:
8635:
8633:
8632:
8621:
8615:
8614:
8612:
8611:
8605:
8597:
8591:
8590:
8588:
8587:
8576:
8570:
8569:
8567:
8566:
8555:
8494:
8493:
8491:
8490:
8479:
8473:
8472:
8470:
8469:
8458:
8452:
8451:
8449:
8448:
8437:
8431:
8430:
8428:
8427:
8413:
8407:
8406:
8404:
8403:
8396:"Stokes summary"
8392:
8386:
8385:
8383:
8382:
8371:
8365:
8364:
8362:
8361:
8354:"Salmon summary"
8350:
8344:
8343:
8341:
8340:
8329:
8323:
8322:
8320:
8319:
8308:
8302:
8301:
8299:
8298:
8291:"Cayley summary"
8287:
8281:
8280:
8278:
8277:
8266:
8260:
8259:
8257:
8256:
8245:
8239:
8238:
8236:
8235:
8226:
8218:
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8211:
8209:
8208:
8197:
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8190:
8188:
8187:
8176:
8170:
8169:
8167:
8166:
8155:
8149:
8148:
8146:
8145:
8134:
8128:
8127:
8125:
8124:
8113:
8107:
8106:
8104:
8103:
8094:
8086:
8080:
8079:
8077:
8076:
8065:
8059:
8058:
8056:
8055:
8041:
8035:
8034:
8032:
8031:
8017:
8011:
8010:
8008:
8007:
7993:
7987:
7986:
7984:
7983:
7972:
7966:
7965:
7963:
7962:
7951:
7945:
7944:
7942:
7941:
7925:
7919:
7918:
7916:
7915:
7904:
7898:
7897:
7895:
7894:
7883:
7877:
7876:
7874:
7873:
7862:
7856:
7855:
7853:
7852:
7837:
7831:
7830:
7828:
7827:
7816:
7810:
7809:
7807:
7806:
7792:
7786:
7785:
7783:
7782:
7768:
7762:
7761:
7759:
7758:
7747:
7741:
7740:
7738:
7737:
7726:
7720:
7719:
7717:
7716:
7705:
7699:
7698:
7691:
7689:
7681:
7679:
7678:
7667:
7661:
7660:
7658:
7657:
7646:
7640:
7639:
7637:
7636:
7625:
7619:
7618:
7616:
7615:
7604:
7598:
7597:
7595:
7594:
7580:
7574:
7573:
7571:
7570:
7559:
7550:
7549:
7547:
7546:
7532:
7526:
7525:
7523:
7522:
7511:
7505:
7504:
7502:
7501:
7490:
7484:
7483:
7481:
7480:
7469:
7463:
7462:
7460:
7459:
7447:
7441:
7440:
7438:
7437:
7426:
7420:
7419:
7417:
7416:
7401:
7395:
7394:
7392:
7391:
7380:
7325:
7324:
7322:
7321:
7309:
7303:
7302:
7300:
7299:
7287:
7281:
7280:
7278:
7277:
7263:
7257:
7256:
7254:
7253:
7242:
7236:
7235:
7233:
7232:
7226:
7217:
7211:
7210:
7208:
7207:
7193:
7187:
7186:
7184:
7183:
7172:
7166:
7165:
7163:
7162:
7151:
7145:
7144:
7142:
7141:
7130:
7124:
7123:
7121:
7120:
7105:
7099:
7098:
7096:
7095:
7084:
7078:
7077:
7075:
7074:
7063:
7057:
7056:
7054:
7053:
7042:
7036:
7035:
7029:
7028:|publisher=
7024:
7022:
7014:
7012:
7011:
7000:
6994:
6993:
6991:
6990:
6979:
6973:
6972:
6970:
6969:
6962:"Waring summary"
6958:
6952:
6951:
6949:
6948:
6934:
6928:
6927:
6925:
6924:
6910:
6899:
6898:
6896:
6895:
6888:"Hutton summary"
6884:
6878:
6877:
6875:
6874:
6860:
6851:
6850:
6848:
6847:
6836:
6830:
6829:
6827:
6826:
6815:
6809:
6808:
6806:
6805:
6791:
6785:
6784:
6782:
6781:
6770:
6764:
6763:
6761:
6760:
6746:
6740:
6739:
6737:
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6722:
6716:
6715:
6713:
6712:
6701:
6695:
6694:
6692:
6691:
6680:
6674:
6673:
6671:
6670:
6659:
6653:
6652:
6650:
6649:
6638:
6632:
6631:
6629:
6628:
6613:
6607:
6606:
6604:
6603:
6592:
6586:
6585:
6583:
6582:
6571:
6565:
6564:
6562:
6561:
6549:
6540:
6539:
6537:
6536:
6522:
6516:
6515:
6513:
6512:
6500:
6494:
6493:
6491:
6490:
6476:
6470:
6469:
6467:
6466:
6454:
6445:
6444:
6442:
6441:
6430:
6424:
6423:
6421:
6420:
6409:
6403:
6402:
6400:
6399:
6388:
6382:
6381:
6379:
6378:
6367:
6361:
6360:
6358:
6357:
6346:
6340:
6339:
6337:
6336:
6325:
6319:
6318:
6316:
6315:
6304:
6298:
6297:
6295:
6294:
6283:
6272:
6271:
6269:
6268:
6253:
6244:
6243:
6241:
6240:
6234:Nobel Foundation
6226:
6220:
6219:
6217:
6216:
6205:
6199:
6198:
6196:
6195:
6181:
6170:
6169:
6167:
6166:
6155:
6149:
6148:
6146:
6145:
6134:
6114:
6112:
6111:
6099:
6097:
6096:
6084:
6082:
6081:
6069:
6067:
6066:
6033:
6032:
6031:
6011:
6010:
6009:
5990:
5989:
5988:
5968:
5967:
5966:
5947:
5946:
5945:
5925:
5924:
5923:
5904:
5903:
5902:
5882:
5881:
5880:
5861:
5860:
5859:
5840:
5839:
5838:
5819:
5818:
5817:
5797:
5796:
5795:
5776:
5775:
5774:
5754:
5753:
5752:
5732:
5731:
5730:
5711:
5710:
5709:
5690:
5689:
5688:
5668:
5667:
5666:
5647:
5646:
5645:
5625:
5624:
5623:
5604:
5603:
5602:
5582:
5581:
5580:
5561:
5560:
5559:
5540:
5539:
5538:
5519:
5518:
5517:
5497:
5496:
5495:
5476:
5475:
5474:
5458:
5457:
5456:
5437:
5436:
5435:
5416:
5415:
5414:
5395:
5394:
5393:
5374:
5373:
5372:
5370:Frederick Sanger
5353:
5352:
5351:
5332:
5331:
5330:
5311:
5310:
5309:
5289:
5288:
5287:
5268:
5267:
5266:
5246:
5245:
5244:
5225:
5224:
5223:
5204:
5203:
5202:
5182:
5181:
5180:
