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Zojz (deity)

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1110: 1554: 138: 1243: 1747: 20: 2379:) and the flowing of human destiny. As masters of time and place, they take care of humans (also of the zana and of some particular animals) watching over their life, their house and their hidden treasures before sealing their destiny. Hence, the goddesses of fate "maintain the order of the universe and enforce its laws" – "organising the appearance of humankind." However great his power, the supreme god holds an executive role as he only carries out what has been already ordained by the fate goddesses. 2343:("Praise be to you, o praised God!"). This introductory religious formula brings the audience into a distant world and a primordial time. Including elements ranging from paganism to monotheism, the primeval religiosity of the Albanian mountains and epic poetry is reflected by a supreme deity who is the god of the universe and who is conceived through the belief in the fantastic and supernatural beings and things, resulting in an extremely structured imaginative creation. The components of Nature are 2404: 1099: 1573:, considered the home of the deities. This tradition has been preserved in folk beliefs until recent times. The enduring sanctity of the mountain, the annual pilgrimage to its summit, and the solemn sacrifice of a white bull by the local people provide abundant evidence that the ancient cult of the sky-god on Mount Tomorr continues through the generations almost untouched by the course of political events and religious changes. The Albanian pagan cult practiced on several 295: 8650: 8401: 1262:". According to the elders, Zojzi lives among the clouds with a thunderbolt in his hand. It was believed that he notices the deeds of the people, who are frightened by his power because when he realises that people are sinning, he brings them destruction hurling his thunderbolt on the trees and the tall buildings, and burning and smashing the sinners. Local Albanian mythology has it that Zojz has a son and a daughter. His son is called 2304:
take her own life due to the desecration she suffered, but only after telling her husband what she had been through. So she stepped before her husband, and immedatelly after reporting what happened, she seized a weapon and stretched herself as a corpse before the highest of the gods. Because of that horrible suicide, but more than that, because of the defilement which his wife had suffered from the god Talas, the highest god
2257: 2363:), the mountains, etc. participate in the world of humans influencing their events. People also address oaths or long curses to the animated elements of nature. The supreme god allows the existence of terrestrial female deities with their intervention in earthly events and interaction with humans. Indeed, in their life, the heroes can be assisted by 2371:, who symbolize the vital energy and existential time of human beings respectively. The zana idealizes feminine energy, wild beauty, eternal youth and the joy of nature. They appear as warlike nymphs capable of offering simple mortals a part of their own psychophysical and divine power, giving humans strength comparable to that of the 2303:
noticed her. She was so beautiful that no other goddess could match her. So the god Talas went after the wife of the highest god and as soon as he reached her, he raped her through the use of brute force. Afterwards the wife of the highest god, despite being above all the other goddesses, decided to
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that tore him to pieces, after which his corpse would have emitted a stormy wind that no one could approach, so his whole body was buried in the ground. The god Talas did not smell like humans, but rather more pleasant. Hence the interpretation that he was the god of the sea-storm or the god of the
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and birds (eagles). In those plaques there is a mythological representation of the celestial deity: the Sun deity animated with a face and two wings, throwing lightning into a fire altar (the main thunderbolt that reaches the fire altar is also represented as a polearm at the extremity), which in
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Tattoo patterns of northern Albanians (top); tattoo patterns of Catholic women (and one man) in Bosnia (bottom). Drawn by Edith Durham in the early 20th century. Many of those patterns also appear on Albanian traditional art (graves, jewellery and house carvings). They are symbols of celestial,
1065:). It was a very serious oath and people were afraid of it even though they were telling the truth. The act of absolving himself of any allegation of theft was performed in the following way: the thunder-stone was taken in the left hand and was touched by the right hand saying: 1036:, prosperity and progress in people, in livestock and in agriculture, or that rifle bullets would not hit the owners of the thunder-stones. A common practice was to hung a thunder-stone pendant on the body of the cattle or on the pregnant woman for good luck and to contrast the 245:, who plays a dominant role in Albanian mythology, features the attributes of a sky and lightning deity, apparently an Albanian reflection of the Indo-European sky god. In some Albanian regions the lightning god who lives in the clouds in the sky is alternatively referred to as 169:. According to folk beliefs, the Sun makes the sky cloudy or clears it up. In Albanian tradition the Sun is referred to as an "eye", which is a reflection of the Indo-European belief according to which the Sun is the eye of the Sky-God. Albanian folk beliefs regard the 1209:
and in other expressions of traditional art (graves, jewellery and house carvings). The supremacy of the deity of the sky – the light side – over that of the underworld – the dark side – is symbolized by the victory of celestial divine heroes against
1230:("drop of the sky" or "lightning"), which falls everywhere from heaven on the mountains and the valleys and strikes pride and evil, or by other heroic characters marked in their bodies by the symbols of celestial objects, such as 1149:) are practiced in relation to the cosmic cycle and the rhythms of agricultural and pastoral life. Exercising a great influence on Albanian major traditional feasts and calendar rites, the Sun is worshiped as the 1308:
swearings are taken by him. He is personified anthropomorphically as an old man with a long white beard flowing down to his belt. He is accompanied by female eagles and the winds are his servants. His consort is
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with torrential rains, lightning and hail, which often cause great damage to agriculture, livestock, and to the rural economy in general. The practice consists in bringing outdoors a fire container (Albanian:
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Mount Tomorr certainly seems to have been the site of a pre-Christian cult, being worshiped still today by the locals, both Christians and Muslims, as a mountain with a supernatural force—swearing
916:"Swearing with lies, there is lightning!". The worship and practices associated to the sky and lighning deity have been preserved until the 20th century, and in some forms still continue today. 1205:
In Albanian tradition the clash between drangue and kulshedra, light and darkness, is furthermore seen as a mythological representation of the cult of the Sun and the Moon, widely observed in
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some plaques is held by two men (sometimes on two boats). In those plaques, the Illyrian symbolism of the birds (eagles and two-headed eagle), finds correspondences to the myth of the
2279: 966:) and fire-related metallic objects seeking assistance from the supernatural power of the Fire, in order to turn the storm away and to avert the harms it can cause to the community. 96:'sky god'). The sacred significance of one of the main symbols of the sky cult – the eagle – has been scrupulously preserved by Albanians, who have always considered it their animal 969:
The Albanian practice has been interpreted either as a form of prayer to appease the weather god in order to turn the storm away, or an act to give strength to the divine hero
7579: 1304:. In central Albanian folk beliefs the god associated with this mountain is euphemistically referred to as "Him of Tomorr" and "the Holy One of Tomorr", and 946:. The sacred significance of the eagle as a celestial symbol has been scrupulously preserved by Albanians, who have always considered it their animal totem. 179:) and consider it as the "weapon of the deity". Finding correspondences with Albanian folk beliefs and practices, early evidence of the celestial cult in 1160:
The most famous Albanian mythological representation of the dualistic struggle between good and evil, light and darkness, is the constant battle between
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I swear by this thunder-stone that I have not stolen it, nor anyone of my house and I don't know who stole it! If I lied to you, may cloud strike me!
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Treimer, Karl (1971). "Zur RĂŒckerschliessung der illyrischen Götterwelt und ihre Bedeutung fĂŒr die sĂŒdslawische Philologie". In Henrik Barić (ed.).
1300:, being regarded as the father of gods and humans, has survived in central Albanian mythology and folklore until today, associated with the cult of 815:
in later times. The plaques depict simultaneously sacred representations of the sky and the sun, and symbolism of lighning and fire, as well as the
5362: 937:. Each of those plaques portray simultaneously sacred representations of the sky and the sun, and symbolism of lighning and fire, as well as the 774:
populations who favored 'Father Heaven Cults' comprising celestial beliefs, male deities and priesthood, might be reflected in the dichotomy of
1277:. With the fire in his hand, he holds control of the center of the Earth. Plutoni used to be worshiped as well. Zojz's daughter is the goddess 441: 2299:
As the wife of the highest god was soaring over the seas to delight in the sight of the order which her husband's wisdom had created, the god
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the tripartite division of the administration of the world into heaven, sea, and underworld, and in the same functions as the Greek deities
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In Albanian epics there are on the one hand female characters who play an active role in the quest and the decisions that affect the whole
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Clayer, Nathalie (2017). "The pilgrimage to Mount Tomor in Albania: A changing sacred place in a changing society". In Tsypylma, Darieva;
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on the god who did that disgrace to him. After some time the highest god accomplished his revenge by hitting Talas with one of his cruel
514:'the Beauty of the Sky', who, according to a modern interpretation of the ancient Albanian pantheon, might be seen as the counterpart of 7472: 1746: 1648: 1073:
Për këtë kokërr rejet, nuk ta kam vjedhë as unë, as kush i shpisë sime e nuk e di se kush ta ka vjedhë! Në të rrejsha, reja më gjoftë!
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Talas had attacked and desecrated her in a shameful manner, so that in future she could no longer be seen among the others. Note that
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According to Albanian folk beliefs, the Sun makes the sky cloudy or clears it up. Albanians used to invoke the Sun and the sky (also
1503:("drop of the sky" or "lightning"), which falls everywhere from heaven on the mountains and the valleys and strikes pride and evil. 7662: 6525:"Mbi strukturĂ«n leksiko-semantike dhe etimologjike tĂ« tipit tĂ« togfjalĂ«shit tĂ« shqipes burri i dheut (MundĂ«sia pĂ«r njĂ« rindĂ«rtim)" 1189: 1188:– like drangue – who fights and slays a huge multi-headed serpent associated with water, storms, and drought – like kulshedra – 758:. Uncapitalized it is also used for "deity", or in some dialects for the "sky, heaven" with both direct and figurative meaning. 6094: 6133:
Gjergj Fishta und das albanische Heldenepos Lahuta e MalcĂ­s, Laute des Hochlandes: eine EinfĂŒhrung in die albanische Sagenwelt
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went dark"). The Sun used to be also invoked when reappearing after the rain, prayed for increased production in agriculture.
6606: 6587: 6332: 6236: 6017:. Vol. VII: Contributions to Comparative Mythology: Studies in Linguistics and Philology, 1972–1982. Walter de Gruyter. 5648: 5425: 5402: 5381: 3538: 1792: 1545:
in Albanian, the Beauty of the Sea and the Beauty of the Earth are kept as figures of Albanian folk beliefs and fairy tales.
187:, depicting simultaneously sacred representations of the sky and the sun, and symbolism of lighning and fire, as well as the 6532: 6419: 1119:
light, fire and hearth worship, expressing the favor of the light within the dualistic struggle between light and darkness.
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The Illyrian plaques represent a practice that links the lightning and the hearth fire, which is similar to the Albanian
5547:"Einheitlichkeit und Spaltung im Laufe des Christianisierungsprozesses der Albaner. Eine ethno-linguistische Fallstudie" 191:
and birds (eagles); the Sun deity is animated with a face and two wings, throwing lightning into a fire altar. Albanian
54:) are pagan beliefs preserved by Albanians since ancient times. In classical antiquity Zojz was presumably worshiped by 8230: 6540:
Vata-Mikeli, Rovena (2023). "Shtresa mitologjike në kënget epike legjendare shqiptare, rasti i Eposit të Kreshnikëve".
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Kölligan, Daniel (2017). "The lexicon of Proto-Indo-European". In Klein, Jared; Joseph, Brian; Fritz, Matthias (eds.).
5850: 5484: 8367: 8340: 6502: 6483: 6460: 6359: 6296: 6208: 6187: 6022: 5953: 5901: 5871: 5750: 5729: 5463: 5324: 5303: 1496: 1223: 803:, which finds correspondences with Albanian folk beliefs and practices, is provided by 6th century BCE plaques from 100:. An epithet considered to be associated with the sky-god is "father", thought to be contained in the Albanian noun 8430: 5681: 5557: 3531: 6616:
Xhuvani, AleksandĂ«r; Gurakuqi, Karl; Kamsi, KolĂ«; Çabej, Ekrem, eds. (1943). "Zojzi nĂ« Shqipni, Zojzi i DodonĂ«s".
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the Greek Sky-God Zeus is paired with Dione, and the geographical coincidence of the Albanian case is remarkable.
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Curtis, Matthew C. (2017). "The phonology of Albanian". In Klein, Jared; Joseph, Brian; Fritz, Matthias (eds.).
8381: 8354: 8032: 7913: 7888: 7800: 7274: 7122: 3513: 1206: 770:
populations—who favored 'Mother Earth Cults' comprising earthly beliefs, female deities and priesthood—and of
8684: 8104: 7570: 5507: 3463: 1781: 447: 316: 224: 146: 121: 876:). After the first access of the ancestors of the Albanians to the Christian religion in antiquity the term 8394: 8182: 7042: 850: 432: 88: 8679: 8653: 8423: 8044: 8027: 7445: 6982: 6351: 3449: 3268: 2272: 1855: 1345:
and giver of life, who fades away the darkness of the world and melts the frost, allowing the renewal of
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and giver of life, who fades away the darkness of the world and melts the frost, allowing the renewal of
767: 541:
and giver of life, who fades away the darkness of the world and melts the frost, allowing the renewal of
165:
and giver of life, who fades away the darkness of the world and melts the frost, allowing the renewal of
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Lelaj, Olsi (2015). "Mbi tatuazhin në shoqërinë shqiptare" [On Tattoo in the Albanian Society].
6054: 3335: 2352: 1214:, an earthly/chthonic deity or demon originating from darkness. Those celestial divine heroes are often 8674: 8260: 8255: 7996: 6957: 3345: 3330: 3325: 3183: 2356: 1506:
According to a modern interpretation, the ancestors of the Albanians presumably had in common with the
1338: 961: 792:. Nevertheless, the Albanian belief system has preserved also the importance of the cult of the earth, 534: 510: 196: 158: 50:
until the early 20th century, and in some forms still continue today. The old beliefs in the Sky (Alb.
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and birds (eagles). In classical antiquity the sky and lightning god Zojz was presumably worshiped by
8577: 8245: 8240: 6987: 1469: 1231: 3419: 2331: 1109: 788: 46:. Regarded as the chief god and the highest of all gods, traces of his worship survived in northern 8094: 3653:
as a condition to be able to participate actively in the fights according to the principles of the
3320: 2360: 1451:) is a reflection of the Indo-European belief according to which the Sun is the eye of the Sky-God 195:
with torrential rains, lightning and hail seek assistance from the supernatural power of the Fire (
977:, the demon of darkness and evil that casues the storms. Indeed, Albanian folk beliefs regard the 8323: 8250: 8067: 6640: 6307: 6174:
and its Parallelisms with Albanian Epic Traditions. Female Warriors in Albanian and Turkic Epics"
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Considered as the chief god and the highest of all gods, traces of Zojz' worship survived in the
1193: 1056: 1009: 897: 870: 771: 651: 623: 228: 1197: 950: 192: 8694: 8635: 8335: 8049: 7934: 3650: 491: 7830: 6471: 5933: 8689: 8572: 8099: 7952: 7825: 7792: 7057: 7027: 6992: 6169: 6079: 5789: 5760:
Fakaj, PĂ«rparim (2022). "Diversity of Popular Expressions in Albanian Dialect Dictionaries".
