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standard of TV transmission. In this case the second FM carrier is 14.25 times the line frequency, or about 224 kHz, above the first carrier; pre-emphasis is 75 microseconds; the stereo pilot tone frequency is 149.9 Hz; the bilingual pilot tone frequency is 276 Hz; and the second
231:
Zweikanalton can carry either a completely separate audio program, or can be used for stereo sound transmission. In the latter case, the first FM carrier carries (L+R) for compatibility, while the second carrier carries R (not L-R.) After combining the two channels, this method improves the
244:
products between the two carriers. The pilot tone frequency is 3.5 times line frequency (54687.5 Hz). The modulated tone frequency is 117.50 Hz for stereo transmission and 274.1 Hz for bilingual transmission. Absence of this tone is interpreted as a monaural transmission.
239:
Carrier frequencies are chosen so that they cause minimal interference to the picture. The difference between the two sound carriers is 15.5 times the line frequency (15.5 x 15625 Hz = 242187.5 Hz) which, being an odd multiple of half line frequency, reduces the visibility of
564:, Tien-Ju Tsai; Shih-Chuan Lu & Shu-Ming Liu, "Method and apparatus for determining sound standard for input sound signal", published 2009-10-22, issued 2012-01-03, assigned to Himax Technologies Ltd
220:
containing a second sound channel is transmitted at a frequency 242 kHz higher than the default FM sound carrier, and contains a 54.6875 kHz pilot tone to indicate whether the broadcast is mono, stereo or bilingual.
208:
Zweikanalton can be adapted to any existing analogue television system, and modern PAL or SECAM television receivers generally include a sound detector IC that can decode both
Zweikanalton and NICAM.
545:, Hyun Ho Jeong, "Sound signal processor and method for processing sound signal using the same", published 2006-03-07, issued 2010-07-06, assigned to LG ELECTRONICS INC
1637:
432:
As a result of the analogue television switch-off in most countries which used
Zweikanalton, Zweikanalton is now considered obsolete and has been replaced with
224:
This pilot tone is 50% amplitude-modulated with 117.5 Hz for stereo or 274.1 Hz for bilingual. The absence of this carrier indicates normal
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The second sound carrier frequency of DK systems varies from country, and sometimes manufacturers divide them into DK1/DK2/DK3 systems.
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399:(IRT) in Munich during the 1970s, and was first introduced on the German national television channel
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Zweikanalton is known by a variety of names worldwide. Most commonly used names are
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used
Zweikanalton on its UHF analogue transmission frequency (Channel 29), while
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This offers a relatively high separation between the channels (compared to a
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was instead used on its VHF analogue transmission frequency (Channel 12).
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415:(IFA). West Germany thus became the first country in Europe to use
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channel on 29 August 1985 in honour of the 1985 edition of the
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496:(3 additional audio channels on 4.5 MHz audio carriers)
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201:. Unlike the competing NICAM standard, Zweikanalton is an
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by reducing the correlated noise between the channels.
175:
analog television standard. It relies on two separate
403:
on 13 September 1981. The German public broadcaster
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46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2296:
1631:
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407:subsequently introduced Zweikanalton on its
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345:54.6875 kHz 50% AM with 274.1 Hz
329:54.6875 kHz 50% AM with 117.5 Hz
1638:
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163:and some other countries that use or used
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
2065:Output power of an analog TV transmitter
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1479:Also used in China's DVB-S/S2 network.
2095:Direct-broadcast satellite television
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440:for countries that have converted to
413:Internationale Funkausstellung Berlin
1518:
211:
44:adding citations to reliable sources
15:
1985:Vestigial sideband modulation (VSB)
369:
13:
1470:
391:Zweikanalton was developed by the
143:sound transmission system used in
14:
2321:
193:system) and can thus be used for
20:
1980:Quadrature amplitude modulation
448:(Europe and Asia-Pacific), and
365:The video bandwidth is reduced.
31:needs additional citations for
2144:Television channel frequencies
619:
554:
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524:Stereo sound systems - QSL.net
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1:
2115:Digital television transition
1944:Multichannel television sound
984:Field-sequential color system
494:Multichannel Television Sound
383:channel carries L-R (not R).