5160:
5159:
5158:
5139:
5138:
5137:
5117:
5116:
5115:
5096:
5095:
5094:
5074:
5073:
5072:
5053:
5052:
5051:
5031:
5030:
5029:
5027:Hans Adolf Krebs
5010:
5009:
5008:
4989:
4988:
4987:
4968:
4967:
4966:
4947:
4946:
4945:
4925:
4924:
4923:
4921:Patrick Blackett
4904:
4903:
4902:
4883:
4882:
4881:
4879:Edmund Whittaker
4861:
4860:
4859:
4840:
4839:
4838:
4819:
4818:
4817:
4798:
4797:
4796:
4777:
4776:
4775:
4756:
4755:
4754:
4735:
4734:
4733:
4714:
4713:
4712:
4693:
4692:
4691:
4672:
4671:
4670:
4651:
4650:
4649:
4630:
4629:
4628:
4609:
4608:
4607:
4588:
4587:
4586:
4567:
4566:
4565:
4546:
4545:
4544:
4525:
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4504:
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4483:
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4462:
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4460:
4441:
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4439:
4420:
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4399:
4398:
4397:
4378:
4377:
4376:
4357:
4356:
4355:
4335:
4334:
4333:
4314:
4313:
4312:
4293:
4292:
4291:
4272:
4271:
4270:
4250:
4249:
4248:
4229:
4228:
4227:
4208:
4207:
4206:
4187:
4186:
4185:
4166:
4165:
4164:
4145:
4144:
4143:
4124:
4123:
4122:
4103:
4102:
4101:
4081:
4080:
4079:
4060:
4059:
4058:
4039:
4038:
4037:
4018:
4017:
4016:
3997:
3996:
3995:
3976:
3975:
3974:
3955:
3954:
3953:
3934:
3933:
3932:
3913:
3912:
3911:
3892:
3891:
3890:
3871:
3870:
3869:
3850:
3849:
3848:
3846:Dmitri Mendeleev
3829:
3828:
3827:
3808:
3807:
3806:
3787:
3786:
3785:
3766:
3765:
3764:
3745:
3744:
3743:
3724:
3723:
3722:
3703:
3702:
3701:
3681:
3680:
3679:
3659:
3658:
3657:
3638:
3637:
3636:
3634:Karl Weierstrass
3617:
3616:
3615:
3613:Edward Frankland
3596:
3595:
3594:
3575:
3574:
3573:
3554:
3553:
3552:
3533:
3532:
3531:
3512:
3511:
3510:
3491:
3490:
3489:
3470:
3469:
3468:
3449:
3448:
3447:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3406:
3405:
3404:
3385:
3384:
3383:
3364:
3363:
3362:
3342:
3341:
3340:
3321:
3320:
3319:
3300:
3299:
3298:
3279:
3278:
3277:
3258:
3257:
3256:
3237:
3236:
3235:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3195:
3194:
3193:
3174:
3173:
3172:
3153:
3152:
3151:
3132:
3131:
3130:
3111:
3110:
3109:
3090:
3089:
3088:
3069:
3068:
3067:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3027:
3026:
3025:
3006:
3005:
3004:
2985:
2984:
2983:
2964:
2963:
2962:
2943:
2942:
2941:
2922:
2921:
2920:
2901:
2900:
2899:
2880:
2879:
2878:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2838:
2837:
2836:
2816:
2815:
2814:
2795:
2794:
2793:
2774:
2773:
2772:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2731:
2730:
2729:
2710:
2709:
2708:
2689:
2688:
2687:
2667:
2666:
2665:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2642:John Couch Adams
2625:
2624:
2623:
2604:
2603:
2602:
2582:
2581:
2580:
2561:
2560:
2559:
2539:
2538:
2537:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2514:James MacCullagh
2497:
2496:
2495:
2472:
2471:
2470:
2451:
2450:
2449:
2426:
2425:
2424:
2401:
2400:
2399:
2375:
2374:
2373:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2333:
2332:
2331:
2292:
2291:
2290:
2271:
2270:
2269:
2198:
2197:
2196:
2177:
2176:
2175:
2152:
2151:
2150:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2088:
2087:
2086:
2084:William Buckland
2063:
2062:
2061:
2042:
2008:
2007:
2006:
1987:
1986:
1985:
1950:
1949:
1948:
1929:
1928:
1927:
1907:
1906:
1905:
1870:
1869:
1868:
1833:
1832:
1831:
1829:Edward Troughton
1811:
1810:
1809:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1747:
1746:
1745:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1722:Smithson Tennant
1705:
1704:
1703:
1701:Richard Chenevix
1684:
1683:
1682:
1663:
1662:
1661:
1642:
1641:
1640:
1621:
1620:
1619:
1599:Charles Hatchett
1596:
1595:
1594:
1559:
1558:
1557:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1516:
1515:
1514:
1512:Alessandro Volta
1479:
1478:
1477:
1457:Jean-André Deluc
1454:
1453:
1452:
1417:
1416:
1415:
1396:
1395:
1394:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1338:
1337:
1336:
1317:
1316:
1315:
1292:
1291:
1290:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1246:William Herschel
1229:
1228:
1227:
1192:
1191:
1190:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1149:
1148:
1147:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1066:Joseph Priestley
1048:
1047:
1046:
1027:
1026:
1025:
1023:William Hamilton
1005:
1004:
1003:
984:
983:
982:
963:
962:
961:
934:
933:
932:
897:
896:
895:
828:
827:
826:
807:
806:
805:
786:
785:
784:
765:
764:
763:
728:
727:
726:
707:
706:
705:
686:
685:
684:
665:
664:
663:
644:
643:
642:
623:
622:
621:
602:
601:
600:
581:
580:
579:
560:
559:
558:
539:
538:
537:
518:
517:
516:
497:
496:
495:
475:
474:
473:
471:Abraham Trembley
454:
453:
452:
433:
432:
431:
412:
411:
410:
408:Alexander Stuart
391:
390:
389:
369:
368:
367:
348:
347:
346:
327:
326:
325:
290:
289:
288:
253:
252:
251:
232:
231:
230:
204:
184:Frederick Sanger
182:. These include
115:Newer revision →
93:
86:
65:
63:current revision
55:
54:
46:
42:
41:
10119:
10118:
10114:
10113:
10112:
10110:
10109:
10108:
10084:
10083:
10082:
10077:
10061:Microsoft Award
10056:Wilkins Lecture
10041:Philips Lecture
10031:Medawar Lecture
10006:Previous awards
10001:
9997:Sylvester Medal
9945:
9913:
9907:
9902:Dorothy Hodgkin
9864:
9835:Ferrier Lecture
9818:
9772:
9767:
9737:
9728:
9726:
9718:
9717:
9713:
9701:
9699:
9690:
9689:
9683:
9681:
9676:
9675:
9671:
9662:
9660:
9652:
9651:
9647:
9638:
9636:
9631:
9630:
9626:
9617:
9615:
9607:
9606:
9602:
9593:
9591:
9583:
9582:
9578:
9569:
9567:
9562:
9561:
9557:
9548:
9546:
9541:
9540:
9536:
9527:
9525:
9520:
9519:
9515:
9506:
9504:
9499:
9498:
9494:
9485:
9483:
9475:
9474:
9470:
9461:
9459:
9456:"Hodge summary"
9454:
9453:
9449:
9440:
9438:
9433:
9432:
9428:
9419:
9417:
9412:
9411:
9407:
9398:
9396:
9391:
9390:
9386:
9377:
9375:
9370:
9369:
9365:
9356:
9354:
9349:
9348:
9344:
9335:
9333:
9328:
9327:
9323:
9314:
9312:
9307:
9306:
9302:
9293:
9291:
9286:
9285:
9281:
9272:
9270:
9265:
9264:
9260:
9251:
9249:
9244:
9243:
9239:
9230:
9228:
9223:
9222:
9218:
9209:
9207:
9202:
9201:
9197:
9188:
9186:
9181:
9180:
9176:
9167:
9165:
9160:
9159:
9155:
9146:
9144:
9141:"Hardy summary"
9139:
9138:
9134:
9125:
9123:
9118:
9117:
9113:
9104:
9102:
9094:
9093:
9089:
9080:
9078:
9073:
9072:
9068:
9059:
9057:
9052:
9051:
9047:
9038:
9036:
9031:
9030:
9026:
9017:
9015:
9010:
9009:
9005:
8996:
8994:
8986:
8985:
8981:
8972:
8970:
8965:
8964:
8960:
8951:
8949:
8944:
8943:
8939:
8930:
8928:
8923:
8922:
8918:
8909:
8907:
8902:
8901:
8897:
8888:
8886:
8881:
8880:
8876:
8867:
8865:
8860:
8859:
8855:
8846:
8844:
8839:
8838:
8834:
8825:
8823:
8815:
8814:
8810:
8801:
8799:
8794:
8793:
8789:
8780:
8778:
8773:
8772:
8768:
8759:
8757:
8752:
8751:
8747:
8738:
8736:
8731:
8730:
8726:
8717:
8715:
8710:
8709:
8705:
8696:
8694:
8689:
8688:
8684:
8675:
8673:
8668:
8667:
8663:
8654:
8652:
8648:
8644:
8643:
8639:
8630:
8628:
8623:
8622:
8618:
8609:
8607:
8603:
8599:
8598:
8594:
8585:
8583:
8580:"Klein summary"
8578:
8577:
8573:
8564:
8562:
8557:
8556:
8497:
8488:
8486:
8483:"Gibbs summary"
8481:
8480:
8476:
8467:
8465:
8460:
8459:
8455:
8446:
8444:
8439:
8438:
8434:
8425:
8423:
8415:
8414:
8410:
8401:
8399:
8394:
8393:
8389:
8380:
8378:
8373:
8372:
8368:
8359:
8357:
8352:
8351:
8347:
8338:
8336:
8331:
8330:
8326:
8317:
8315:
8310:
8309:
8305:
8296:
8294:
8289:
8288:
8284:
8275:
8273:
8268:
8267:
8263:
8254:
8252:
8247:
8246:
8242:
8233:
8231:
8224:
8220:
8219:
8215:
8206:
8204:
8199:
8198:
8194:
8185:
8183:
8178:
8177:
8173:
8164:
8162:
8157:
8156:
8152:
8143:
8141:
8136:
8135:
8131:
8122:
8120:
8115:
8114:
8110:
8101:
8099:
8092:
8088:
8087:
8083:
8074:
8072:
8069:"Weber summary"
8067:
8066:
8062:
8053:
8051:
8049:Yale University
8043:
8042:
8038:
8029:
8027:
8019:
8018:
8014:
8005:
8003:
7995:
7994:
7990:
7981:
7979:
7976:"Adams summary"
7974:
7973:
7969:
7960:
7958:
7953:
7952:
7948:
7939:
7937:
7927:
7926:
7922:
7913:
7911:
7906:
7905:
7901:
7892:
7890:
7887:"Ohm biography"
7885:
7884:
7880:
7871:
7869:
7866:"Sturm summary"
7864:
7863:
7859:
7850:
7848:
7838:
7834:
7825:
7823:
7818:
7817:
7813:
7804:
7802:
7796:"Gauss summary"
7794:
7793:
7789:
7780:
7778:
7776:Chambers Harrap
7770:
7769:
7765:
7756:
7754:
7749:
7748:
7744:
7735:
7733:
7728:
7727:
7723:
7714:
7712:
7707:
7706:
7702:
7692:
7683:
7682:
7676:
7674:
7669:
7668:
7664:
7655:
7653:
7648:
7647:
7643:
7634:
7632:
7629:"Arago summary"
7627:
7626:
7622:
7613:
7611:
7606:
7605:
7601:
7592:
7590:
7582:
7581:
7577:
7568:
7566:
7561:
7560:
7553:
7544:
7542:
7534:
7533:
7529:
7520:
7518:
7513:
7512:
7508:
7499:
7497:
7492:
7491:
7487:
7478:
7476:
7473:"Ivory summary"
7471:
7470:
7466:
7457:
7455:
7450:Buchanan, W.W.