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Skrita moč bese: Ćœenske v imaginariju albanskega tradicionalizma. Dodatek: Skenderbegov kanon
5241: 2033: 1754: 1562: 1492: 8220: 8121: 6902: 6549: 3444: 3438: 3425: 3397: 2617: 2336: 2145: 1465: 1126: 783: 642:, could be regarded as a feminine counterpart of the Sky-God. An Albanian assonant noun is 204: 23:
Celestial symbols – double-headed eagle and six-pointed star/sun – on the official seal of
8: 8215: 8072: 7318: 7237: 7132: 7082: 7017: 6997: 6952: 6405:. Storia delle letterature di tutto il mondo (in Italian). Vol. 41. Nuova accademia. 5449: 5435: 2087: 1860: 1839: 1464:, alternatively meaning "deity" or "sky") with rainmaking and soil fertility rituals. In 1258:
region in northern Albania until the early 20th century. The local people used to swear "
383: 5972: 5659: 1651:/Vrakull at the foot of Mount Tomorr, which evolved through Albanian sound changes from 1553: 1541:). The phrase "the Beauty of the Sky" continues to be used to refer to the monotheistic 8512: 8446: 8404: 8087: 7815: 7723: 7077: 7012: 6633: 6553: 6273: 5992: 5959: 5920: 5622: 5614: 5537:. Leiden Studies in Indo-European (in German). Vol. 7. Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi. 5521: 5458:. Zeus: A Study in Ancient Religion. Vol. 3 (Part 2). Cambridge University Press. 5394:
Romanian Folklore and its Archaic Heritage: A cultural and Linguistic Comparative Study
3560: 3228: 3099: 2777: 2518: 2190: 2163: 2069: 1871: 1721: 1355:), "the Beauty of the Sky" is the human who is dressed in yellow personifying the Sun. 456: 324: 137: 43: 7900: 7703: 6378: 1644: 1618: 8630: 8522: 8362: 8328: 8295: 8275: 8202: 8177: 8111: 8054: 8019: 7942: 7863: 7858: 7382: 7177: 7137: 7112: 6947: 6907: 6602: 6583: 6561: 6498: 6479: 6456: 6433:. Vol. 1. Universiteti ShtetĂ«ror i TiranĂ«s, Instituti i HistorisĂ« dhe GjuhĂ«sisĂ«. 6355: 6344: 6328: 6292: 6232: 6204: 6183: 6156: 6143: 6107: 6039: 6018: 5963: 5949: 5897: 5867: 5846: 5827: 5777: 5746: 5725: 5699: 5644: 5626: 5525: 5480: 5459: 5421: 5398: 5377: 5320: 5299: 3315: 2937: 2197: 2123: 2051: 1961: 1943: 1932: 1626: 1270: 1052: 832: 638: 632: 407: 306: 220: 126: 70: 63: 7739: 5885:(PhD) (in Albanian). Tirana: University of Tirana, Faculty of History and Philology. 5577: 1349:. During the ceremonial ritual of celebration of the first day of spring (Albanian: 8607: 8547: 8487: 8290: 8210: 8082: 8015: 7875: 7820: 7805: 7693: 7610: 7435: 7414: 7254: 7092: 6897: 6854: 6265: 6222: 6066: 5988: 5941: 5842:
Light and Shadow: Isolation and Interaction in the Shala Valley of Northern Albania
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Bulo, Jorgo (1997). "Mali i shenjtë i Tomorrit. Nga kulti pagan te miti romantik".
3380: 3223: 3114: 2981: 2956: 2722: 2552: 2464: 2459: 2364: 2260: 2238: 2201: 2116: 1916: 1823: 1803: 1574: 1537: 1531: 1322: 1310: 1289: 1044: 755: 560: 522: 516: 411: 208: 175: 117: 6182:. Studies on South East Europe. Vol. 26. LIT Verlag MĂŒnster. pp. 45–53. 6000: 5455:
Zeus: Zeus, God of the Dark Sky (earthquakes, clouds, wind, dew, rain, meteorites)
2748: 1476:(Mount "Holy Sun"). Children used to dress a boy with fresh branches, calling him 19: 8527: 8265: 8159: 8154: 8077: 8059: 8037: 7848: 7639: 7622: 7616: 7575: 7509: 7492: 6681: 6577: 6573: 6524: 6513: 6450: 6444:(Thesis). University of Copenhagen, Department of Nordic Studies and Linguistics. 6439: 6428: 6411: 6400: 6382: 6322: 6286: 6246: 6226: 6198: 6177: 6131: 6120: 6033: 6012: 5996: 5984: 5891: 5883:
Marrëdhënie të miteve dhe kulteve të bregdetit të Jonit me areale të tjera mitike
5861: 5840: 5815: 5804: 5740: 5719: 5670: 5638: 5610: 5565: 5542: 5474: 5453: 5439: 5392: 5371: 5356: 5314: 5293: 3681: 3654: 3646: 3467: 3434: 3371: 3200: 3158: 3128: 2703: 2674: 2557: 2445: 2395: 2368: 2208: 2044: 2006: 1979: 1898: 1614: 1507: 1267: 1242: 679: 333: 3000: 2763: 2493: 2469: 1351: 1337:("the Beauty of the Sky"), a phrase that is used in pagan contexts for the Sun ( 157:("the Beauty of the Sky"), a phrase that is used in pagan contexts for the Sun ( 8285: 8280: 7835: 7456: 7450: 7333: 7202: 7002: 6797: 6104:
Revista Santuårios, Cultura, Arte, Romarias, PeregrinaçÔes, Paisagens e Pessoas
6011:(1985). "Linguistic Evidence in Comparative Mythology". In Stephen Rudy (ed.). 6008: 5809:. Pubblicazione del R. Istituto orientale di Napoli. Napoli: Achille Cimmaruta. 5591: 3020: 2995: 2976: 2898: 2717: 2656: 2538: 2498: 2040: 1999: 1846: 1652: 991: 885: 667: 421: 109: 7905: 5352: 1909: 1525:, they would have worshiped the deities referred to as the Beauty of the Sky ( 8668: 8149: 7810: 7197: 7157: 6718: 6565: 6557: 6218: 6160: 6111: 5831: 5781: 3454: 2888: 2863: 2843: 2684: 2642: 2597: 2533: 2435: 2300: 1936: 1891: 1832: 1706: 1702: 1668: 1318: 1181: 1130: 943: 841: 793: 569: 278: 274: 79: 39: 7895: 6441:
Sigmatic Verbal Formations in Anatolian and Indo-European: A Cladistic Study
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The Crescent and the Eagle: Ottoman rule, Islam and the Albanians, 1874–1913
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The Albanian Bektashi: History and Culture of a Dervish Order in the Balkans
5496:"Linguistic evidence for the Indo-European and Albanian origin of Aphrodite" 3010: 2076: 8552: 8194: 7840: 7745: 7590: 7167: 7152: 6314:
DPEWA - Digitales Philologisch-Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altalbanischen
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Huld, Martin E. (1985). "An Indo-European Accentual Contrast in Albanian".
5715: 5634: 5516: 5495: 4515: 4513: 4511: 3619: 3123: 2913: 2814: 2768: 2743: 2733: 2607: 2592: 2528: 2430: 2219: 2215: 2130: 1766: 1566: 1342: 1301: 1219: 1150: 1098: 1033: 934: 804: 538: 475: 416: 239: 215:
in central Albania) performed with pilgrimages, prayers to the Sun, ritual
212: 207:
invoke the Sky and the Sun. The cult practiced by the Albanians on several
200: 184: 162: 7776: 6070: 5945: 5672:
Islam in Albanian Lands During the First Two Centuries of the Ottoman Rule
2883: 1473: 719:"heat of the day-time sky", with the stress falling on the second member. 7781: 7387: 7313: 7298: 7147: 7102: 6977: 6942: 6748: 6708: 6342:
Pipa, Arshi (1993). "The Mythology of Albania". In Bonnefoy, Yves (ed.).
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The sky is often paired with the earth in Albanian oath swearings, e.g.:
1185: 1029: 938: 889: 836: 816: 328: 262: 261:. An Albanian mythical tale concerning the highest of the gods, who uses 188: 74: 5924: 5687: 5618: 4508: 1621:
and many others) performed with pilgrimages, prayers to the Sun, ritual
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that emerges from the two types of female warriors/active characters in
145:
in south-central Albania is considered as a continuation of the ancient
8492: 8318: 7969: 7957: 7870: 7708: 7293: 7244: 7227: 7022: 6972: 6844: 6827: 6822: 6787: 6728: 6713: 6389:
Traditional Songs and other Essays from the Albanian Colonies of Sicily
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Poghirc, Cicerone (1987). "Albanian Religion". In Mircea Eliade (ed.).
5773: 5413: 4257: 3570: 3473: 3214: 3109: 2941: 2508: 2309: 1730: 1689:
An Albanian mythical tale concerning the highest of the gods, who uses
1640: 1297: 1274: 866: 779: 775: 737:"break of the daylight, to be bright, to shine", contains the PIE root 460: 428: 105: 24: 8532: 7979: 7718: 6277: 3575: 3407: 2823: 2637: 2420: 985:("the Fire of the Sky") and consider it as the "weapon of the deity" ( 750: 294: 258: 8507: 8415: 7668: 7627: 7462: 7419: 7397: 7308: 7259: 7117: 7067: 6932: 6874: 6869: 6864: 6812: 6743: 6696: 6656: 3366: 3133: 3044: 3030: 2927: 2908: 2503: 2098: 1972: 1954: 1882: 1864: 1814: 1788: 1250:, where traces of Zojz' worship survived until the early 20th century 1234:(lit. "the Fire"), who notably is born with the Sun on his forehead. 1211: 1165: 1021: 997: 978: 974: 824: 820: 808: 427:(with the stress falling on the second member), an old compound for ' 170: 59: 55: 7678: 7466: 6256:
Mann, Stuart E. (1952). "The Indo-European Consonants in Albanian".
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Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz
3504: 3392: 3195: 3065: 2986: 2758: 1659:, suggests the existence of an oracle in the area during antiquity. 1293: 8270: 8001: 7974: 7770: 7728: 7633: 7600: 7482: 7477: 7440: 7392: 7365: 7348: 7343: 7222: 7187: 7162: 7107: 7097: 7062: 7047: 6962: 6937: 6927: 6922: 6859: 6849: 6817: 6780: 6758: 6753: 6733: 6723: 6701: 6686: 6384:
Canti tradizionali ed altri saggi delle colonie albanesi di Sicilia
6373:. Vol. 1. New York: MacMillan Publishing Co. pp. 178–180. 6269: 5938:
The Indo-European Language Family : A Phylogenetic Perspective
5444:. Zeus: A Study in Ancient Religion. Vol. 1. Biblo and Tannen. 4422: 4420: 3497: 3491: 3084: 3060: 2961: 2951: 2828: 2627: 2488: 2479: 2474: 2440: 2223: 2183: 2138: 2134: 2058: 1995: 1636:"By Him of Tomorr" and "By the Holy One of Tomorr", and practicing 1622: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1518: 1510: 1314: 1138: 1037: 812: 486: 465: 216: 8587: 7530: 7526: 7338: 3350: 3188: 3070: 2698: 1606: 1032:. It was believed that bringing them inside the house could bring 957: 873: 508:
In Albanian the god/lord of the sky/heaven is also referred to as
8557: 8482: 8472: 8300: 8131: 7947: 7918: 7760: 7713: 7698: 7656: 7605: 7565: 7514: 7402: 7303: 7269: 7249: 7232: 7218: 7127: 7072: 7052: 6839: 6807: 6802: 6792: 6775: 6770: 6765: 6691: 6676: 6200:
The Routledge Dictionary of Gods and Goddesses, Devils and Demons
5979:(in Albanian) (36). Instituti Albanologjik i PrishtinĂ«s: 349–361. 3565: 3485: 3362: 3282: 3055: 2922: 2858: 2833: 2804: 2799: 2708: 2679: 2572: 2567: 2562: 2543: 2450: 2372: 2348: 2344: 2022: 1950: 1878: 1828: 1570: 1460: 1421: 1255: 1247: 1215: 1161: 1002: 970: 930: 811:
tribal area of what was referred in historical sources to as the
800: 370: 246: 242: 180: 47: 35: 6620:(in Gheg Albanian). Tirana: Ministria e Arsimit. pp. 18–22. 6122:
Albanische MĂ€rchen (und andere Texte zur albanischen Volkskunde)
6035:
Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics
5839:
Galaty, Michael; Lafe, Ols; Lee, Wayne; Tafilica, Zamir (2013).
5476:
Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics
4417: 2966: 2753: 1472:, Albanians used to pray to the Sun, in particular facing Mount 130:
is the Albanian tradition according to which the dawn goddess –
8602: 8597: 8562: 8542: 8537: 8502: 8462: 8136: 8126: 8116: 7989: 7984: 7853: 7765: 7755: 7750: 7733: 7688: 7673: 7595: 7560: 7520: 7487: 7430: 7424: 7377: 7371: 7323: 7192: 7172: 7142: 7087: 7032: 7007: 6967: 6917: 6912: 6834: 6738: 6102:
Krasniqi, Shensi (2014). "Pilgrimages in mountains in Kosovo".
