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252:. The new facility revolutionized zoo design: instead of bars and cages, Hagenbeck became the first to use moats to separate animals from each other and the public. The Hamburg Zoological Garden looked outdated in comparison. In its early years, the Tierpark attracted as many as a million visitors annually, double the best audiences ever drawn to the Hamburg Zoological Garden.
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267:, the zoo headed again toward bankruptcy. An attempt was made to save the corporation by making the facility half-amusement park and half-bird park. The attempt failed and in 1931 the corporation went bankrupt and the zoo was closed forever. The city of Hamburg took over the zoo's lease and converted the site into a public park (
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After the war, the German economy collapsed. While the
Hagenbeck zoo was able to rebuild its animal trade, the zoological society could not. On 30 December 1920 the society was liquidated and on 21 January 1921 the zoo closed. A new group of investors, the Hamburg Zoological Garden Corporation, took
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The
Society was a shareholding company. In 1861 it purchased a 13-hectare (32 acre) plot of land outside the Hamburg city walls, next to a municipal cemetery. In November 1862 the zoo issued additional shares to finance the construction of an aquarium. Such was the excitement around the project,
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The zoo was quite popular when it opened on 17 May 1863. Although the population of
Hamburg was only 300,000, around 54,000 people visited the zoo in its first week of operation. Annual attendance at the zoo in its first ten years of operation was between 225,000 and 355,000 visitors. The zoo's
161:, a member of parliament in the German government at Frankfurt am Main in 1848 and 1849, assembled a society for the purposes of creating a zoo. On 10 July 1860, at the charter meeting of the Zoological Society of Hamburg (German:
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almost ruined both zoos. In 1915 the
Hamburg zoological Garden built the world's largest primate house, with 22 outdoor and 69 indoor cages. Almost all the monkeys starved to death, however, during the war.
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opened a competing facility in 1875, called Carl
Hagenbeck's Tierpark. Though Hagenbeck's zoo was small, he acquired enough exotic animals to remain competitive.
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were larger. Trading in wild animals had begun in 1820 and a road-house menagerie was in operation in the 1840s. A wealthy merchant named
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1863 also saw the birth of the zoo's first competitor, in a collection of exotic animals purchased by Carl
Hagenbeck Sr. His son
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in 1870. The zoo's aquarium, or the Marine
Aquarium Temple, was among the best ever built. In 1865, a German national journal,
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van Strien, N.J. (1974), "Dicerorhinus sumatrensis (Fischer), the
Sumatran or two-horned rhinoceros: a study of literature",
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over the zoo, and rebuilt it to a massive collection, including 882 species and subspecies, but following the
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Reichenbach, Herman. "A Tale of Too Zoos: The
Hamburg Zoological Garden and Carl Hagenbeck's Tierpark." In
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that operated from 1863 until 1930. Its aquarium, which opened in 1864, was among the first in the world.
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for much of its history. The zoo had several remarkable breeding successes—it was the first to breed the
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An 1865 sketch of a cross section of the "Ocean Fairy Castle" aquarium in the
Zoological Garden of Hamburg
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New Worlds, New Animals: From Menagerie to Zoological Park in the Nineteenth Century
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invested heavily in building up a large collection, even larger than that of the
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This article is about an historic Hamburg Zoo. For Hamburg's current zoo, see
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ever seen in Europe was acquired by the Hamburg Zoological Garden in 1868.
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Zoo and Aquarium History: Ancient Animal Collections To Zoological Gardens
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Zoologischer Garten zu Hamburg (in German only, with a lot of pictures)
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Share of the Zoologische Garten in Hamburg, issued 1. August 1864
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The Ocean at Home: An Illustrated History of the Aquarium
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In the 1850s, Hamburg was the third-largest city in the
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311:Hoage, Robert J.; Deiss, William A., eds. (1996),
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908:Educational organizations disestablished in 1930
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878:1863 establishments in the German Confederation
168:It was the fifth zoo in Germany, following the
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265:1929 stock market crash
72:53.595278°N 10.016389°E
16:Zoo in Hamburg, Germany
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238:Carl Hagenbeck Jr.
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635:Hanover Zoo
630:Görlitz Zoo
615:Essehof Zoo
595:Dresden Zoo
580:Cottbus Zoo
575:Cologne Zoo
447:(16): 1–82.
256:World War I
192:Early years
182:Dresden Zoo
96:Date closed
88:Date opened
75: /
857:Categories
812:Historical
670:Landau Zoo
585:Dessau Zoo
275:References
211:Berlin Zoo
63:10°00′59″E
60:53°35′43″N
775:Aquariums
184:in 1861.
117:(German:
798:Ozeaneum
715:Opel Zoo
522:Zoos of
353:Specific
133:Founding
104:Location
42:elephant
819:AquaDom
524:Germany
282:General
244:Decline
149:; only
127:Germany
123:Hamburg
391:(317).
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155:Vienna
151:Berlin
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339:ISBN
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299:ISBN
153:and
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335:CRC
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