7448:
7444:
7435:
7433:
7428:
7427:
7423:
7414:
7412:
7402:
7398:
7389:
7387:
7382:
7381:
7328:
7319:
7317:
7310:
7306:
7297:
7295:
7288:
7284:
7275:
7273:
7265:
7264:
7260:
7251:
7249:
7244:
7243:
7239:
7230:
7228:
7224:
7218:
7214:
7205:
7203:
7195:
7194:
7190:
7181:
7179:
7174:
7173:
7169:
7160:
7158:
7153:
7152:
7148:
7139:
7137:
7132:
7131:
7127:
7118:
7116:
7107:
7106:
7102:
7093:
7091:
7086:
7085:
7081:
7072:
7070:
7065:
7064:
7060:
7051:
7049:
7044:
7043:
7039:
7027:
7025:
7016:
7015:
7009:
7007:
7002:
7001:
6997:
6988:
6986:
6981:
6980:
6976:
6967:
6965:
6960:
6959:
6955:
6946:
6944:
6936:
6935:
6931:
6922:
6920:
6912:
6911:
6902:
6893:
6891:
6886:
6885:
6881:
6872:
6870:
6862:
6861:
6854:
6845:
6843:
6838:
6837:
6833:
6824:
6822:
6817:
6816:
6812:
6803:
6801:
6793:
6792:
6788:
6779:
6777:
6772:
6771:
6767:
6758:
6756:
6748:
6747:
6743:
6734:
6732:
6724:
6723:
6719:
6710:
6708:
6703:
6702:
6698:
6689:
6687:
6682:
6681:
6677:
6668:
6666:
6661:
6660:
6656:
6647:
6645:
6640:
6639:
6635:
6626:
6624:
6615:
6614:
6610:
6601:
6599:
6594:
6593:
6589:
6580:
6578:
6573:
6572:
6568:
6559:
6557:
6550:
6543:
6534:
6532:
6524:
6523:
6519:
6510:
6508:
6501:
6497:
6488:
6486:
6478:
6477:
6473:
6464:
6462:
6455:
6448:
6439:
6437:
6432:
6431:
6427:
6418:
6416:
6411:
6410:
6406:
6397:
6395:
6390:
6389:
6385:
6376:
6374:
6369:
6368:
6364:
6355:
6353:
6348:
6347:
6343:
6334:
6332:
6327:
6326:
6322:
6313:
6311:
6306:
6305:
6301:
6292:
6290:
6285:
6284:
6275:
6266:
6264:
6255:
6254:
6247:
6238:
6236:
6228:
6227:
6223:
6214:
6212:
6207:
6206:
6202:
6193:
6191:
6183:
6182:
6173:
6164:
6162:
6157:
6156:
6152:
6143:
6141:
6136:
6135:
6126:
6122:
6109:
6107:
6102:
6094:
6092:
6087:
6079:
6077:
6072:
6064:
6062:
6057:
6048:
6027:
6026:
6005:
6004:
5986:Stephen Hawking
5984:
5983:
5962:
5961:
5941:
5940:
5919:
5918:
5898:
5897:
5876:
5875:
5855:
5854:
5834:
5833:
5815:James Lighthill
5813:
5812:
5791:
5790:
5770:
5769:
5748:
5747:
5726:
5725:
5707:James D. Watson
5705:
5704:
5684:
5683:
5662:
5661:
5641:
5640:
5619:
5618:
5598:
5597:
5576:
5575:
5557:Rudolph Peierls
5555:
5554:
5534:
5533:
5513:
5512:
5491:
5490:
5470:
5469:
5452:
5451:
5431:
5430:
5410:
5409:
5389:
5388:
5368:
5367:
5347:
5346:
5326:
5325:
5305:
5304:
5283:
5282:
5262:
5261:
5240:
5239:
5219:
5218:
5198:
5197:
5176:
5175:
5154:
5153:
5133:
5132:
5111:
5110:
5090:
5089:
5068:
5067:
5047:
5046:
5025:
5024:
5006:Harold Jeffreys
5004:
5003:
4983:
4982:
4962:
4961:
4941:
4940:
4919:
4918:
4898:
4897:
4877:
4876:
4855:
4854:
4834:
4833:
4813:
4812:
4792:
4791:
4771:
4770:
4750:
4749:
4729:
4728:
4708:
4707:
4687:
4686:
4666:
4665:
4647:Joseph Barcroft
4645:
4644:
4626:Robert Robinson
4624:
4623:
4603:
4602:
4582:
4581:
4561:
4560:
4540:
4539:
4519:
4518:
4498:
4497:
4477:
4476:
4456:
4455:
4435:
4434:
4414:
4413:
4395:Arthur Schuster
4393:
4392:
4372:
4371:
4351:
4350:
4329:
4328:
4308:
4307:
4287:
4286:
4268:Albert Einstein
4266:
4265:
4244:
4243:
4223:
4222:
4202:
4201:
4181:
4180:
4160:
4159:
4141:William Bayliss
4139:
4138:
4120:Hendrik Lorentz
4118:
4117:
4097:
4096:
4075:
4074:
4054:
4053:
4033:
4032:
4012:
4011:
3991:
3990:
3970:
3969:
3949:
3948:
3928:
3927:
3907:
3906:
3886:
3885:
3865:
3864:
3844:
3843:
3825:William Crookes
3823:
3822:
3802:
3801:
3781:
3780:
3760:
3759:
3739:
3738:
3718:
3717:
3699:William Huggins
3697:
3696:
3675:
3674:
3653:
3652:
3632:
3631:
3611:
3610:
3590:
3589:
3569:
3568:
3548:
3547:
3527:
3526:
3506:
3505:
3485:
3484:
3464:
3463:
3443:
3442:
3422:
3421:
3400:
3399:
3381:William Thomson
3379:
3378:
3358:
3357:
3336:
3335:
3315:
3314:
3296:Rudolf Clausius
3294:
3293:
3273:
3272:
3252:
3251:
3231:
3230:
3210:
3209:
3189:
3188:
3168:
3167:
3147:
3146:
3126:
3125:
3105:
3104:
3084:
3083:
3063:
3062:
3042:
3041:
3021:
3020:
3000:
2999:
2979:
2978:
2958:
2957:
2937:
2936:
2916:
2915:
2895:
2894:
2874:
2873:
2853:
2852:
2832:
2831:
2810:
2809:
2789:
2788:
2768:
2767:
2746:
2745:
2725:
2724:
2704:
2703:
2683:
2682:
2661:
2660:
2640:
2639:
2619:
2618:
2598:
2597:
2578:Theodor Schwann
2576:
2575:
2557:Carlo Matteucci
2555:
2554:
2533:
2532:
2512:
2511:
2491:
2490:
2466:
2465:
2445:
2444:
2429:Michael Faraday
2420:
2419:
2395:
2394:
2378:Francis Kiernan
2369:
2368:
2348:
2347:
2327:
2326:
2288:Michael Faraday
2286:
2285:
2265:
2264:
2192:
2191:
2171:
2170:
2146:
2145:
2125:
2124:
2103:
2102:
2082:
2081:
2057:
2056:
2004:Robert Seppings
2002:
2001:
1981:
1980:
1944:
1943:
1923:
1922:
1901:
1900:
1864:
1863:
1827:
1826:
1805:
1804:
1783:
1782:
1762:
1761:
1741:
1740:
1720:
1719:
1699:
1698:
1678:
1677:
1657:
1656:
1636:
1635:
1615:
1614:
1590:
1589:
1553:
1552:
1532:
1531:
1510:
1509:
1473:
1472:
1448:
1447:
1411:
1410:
1392:Charles Blagden
1390:
1389:
1369:
1368:
1332:
1331:
1311:
1310:
1295:Thomas Hutchins
1286:
1285:
1265:
1264:
1244:
1243:
1223:
1222:
1186:
1185:
1164:
1163:
1143:
1142:
1124:Nevil Maskelyne
1122:
1121:
1085:
1084:
1064:
1063:
1042:
1041:
1021:
1020:
999:
998:
978:
977:
957:
956:
941:Henry Cavendish
928:
927:
891:
890:
824:Benjamin Wilson
822:
821:
801:
800:
780:
779:
759:
758:
722:
721:
701:
700:
680:
679:
659:
658:
638:
637:
617:
616:
596:
595:
575:
574:
554:
553:
535:Benjamin Robins
533:
532:
512:
511:
491:
490:
469:
468:
448:
447:
427:
426:
406:
405:
385:
384:
363:
362:
342:
341:
321:
320:
284:
283:
247:
246:
226:
225:
202:
126:
125:
124:
123:
122:
107:Latest revision
95:
94:
87:
76:
74:
61:
48:
31:
29:
12:
11:
5:
10117:
10107:
10106:
10101:
10096:
10094:British awards
10079:
10078:
10076:
10075:
10072:
10069:
10066:
10063:
10058:
10053:
10048:
10043:
10038:
10033:
10028:
10023:
10021:Florey Lecture
10018:
10015:
10013:Bernal Lecture
10009:
10007:
10003:
10002:
10000:
9999:
9994:
9989:
9984:
9979:
9974:
9969:
9967:Buchanan Medal
9964:
9959:
9953:
9951:
9947:
9946:
9944:
9943:
9938:
9936:Croonian Medal
9933:
9931:Bakerian Medal
9928:
9917:
9915:
9909:
9908:
9906:
9905:
9899:
9896:
9893:
9890:
9885:Royal Society
9883:
9878:
9872:
9870:
9866:
9865:
9863:
9862:
9857:
9852:
9847:
9842:
9837:
9832:
9826:
9824:
9823:Prize lectures
9820:
9819:
9817:
9816:
9811:
9806:
9801:
9796:
9791:
9786:
9780:
9778:
9774:
9773:
9766:
9765:
9758:
9751:
9743:
9736:
9735:
9711:
9680:. The Observer
9669:
9645:
9624:
9600:
9576:
9555:
9534:
9513:
9492:
9468:
9447:
9426:
9405:
9384:
9363:
9342:
9321:
9300:
9279:
9258:
9237:
9216:
9195:
9174:
9153:
9132:
9111:
9087:
9066:
9045:
9024:
9012:"Thomas Lewis"
9003:
8979:
8958:
8937:
8916:
8895:
8874:
8853:
8832:
8808:
8787:
8766:
8745:
8724:
8703:
8691:"Lamb summary"
8682:
8661:
8637:
8616:
8592:
8571:
8495:
8474:
8453:
8432:
8408:
8387:
8366:
8345:
8324:
8303:
8282:
8261:
8240:
8213:
8192:
8171:
8150:
8129:
8108:
8081:
8060:
8036:
8012:
7988:
7967:
7946:
7920:
7899:
7878:
7857:
7832:
7811:
7787:
7763:
7742:
7721:
7709:"Airy summary"
7700:
7662:
7641:
7620:
7599:
7575:
7551:
7527:
7506:
7485:
7464:
7442:
7421:
7396:
7326:
7312:Griffith, WP.
7304:
7290:Griffith, WP.
7282:
7258:
7237:
7220:Sears, Derek.
7212:
7188:
7167:
7146:
7125:
7100:
7079:
7058:
7037:
7006:. HemOnc Today
6995:
6974:
6953:
6929:
6900:
6879:
6852:
6831:
6810:
6786:
6765:
6741:
6717:
6696:
6675:
6654:
6633:
6608:
6587:
6566:
6541:
6517:
6495:
6471:
6446:
6425:
6404:
6383:
6362:
6341:
6320:
6299:
6273:
6245:
6221:
6200:
6185:"Copley Medal"
6171:
6150:
6123:
6116:
6115:
6100:
6085:
6070:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6041:
6040:
6037:
6034:
6023:
6019:
6018:
6015:
6012:
6001:
5997:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5980:
5976:
5975:
5972:
5969:
5958:
5954:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5937:
5933:
5932:
5929:
5926:
5915:
5911:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5894:
5890:
5889:
5886:
5883:
5878:Jacques Miller
5872:
5868:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5857:Alan Battersby
5851:
5847:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5830:
5826:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5809:
5805:
5804:
5801:
5798:
5787:
5783:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5766:
5762:
5761:
5758:
5755:
5744:
5740:
5739:
5736:
5733:
5722:
5718:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5701:
5697:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5680:
5676:
5675:
5672:
5669:
5664:Sydney Brenner
5658:
5654:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5637:
5633:
5632:
5629:
5626:
5621:Cesar Milstein
5615:
5611:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5600:Michael Atiyah
5594:
5590:
5589:
5586:
5583:
5572:
5568:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5551:
5547:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5530:
5526:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5509:
5505:
5504:
5501:
5498:
5487:
5483:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5472:John Cornforth
5466:
5462:
5461:
5459:
5448:
5444:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5427:
5423:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5406:
5402:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5385:
5381:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5364:
5360:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5343:
5339:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5322:
5318:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5307:W. V. D. Hodge
5301:
5297:
5296:
5293:
5290:
5279:
5275:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5258:
5254:
5253:
5250:
5247:
5236:
5232:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5221:Alexander Todd
5215:
5211:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5194:
5190:
5189:
5186:
5183:
5172:
5168:
5167:
5164:
5161:
5150:
5146:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5129:
5125:
5124:
5121:
5118:
5107:
5103:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5092:Sydney Chapman
5086:
5082:
5081:
5078:
5075:
5064:
5060:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5043:
5039:
5038:
5035:
5032:
5021:
5017:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5000:
4996:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4979:
4975:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4958:
4954:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4937:
4933:
4932:
4929:
4926:
4915:
4911:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4894:
4890:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4873:
4869:
4868:
4865:
4862:
4857:Albert Kluyver
4851:
4847:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4830:
4826:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4809:
4805:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4794:James Chadwick
4788:
4784:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4767:
4763:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4746:
4742:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4725:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4704:
4700:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4683:
4679:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4662:
4658:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4641:
4637:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4620:
4616:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4599:
4595:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4578:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4557:
4553:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4536:
4532:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4515:
4511:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4494:
4490:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4473:
4469:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4452:
4448:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4437:Theobald Smith
4431:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4410:
4406:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4389:
4385:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4368:
4364:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4347:
4343:
4342:
4339:
4336:
4325:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4304:
4300:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4283:
4279:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4262:
4258:
4257:
4254:
4251:
4240:
4236:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4219:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4198:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4177:
4173:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4156:
4152:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4135:
4131:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4114:
4110:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4093:
4089:
4088:
4085:
4082:
4071:
4067:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4050:
4046:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4029:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4008:
4004:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3987:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3966:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3951:Francis Galton
3945:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3924:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3903:
3899:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3882:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3861:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3840:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3819:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3798:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3777:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3756:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3735:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3714:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3693:
3689:
3688:
3685:
3682:
3671:
3667:
3666:
3663:
3660:
3655:Karl Gegenbaur
3649:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3628:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3607:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3586:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3571:Rudolf Virchow
3565:
3561:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3544:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3523:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3502:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3481:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3460:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3439:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3418:
3414:
3413:
3410:
3407:
3396:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3375:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3354:
3350:
3349:
3346:
3343:
3332:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3311:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3290:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3269:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3248:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3233:Claude Bernard