4792: 4790: 4788: 3677: 3580: 3479: 3387: 3357: 3340: 3263: 3235: 3080: 3005: 2971: 2873: 2809: 2651: 2156: 2152: 2080: 2062: 2017: 1990: 1968: 1762: 1637: 1578: 1346: 1278: 1226:("the Daughter of the Moon and the Sun") who is referred to as 1177: 1154: 1142: 893: 694: 579: 542: 526:'the Beauty of the Sea', who also appear in Albanian folklore. 254: 250: 166: 142: 131: 4456: 1292:, is regarded as the Albanian equivalent of the Indo-European 257:. Another possible name of the sky and lightning god could be 8592: 8582: 8567: 8517: 8497: 8477: 8457: 7683: 7585: 7555: 7543: 7503: 7497: 7360: 7354: 7283: 7182: 7037: 6879: 6055:"Un regard critique sur l'ethnographie de la mort en Albanie" 5721:
A Dictionary of Albanian Religion, Mythology and Folk Culture
5373:
Albanian Grammar: With Exercises, Chrestomathy and Glossaries
4959: 4432: 3585: 3401: 3375: 3204: 2847: 2788: 2689: 2632: 2602: 2112: 2107: 2103: 2094: 2013: 1923: 1850: 1698: 1647:
was correlated with the sacred site. The name of the village
1602: 1522: 1452: 1173: 1169: 1134: 1125:
Albanian beliefs, myths and legends are organized around the
854: 744:
This root is thought to be found also in the second element (
594: 482: 470: 450: 402: 379: 374: 311: 270: 97: 92: 6625: 4785: 4405: 4393: 1028:. Thunder-stones were preserved in family life as important 8141: 7646: 6476:
Traditional Storytelling Today: An International Sourcebook
5983: 4836: 4834: 4832: 4444: 4263: 4172: 3965: 3963: 3961: 3864: 2582: 2179: 2174: 1986: 1905: 1819: 1810: 1514: 1499:("the Daughter of the Moon and the Sun") is referred to as 1048: 845: 496: 406:
and the epithet "father" are thought to be contained in an
337: 232: 83: 5171: 5169: 4775: 4773: 4771: 4720: 4580: 4324: 4322: 4320: 4305: 2339:– always begin with a ritual praise to the supreme being: 1378:), "by the sun who makes the sky cloudy or clears it up" ( 1061:) is taken by a thunder-stone "which comes from the sky" ( 1008:
Albanians traditionally believed in the supreme powers of
227:
sky-god worship. The cult of the Sky is also preserved in
6615: 4937: 4935: 4933: 4902: 4802: 3931: 3929: 3848: 3846: 3844: 3842: 3840: 3712: 2335:– the traditional songs of the heroic legendary cycle of 1705:, has been documented in the early 20th century from the 1694: 1542: 1184:. The legendary battle of a heroic deity associated with 1025: 881: 277:, has been documented in the early 20th century from the 266: 5420:. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press. pp. 125–142. 5418:
SakralitĂ€t und MobilitĂ€t im Kaukasus und in SĂŒdosteuropa
5250:, pp. 63, 71, 112–117, 137–140, 163, 164, 191, 192. 5217: 4829: 4819: 4817: 4343: 4341: 4339: 4337: 3958: 2256: 1629:, is very widespread in Albanian inhabited territories. 1569:, the highest and most inaccessible mountain of central 1333:
In Albanian the god who rules the sky is referred to as
153:
In Albanian the god who rules the sky is referred to as
6179:
Penser le multiculturalisme dans les marges de l'Europe
5181: 5166: 4768: 4708: 4558: 4556: 4353: 4317: 4293: 4269: 4247: 4245: 4156: 4154: 4152: 4139: 4137: 4135: 4034: 4032: 4030: 2375:. The ora represent the "moment of the day" (Albanian: 2170: 700: 6579:
How to Kill a Dragon: Aspects of Indo-European Poetics
6391:] (in Albanian and Italian). Stab. tip. L. Pierro. 5258: 5256: 5000: 4998: 4947: 4930: 4641:, pp. 68–69, 135, 176–181, 249–261, 274–282, 327. 3948: 3946: 3944: 3926: 3837: 1168:, a conflict that symbolises the cyclic return in the 1088: 5838: 4971: 4814: 4738: 4592: 4468: 4334: 4281: 4230: 3807: 3805: 933:
is provided by 6th century BCE Illyrian plaques from
183:
is provided by 6th century BCE Illyrian plaques from
6412:"Ngjashmëri të hyjnive homerike dhe atyre shqiptare" 5661:
Some tribal origins, laws and customs of the Balkans
5229: 5082: 4983: 4568: 4553: 4242: 4149: 4132: 4096: 4084: 4027: 2359:), the stars, the clouds, the lightning, the Earth ( 1063:
beja me gur/kokërr reje/rrufeje që vjen nga perëndia
754:, one of the nouns used in Albanian to refer to the 420:. It is traditionally considered to be derived from 5268: 5253: 5022: 5010: 4995: 4525: 4365: 3941: 2403: 919: 662:, "By our God/Lord", and in Old Albanian texts for 231:. The Sky (Qielli) is often paired with the Earth ( 6343: 6251:. Vol. II, N–Z. Longmans, Green and Co., LTD. 5686:. Naim FrashĂ«ri Publishing Company. Archived from 4120: 3802: 3684:as the cornerstone of personal and social conduct. 319:daylight-sky-god. Cognates stemming from the noun 6542:ALBANOLOGJIA International Journal of Albanology 6472:"The Albanian World in the Folk Teller's Stories" 3790: 3610:The indefinite Albanian forms of the theonym are 989:). An Albanian word to refer to the lightning is 8666: 5940:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 223–245. 5570:"RrĂ«njĂ« dhe degĂ« tĂ« krishterimit ndĂ«r shqiptarĂ«" 5500:Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 4377: 1565:, Zojz resides on the peak of mountains such as 951:ritual traditionally performed during big storms 865:was presumably used in Albanian to refer to the 766:The confrontation between the belief systems of 323:with a similar phonological development are the 27:, the Lord of Albania (D · AL Dominus Albaniae). 6346:American, African, and Old European mythologies 5931: 4462: 4160: 3827: 3732: 1548: 6515:Arhiv za Arbanasku starinu, jezik i etnologiju 5977:Gjurmime Albanologjike - Folklor Dhe Etnologji 5813: 5794:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2024 ( 5675:. Department of History of Bilkent University. 5343:Çabej, Eqrem (1966). "Albanische Volkskunde". 5316:Flamuri i Kombit Shqiptar: origjina, lashtĂ«sia 4965: 4884: 4654: 4216: 3908: 1446: 1440: 1434: 1425: 1415: 1409: 1403: 1397: 1391: 1385: 1379: 1373: 1367: 1359: 1196:. The original legend may have symbolized the 955: 728: 706: 553: 223:, is considered a continuation of the ancient 8431: 6641: 6176:. In Nikol Dziub, Greta Komur-Thilloy (ed.). 5913:Zeitschrift fĂŒr vergleichende Sprachforschung 5845:. The Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press. 5814:Fishta, Gjergj; Lambertz, Maximilian (1958). 3539: 2280: 1202:, a clash between forces of order and chaos. 6217: 5816:"Die Laute des Hochlandes (Lahuta e malcis)" 5370:Camaj, Martin; Fox, Leonard (January 1984). 5336:Perla, revistĂ« shkencore-kulturore tremujore 1557:View of Mount Tomorr from the Tunja village. 6539: 6518:. Vol. I. R. Trofenik. pp. 27–33. 6478:. Translated by Pranvera Xhelo. Routledge. 6264:(1). Linguistic Society of America: 31–40. 6167: 5199: 4426: 1020:), which were believed to be formed during 861:In the pre-Christian pagan period the term 8438: 8424: 6648: 6634: 6493:Tirta, Mark (2004). Petrit Bezhani (ed.). 5932:Hyllested, Adam; Joseph, Brian D. (2022). 3546: 3532: 2287: 2273: 1433:The Albanian oath taken "by the eye-sun" ( 1325:("The Beauty of the Sea"), a sea-goddess. 908:), as well as expressly 'by Zojz', Alb.: " 588:) are considered to contain the PAlb root 365:. In Albanian it further assibilated into 6452:GojĂ«dhana e pĂ«rrallĂ«za tĂ« botĂ«s shqiptare 6426: 6248:An Historical Albanian-English Dictionary 5515: 4779: 1372:), "by the sun who lights up the earth" ( 199:, evidently also called with the theonym 134:– is the daughter of the sky god – Zojz. 6129: 6118: 6101: 6087:STUDIME, RevistĂ« pĂ«r studime filologjike 6077: 6031: 6007: 5493: 5390: 5369: 5365:, Instituti i GjuhĂ«sisĂ« dhe i LetĂ«rsisĂ«. 5363:Akademia e Shkencave e RPS tĂ« ShqipĂ«risĂ« 5358:Studime etimologjike nĂ« fushĂ« tĂ« shqipes 5291: 5187: 5160: 5136: 5124: 5040: 4953: 4880: 4650: 4519: 4411: 4359: 4275: 4212: 4180: 4114: 4021: 3904: 3872: 3831: 3784: 3764: 3740: 3728: 1662: 1552: 1328: 1281:, widely worshiped in northern Albania. 1241: 929:Early evidence of the celestial cult in 799:Early evidence of the celestial cult in 293: 136: 18: 6572: 6511: 6368: 5889: 5859: 5657: 5633: 5564: 5541: 5532: 5203: 5148: 5068: 4860: 4762: 4758: 4754: 4726: 4634: 4622: 4598: 4586: 4474: 4347: 4200: 4192: 4188: 4184: 3892: 3884: 3880: 3876: 1480:. After the ritual people used to say: 896:). The cult of the sky is preserved in 831:is the clear equivalent and cognate of 722: 685:, obtained through the assimilation of 369:. Other Indo-European cognates are the 141:The cult practiced by the Albanians on 69:is the clear equivalent and cognate of 8667: 8445: 6522: 6469: 6448: 6437: 6395: 6377: 6196: 5975:[Albanian Traditional Cults]. 5472: 5411: 5312: 5175: 5100: 5076: 4989: 4977: 4896: 4892: 4888: 4868: 4823: 4808: 4666: 4662: 4658: 4543: 4486: 4450: 4311: 4251: 4236: 4224: 4220: 4176: 4143: 4066: 3985: 3920: 3916: 3912: 3868: 3852: 3823: 3776: 3736: 2324: 1237: 8419: 6629: 6497:(in Albanian). Tirana: MĂ«sonjĂ«torja. 6492: 6409: 6228:Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture 6140: 6052: 5880: 5802: 5759: 5738: 5714: 5697: 5679: 5351: 5342: 5247: 5235: 5211: 5207: 5108: 5088: 5064: 5060: 5048: 5044: 5004: 4941: 4924: 4920: 4908: 4856: 4852: 4840: 4796: 4750: 4746: 4742: 4702: 4698: 4678: 4638: 4618: 4610: 4574: 4562: 4547: 4531: 4498: 4494: 4438: 4102: 4090: 4074: 4050: 4017: 4013: 4001: 3997: 3981: 3969: 3935: 3811: 3760: 3748: 3744: 3716: 3708: 3704: 900:, which are often taken by sky (e.g. 6596: 6533:Albanological Institute of Prishtina 6474:. In Margaret Read MacDonald (ed.). 6420:Albanological Institute of Prishtina 6341: 6320: 6305: 6284: 6255: 6244: 6168:Loria-Rivel, Gustavo Adolfo (2020). 5970: 5910: 5668: 5589: 5448: 5434: 5333: 5274: 5262: 5223: 5112: 5104: 5072: 5028: 5016: 4864: 4714: 4694: 4682: 4614: 4502: 4490: 4399: 4383: 4371: 4328: 4299: 4287: 4196: 4126: 4078: 4070: 4054: 4038: 3952: 3888: 3796: 3780: 3756: 3752: 1358:Albanians often swear solemn oaths ( 1321:. The sister of e Bukura e Dheut is 1067: 924: 678:). It is equivalent to the Albanian 503: 440:('sky, heaven, bright') attached to 6582:. London: Oxford University Press. 6203:. Routledge, Taylor & Francis. 6095:Kosova Academy of Sciences and Arts 1089:Dualistic struggle – cosmic renewal 912:". A typical folk expression says: 869:, father-god, heavenly father (the 13: 6038:. Vol. 3. Walter de Gruyter. 5479:. Vol. 3. Walter de Gruyter. 1495:folk song of mythological nature, 1176:world of death, accomplishing the 455:and with its various descendants: 14: 8706: 8341:Prehistory of Southeastern Europe 6402:Storia della letteratura albanese 6014:Roman Jakobson: Selected Writings 5866:. London: IB Tauris. p. 36. 