323:mix of left & right (L+R)
2187:Field strength in free space
1888:Horizontal blanking interval
1564:Reverse Standards Conversion
419:on its television channels.
395:Institut für Rundfunktechnik
250:Zweikanalton operating modes
7:
2085:Superheterodyne transmitter
487:
378:, compatible with the NTSC
10:
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1923:Vertical blanking interval
386:
265:Pilot tone in 2nd carrier
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135:("two-channel sound") or
123:Digital on-screen graphic
2217:Television interference
2090:Television receive-only
608:Broadcast video formats
326:right audio channel (R)
259:Standard sound carrier
2139:Microwave transmission
2105:Terrestrial television
2100:Television transmitter
2060:Intermediate frequency
1853:Chrominance subcarrier
1574:Television transmitter
197:broadcasts as well as
129:
2310:Television technology
2305:Broadcast engineering
2011:Broadcast transmitter
1559:MPEG transport stream
1386:MPEG-1 Audio Layer II
949:Mechanical television
857:Zweikanalton (A2/IGR)
234:signal-to-noise ratio
121:
2253:Zero reference pulse
2238:Field strength meter
1975:Frequency modulation
1883:Horizontal scan rate
1594:Widescreen signaling
1569:Standards conversion
1554:Moving image formats
511:Notes and references
218:2nd FM sound carrier
40:improve this article
2192:Noise (electronics)
2055:Intercarrier method
2015:Transmitter station
1650:broadcasting topics
1549:Display motion blur
252:
2080:Split sound system
2030:Differential phase
1600:Analogue TV Topics
529:2010-12-03 at the
478:West German Stereo
297:DK 5.742 MHz
294:DK 6.742 MHz
291:DK 6.258 MHz
288:BG 5.742 MHz
262:2nd sound carrier
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2207:Radiation pattern
2025:Differential gain
1647:Analog television
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417:multiplexed sound
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310:carrier is absent
212:Technical details
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2134:Frequency offset
2075:Residual carrier
2020:Cavity amplifier
1918:Television lines
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1519:Technical issues
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2006:Antenna (radio)
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1529:14:9 compromise
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96:September 2014
55:"Zweikanalton"
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479:
475:
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470:German Stereo
467:
457:
455:
451:
450:Dolby Digital
447:
443:
439:
435:
430:
428:
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296:
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276:5.5 MHz
275:
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57: –
56:
52:
51:Find sources:
45:
41:
35:
34:
29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
2279:Hanover bars
2070:Pre-emphasis
1994:Transmission
1959:Zweikanalton
1958:
1863:Color killer
1788:Clear-Vision
1140:MPEG-2 Video
856:
678:Clear-Vision
562:US 8090110B2
556:
543:US 7751571B2
537:
519:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
463:
431:
423:TV3 Malaysia
421:
390:
373:
362:
354:
342:2nd language
339:1st language
334:
318:
302:
285:6.5 MHz
249:
238:
230:
223:
217:
215:
207:
191:multiplexing
184:
165:CCIR systems
136:
133:Zweikanalton
132:
131:
102:
93:
83:
76:
69:
62:
50:
38:Please help
33:verification
30:
2248:VIT signals
2243:Vectorscope
2182:Earth bulge
2164:Propagation
2127:& bands
2125:Frequencies
1908:Raster scan
1848:Chrominance
1838:Black level
1833:front porch
1598:Templates (
1315:MPEG-H HEVC
1054:Progressive
460:Other names
376:South Korea
169:South Korea
161:Netherlands
157:Switzerland
2299:Categories
2177:Distortion
2110:Transposer
2045:Dummy load
2001:Amplifiers
1968:Modulation
1858:Colorburst
1829:Back porch
1442:Captioning
1244:MPEG-4 AVC
1012:Interlaced
937:Historical
873:Captioning
832:BTSC (MTS)
807:1250 lines
791:1125 lines
620:Television
482:IGR Stereo
187:subcarrier
141:television
66:newspapers
2284:Sparklies
2269:Dot crawl
2262:Artifacts
2202:Path loss
2197:Null fill
2172:Beam tilt
1913:Safe area
1579:Test card
1252:ATSC A/72
1158:DVB 3D-TV
770:819 lines
698:625 lines
658:525 lines
640:405 lines
474:A2 Stereo
409:Das Erste
335:Bilingual
195:bilingual
153:Australia
137:A2 Stereo
2274:Ghosting
2035:Diplexer
1903:Overscan
1868:Color TV
1761:System F
1757:System E
1753:819-line
1747:System N
1743:System L
1739:System K
1735:System I
1731:System H
1727:System G
1723:System D
1719:System C
1715:System B
1711:625-line
1705:System M
1701:525-line
1696:455-line
1691:441-line
1685:System A
1681:405-line
1676:375-line
1671:343-line
1666:180-line
1491:Defunct.