3227:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3206:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3185:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3164:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3143:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3122:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3101:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3080:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3059:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3038:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3023:Julius Plücker
3017:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3002:Michel Chasles
2996:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2981:Charles Darwin
2975:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2954:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2933:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2912:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2891:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2870:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2849:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2828:
2824:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2806:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2785:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2764:
2760:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2742:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2721:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2700:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2679:
2675:
2674:
2671:
2668:
2657:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2636:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2615:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2594:
2590:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2572:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2551:
2547:
2546:
2543:
2540:
2529:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2508:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2487:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2462:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2441:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2416:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2391:
2387:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2365:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2344:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2329:Giovanni Plana
2323:
2319:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2307:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:Simeon Poisson
2282:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2261:
2257:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2245:
2241:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2229:
2225:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2213:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2188:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2167:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2148:François Arago
2142:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2121:
2117:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2099:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2078:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2053:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2036:
2032:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2020:
2016:
2015:
2012:
2009:
1998:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1977:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1961:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1946:David Brewster
1940:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1919:
1915:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1897:
1893:
1892:
1889:
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1733:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1716:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1695:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1674:
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1653:
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1632:
1628:
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1625:
1622:
1611:
1607:
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1601:
1586:
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1578:
1575:
1570:
1566:
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1563:
1560:
1549:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1528:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1506:
1502:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1490:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1469:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1444:
1440:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1428:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1413:William Morgan
1407:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1386:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1365:
1361:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1328:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1307:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1288:John Goodricke
1282:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1267:Richard Kirwan
1261:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1240:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1219:
1215:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1203:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1188:Charles Hutton
1182:
1178:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1160:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1139:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1118:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1102:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1060:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1038:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1001:William Hewson
995:
991:
990:
988:
985:
974:
970:
969:
967:
964:
953:
949:
948:
946:
943:
937:Edward Delaval
924:
920:
919:
916:
913:
908:
904:
903:
901:
898:
887:
883:
882:
879:
876:
871:
867:
866:
863:
860:
855:
851:
850:
847:
844:
839:
835:
834:
832:
829:
818:
814:
813:
811:
808:
797:
793:
792:
790:
787:
776:
772:
771:
769:
766:
755:
751:
750:
747:
744:
739:
735:
734:
732:
729:
718:
714:
713:
711:
708:
697:
693:
692:
690:
687:
676:
672:
671:
669:
666:
655:
651:
650:
648:
645:
634:
630:
629:
627:
624:
619:George Edwards
613:
609:
608:
606:
603:
592:
588:
587:
585:
582:
571:
567:
566:
564:
561:
550:
546:
545:
543:
540:
529:
525:
524:
522:
519:
514:William Watson
508:
504:
503:
501:
498:
487:
483:
482:
479:
476:
465:
461:
460:
458:
455:
444:
440:
439:
437:
434:
423:
419:
418:
416:
413:
402:
398:
397:
395:
392:
381:
377:
376:
373:
370:
359:
355:
354:
352:
349:
338:
334:
333:
331:
328:
317:
313:
312:
309:
306:
301:
297:
296:
294:
291:
280:
276:
275:
272:
269:
264:
260:
259:
257:
254:
243:
239:
238:
236:
233:
222:
218:
217:
214:
211:
208:
201:
198:
72:
58:permanent link
27:
16:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10116:
10105:
10102:
10100:
10099:Royal Society
10097:
10095:
10092:
10091:
10089:
10073:
10070:
10067:
10064:
10062:
10059:
10057:
10054:
10052:
10049:
10047:
10044:
10042:
10039:
10037:
10034:
10032:
10029:
10027:
10024:
10022:
10019:
10016:
10014:
10011:
10010:
10008:
10004:
9998:
9995:
9993:
9992:Rumford Medal
9990:
9988:
9985:
9983:
9980:
9978:
9975:
9973:
9970:
9968:
9965:
9963:
9960:
9958:
9955:
9954:
9952:
9948:
9942:
9939:
9937:
9934:
9932:
9929:
9926:
9922:
9919:
9918:
9916:
9910:
9903:
9900:
9897:
9894:
9891:
9888:
9884:
9882:
9879:
9877:
9874:
9873:
9871:
9867:
9861:
9858:
9856:
9853:
9851:
9848:
9846:
9843:
9841:
9838:
9836:
9833:
9831:
9830:Crick Lecture
9828:
9827:
9825:
9821:
9815:
9812:
9810:
9807:
9805:
9804:Mullard Award
9802:
9800:
9797:
9795:
9792:
9790:
9787:
9785:
9782:
9781:
9779:
9775:
9771:
9764:
9759:
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9750:
9745:
9744:
9741:
9725:
9721:
9715:
9707:
9694:
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9634:
9628:
9614:
9610:
9604:
9590:
9586:
9580:
9565:
9559:
9544:
9538:
9523:
9517:
9502:
9496:
9482:
9478:
9472:
9457:
9451:
9436:
9430:
9415:
9409:
9394:
9388:
9373:
9367:
9352:
9346:
9331:
9325:
9310:
9304:
9289:
9283:
9268:
9262:
9247:
9241:
9226:
9220:
9205:
9199:
9184:
9178:
9163:
9157:
9142:
9136:
9121:
9115:
9101:
9097:
9091:
9076:
9070:
9055:
9049:
9034:
9028:
9013:
9007:
8993:
8989:
8983:
8968:
8962:
8947:
8941:
8926:
8920:
8905:
8899:
8884:
8878:
8863:
8857:
8842:
8836:
8822:
8818:
8812:
8797:
8791:
8776:
8770:
8755:
8749:
8734:
8728:
8713:
8707:
8692:
8686:
8671:
8665:
8647:
8641:
8626:
8620:
8602:
8596:
8581:
8575:
8560:
8554:
8552:
8550:
8548:
8546:
8544:
8542:
8540:
8538:
8536:
8534:
8532:
8530:
8528:
8526:
8524:
8522:
8520:
8518:
8516:
8514:
8512:
8510:
8508:
8506:
8504:
8502:
8500:
8484:
8478:
8463:
8457:
8442:
8436:
8422:
8418:
8412:
8397:
8391:
8376:
8370:
8355:
8349:
8334:
8328:
8313:
8307:
8292:
8286:
8271:
8265:
8250:
8244:
8230:
8223:
8217:
8202:
8196:
8181:
8175:
8160:
8154:
8139:
8133:
8118:
8112:
8098:
8091:
8085:
8070:
8064:
8050:
8046:
8040:
8026:
8022:
8016:
8002:
7998:
7992:
7977:
7971:
7956:
7950:
7936:
7932:
7931:
7924:
7909:
7903:
7888:
7882:
7867:
7861:
7847:
7843:
7836:
7821:
7815:
7801:
7797:
7791:
7777:
7773:
7767:
7752:
7746:
7731:
7725:
7710:
7704:
7696:
7687:
7672:
7666:
7651:
7645:
7630:
7624:
7609:
7603:
7589:
7585:
7579:
7564:
7558:
7556:
7541:
7537:
7531:
7516:
7510:
7495:
7489:
7474:
7468:
7453:
7446:
7431:
7425:
7411:
7407:
7400:
7385:
7379:
7377:
7375:
7373:
7371:
7369:
7367:
7365:
7363:
7361:
7359:
7357:
7355:
7353:
7351:
7349:
7347:
7345:
7343:
7341:
7339:
7337:
7335:
7333:
7331:
7315:
7308:
7293:
7286:
7272:
7268:
7262:
7247:
7241:
7223:
7216:
7202:
7198:
7192:
7177:
7171:
7156:
7150:
7135:
7129:
7114:
7110:
7104:
7089:
7083:
7068:
7062:
7047:
7041:
7033:
7020:
7005:
6999:
6984:
6983:"William Roy"
6978:
6963:
6957:
6943:
6939:
6933:
6919:
6915:
6909:
6907:
6905:
6889:
6883:
6869:
6865:
6859:
6857:
6841:
6835:
6820:
6814:
6800:
6796:
6790:
6775:
6769:
6755:
6751:
6745:
6731:
6727:
6721:
6706:
6700:
6685:
6679:
6664:
6658:
6643:
6637:
6622:
6618:
6612:
6597:
6591:
6576:
6570:
6555:
6548:
6546:
6531:
6527:
6521:
6506:
6499:
6485:
6481:
6475:
6460:
6453:
6451:
6435:
6429:
6414:
6408:
6393:
6387:
6372:
6366:
6351:
6345:
6330:
6324:
6309:
6303:
6288:
6282:
6280:
6278:
6262:
6258:
6252:
6250:
6235:
6231:
6225:
6210:
6204:
6190:
6186:
6180:
6178:
6176:
6160:
6154:
6139:
6133:
6131:
6129:
6124:
6121:
6120:
6105:
6101:
6090:
6086:
6075:
6071:
6060:
6056:
6055:
6054:
6053:
6038:
6035:
6030:
6029:Roger Penrose
6024:
6021:
6020:
6016:
6013:
6008:
6002:
5999:
5998:
5995:
5992:
5987:
5981:
5978:
5977:
5973:
5970:
5965:
5959:
5956:
5955:
5952:
5949:
5944:
5938:
5935:
5934:
5930:
5927:
5922:
5916:
5913:
5912:
5909:
5906:
5901:
5895:
5892:
5891:
5887:
5884:
5879:
5873:
5870:
5869:
5866:
5863:
5858:
5852:
5849:
5848:
5845:
5842:
5837:
5831:
5828:
5827:
5824:
5821:
5816:
5810:
5807:
5806:
5802:
5799:
5794:
5788:
5785:
5784:
5781:
5778:
5773:
5772:Alan Cottrell
5767:
5764:
5763:
5759:
5756:
5751:
5745:
5742:
5741:
5737:
5734:
5729:
5728:Charles Frank
5723:
5720:
5719:
5716:
5713:
5708:
5702:
5699:
5698:
5695:
5692:
5687:
5686:George Porter
5681:
5678:
5677:
5673:
5670:
5665:
5659:
5656:
5655:
5652:
5649:
5644:
5638:
5635:
5634:
5630:
5627:
5622:
5616:
5613:
5612:
5609:
5606:
5601:
5595:
5592:
5591:
5587:
5584:
5579:
5573:
5570:
5569:
5566:
5563:
5558:
5552:
5549:
5548:
5545:
5542:
5537:
5531:
5528:
5527:
5524:
5521:
5516:
5510:
5507:
5506:
5502:
5499:
5494:
5493:Rodney Porter
5488:
5485:
5484:
5481:
5478:
5473:
5467:
5464:
5463:
5460:
5455:
5449:
5446:
5445:
5442:
5439:
5434:
5428:
5425:
5424:
5421:
5418:
5413:
5407:
5404:
5403:
5400:
5397:
5392:
5386:
5383:
5382:
5379:
5376:
5371:
5365:
5362:
5361:
5358:
5355:
5350:
5344:
5341:
5340:
5337:
5334:
5329:
5328:Francis Crick
5323:
5320:
5319:
5316:
5313:
5308:
5302:
5299:
5298:
5294:
5291:
5286:
5285:Andrew Huxley
5280:
5277:
5276:
5273:
5270:
5265:
5259:
5256:
5255:
5251:
5248:
5243:
5237:
5234:
5233:
5230:
5227:
5222:
5216:
5213:
5212:
5209:
5206:
5201:
5200:Peter Medawar
5195:
5192:
5191:
5187:
5184:
5179:
5173:
5170:
5169:
5165:
5162:
5157:
5151:
5148:
5147:
5144:
5141:
5136:
5130:
5127:
5126:
5122:
5119:
5114:
5108:
5105:
5104:
5101:
5098:
5093:
5087:
5084:
5083:
5079:
5076:
5071:
5065:
5062:
5061:
5058:
5055:
5050:
5044:
5041:
5040:
5036:
5033:
5028:
5022:
5019:
5018:
5015:
5012:
5007:
5001:
4998:
4997:
4994:
4991:
4986:
4980:
4977:
4976:
4973:
4970:
4965:
4959:
4956:
4955:
4952:
4949:
4944:
4943:Howard Florey
4938:
4935:
4934:
4930:
4927:
4922:
4916:
4913:
4912:
4909:
4906:
4901:
4900:Ronald Fisher
4895:
4892:
4891:
4888:
4885:
4880:
4874:
4871:
4870:
4866:
4863:
4858:
4852:
4849:
4848:
4845:
4842:
4837:
4831:
4828:
4827:
4824:
4821:
4816:
4810:
4807:
4806:
4803:
4800:
4795:
4789:
4786:
4785:
4782:
4779:
4774:
4768:
4765:
4764:
4761:
4758:
4753:
4747:
4744:
4743:
4740:
4737:
4732:
4726:
4723:
4722:
4719:
4716:
4711:
4705:
4702:
4701:
4698:
4695:
4690:
4684:
4681:
4680:
4677:
4674:
4669:
4663:
4660:
4659:
4656:
4653:
4648:
4642:
4639:
4638:
4635:
4632:
4627:
4621:
4618:
4617:
4614:
4611:
4606:
4600:
4597:
4596:
4593:
4590:
4585:
4584:Paul Langevin
4579:
4576:
4575:
4572:
4569:
4564:
4558:
4555:
4554:
4551:
4548:
4543:
4537:
4534:
4533:
4530:
4527:
4522:
4516:
4513:
4512:
4509:
4506:
4501:
4495:
4492:
4491:
4488:
4485:
4480:
4474:
4471:
4470:
4467:
4464:
4459:
4453:
4450:
4449:
4446:
4443:
4438:
4432:
4429:
4428:
4425:
4422:
4417:
4411:
4408:
4407:
4404:
4401:
4396:
4390:
4387:
4386:
4383:
4380:
4375:
4369:
4366:
4365:
4362:
4359:
4354:
4348:
4345:
4344:
4340:
4337:
4332:
4326:
4323:
4322:
4319:
4316:
4311:
4305:
4302:
4301:
4298:
4295:
4290:
4284:
4281:
4280:
4277:
4274:
4269:
4263:
4260:
4259:
4255:
4252:
4247:
4241:
4238:
4237:
4234:
4231:
4226:
4220:
4217:
4216:
4213:
4210:
4205:
4199:
4196:
4195:
4192:
4189:
4184:
4183:Joseph Larmor
4178:
4175:
4174:
4171:
4168:
4163:
4157:
4154:
4153:
4150:
4147:
4142:
4136:
4133:
4132:
4129:
4126:
4121:
4115:
4112:
4111:
4108:
4105:
4100:
4094:
4091:
4090:
4086:
4083:
4078:
4072:
4069:
4068:
4065:
4062:
4057:
4051:
4048:
4047:
4044:
4041:
4036:
4030:
4027:
4026:
4023:
4020:
4015:
4014:Ray Lankester
4009:
4006:
4005:
4002:
3999:
3994:
3988:
3985:
3984:
3981:
3978:
3973:
3967:
3964:
3963:
3960:
3957:
3952:
3946:
3943:
3942:
3939:
3936:
3931:
3925:
3922:
3921:
3918:
3915:
3910:
3904:
3901:
3900:
3897:
3894:
3889:
3883:
3880:
3879:
3876:
3873:
3868:
3862:
3859:
3858:
3855:
3852:
3847:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3834:
3831:
3826:
3820:
3817:
3816:
3813:
3810:
3805:
3799:
3796:
3795:
3792:
3789:
3784:
3783:Joseph Lister
3778:
3775:
3774:
3771:
3768:
3763:
3762:Willard Gibbs
3757:
3754:
3753:
3750:
3747:
3742:
3736:
3733:
3732:
3729:
3726:
3721:
3720:Lord Rayleigh
3715:
3712:
3711:
3708:
3705:
3700:
3694:
3691:
3690:
3686:
3683:
3678:
3672:
3669:
3668:
3664:
3661:
3656:
3650:
3647:
3646:
3643:
3640:
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30:
23:
10036:Pfizer Award
9977:Hughes Medal
9957:Darwin Medal
9924:
9921:Copley Medal
9920:
9799:Milner Award
9727:. Retrieved
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7540:SpringerLink
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7404:Darrow, GM.