5700:"The Christian Saints of Albania" 5441:Zeus: Zeus, god of the bright sky 3651:undergo a masculinization process 711:"day-time heat" derives from PIE 124:associated with the dawn goddess 8649: 8648: 8400: 8399: 6324:Albanian Etymological Dictionary 6291:. Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag. 6001:"The Albanian inherited lexicon" 5806:Grammatica della lingua albanese 5558:Academy of Albanological Studies 4522:, pp. 47, 143–144, 146–148. 3787:, pp. 47, 143–144, 146–148. 3767:, pp. 47, 143–144, 146–148. 2402: 2255: 1745: 1684: 1535:), and the Beauty of the Earth ( 1381:PĂ«r atĂ« diell qĂ« vran e kthiell! 1145:renewal. Ritual calendar fires ( 1141:, which cyclically produces the 1108: 1097: 920:Cult, practices and folk beliefs 626:variant of the Albanian theonym 6427:Shuteriqi, DhimitĂ«r S. (1959). 6153:Centre of Albanological Studies 5724:. London: Hurst & Company. 5319:. Enti Botues "Gjergj Fishta". 5284: 5193: 5154: 5142: 5130: 5118: 5094: 5054: 5034: 4914: 4874: 4846: 4732: 4688: 4672: 4644: 4628: 4604: 4537: 4480: 4206: 4166: 4108: 4060: 4044: 4007: 3991: 3975: 3898: 3660: 3639: 3288:Reconciliation Movement in 1990 2231: 1482:Do kemi shi se u nxi ShĂ«ndĂ«lliu 1384:), "by the sun who got tired" ( 1375:PĂ«r atĂ« diell qĂ« shndrit token! 1313:("The Beauty of the Earth"), a 7914:Albanian traditional tattooing 7801:Central Bosnian cultural group 6438:SĂžborg, Tobias MosbĂŠk (2020). 6288:An Albanian Historical Grammar 5973:"Kulte tradicionale shqiptare" 5896:. Cambridge University Press. 5683:Albanian Folktales and Legends 5416:; Tonchev, Svetoslava (eds.). 3858: 3817: 3770: 3722: 3698: 3649:, on the other hand those who 3604: 3159:Kanun (Albanian customary law) 1207:Albanian traditional tattooing 548: 520:'the Beauty of the Earth' and 446:('father'), thus a cognate to 235:) in Albanian oath swearings. 16:Albanian sky and lightning god 1: 8105:Battle of Dyrrhachium (48 BC) 6655: 6599:Indo-European Poetry and Myth 6130:Lambertz, Maximilian (1949). 6119:Lambertz, Maximilian (1922). 5508:Linguistic Society of America 5298:(in Slovenian). ZaloĆŸba ZRC. 3680:) are of major importance in 3592: 1782:Proto-Indo-European mythology 1390:), "by the face of the sun" ( 1387:pĂ«r atĂ« diell qĂ« vete lodhur! 973:for his struggle against the 395: 122:Proto-Indo-European mythology 120:. A remarkable reflection of 6371:The Encyclopedia of Religion 6306:Neri, Sergio (2021). "din". 5936:. In Olander, Thomas (ed.). 5893:The Unwritten Law in Albania 5611:10.5771/0257-9774-2005-2-449 5376:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. 3691: 1709:region in northern Albania. 1549:Mountain cult and sacrifices 1497:e Bija e HĂ«nĂ«s dhe e Diellit 1484:("We will have rain because 1439:), "by the eye of the sun" ( 1402:), "by the eye of the sun" ( 1224:e Bija e HĂ«nĂ«s dhe e Diellit 289: 281:region in northern Albania. 7: 8033:Alexander's Balkan campaign 8028:Illyrian invasion of Epirus 6601:. Oxford University Press. 6430:Historia e letĂ«rsisĂ« shqipe 6352:University of Chicago Press 4463:Hyllested & Joseph 2022 4161:Hyllested & Joseph 2022 3828:Hyllested & Joseph 2022 3733:Hyllested & Joseph 2022 3269:Albanian National Awakening 2382: 1856:Saint George vs. the Dragon 1712: 1679:pasha tokĂ«n e pasha qiellin 1643:of animals—long before the 1273:), the god of fire and the 1222:among Albanians), but also 849:, the continuations of the 390: 193:rituals to avert big storms 10: 8711: 6321:Orel, Vladimir E. (1998). 5890:Hasluck, Margaret (2015). 5820:SĂŒdosteuropĂ€ische Arbeiten 4966:Fishta & Lambertz 1958 4885:Fishta & Lambertz 1958 4655:Fishta & Lambertz 1958 4217:Fishta & Lambertz 1958 3909:Fishta & Lambertz 1958 2341:"Lum pĂ«r ty o i lumi Zot!" 1666: 1529:), the Beauty of the Sea ( 1414:), "by the ray of light" ( 1393:pĂ«r atĂ« fytyrĂ« tĂ« diellit! 1024:and to be fallen from the 987:arma/shtiza/pushka e zotit 761: 741:"to be bright, to shine". 701:"Heat of the day-time sky" 533:is also used for the Sun ( 400:The zero grade radical of 173:as the "fire of the sky" ( 8644: 8621: 8453: 8390: 8353: 8311: 8193: 8170: 8014: 7933: 7791: 7268: 7211: 6890: 6667: 6663: 6495:Mitologjia ndĂ«r shqiptarĂ« 6470:Sokoli, Ramadan (2013) . 6078:Krasniqi, Nysret (2019). 5745:. Bloomsbury Publishing. 5533:Demiraj, Bardhyl (1997). 5494:Dedvukaj, Lindon (2023). 5391:Chelariu, Ana R. (2023). 5292:Berishaj, Martin (2004). 5047:, pp. 75, 113, 116; 1470:Albanian Ionian Sea Coast 914:Beja me rrĂȘna ka rrufenĂ«! 361:underwent affrication to 8468:Constantin and DoruntinĂ« 6449:Sokoli, Ramadan (2000). 6245:Mann, Stuart E. (1948). 6197:Lurker, Manfred (2005). 5860:Gawrych, George (2006). 4501:, pp. 42, 68, 439; 4441:, pp. 189–190, 230. 4402:, pp. 167, 242–244. 3597: 1071: 823:as the ancestors of the 807:, which belonged to the 203:). Albanian rituals for 116:), used to refer to the 58:as the ancestors of the 44:Albanian pagan mythology 8324:Origin of the Albanians 8045:Dardanian–Bastarnic war 6523:Ushaku, Ruzhdi (1988). 6410:Sedaj, EngjĂ«ll (1982). 6285:Mann, Stuart E (1977). 5776:(inactive 2024-08-26). 5762:Buletini Shkencor Reald 5658:Durham, Edith (1928b). 5592:"Mythology and Destiny" 4799:, pp. 72, 127–128. 3274:Albanian revolt of 1911 1288:, used to refer to the 1194:Indo-European mythology 1047:, the heaviest type of 898:Albanian oath swearings 874:father daylight-sky-god 786:, in particular in the 353:, the original cluster 284: 8636:Paleo-Balkan mythology 8336:History of the Balkans 8050:Invasions of Epidamnus 7935:Religion and mythology 6529:Gjurmime Albanologjike 6416:Gjurmime Albanologjike 6053:Kondi, Bledar (2017). 5971:Hysi, Shyqyri (2006). 5803:Feizi, Abidin (1929). 5739:Elsie, Robert (2019). 5698:Elsie, Robert (2000). 5680:Elsie, Robert (1994). 5517:10.3765/plsa.v8i1.5500 5163:, pp. 47, 146–148 5139:, pp. 47, 146–148 5127:, pp. 47, 146–148 5103:, pp. 92, 95–97; 4489:, pp. 92, 95–97; 4117:, pp. 47, 146–148 4069:, pp. 92, 95–97; 3682:Albanian customary law 1656: 1558: 1447: 1441: 1435: 1426: 1416: 1410: 1404: 1398: 1392: 1386: 1380: 1374: 1368: 1360: 1251: 1078: 956: 729: 707: 693:. At the sanctuary of 568:"Goddess, Lady" (e.g. 564:"nymph, goddess", and 529:In Albanian tradition 299: 150: 28: 8060:Roman-Macedonian wars 7826:Glasinac-Mati culture 7463:Dyrrhachium/Epidamnus 7058:Glaucias of Taulantii 7028:Eleutherius and Antia 6993:Constantine the Great 6231:, London: Routledge, 6071:10.3917/ethn.172.0277 5946:10.1017/9781108758666 5881:Gjoni, Irena (2012). 5669:Egro, Dritan (2003). 5590:Doja, Albert (2005). 5313:Brahaj, Jaho (2007). 5051:, pp. 62, 81–87. 4753:, pp. 181, 244; 4497:, pp. 193, 244; 4453:, pp. 92, 95–97. 4429:, pp. 47–48, 52. 4053:, pp. 193, 244; 3514:Traditional tattooing 2034:Zoroastrian mythology 1755:Comparative mythology 1663:Sky and Earth pairing 1563:Albanian folk beliefs 1556: 1427:pĂ«r kĂ«tĂ« rreze dielli 1396:), "by the eye-sun" ( 1329:Relation with the Sun 1296:. The worship of the 1245: 1218:(the most widespread 297: 229:Albanian solemn oaths 140: 22: 8685:Sky and weather gods 8095:Roman–Dalmatian wars 7836:Monte Saraceno woman 6903:Anastasius I Dicorus 6597:West, M. L. (2007). 6550:University of Tetova 6059:Ethnologie française 5450:Cook, Arthur Bernard 5436:Cook, Arthur Bernard 5226:, pp. 456, 459. 5214:, pp. 181, 244. 5206:, pp. 178–179; 5202:, pp. 429–431; 4911:, pp. 193, 244. 4741:, pp. 155–157; 4701:, pp. 121–132; 4697:, pp. 449–462; 4617:, pp. 449–462; 4414:, pp. 6, 19–21. 4360:Camaj & Fox 1984 4314:, pp. 434, 436. 4195:, pp. 431–432; 4000:, pp. 307–313; 3984:, pp. 82, 309; 3887:, pp. 431–432; 2618:Highlands of Gjakova 2337:Albanian epic poetry 2146:Babylonian mythology 1445:) or "by the star" ( 1417:pĂ«r kĂ«tĂ« rreze drite 1341:), worshiped as the 1306:Albanian solemn oath 784:Albanian epic poetry 636:, parallel to Latin 537:), worshiped as the 238:The Albanian divine 161:), worshiped as the 8183:Proposed vocabulary 7831:GradistĂ« belt-plate 7133:Peter the Patrician 7083:Irenaeus of Sirmium 7018:Demetrius of Pharos 6998:Constantius Chlorus 6953:Bato the Daesitiate 6080:"Topofilia letrare" 5993:Lubotsky, Alexander 5643:. LO Beacon Press. 5397:. Springer Nature. 5115:, pp. 349–350. 5063:, p. 169–170; 4855:, p. 169–170; 4843:, pp. 252–254. 4811:, pp. 411–439. 4765:, pp. 120–125. 4745:, pp. 91–118; 4729:, pp. 299–300. 4717:, pp. 358–359. 4685:, pp. 253–254. 4589:, pp. 102–106. 4550:, pp. 82, 309. 4505:, pp. 349–350. 4331:, pp. 162–163. 4302:, pp. 583–584. 4081:, pp. 349–350. 3972:, pp. 82, 406. 3713:Xhuvani et al. 1943 3229:BukĂ«, KripĂ« e ZemĂ«r 2390:Part of a series on 2325:In oral epic poetry 2088:Canaanite mythology 1840:Christian mythology 1645:shrine of Abbas Ali 1238:Role and attributes 1186:thunder and weather 867:sky father/god/lord 851:Proto-Indo-European 650:, which appears in 317:Proto-Indo-European 89:Proto-Indo-European 8680:Albanian mythology 8631:Illyrian mythology 8513:Little Constantine 8447:Albanian mythology 8100:Caesar's civil war 7734:Tragurion (Trogir) 7334:Aspalathos (Split) 7275:cities/settlements 7212:Political entities 7078:Gratianus Funarius 6309:Wörterbuch – DPEWA 6136:. O. Harrassowitz. 6125:. Wien: A. Hölder. 5774:10.59858/BSHR10012 5345:SĂŒdost-Forschungen 5210:, pp. 68–82; 4923:, pp. 71–72; 4749:, pp. 68–82; 4739:Galaty et al. 2013 4546:, pp. 16–18; 4020:, pp. 81–87; 3779:, pp. 16–18; 3561:Albanian mythology 2519:Dukagjin highlands 2413:Tribes and regions 2191:Japanese mythology 2164:Egyptian mythology 2070:Romanian mythology 1872:Albanian mythology 1722:a Mythology series 1559: 1527:i Bukuri i Qiellit 1466:rainmaking rituals 1408:), "by the star" ( 1335:i Bukuri i Qiellit 1284:The Albanian noun 1252: 880:has been used for 727:The Albanian verb 705:The Albanian term 531:i Bukuri i Qiellit 511:i Bukuri i Qiellit 341:. In the Albanian 315:, the name of the 300: 155:i Bukuri i Qiellit 151: 29: 8675:Albanian paganism 8662: 8661: 8573:Tale of the Eagle 8413: 8412: 8349: 8348: 8329:Albanian paganism 8296:Pannonia Superior 8276:Pannonia Inferior 8203:Illyrian emperors 8055:Illyro-Roman Wars 7502:Iader or Idassa ( 7113:Marcellinus Comes 6948:Bato the Breucian 6908:Artas of Messapia 6608:978-0-19-928075-9 6589:978-0-19-514413-0 6334:978-90-04-11024-3 6238:978-1-884964-98-5 6223:Adams, Douglas Q. 6219:Mallory, James P. 6144:Kultura Popullore 5989:Starostin, Sergei 5826:. R. Oldenbourg. 5650:978-0-8070-7035-2 5585:. ShkodĂ«r: 58–78. 5427:978-3-7001-8099-9 5404:978-3-031-04051-1 5383:978-3-447-02467-9 5338:(4). TiranĂ«: 3–7. 4944:, pp. 85–86. 4290:, pp. 71–72. 4004:, pp. 85–86. 3988:, pp. 16–18. 3938:, pp. 71–72. 3855:, pp. 16–18. 