1457:Teletext
1323:ATSC 3.0
979:567-line
974:455-line
969:441-line
964:375-line
959:343-line
954:180-line
944:Pre-1940
898:Teletext
778:System E
706:System B
666:System M
648:System A
527:Archived
505:EIAJ MTS
488:See also
452:AC-3 on
380:System M
205:system.
180:carriers
2226:Testing
1808:PALplus
1658:Systems
1338:ISDB-S3
1287:MobaHo!
1234:MobaHo!
1003:Digital
750:PALplus
466:Zweiton
436:and/or
387:History
228:sound.
189:-based
149:Austria
145:Germany
80:scholar
1783:NTSC-J
1411:HE-AAC
1333:HD DMB
878:CGMS-A
814:HD-MAC
674:NTSC-J
631:Analog
568:
549:
446:DVB-T2
438:MPEG-4
434:MPEG-2
319:Stereo
203:analog
199:stereo
82:
75:
68:
61:
53:
1949:NICAM
1937:Sound
1822:Video
1813:SECAM
1803:PAL-S
1798:PAL-M
1353:Audio
1305:ABS-S
1277:SBTVD
1216:ABS-S
1175:ABS-S
1118:UHDTV
1111:1080p
1042:1080i
842:NICAM
824:Audio
754:SECAM
746:PAL-N
688:B-MAC
682:PAL-M
500:NICAM
442:DVB-T
427:NICAM
313:none
256:Mode
127:ORF 1
87:JSTOR
73:books
2212:Skew
1893:Luma
1831:and
1778:NTSC
1447:CPCM
1401:LPCM
1371:AC-4
1361:AC-3
1343:DTMB
1297:AVS2
1282:1seg
1267:DTMB
1257:CMMB
1211:DTMB
1203:AVS+
1193:CMMB
1170:DTMB
1165:ISDB
1148:ATSC
1106:720p
1101:HDTV
1094:576p
1089:480p
1084:EDTV
1077:288p
1072:240p
1067:1seg
1062:LDTV
1037:HDTV
1030:576i
1025:480i
1020:SDTV
989:OSKM
918:VITC
908:VEIL
837:EIAJ
798:MUSE
670:NTSC
480:and
454:ATSC
307:mono
303:Mono
226:mono
173:NTSC
59:news
2154:VHF
2149:UHF
1793:PAL
1543:DCI
1452:EPG
1432:AFD
1406:AAC
1396:PCM
1381:DRA
1376:DTS
1365:5.1
1328:DVB
1272:DVB
1262:DMB
1185:AVS
1153:DVB
928:XDS
923:WSS
913:VIT
903:VBI
893:PDC
888:GCR
883:EPG
847:SAP
760:MAC
742:PAL
405:ARD
401:ZDF
42:by
2301::
1759:,
1745:,
1741:,
1737:,
1733:,
1729:,
1725:,
1721:,
1717:,
1484:^
1472:^
1128:8K
1123:4K
780:,
752:,
748:,
744:,
736:,
732:,
728:,
724:,
720:,
716:,
712:,
708:,
680:,
676:,
672:,
484:.
476:,
472:,
468:,
360:b.
352:a.
216:A
182:.
177:FM
167:.
159:,
155:,
151:,
147:,
2013:/
1763:)
1755:(
1749:)
1713:(
1707:)
1703:(
1687:)
1683:(
1639:e
1632:t
1625:v
1602:)
1545:)
1541:(
1367:)
1363:(
782:F
756:)
738:N
734:L
730:K
726:I
722:H
718:G
714:D
710:C
684:)
600:e
593:t
586:v
444:/
283:K
280:D
274:G
271:B
109:)
103:(
98:)
94:(
84:·
77:·
70:·
63:·
36:.
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