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6051:
6050:
5943:Harold Kroto
5750:Frank Fenner
5242:Norman Pirie
5156:Bernard Katz
5113:Alan Hodgkin
4815:David Keilin
4605:Thomas Lewis
4500:Arthur Evans
3804:Eduard Suess
2706:Richard Owen
2447:Robert Brown
2309:
2247:
2231:
2215:
2201:Henry Foster
2155:Peter Barlow
2022:
1963:
1883:
1846:
1785:Everard Home
1743:Humphry Davy
1617:John Hellins
1572:
1492:
1430:
1351:
1225:Samuel Vince
1205:
1104:
980:Peter Woulfe
910:
873:
857:
841:
803:John Smeaton
782:John Dollond
741:
661:John Pringle
556:Gowin Knight
365:James Valoue
303:
266:
249:Stephen Gray
228:Stephen Gray
168:Nobel Prizes
165:
152:Stephen Gray
143:Copley Medal
142:
140:
22:old revision
19:
18:
9982:Kavli Medal
9972:Gabor Medal
9941:Royal Medal
9904:Fellowships
9869:Fellowships
7267:"Wollaston"
6554:"Cavendish"
6505:"Cavendish"
6459:"Cavendish"
5921:John Gurdon
5793:Hugh Huxley
5643:Abdus Salam
5578:Robert Hill
5264:Nevill Mott
5070:Paul Fildes
4225:Horace Lamb
4077:James Dewar
4056:Ivan Pavlov
3993:Felix Klein
3402:Carl Ludwig
2173:James South
1983:Henry Kater
1925:James Ivory
1371:John Hunter
1334:William Roy
893:John Canton
724:John Huxham
640:John Canton
493:Henry Baker
20:This is an
10088:Categories
10026:Kohn Award
9962:Davy Medal
9729:2009-02-15
9684:2009-02-15
9663:2009-02-15
9639:2009-02-05
9618:2009-02-15
9594:2009-02-15
9570:2009-02-15
9549:2009-02-15
9528:2009-02-15
9507:2009-02-15
9486:2009-02-15
9462:2009-02-05
9441:2009-02-15
9420:2009-02-15
9399:2009-02-05
9378:2009-02-05
9357:2009-02-05
9336:2009-02-05
9315:2009-02-15
9294:2009-02-05
9273:2009-02-05
9252:2009-02-15
9231:2009-02-15
9210:2009-02-15
9189:2009-02-15
9168:2009-02-15
9147:2009-02-05
9126:2009-02-15
9105:2009-02-15
9081:2009-02-05
9060:2009-02-05
9039:2009-02-15
9018:2009-02-05
8997:2009-02-15
8973:2009-02-15
8952:2009-02-15
8931:2009-02-15
8910:2009-02-05
8889:2009-02-15
8868:2009-02-15
8847:2009-02-05
8826:2009-02-15
8802:2009-02-05
8781:2009-02-15
8760:2009-02-15
8739:2009-02-05
8718:2009-02-15
8697:2009-02-05
8676:2009-02-05
8655:2009-02-05
8631:2009-02-05
8610:2009-02-05
8586:2009-02-05
8565:2009-02-15
8489:2009-02-05
8468:2009-02-03
8447:2009-02-03
8426:2009-02-05
8402:2009-02-03
8381:2009-02-03
8360:2009-02-03
8339:2009-02-03
8318:2009-02-03
8297:2009-02-03
8276:2009-02-03
8255:2009-02-03
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7982:2009-02-03
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7914:2009-02-05
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7010:2009-02-08
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6947:2009-02-07
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6873:2009-02-07
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6735:2009-02-06
6711:2009-01-29
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6669:2009-02-15
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6144:2009-02-04
6110:2009-02-04
6095:2009-02-04
6080:2009-02-04
6065:2009-02-04
6046:References
6007:Robert May
5964:Paul Nurse
5900:John Pople
5536:Aaron Klug
5412:Max Perutz
4836:Paul Dirac
4542:Niels Bohr
4521:Henry Dale
4353:Max Planck
4099:Emile Roux
1166:John Mudge
1145:James Cook
1087:John Walsh
959:John Ellis
213:Rationale
2493:Georg Ohm
2105:John Pond
9693:cite web
9658:Genetics
9185:. Nature
8906:. Nature
7935:Springer
7686:cite web
7019:cite web
6119:Specific
2310:No Award
2248:No Award
2232:No Award
2216:No Award
2023:No Award
1964:No Award
1884:No Award
1847:No Award
1573:No Award
1493:No Award
1431:No Award
1352:No Award
1206:No Award
1105:No Award
911:No Award
874:No Award
858:No Award
842:No Award
742:No Award
304:No Award
267:No Award
160:interest
83:contribs
73:Dabomb87
38:contribs
28:Dabomb87
9912:Premier
7248:. Aim25
6052:General
90:WP:PUNC
51:WP:PUNC
9950:Medals
9914:Medals
9777:Awards
8992:Nature
7115:. 2004
6623:. 1969
6263:. 2004
216:Notes
8649:(PDF)
8604:(PDF)
8225:(PDF)
8093:(PDF)
7225:(PDF)
6754:Aim25
4087:<
210:Name
207:Year
9706:help
7695:help
7032:help
6022:2008
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