3556: 3555: 3521: 3520: 3420:KĂąngĂ« KreshnikĂ«sh 3296: 3295: 3244: 3243: 3164: 3163: 3142: 3141: 2332:KĂąngĂ« KreshnikĂ«sh 2297: 2296: 2198:Susanoo no Mikoto 2124:Chinese mythology 2052:Persian mythology 1962:Hurrian mythology 1944:Hittite mythology 1933:Dobrynya Nikitich 1627:animal sacrifices 1442:pĂ«r sy tĂ« diellit 1405:pĂ«r sy tĂ« diellit 1190:is a common motif 1129:struggle between 1086: 1085: 1022:lightning strikes 925:Sky and lightning 789:KĂąngĂ« KreshnikĂ«sh 768:Pre-Indo-European 620:ZĂłnja tĂ« JĂĄshtĂ«me 554:"Divine, Goddess" 504:Beauty of the Sky 221:animal sacrifices 8702: 8652: 8651: 8548:Princess Argjiro 8488:E Bukura e Dheut 8440: 8433: 8426: 8417: 8416: 8403: 8402: 8291:Pannonia Secunda 7896:TrebeniĆĄta masks 7876:Spectacle brooch 7719:Scodra (ShkodĂ«r) 7699:Scampa (Elbasan) 7415:Dardana Fortress 7284:Acruvium (Kotor) 7255:Illyrian kingdom 6665: 6664: 6650: 6643: 6636: 6627: 6626: 6621: 6618:Bota Shqiptare 3 6612: 6593: 6574:Watkins, Calvert 6569: 6536: 6519: 6508: 6489: 6466: 6445: 6434: 6423: 6406: 6397:SchirĂČ, Giuseppe 6392: 6379:SchirĂČ, Giuseppe 6374: 6365: 6349: 6338: 6317: 6302: 6281: 6252: 6241: 6214: 6193: 6164: 6137: 6126: 6115: 6098: 6084: 6074: 6049: 6028: 6004: 5997:de Vaan, Michiel 5985:Demiraj, Bardhyl 5980: 5967: 5928: 5907: 5886: 5877: 5856: 5835: 5810: 5799: 5793: 5785: 5756: 5735: 5711: 5694: 5692: 5676: 5665: 5654: 5630: 5596: 5586: 5574: 5566:Demiraj, Bardhyl 5561: 5551: 5543:Demiraj, Bardhyl 5538: 5529: 5519: 5490: 5469: 5445: 5431: 5408: 5387: 5366: 5348: 5339: 5330: 5309: 5278: 5272: 5266: 5260: 5251: 5245: 5239: 5233: 5227: 5221: 5215: 5200:Vata-Mikeli 2023 5197: 5191: 5185: 5179: 5178:, p. 30–31. 5173: 5164: 5158: 5152: 5146: 5140: 5134: 5128: 5122: 5116: 5111:, pp. 193; 5098: 5092: 5086: 5080: 5075:, pp. 3–7; 5058: 5052: 5043:, pp. 4–5; 5038: 5032: 5026: 5020: 5014: 5008: 5002: 4993: 4987: 4981: 4975: 4969: 4963: 4957: 4951: 4945: 4939: 4928: 4927:, pp. 85–86 4918: 4912: 4906: 4900: 4878: 4872: 4867:, pp. 3–7; 4850: 4844: 4838: 4827: 4821: 4812: 4806: 4800: 4794: 4783: 4777: 4766: 4736: 4730: 4724: 4718: 4712: 4706: 4692: 4686: 4676: 4670: 4648: 4642: 4632: 4626: 4608: 4602: 4596: 4590: 4584: 4578: 4572: 4566: 4560: 4551: 4541: 4535: 4529: 4523: 4517: 4506: 4484: 4478: 4472: 4466: 4460: 4454: 4448: 4442: 4436: 4430: 4427:Loria-Rivel 2020 4424: 4415: 4409: 4403: 4397: 4391: 4381: 4375: 4369: 4363: 4357: 4351: 4345: 4332: 4326: 4315: 4309: 4303: 4297: 4291: 4285: 4279: 4273: 4267: 4261: 4255: 4249: 4240: 4234: 4228: 4210: 4204: 4183:, p. 2254; 4179:, p. 1746; 4170: 4164: 4158: 4147: 4141: 4130: 4124: 4118: 4112: 4106: 4100: 4094: 4088: 4082: 4077:, pp. 193; 4064: 4058: 4048: 4042: 4036: 4025: 4011: 4005: 3995: 3989: 3979: 3973: 3967: 3956: 3950: 3939: 3933: 3924: 3902: 3896: 3875:, p. 2254; 3871:, p. 1746; 3862: 3856: 3850: 3835: 3821: 3815: 3809: 3800: 3794: 3788: 3783:, p. 1171; 3774: 3768: 3726: 3720: 3702: 3685: 3664: 3658: 3643: 3631: 3608: 3548: 3541: 3534: 3309: 3308: 3257: 3256: 3177: 3176: 3155: 3154: 2417: 2416: 2406: 2405: 2387: 2386: 2347:and personified 2289: 2282: 2275: 2261:Mythology portal 2259: 2242: 2235: 2202:Yamata no Orochi 1917:Slavic mythology 1804:Jewish mythology 1749: 1740: 1717: 1716: 1575:sacred mountains 1538:e Bukura e Dheut 1532:e Bukura e Detit 1450: 1444: 1438: 1429: 1419: 1413: 1407: 1401: 1399:pĂ«r atĂ« sy diell 1395: 1389: 1383: 1377: 1371: 1366:) "by the sun" ( 1365: 1323:e Bukura e Detit 1311:e Bukura e Dheut 1112: 1101: 1068: 1045:Albanian culture 1014:kokrra e rrufesĂ« 983:Zjarri i Qiellit 965: 732: 710: 630:. Ancient Greek 612:*dĆșie̅u ̊ a(t)t- 523:e Bukura e Detit 517:e Bukura e Dheut 425:*dĆșie̅u ̊ a(t)t- 309:continuation of 209:sacred mountains 176:Zjarri i Qiellit 149:sky-god worship. 114:*dĆșie̅u ̊ a(t)t- 8710: 8709: 8705: 8704: 8703: 8701: 8700: 8699: 8665: 8664: 8663: 8658: 8640: 8617: 8449: 8444: 8414: 8409: 8386: 8373:Illyrian tribes 8345: 8307: 8266:Moesia Superior 8189: 8166: 8117:Desilo shipyard 8038:Siege of Pelium 8010: 7929: 7901:Vače Belt-Plate 7889:Selca e Poshtme 7787: 7704:SelcĂ« e Poshtme 7493:Hedum castellum 7427:(Lower Neretva) 7289:Ad Acroceraunia 7272: 7264: 7207: 6988:Cleitus Dardani 6886: 6659: 6654: 6624: 6609: 6590: 6505: 6486: 6463: 6362: 6335: 6299: 6239: 6211: 6190: 6089:(in Albanian). 6082: 6046: 6025: 6009:Jakobson, Roman 5956: 5904: 5874: 5853: 5787: 5786: 5753: 5732: 5690: 5651: 5594: 5581:(in Albanian). 5572: 5549: 5487: 5466: 5428: 5405: 5384: 5361:. Vol. 4. 5327: 5306: 5287: 5282: 5281: 5273: 5269: 5261: 5254: 5246: 5242: 5234: 5230: 5222: 5218: 5198: 5194: 5186: 5182: 5174: 5167: 5159: 5155: 5147: 5143: 5135: 5131: 5123: 5119: 5107:, p. 253; 5099: 5095: 5087: 5083: 5079:, pp. 139. 5071:, p. 180; 5059: 5055: 5039: 5035: 5027: 5023: 5015: 5011: 5003: 4996: 4988: 4984: 4976: 4972: 4964: 4960: 4952: 4948: 4940: 4931: 4919: 4915: 4907: 4903: 4891:, p. 101; 4887:, p. 284; 4879: 4875: 4871:, pp. 139. 4863:, p. 180; 4851: 4847: 4839: 4830: 4822: 4815: 4807: 4803: 4795: 4786: 4778: 4769: 4757:, p. 178; 4737: 4733: 4725: 4721: 4713: 4709: 4693: 4689: 4677: 4673: 4661:, p. 101; 4657:, p. 284; 4649: 4645: 4637:, p. 179; 4633: 4629: 4609: 4605: 4597: 4593: 4585: 4581: 4573: 4569: 4561: 4554: 4542: 4538: 4530: 4526: 4518: 4509: 4493:, p. 253; 4485: 4481: 4473: 4469: 4461: 4457: 4449: 4445: 4437: 4433: 4425: 4418: 4410: 4406: 4398: 4394: 4382: 4378: 4370: 4366: 4358: 4354: 4346: 4335: 4327: 4318: 4310: 4306: 4298: 4294: 4286: 4282: 4274: 4270: 4262: 4258: 4250: 4243: 4235: 4231: 4223:, p. 101; 4219:, p. 284; 4211: 4207: 4171: 4167: 4159: 4150: 4142: 4133: 4125: 4121: 4113: 4109: 4101: 4097: 4089: 4085: 4073:, p. 253; 4065: 4061: 4049: 4045: 4041:, p. 1171. 4037: 4028: 4024:, pp. 4–5. 4012: 4008: 3996: 3992: 3980: 3976: 3968: 3959: 3951: 3942: 3934: 3927: 3915:, p. 101; 3911:, p. 284; 3903: 3899: 3863: 3859: 3851: 3838: 3830:, p. 232; 3822: 3818: 3810: 3803: 3795: 3791: 3775: 3771: 3759:, p. 583; 3751:, p. 373; 3735:, p. 232; 3727: 3723: 3711:, p. 373; 3703: 3699: 3694: 3689: 3688: 3665: 3661: 3644: 3640: 3635: 3634: 3609: 3605: 3600: 3595: 3590: 3552: 3523: 3522: 3510: 3459: 3430: 3426:KĂąngĂ« majekrahi 3306: 3298: 3297: 3292: 3283:Kachak movement 3278: 3254: 3246: 3245: 3240: 3219: 3174: 3166: 3165: 3152: 3144: 3143: 3138: 3119: 3075: 3035: 3015: 2991: 2932: 2918: 2893: 2868: 2838: 2819: 2782: 2773: 2727: 2713: 2694: 2661: 2647: 2612: 2577: 2548: 2513: 2484: 2455: 2421:MalĂ«sia e Madhe 2414: 2396:Albanian tribes 2385: 2351:, so the Moon ( 2327: 2293: 2248: 2247: 2246: 2245: 2236: 2232: 2209:Aztec mythology 2007:Hindu mythology 1980:Greek mythology 1899:Norse mythology 1777: 1735: 1734: 1715: 1687: 1675:pĂ«r qiell e dhĂ© 1671: 1665: 1615:Maja e Hekurave 1551: 1331: 1240: 1147:zjarret e vitit 1123: 1122: 1121: 1120: 1115: 1114: 1113: 1104: 1103: 1102: 1091: 1082: 1075: 927: 922: 764: 725: 703: 657: 645: 556: 551: 506: 429:heavenly father 398: 393: 292: 287: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8708: 8698: 8697: 8692: 8687: 8682: 8677: 8660: 8659: 8657: 8656: 8645: 8642: 8641: 8639: 8638: 8633: 8628: 8622: 8619: 8618: 8616: 8615: 8610: 8605: 8600: 8595: 8590: 8585: 8580: 8575: 8570: 8565: 8560: 8555: 8550: 8545: 8540: 8535: 8530: 8525: 8520: 8515: 8510: 8505: 8500: 8495: 8490: 8485: 8480: 8475: 8470: 8465: 8460: 8454: 8451: 8450: 8443: 8442: 8435: 8428: 8420: 8411: 8410: 8408: 8407: 8397: 8391: 8388: 8387: 8385: 8384: 8379: 8378: 8377: 8376: 8375: 8359: 8357: 8351: 8350: 8347: 8346: 8344: 8343: 8338: 8333: 8332: 8331: 8321: 8315: 8313: 8309: 8308: 8306: 8305: 8304: 8303: 8298: 8293: 8288: 8286:Pannonia Savia 8283: 8281:Pannonia Prima 8278: 8273: 8268: 8263: 8258: 8253: 8248: 8243: 8235: 8234: 8233: 8225: 8224: 8223: 8218: 8213: 8205: 8199: 8197: 8191: 8190: 8188: 8187: 8186: 8185: 8174: 8172: 8168: 8167: 8165: 8164: 8163: 8162: 8157: 8152: 8144: 8139: 8134: 8129: 8124: 8119: 8114: 8109: 8108: 8107: 8097: 8092: 8091: 8090: 8085: 8080: 8075: 8070: 8062: 8057: 8052: 8047: 8042: 8041: 8040: 8030: 8024: 8022: 8012: 8011: 8009: 8008: 8005: 8004: 7999: 7994: 7993: 7992: 7987: 7982: 7977: 7972: 7967: 7966: 7965: 7955: 7950: 7939: 7937: 7931: 7930: 7928: 7927: 7924: 7923: 7922: 7921: 7916: 7908: 7903: 7898: 7893: 7892: 7891: 7886: 7878: 7873: 7868: 7867: 7866: 7861: 7856: 7851: 7843: 7838: 7833: 7828: 7823: 7818: 7813: 7808: 7803: 7797: 7795: 7789: 7788: 7786: 7785: 7773: 7768: 7763: 7758: 7753: 7748: 7743: 7736: 7731: 7726: 7721: 7716: 7711: 7706: 7701: 7696: 7691: 7686: 7681: 7676: 7671: 7666: 7659: 7654: 7649: 7644: 7630: 7625: 7620: 7613: 7608: 7603: 7598: 7593: 7588: 7583: 7573: 7568: 7563: 7561:Mursa (Osijek) 7558: 7553: 7546: 7541: 7534: 7524: 7517: 7512: 7507: 7500: 7495: 7490: 7485: 7480: 7475: 7470: 7460: 7453: 7448: 7443: 7438: 7433: 7428: 7422: 7417: 7412: 7411: 7410: 7400: 7395: 7390: 7385: 7380: 7375: 7368: 7363: 7358: 7351: 7346: 7341: 7336: 7331: 7326: 7321: 7316: 7311: 7306: 7301: 7296: 7291: 7286: 7280: 7278: 7266: 7265: 7263: 7262: 7257: 7252: 7247: 7242: 7241: 7240: 7230: 7225: 7215: 7213: 7209: 7208: 7206: 7205: 7203:Valentinian II 7200: 7195: 7190: 7185: 7180: 7175: 7170: 7165: 7160: 7155: 7150: 7145: 7140: 7135: 7130: 7125: 7120: 7115: 7110: 7105: 7100: 7095: 7090: 7085: 7080: 7075: 7070: 7065: 7060: 7055: 7050: 7045: 7040: 7035: 7030: 7025: 7020: 7015: 7010: 7005: 7003:Constantius II 7000: 6995: 6990: 6985: 6980: 6975: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6955: 6950: 6945: 6940: 6935: 6930: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6910: 6905: 6900: 6894: 6892: 6888: 6887: 6885: 6884: 6883: 6882: 6872: 6867: 6862: 6857: 6852: 6847: 6842: 6837: 6832: 6831: 6830: 6825: 6820: 6810: 6805: 6800: 6795: 6790: 6785: 6784: 6783: 6778: 6768: 6763: 6762: 6761: 6751: 6746: 6741: 6736: 6731: 6726: 6721: 6716: 6711: 6706: 6705: 6704: 6699: 6689: 6684: 6679: 6673: 6671: 6661: 6660: 6653: 6652: 6645: 6638: 6630: 6623: 6622: 6613: 6607: 6594: 6588: 6570: 6537: 6520: 6509: 6503: 6490: 6484: 6467: 6461: 6446: 6435: 6424: 6407: 6393: 6375: 6366: 6360: 6339: 6333: 6318: 6303: 6297: 6282: 6270:10.2307/409988 6253: 6242: 6237: 6215: 6209: 6194: 6188: 6165: 6138: 6127: 6116: 6099: 6075: 6065:(2): 277–288. 6050: 6045:978-3110540369 6044: 6029: 6023: 6005: 5981: 5968: 5954: 5929: 5908: 5902: 5887: 5878: 5872: 5857: 5852:978-1931745710 5851: 5836: 5811: 5800: 5757: 5751: 5736: 5730: 5712: 5695: 5693:on 2009-07-28. 5677: 5666: 5655: 5649: 5631: 5605:(2): 449–462. 5587: 5578:Hylli i DritĂ«s 5562: 5539: 5530: 5491: 5486:978-3110540369 5485: 5470: 5464: 5446: 5432: 5426: 5409: 5403: 5388: 5382: 5367: 5349: 5347:(25): 333–387. 5340: 5331: 5325: 5310: 5304: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5280: 5279: 5277:, p. 456. 5267: 5265:, p. 459. 5252: 5240: 5238:, p. 279. 5228: 5216: 5192: 5190:, p. 141. 5180: 5165: 5153: 5141: 5129: 5117: 5093: 5091:, p. 212. 5081: 5067:, p. 39; 5053: 5033: 5031:, p. 151. 5021: 5019:, p. 583. 5009: 4994: 4982: 4980:, p. 101. 4970: 4968:, p. 284. 4958: 4946: 4929: 4913: 4901: 4899:, p. 181. 4895:, p. 38; 4883:, p. 46; 4873: 4859:, p. 39; 4845: 4828: 4826:, p. 186. 4813: 4801: 4784: 4780:Shuteriqi 1959 4767: 4761:, p. 51; 4731: 4719: 4707: 4687: 4681:, p. 97; 4671: 4669:, p. 181. 4665:, p. 38; 4653:, p. 46; 4643: 4627: 4613:, p. 97; 4603: 4591: 4579: 4577:, p. 102. 4567: 4565:, p. 101. 4552: 4536: 4524: 4507: 4479: 4467: 4465:, p. 232. 4455: 4443: 4431: 4416: 4404: 4392: 4376: 4374:, p. 101. 4364: 4362:, p. 113. 4352: 4333: 4316: 4304: 4292: 4280: 4278:, p. 359. 4268: 4256: 4241: 4239:, p. 181. 4229: 4215:, p. 46; 4205: 4199:, p. 72; 4191:, p. 34; 4187:, p. 70; 4173:Demiraj et al. 4165: 4148: 4131: 4119: 4107: 4105:, p. 130. 4095: 4093:, p. 127. 4083: 4059: 4057:, p. 197. 4043: 4026: 4016:, p. 75; 4006: 3990: 3974: 3957: 3955:, p. 197. 3940: 3925: 3923:, p. 181. 3919:, p. 38; 3907:, p. 46; 3897: 3891:, p. 72; 3883:, p. 34; 3879:, p. 70; 3865:Demiraj et al. 3857: 3836: 3826:, p. 74; 3816: 3801: 3789: 3769: 3763:, p. 82; 3755:, p. 32; 3747:, p. 75; 3743:, p. 49; 3739:, p. 74; 3721: 3715:, p. 18; 3707:, p. 75; 3696: 3695: 3693: 3690: 3687: 3686: 3659: 3637: 3636: 3633: 3632: 3602: 3601: 3599: 3596: 3594: 3591: 3589: 3588: 3583: 3578: 3573: 3568: 3563: 3557: 3554: 3553: 3551: 3550: 3543: 3536: 3528: 3525: 3524: 3519: 3518: 3517: 3516: 3509: 3508: 3460: 3458: 3457: 3452: 3447: 3442: 3431: 3429: 3428: 3423: 3395: 3390: 3385: 3384: 3383: 3378: 3369: 3360: 3355: 3354: 3353: 3343: 3338: 3333: 3328: 3323: 3312: 3307: 3304: 3303: 3300: 3299: 3294: 3293: 3291: 3290: 3285: 3279: 3277: 3276: 3271: 3266: 3260: 3255: 3252: 3251: 3248: 3247: 3242: 3241: 3239: 3238: 3233: 3232: 3231: 3220: 3218: 3217: 3212: 3207: 3198: 3193: 3192: 3191: 3180: 3175: 3172: 3171: 3168: 3167: 3162: 3161: 3153: 3150: 3149: 3146: 3145: 3140: 3139: 3137: 3136: 3131: 3126: 3120: 3118: 3117: 3112: 3107: 3102: 3097: 3091: 3088: 3087: 3077: 3076: 3074: 3073: 3068: 3063: 3058: 3052: 3049: 3048: 3037: 3036: 3034: 3033: 3027: 3024: 3023: 3021:Old Montenegro 3017: 3016: 3014: 3013: 3008: 3003: 2998: 2992: 2990: 2989: 2984: 2979: 2974: 2969: 2964: 2959: 2954: 2948: 2945: 2944: 2934: 2933: 2931: 2930: 2925: 2919: 2917: 2916: 2911: 2905: 2902: 2901: 2899:Albania Veneta 2895: 2894: 2892: 2891: 2886: 2880: 2877: 2876: 2870: 2869: 2867: 2866: 2861: 2855: 2852: 2851: 2840: 2839: 2837: 2836: 2831: 2826: 2820: 2818: 2817: 2812: 2807: 2802: 2796: 2793: 2792: 2784: 2783: 2781: 2780: 2774: 2772: 2771: 2766: 2761: 2756: 2751: 2746: 2740: 2737: 2736: 2729: 2728: 2726: 2725: 2720: 2714: 2712: 2711: 2706: 2701: 2695: 2693: 2692: 2687: 2682: 2677: 2671: 2668: 2667: 2663: 2662: 2660: 2659: 2654: 2648: 2646: 2645: 2640: 2635: 2630: 2624: 2621: 2620: 2614: 2613: 2611: 2610: 2605: 2600: 2595: 2589: 2586: 2585: 2579: 2578: 2576: 2575: 2570: 2565: 2560: 2555: 2549: 2547: 2546: 2541: 2536: 2531: 2525: 2522: 2521: 2515: 2514: 2512: 2511: 2506: 2501: 2496: 2491: 2485: 2483: 2482: 2477: 2472: 2467: 2462: 2456: 2454: 2453: 2448: 2443: 2438: 2433: 2427: 2424: 2423: 2415: 2412: 2411: 2408: 2407: 2399: 2398: 2392: 2391: 2384: 2381: 2326: 2323: 2310:take vengeance 2295: 2294: 2292: 2291: 2284: 2277: 2269: 2266: 2265: 2264: 2263: 2250: 2249: 2244: 2243: 2229: 2228: 2227: 2226: 2212: 2211: 2205: 2204: 2194: 2193: 2187: 2186: 2177: 2167: 2166: 2160: 2159: 2149: 2148: 2142: 2141: 2127: 2126: 2120: 2119: 2110: 2101: 2091: 2090: 2084: 2083: 2073: 2072: 2066: 2065: 2055: 2054: 2048: 2047: 2037: 2036: 2030: 2029: 2020: 2010: 2009: 2003: 2002: 2000:Lernaean Hydra 1993: 1983: 1982: 1976: 1975: 1965: 1964: 1958: 1957: 1947: 1946: 1940: 1939: 1930: 1920: 1919: 1913: 1912: 1902: 1901: 1895: 1894: 1885: 1875: 1874: 1868: 1867: 1858: 1853: 1843: 1842: 1836: 1835: 1826: 1817: 1807: 1806: 1800: 1799: 1785: 1784: 1778: 1775: 1774: 1771: 1770: 1751: 1750: 1742: 1741: 1726: 1725: 1714: 1711: 1693:to defeat the 1686: 1683: 1664: 1661: 1550: 1547: 1501:pika e qiellit 1420:) and "by the 1330: 1327: 1294:sky-father-god 1239: 1236: 1228:pika e qiellit 1117: 1116: 1107: 1106: 1105: 1096: 1095: 1094: 1093: 1092: 1090: 1087: 1084: 1083: 1076: 1010:thunder-stones 926: 923: 921: 918: 906:pasha qiellin! 763: 760: 748:) of the name 724: 721: 702: 699: 668:God the Father 655: 654:like πΔρ τέΜΔ 652:Albanian oaths 643: 585:ZĂŽja e Bukuris 555: 552: 550: 547: 505: 502: 422:Proto-Albanian 397: 394: 392: 389: 291: 288: 286: 283: 265:to defeat the 110:Proto-Albanian 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8707: 8696: 8695:Illyrian gods 8693: 8691: 8688: 8686: 8683: 8681: 8678: 8676: 8673: 8672: 8670: 8655: 8647: 8646: 8643: 8637: 8634: 8632: 8629: 8627: 8624: 8623: 8620: 8614: 8611: 8609: 8606: 8604: 8601: 8599: 8596: 8594: 8591: 8589: 8586: 8584: 8581: 8579: 8576: 8574: 8571: 8569: 8566: 8564: 8561: 8559: 8556: 8554: 8551: 8549: 8546: 8544: 8541: 8539: 8536: 8534: 8531: 8529: 8526: 8524: 8521: 8519: 8516: 8514: 8511: 8509: 8506: 8504: 8501: 8499: 8496: 8494: 8491: 8489: 8486: 8484: 8481: 8479: 8476: 8474: 8471: 8469: 8466: 8464: 8461: 8459: 8456: 8455: 8452: 8448: 8441: 8436: 8434: 8429: 8427: 8422: 8421: 8418: 8406: 8398: 8396: 8393: 8392: 8389: 8383: 8380: 8374: 8371: 8370: 8369: 8366: 8365: 8364: 8361: 8360: 8358: 8356: 8352: 8342: 8339: 8337: 8334: 8330: 8327: 8326: 8325: 8322: 8320: 8317: 8316: 8314: 8310: 8302: 8299: 8297: 8294: 8292: 8289: 8287: 8284: 8282: 8279: 8277: 8274: 8272: 8269: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8259: 8257: 8254: 8252: 8249: 8247: 8244: 8242: 8239: 8238: 8236: 8232: 8229: 8228: 8226: 8222: 8219: 8217: 8214: 8212: 8209: 8208: 8206: 8204: 8201: 8200: 8198: 8196: 8192: 8184: 8181: 8180: 8179: 8176: 8175: 8173: 8169: 8161: 8158: 8156: 8153: 8151: 8148: 8147: 8145: 8143: 8140: 8138: 8135: 8133: 8130: 8128: 8125: 8123: 8120: 8118: 8115: 8113: 8110: 8106: 8103: 8102: 8101: 8098: 8096: 8093: 8089: 8086: 8084: 8081: 8079: 8076: 8074: 8071: 8069: 8068:Erigon Valley 8066: 8065: 8063: 8061: 8058: 8056: 8053: 8051: 8048: 8046: 8043: 8039: 8036: 8035: 8034: 8031: 8029: 8026: 8025: 8023: 8021: 8017: 8013: 8007: 8006: 8003: 8000: 7998: 7995: 7991: 7988: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7964: 7961: 7960: 7959: 7956: 7954: 7951: 7949: 7946: 7945: 7944: 7941: 7940: 7938: 7936: 7932: 7926: 7925: 7920: 7917: 7915: 7912: 7911: 7909: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7899: 7897: 7894: 7890: 7887: 7885: 7882: 7881: 7879: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7869: 7865: 7862: 7860: 7857: 7855: 7852: 7850: 7847: 7846: 7844: 7842: 7839: 7837: 7834: 7832: 7829: 7827: 7824: 7822: 7819: 7817: 7814: 7812: 7811:Daunian stele 7809: 7807: 7804: 7802: 7799: 7798: 7796: 7794: 7790: 7783: 7779: 7778: 7774: 7772: 7769: 7767: 7764: 7762: 7759: 7757: 7754: 7752: 7749: 7747: 7744: 7742: 7741: 7737: 7735: 7732: 7730: 7727: 7725: 7722: 7720: 7717: 7715: 7712: 7710: 7707: 7705: 7702: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7692: 7690: 7687: 7685: 7682: 7680: 7677: 7675: 7672: 7670: 7667: 7665: 7664: 7660: 7658: 7655: 7653: 7650: 7648: 7645: 7642: 7641: 7636: 7635: 7631: 7629: 7626: 7624: 7621: 7619: 7618: 7614: 7612: 7609: 7607: 7604: 7602: 7599: 7597: 7594: 7592: 7589: 7587: 7584: 7581: 7577: 7574: 7572: 7569: 7567: 7564: 7562: 7559: 7557: 7554: 7552: 7551: 7547: 7545: 7542: 7540: 7539: 7535: 7532: 7528: 7525: 7523: 7522: 7518: 7516: 7513: 7511: 7508: 7505: 7501: 7499: 7498:Hija e Korbit 7496: 7494: 7491: 7489: 7486: 7484: 7481: 7479: 7476: 7474: 7471: 7468: 7464: 7461: 7459: 7458: 7454: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7444: 7442: 7439: 7437: 7434: 7432: 7429: 7426: 7423: 7421: 7418: 7416: 7413: 7409: 7408:Lower Neretva 7406: 7405: 7404: 7401: 7399: 7396: 7394: 7391: 7389: 7386: 7384: 7381: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7373: 7369: 7367: 7364: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7356: 7352: 7350: 7347: 7345: 7342: 7340: 7337: 7335: 7332: 7330: 7327: 7325: 7322: 7320: 7317: 7315: 7312: 7310: 7307: 7305: 7302: 7300: 7297: 7295: 7292: 7290: 7287: 7285: 7282: 7281: 7279: 7276: 7271: 7267: 7261: 7258: 7256: 7253: 7251: 7248: 7246: 7243: 7239: 7236: 7235: 7234: 7231: 7229: 7226: 7224: 7220: 7217: 7216: 7214: 7210: 7204: 7201: 7199: 7198:Valentinian I 7196: 7194: 7191: 7189: 7186: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7176: 7174: 7171: 7169: 7166: 7164: 7161: 7159: 7158:Pleuratus III 7156: 7154: 7151: 7149: 7146: 7144: 7141: 7139: 7136: 7134: 7131: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7121: 7119: 7116: 7114: 7111: 7109: 7106: 7104: 7101: 7099: 7096: 7094: 7091: 7089: 7086: 7084: 7081: 7079: 7076: 7074: 7071: 7069: 7066: 7064: 7061: 7059: 7056: 7054: 7051: 7049: 7046: 7044: 7041: 7039: 7036: 7034: 7031: 7029: 7026: 7024: 7021: 7019: 7016: 7014: 7011: 7009: 7006: 7004: 7001: 6999: 6996: 6994: 6991: 6989: 6986: 6984: 6981: 6979: 6976: 6974: 6971: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6895: 6893: 6889: 6881: 6878: 6877: 6876: 6873: 6871: 6868: 6866: 6863: 6861: 6858: 6856: 6853: 6851: 6848: 6846: 6843: 6841: 6838: 6836: 6833: 6829: 6826: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6816: 6815: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6806: 6804: 6801: 6799: 6796: 6794: 6791: 6789: 6786: 6782: 6779: 6777: 6774: 6773: 6772: 6769: 6767: 6764: 6760: 6757: 6756: 6755: 6752: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6737: 6735: 6732: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6722: 6720: 6717: 6715: 6712: 6710: 6707: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6694: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6674: 6672: 6670: 6666: 6662: 6658: 6651: 6646: 6644: 6639: 6637: 6632: 6631: 6628: 6619: 6614: 6610: 6604: 6600: 6595: 6591: 6585: 6581: 6580: 6575: 6571: 6567: 6563: 6559: 6555: 6551: 6547: 6543: 6538: 6534: 6530: 6526: 6521: 6517: 6516: 6510: 6506: 6504:99927-938-9-9 6500: 6496: 6491: 6487: 6485:9781135917142 6481: 6477: 6473: 6468: 6464: 6462:9789992713198 6458: 6454: 6453: 6447: 6443: 6442: 6436: 6432: 6431: 6425: 6421: 6417: 6413: 6408: 6404: 6403: 6398: 6394: 6390: 6386: 6385: 6380: 6376: 6372: 6367: 6363: 6361:0-226-06457-3 6357: 6353: 6348: 6347: 6340: 6336: 6330: 6326: 6325: 6319: 6315: 6311: 6310: 6304: 6300: 6298:9783871182624 6294: 6290: 6289: 6283: 6279: 6275: 6271: 6267: 6263: 6259: 6254: 6250: 6249: 6243: 6240: 6234: 6230: 6229: 6224: 6220: 6216: 6212: 6210:0-203-64351-8 6206: 6202: 6201: 6195: 6191: 6189:9783643912930 6185: 6181: 6180: 6175: 6173: 6166: 6162: 6158: 6154: 6150: 6146: 6145: 6139: 6135: 6134: 6128: 6124: 6123: 6117: 6113: 6109: 6105: 6100: 6096: 6092: 6088: 6081: 6076: 6072: 6068: 6064: 6060: 6056: 6051: 6047: 6041: 6037: 6036: 6030: 6026: 6024:9783110855463 6020: 6016: 6015: 6010: 6006: 6002: 5998: 5994: 5990: 5986: 5982: 5978: 5974: 5969: 5965: 5961: 5957: 5955:9781108758666 5951: 5947: 5943: 5939: 5935: 5930: 5926: 5922: 5919:(1): 99–106. 5918: 5914: 5909: 5905: 5903:9781107586932 5899: 5895: 5894: 5888: 5884: 5879: 5875: 5873:9781845112875 5869: 5865: 5864: 5858: 5854: 5848: 5844: 5843: 5837: 5833: 5829: 5825: 5821: 5817: 5812: 5808: 5807: 5801: 5797: 5791: 5783: 5779: 5775: 5771: 5767: 5763: 5758: 5754: 5752:9781788315715 5748: 5744: 5743: 5737: 5733: 5731:1-85065-570-7 5727: 5723: 5722: 5717: 5716:Elsie, Robert 5713: 5709: 5705: 5701: 5696: 5689: 5685: 5684: 5678: 5674: 5673: 5667: 5663: 5662: 5656: 5652: 5646: 5642: 5641: 5636: 5635:Durham, Edith 5632: 5628: 5624: 5620: 5616: 5612: 5608: 5604: 5600: 5593: 5588: 5584: 5580: 5579: 5571: 5567: 5563: 5559: 5556:(in German). 5555: 5548: 5544: 5540: 5536: 5531: 5527: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5509: 5505: 5501: 5497: 5492: 5488: 5482: 5478: 5477: 5471: 5467: 5465:9781108021234 5461: 5457: 5456: 5451: 5447: 5443: 5442: 5437: 5433: 5429: 5423: 5419: 5415: 5410: 5406: 5400: 5396: 5395: 5389: 5385: 5379: 5375: 5374: 5368: 5364: 5360: 5359: 5354: 5350: 5346: 5341: 5337: 5332: 5328: 5326:9789994338849 5322: 5318: 5317: 5311: 5307: 5305:9789616500746 5301: 5297: 5296: 5290: 5289: 5276: 5271: 5264: 5259: 5257: 5249: 5244: 5237: 5232: 5225: 5220: 5213: 5209: 5205: 5201: 5196: 5189: 5188:Krasniqi 2019 5184: 5177: 5172: 5170: 5162: 5161:Lambertz 1922 5157: 5151:, p. 115 5150: 5145: 5138: 5137:Lambertz 1922 5133: 5126: 5125:Lambertz 1922 5121: 5114: 5110: 5106: 5102: 5097: 5090: 5085: 5078: 5074: 5070: 5066: 5062: 5057: 5050: 5046: 5042: 5041:Krasniqi 2014 5037: 5030: 5025: 5018: 5013: 5007:, p. 82. 5006: 5001: 4999: 4992:, p. 38. 4991: 4986: 4979: 4974: 4967: 4962: 4956:, p. 77. 4955: 4954:Lambertz 1922 4950: 4943: 4938: 4936: 4934: 4926: 4922: 4917: 4910: 4905: 4898: 4894: 4890: 4886: 4882: 4881:Lambertz 1949 4877: 4870: 4866: 4862: 4858: 4854: 4849: 4842: 4837: 4835: 4833: 4825: 4820: 4818: 4810: 4805: 4798: 4793: 4791: 4789: 4782:, p. 66. 4781: 4776: 4774: 4772: 4764: 4760: 4756: 4752: 4748: 4744: 4740: 4735: 4728: 4723: 4716: 4711: 4705:, p. 97. 4704: 4700: 4696: 4691: 4684: 4680: 4675: 4668: 4664: 4660: 4656: 4652: 4651:Lambertz 1949 4647: 4640: 4636: 4631: 4625:, p. 179 4624: 4621:, p. i; 4620: 4616: 4612: 4607: 4601:, p. 32. 4600: 4595: 4588: 4583: 4576: 4571: 4564: 4559: 4557: 4549: 4545: 4540: 4534:, p. 38. 4533: 4528: 4521: 4520:Lambertz 1922 4516: 4514: 4512: 4504: 4500: 4496: 4492: 4488: 4483: 4477:, p. 34. 4476: 4471: 4464: 4459: 4452: 4447: 4440: 4435: 4428: 4423: 4421: 4413: 4412:Jakobson 1985 4408: 4401: 4396: 4389: 4385: 4380: 4373: 4368: 4361: 4356: 4350:, p. 70. 4349: 4344: 4342: 4340: 4338: 4330: 4325: 4323: 4321: 4313: 4308: 4301: 4296: 4289: 4284: 4277: 4276:Chelariu 2023 4272: 4265: 4264:Demiraj et al 4260: 4254:, p. 37. 4253: 4248: 4246: 4238: 4233: 4227:, p. 38. 4226: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4213:Lambertz 1949 4209: 4203:, p. 32. 4202: 4198: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4181:Kölligan 2017 4178: 4174: 4169: 4163:, p. 232 4162: 4157: 4155: 4153: 4146:, p. 74. 4145: 4140: 4138: 4136: 4129:, p. 32. 4128: 4123: 4116: 4115:Lambertz 1922 4111: 4104: 4099: 4092: 4087: 4080: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4063: 4056: 4052: 4047: 4040: 4035: 4033: 4031: 4023: 4022:Krasniqi 2014 4019: 4015: 4010: 4003: 3999: 3994: 3987: 3983: 3978: 3971: 3966: 3964: 3962: 3954: 3949: 3947: 3945: 3937: 3932: 3930: 3922: 3918: 3914: 3910: 3906: 3905:Lambertz 1949 3901: 3895:, p. 32. 3894: 3890: 3886: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3873:Kölligan 2017 3870: 3866: 3861: 3854: 3849: 3847: 3845: 3843: 3841: 3833: 3832:Dedvukaj 2023 3829: 3825: 3820: 3814:, p. 75. 3813: 3808: 3806: 3799:, p. 35. 3798: 3793: 3786: 3785:Lambertz 1922 3782: 3778: 3773: 3766: 3765:Lambertz 1922 3762: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3746: 3742: 3741:Berishaj 2004 3738: 3734: 3731:, p. 1; 3730: 3729:Dedvukaj 2023 3725: 3719:, p. 82. 3718: 3714: 3710: 3706: 3701: 3697: 3683: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3670: 3663: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3642: 3638: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3613: 3607: 3603: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3579: 3577: 3574: 3572: 3569: 3567: 3564: 3562: 3559: 3558: 3549: 3544: 3542: 3537: 3535: 3530: 3529: 3527: 3526: 3515: 3512: 3511: 3506: 3503: 3499: 3496: 3493: 3490: 3487: 3484: 3481: 3478: 3475: 3472: 3469: 3465: 3462: 3461: 3456: 3453: 3451: 3448: 3446: 3445:Sworn virgins 3443: 3440: 3436: 3433: 3432: 3427: 3424: 3421: 3418: 3415: 3412: 3409: 3406: 3403: 3399: 3396: 3394: 3391: 3389: 3386: 3382: 3379: 3377: 3373: 3370: 3368: 3364: 3361: 3359: 3356: 3352: 3349: 3348: 3347: 3344: 3342: 3339: 3337: 3334: 3332: 3329: 3327: 3324: 3322: 3319: 3318: 3317: 3314: 3313: 3311: 3310: 3302: 3301: 3289: 3286: 3284: 3281: 3280: 3275: 3272: 3270: 3267: 3265: 3262: 3261: 3259: 3258: 3250: 3249: 3237: 3234: 3230: 3227: 3226: 3225: 3222: 3221: 3216: 3213: 3211: 3208: 3206: 3202: 3199: 3197: 3194: 3190: 3187: 3186: 3185: 3182: 3181: 3179: 3178: 3170: 3169: 3160: 3157: 3156: 3148: 3147: 3135: 3132: 3130: 3127: 3125: 3122: 3121: 3116: 3113: 3111: 3108: 3106: 3103: 3101: 3098: 3096: 3093: 3092: 3090: 3089: 3086: 3082: 3079: 3078: 3072: 3069: 3067: 3064: 3062: 3059: 3057: 3054: 3053: 3051: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3039: 3038: 3032: 3029: 3028: 3026: 3025: 3022: 3019: 3018: 3012: 3009: 3007: 3004: 3002: 2999: 2997: 2994: 2993: 2988: 2985: 2983: 2980: 2978: 2975: 2973: 2970: 2968: 2965: 2963: 2960: 2958: 2955: 2953: 2950: 2949: 2947: 2946: 2943: 2939: 2936: 2935: 2929: 2926: 2924: 2921: 2920: 2915: 2912: 2910: 2907: 2906: 2904: 2903: 2900: 2897: 2896: 2890: 2887: 2885: 2882: 2881: 2879: 2878: 2875: 2872: 2871: 2865: 2862: 2860: 2857: 2856: 2854: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2842: 2841: 2835: 2832: 2830: 2827: 2825: 2822: 2821: 2816: 2813: 2811: 2808: 2806: 2803: 2801: 2798: 2797: 2795: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2785: 2779: 2776: 2775: 2770: 2767: 2765: 2762: 2760: 2757: 2755: 2752: 2750: 2747: 2745: 2742: 2741: 2739: 2738: 2735: 2731: 2730: 2724: 2721: 2719: 2716: 2715: 2710: 2707: 2705: 2702: 2700: 2697: 2696: 2691: 2688: 2686: 2683: 2681: 2678: 2676: 2673: 2672: 2670: 2669: 2665: 2664: 2658: 2655: 2653: 2650: 2649: 2644: 2641: 2639: 2636: 2634: 2631: 2629: 2626: 2625: 2623: 2622: 2619: 2616: 2615: 2609: 2606: 2604: 2601: 2599: 2596: 2594: 2591: 2590: 2588: 2587: 2584: 2581: 2580: 2574: 2571: 2569: 2566: 2564: 2561: 2559: 2556: 2554: 2551: 2550: 2545: 2542: 2540: 2537: 2535: 2532: 2530: 2527: 2526: 2524: 2523: 2520: 2517: 2516: 2510: 2507: 2505: 2502: 2500: 2497: 2495: 2492: 2490: 2487: 2486: 2481: 2478: 2476: 2473: 2471: 2468: 2466: 2463: 2461: 2458: 2457: 2452: 2449: 2447: 2444: 2442: 2439: 2437: 2434: 2432: 2429: 2428: 2426: 2425: 2422: 2419: 2418: 2410: 2409: 2401: 2400: 2397: 2394: 2393: 2389: 2388: 2380: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2333: 2322: 2320: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2306:swore an oath 2302: 2290: 2285: 2283: 2278: 2276: 2271: 2270: 2268: 2267: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2253: 2252: 2251: 2240: 2234: 2230: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2214: 2213: 2210: 2207: 2206: 2203: 2199: 2196: 2195: 2192: 2189: 2188: 2185: 2181: 2178: 2176: 2172: 2169: 2168: 2165: 2162: 2161: 2158: 2154: 2151: 2150: 2147: 2144: 2143: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2129: 2128: 2125: 2122: 2121: 2118: 2114: 2111: 2109: 2105: 2102: 2100: 2096: 2093: 2092: 2089: 2086: 2085: 2082: 2078: 2075: 2074: 2071: 2068: 2067: 2064: 2060: 2057: 2056: 2053: 2050: 2049: 2046: 2042: 2039: 2038: 2035: 2032: 2031: 2028: 2024: 2021: 2019: 2015: 2012: 2011: 2008: 2005: 2004: 2001: 1997: 1994: 1992: 1988: 1985: 1984: 1981: 1978: 1977: 1974: 1970: 1967: 1966: 1963: 1960: 1959: 1956: 1952: 1949: 1948: 1945: 1942: 1941: 1938: 1937:Zmey Gorynych 1934: 1931: 1929: 1925: 1922: 1921: 1918: 1915: 1914: 1911: 1907: 1904: 1903: 1900: 1897: 1896: 1893: 1889: 1886: 1884: 1880: 1877: 1876: 1873: 1870: 1869: 1866: 1862: 1861:Saint Michael 1859: 1857: 1854: 1852: 1848: 1845: 1844: 1841: 1838: 1837: 1834: 1830: 1827: 1825: 1821: 1818: 1816: 1812: 1809: 1808: 1805: 1802: 1801: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1787: 1786: 1783: 1780: 1779: 1773: 1772: 1768: 1767:dragonslayers 1764: 1760: 1756: 1753: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1743: 1739: 1733: 1732: 1728: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1718: 1710: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1685:Mythical tale 1682: 1680: 1676: 1670: 1660: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1639: 1635: 1630: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1561:According to 1555: 1546: 1544: 1540: 1539: 1534: 1533: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1509: 1508:Ancient Greek 1504: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1489: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1462: 1456: 1454: 1449: 1443: 1437: 1436:pĂ«r atĂ« diell 1431: 1428: 1423: 1418: 1412: 1406: 1400: 1394: 1388: 1382: 1376: 1370: 1369:pĂ«r atĂ« diell 1364: 1363: 1356: 1354: 1353: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1326: 1324: 1320: 1319:earth goddess 1316: 1312: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1290:Supreme Being 1287: 1282: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1269: 1268:Ancient Greek 1265: 1261: 1260:Pasha Zojzin! 1257: 1249: 1244: 1235: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1208: 1203: 1201: 1200: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1158: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1131:good and evil 1128: 1111: 1100: 1081: 1077: 1074: 1070: 1069: 1066: 1064: 1060: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1049:oath swearing 1046: 1041: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1006: 1004: 1001:, an ancient 1000: 999: 995:, related to 994: 993: 988: 984: 980: 976: 972: 967: 964: 963: 959: 952: 947: 945: 944:Eagle of Zeus 940: 936: 932: 917: 915: 911: 910:Pasha Zojzin! 907: 903: 902:pĂ«r atĂ« qiell 899: 895: 891: 887: 883: 879: 875: 872: 871:Indo-European 868: 864: 859: 857: 856: 852: 848: 847: 843: 842:Ancient Greek 839: 838: 834: 830: 826: 822: 818: 814: 810: 806: 802: 797: 795: 791: 790: 785: 781: 777: 773: 772:Indo-European 769: 759: 757: 756:Supreme Being 753: 752: 747: 742: 740: 736: 731: 720: 718: 715: +  714: 709: 698: 696: 692: 688: 684: 681: 677: 673: 669: 665: 661: 660:pĂ«r tĂ«nĂ« ZonĂ« 653: 649: 641: 640: 635: 634: 629: 625: 621: 617: 613: 609: 605: 601: 597: 596: 591: 587: 586: 582: 577: 576: 572: 571:Zonja e Dheut 567: 563: 562: 546: 544: 540: 536: 532: 527: 525: 524: 519: 518: 513: 512: 501: 499: 498: 493: 492:Ancient Greek 489: 488: 484: 480: 477: 473: 472: 467: 463: 462: 458: 454: 453: 452:*Dyᾗus ph₂tᾗr 449: 445: 444: 439: 438: 434: 430: 426: 423: 419: 418: 413: 412:Supreme Being 410:noun for the 409: 405: 404: 388: 386: 385: 381: 377: 376: 372: 368: 364: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 340: 339: 335: 331: 330: 326: 322: 318: 314: 313: 308: 304: 296: 282: 280: 276: 272: 268: 264: 260: 256: 252: 248: 244: 241: 236: 234: 230: 226: 225:Indo-European 222: 218: 214: 210: 206: 202: 198: 194: 190: 186: 182: 178: 177: 172: 168: 164: 160: 156: 148: 147:Indo-European 144: 139: 135: 133: 129: 128: 123: 119: 118:Supreme Being 115: 111: 107: 103: 99: 95: 94: 90: 86: 85: 81: 80:Ancient Greek 77: 76: 72: 68: 65: 61: 57: 53: 49: 45: 41: 37: 33: 26: 21: 8690:Thunder gods 8625: 8612: 8553:Shtojzovalle 8523:Miro TĂ«rbaçe 8227:Prefectures 8195:Roman period 8112:Batonian War 7962: 7884:Boka-PĂ«rçeva 7775: 7738: 7661: 7638: 7632: 7615: 7548: 7536: 7519: 7455: 7370: 7353: 7168:Scerdilaidas 7153:Pleuratus II 6958:Bato Dardani 6617: 6598: 6578: 6545: 6541: 6528: 6514: 6494: 6475: 6451: 6440: 6429: 6415: 6401: 6388: 6383: 6370: 6345: 6323: 6313: 6308: 6287: 6261: 6257: 6247: 6227: 6199: 6178: 6171: 6148: 6142: 6132: 6121: 6103: 6090: 6086: 6062: 6058: 6034: 6013: 5976: 5937: 5916: 5912: 5892: 5882: 5862: 5841: 5823: 5819: 5805: 5790:cite journal 5768:(2): 24–41. 5765: 5761: 5741: 5720: 5710:(36): 35–57. 5707: 5704:Balkanistica 5703: 5688:the original 5682: 5671: 5660: 5640:High Albania 5639: 5602: 5598: 5582: 5576: 5553: 5534: 5503: 5499: 5475: 5454: 5440: 5417: 5393: 5372: 5357: 5353:Çabej, Eqrem 5344: 5335: 5315: 5294: 5285:Bibliography 5270: 5243: 5231: 5219: 5204:Poghirc 1987 5195: 5183: 5156: 5149:Gawrych 2006 5144: 5132: 5120: 5096: 5084: 5069:Hasluck 2015 5056: 5036: 5024: 5012: 4985: 4973: 4961: 4949: 4916: 4904: 4876: 4861:Hasluck 2015 4848: 4804: 4763:Durham 1928b 4759:Durham 1928a 4755:Poghirc 1987 4734: 4727:Watkins 1995 4722: 4710: 4690: 4674: 4646: 4635:Poghirc 1987 4630: 4623:Poghirc 1987 4606: 4599:Treimer 1971 4594: 4587:Durham 1928b 4582: 4570: 4539: 4527: 4482: 4475:Demiraj 2002 4470: 4458: 4446: 4434: 4407: 4395: 4387: 4379: 4367: 4355: 4348:Demiraj 2011 4307: 4295: 4283: 4271: 4259: 4232: 4208: 4201:Treimer 1971 4193:Demiraj 1997 4189:Demiraj 2002 4185:Demiraj 2011 4168: 4122: 4110: 4098: 4086: 4062: 4046: 4009: 3993: 3977: 3900: 3893:Treimer 1971 3885:Demiraj 1997 3881:Demiraj 2002 3877:Demiraj 2011 3860: 3834:, p. 1. 3819: 3792: 3772: 3724: 3700: 3673: 3667: 3662: 3641: 3627: 3623: 3615: 3611: 3606: 3501: 3494: 3488: 3482: 3476: 3470: 3416: 3410: 3404: 3388:GjamĂ«/Vajtim 2666:Puka-Mirdita 2377:koha e ditĂ«s 2376: 2355:), the Sun ( 2340: 2330: 2328: 2314:thunderbolts 2298: 2233: 2220:Quetzalcoatl 2216:Tezcatlipoca 2131:Yu the Great 1887: 1759:sea serpents 1738:Drachenkampf 1737: 1729: 1691:thunderbolts 1688: 1678: 1674: 1672: 1634:solemn oaths 1631: 1577:(notably in 1567:Mount Tomorr 1560: 1536: 1530: 1526: 1505: 1500: 1490: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1459: 1457: 1448:pĂ«r atĂ« hyll 1432: 1411:pĂ«r atĂ« hyll 1357: 1352:Dita e VerĂ«s 1350: 1343:god of light 1334: 1332: 1302:Mount Tomorr 1285: 1283: 1263: 1259: 1253: 1227: 1220:culture hero 1204: 1198: 1159: 1151:god of light 1146: 1124: 1079: 1072: 1062: 1055: 1042: 1034:good fortune 1030:cult objects 1018:guri i rejĂ«s 1017: 1013: 1007: 996: 990: 986: 982: 968: 948: 935:Lake Shkodra 928: 913: 909: 905: 901: 877: 862: 860: 853: 844: 835: 828: 805:Lake Shkodra 798: 787: 765: 749: 745: 743: 738: 734: 726: 716: 712: 704: 690: 686: 683:ZĂłtĂ«nĂ«/ZĂłtnĂ« 682: 675: 671: 664:Pater Noster 663: 659: 647: 637: 631: 627: 619: 615: 611: 607: 603: 599: 593: 589: 584: 580: 575:ZĂŽja e Dheut 574: 570: 565: 559: 557: 539:god of light 530: 528: 521: 515: 509: 507: 495: 485: 479:*djous patēr 478: 476:Proto-Italic 469: 468:à€Šà„à€Żà„Œà€·à„à€Șà€żà€€à„ƒ ( 459: 451: 442: 436: 424: 415: 401: 399: 382: 373: 366: 362: 358: 354: 350: 349:, and Greek 346: 342: 336: 327: 320: 310: 302: 301: 298:Daylight sky 263:thunderbolts 240:culture hero 237: 213:Mount Tomorr 211:(notably on 185:Lake Shkodra 174: 163:god of light 154: 152: 143:Mount Tomorr 125: 113: 101: 91: 82: 73: 66: 51: 31: 30: 8382:Settlements 8251:Epirus Nova 7906:Vače Situla 7782:Albanopolis 7647:Pola (Pula) 7550:Matohasanaj 7388:Chrysondyon 7314:Antipatreia 7299:Albanopolis 7148:Pleuratus I 7103:Justinian I 6978:Caravantius 6943:Bardylis II 6749:Daesitiates 6709:Atintanians 6552:: 428–431. 6172:Dede Korkut 6003:(Database). 5414:Kahl, Thede 5176:SchirĂČ 1959 5101:Ushaku 1988 5077:Clayer 2017 4990:Lurker 2005 4978:Ushaku 1988 4897:Sokoli 2013 4893:Lurker 2005 4889:Ushaku 1988 4869:Clayer 2017 4824:Lurker 2005 4809:SchirĂČ 1923 4667:Sokoli 2013 4663:Lurker 2005 4659:Ushaku 1988 4544:Brahaj 2007 4487:Ushaku 1988 4451:Ushaku 1988 4312:SchirĂČ 1923 4252:Sokoli 2000 4237:Sokoli 2013 4225:Lurker 2005 4221:Ushaku 1988 4177:Curtis 2017 4144:SĂžborg 2020 4067:Ushaku 1988 3986:Brahaj 2007 3921:Sokoli 2013 3917:Lurker 2005 3913:Ushaku 1988 3869:Curtis 2017 3853:Brahaj 2007 3824:SĂžborg 2020 3777:Brahaj 2007 3737:SĂžborg 2020 3439:Sword dance 3398:Epic poetry 3224:Hospitality 3041:Herzegovina 2319:storm surge 2113:BaÊżal Hadad 2104:BaÊżal Hadad 2095:BaÊżal Hadad 1910:Jörmungandr 1797:Sea serpent 1603:Mount KrujĂ« 1180:renewal of 939:sacred tree 858:'sky god'. 827:. Albanian 817:sacred tree 708:zĂșshĂ«/zĂșsha 606:(with Alb. 581:ZĂŽja Prende 549:Reflections 494:ΖΔῊ Ï€ÎŹÏ„Î”Ï ( 471:DyĂĄuáčŁ Pitáč›Ì 461:Dei-pĂĄtrous 431:' stemming 345:, Messapic 189:sacred tree 8669:Categories 8319:Illyrology 8237:Provinces 7958:Deipaturos 7910:Tattooing 7871:Soleto Map 7709:Sesarethus 7366:Brundisium 7294:Ad Quintum 7260:Taulantian 7245:Dassaretan 7228:Autariatan 7023:Diocletian 6845:Osseriates 6788:Dassaretii 6734:Bassanitae 6729:Baridustae 6714:Autariatae 6155:: 91–118. 6097:: 129–138. 5934:"Albanian" 5248:Tirta 2004 5236:Kondi 2017 5212:Elsie 2001 5208:Tirta 2004 5109:Elsie 2001 5089:Çabej 1996 5065:Elsie 2000 5061:Elsie 2019 5049:Gjoni 2012 5045:Tirta 2004 5005:Feizi 1929 4942:Gjoni 2012 4925:Gjoni 2012 4921:Tirta 2004 4909:Elsie 2001 4857:Elsie 2000 4853:Elsie 2019 4841:Elsie 2001 4797:Tirta 2004 4751:Elsie 2001 4747:Tirta 2004 4743:Lelaj 2015 4703:Lelaj 2015 4699:Tirta 2004 4679:Lelaj 2015 4639:Tirta 2004 4619:Elsie 1994 4611:Lelaj 2015 4575:Tirta 2004 4563:Tirta 2004 4548:Tirta 2004 4532:Fakaj 2022 4499:Tirta 2004 4495:Elsie 2001 4439:Tirta 2004 4103:Tirta 2004 4091:Tirta 2004 4075:Elsie 2001 4051:Elsie 2001 4018:Gjoni 2012 4014:Tirta 2004 4002:Gjoni 2012 3998:Tirta 2004 3982:Tirta 2004 3970:Tirta 2004 3936:Tirta 2004 3812:Sedaj 1982 3761:Feizi 1929 3749:Çabej 1966 3745:Sedaj 1982 3717:Feizi 1929 3709:Çabej 1966 3705:Sedaj 1982 3622:forms are 3593:References 3571:En (deity) 3474:Fustanella 3215:Gjakmarrja 3110:Malakasioi 3100:Kurveleshi 3047:hinterland 3001:Palabardhi 2957:Bratonishi 2787:ZadrimĂ« - 2237:Christian- 2077:Făt-Frumos 2045:AĆŸi Dahāka 1731:Chaoskampf 1667:See also: 1641:sacrifices 1611:KĂ«ndrevicĂ« 1486:ShĂ«ndĂ«lliu 1298:father god 1275:underworld 1246:Region of 1199:Chaoskampf 1059:mĂ« e rĂ«ndĂ« 886:the Father 780:patriarchy 776:matriarchy 746:dĂ­/dĂ­a/dei 735:*dī̆iÌŻa/i- 733:< PAlb 723:"Daylight" 717:EĂșs(i)-ēA₂ 687:-tĂ«nĂ«/-tnĂ« 680:accusative 602:< PAlb 592:(< PIE 396:Sky Father 205:rainmaking 106:Sky Father 87:(all from 25:Skanderbeg 8578:The Twins 8508:Kulshedra 8261:Macedonia 8256:Illyricum 8231:Illyricum 8221:Macedonia 8216:Illyricum 8207:Dioceses 8073:Lyncestis 7997:Nymphaion 7864:Peucetian 7859:Messapian 7816:Education 7777:ZgĂ«rdhesh 7652:Poslishte 7628:Pituntium 7544:Lychnidus 7420:Delminium 7398:Damastion 7319:Apollonia 7309:Andetrium 7270:Geography 7250:Enchelean 7233:Dardanian 7118:Monounios 7068:Grabos II 7043:Flavianus 6933:Baraliris 6875:Taulantii 6870:Siculotae 6865:Sardiatae 6813:Iapygians 6744:Bylliones 6697:Docleatai 6657:Illyrians 6566:1857-9485 6558:2545-4919 6548:(19–20). 6531:. 17–18. 6455:. Toena. 6327:. Brill. 6161:2309-5717 6151:(71–72). 6112:2183-3184 5964:161016819 5832:0933-6850 5782:2411-5592 5637:(1928a). 5627:115147696 5599:Anthropos 5526:258381736 5452:(2010) . 5438:(1964) . 5275:Doja 2005 5263:Doja 2005 5224:Doja 2005 5113:Hysi 2006 5105:Pipa 1993 5073:Bulo 1997 5029:West 2007 5017:Mann 1948 4865:Bulo 1997 4715:West 2007 4695:Doja 2005 4683:Pipa 1993 4615:Doja 2005 4503:Hysi 2006 4491:Pipa 1993 4400:West 2007 4384:Neri 2021 4372:Huld 1985 4329:Cook 1964 4300:Mann 1948 4288:Mann 1977 4197:Mann 1977 4127:Mann 1952 4079:Hysi 2006 4071:Pipa 1993 4055:Cook 1964 4039:Cook 2010 3953:Cook 1964 3889:Mann 1977 3797:Egro 2003 3781:Cook 2010 3757:Mann 1948 3753:Mann 1952 3692:Citations 3367:Kulshedra 3134:Souliotes 3031:Goljemadi 2977:MalonĆĄići 2928:Kakarriqi 2909:Pamalioti 2850:highlands 2791:highlands 2778:Kastrioti 2723:Dukagjini 2504:Lepuroshi 2361:Dheu/Toka 2241:mythology 2139:Gong Gong 2041:Θraētaona 1973:Ullikummi 1955:Illuyanka 1883:Kulshedra 1865:Herensuge 1815:Leviathan 1789:Perkwunos 1619:ShĂ«ndelli 1593:, Rumia, 1493:ArbĂ«reshĂ« 1474:ShĂ«ndelli 1468:from the 1266:(cf. the 1212:kulshedra 1174:chthonian 1166:kulshedra 1127:dualistic 998:rhomphaia 979:lightning 975:kulshedra 825:Albanians 821:Illyrians 676:tĂ«nĂ«-ZonĂ« 624:ArbĂ«reshĂ« 622:) is the 604:*zotVnia̅ 590:*dĆșie̅u ̊ 558:Albanian 497:ZeĂ» pĂĄter 290:Etymology 171:lightning 60:Albanians 56:Illyrians 40:lightning 8654:Category 8626:See also 8405:Category 8395:Timeline 8271:Pannonia 8246:Delmatia 8241:Dardania 8178:Illyrian 8171:Language 8088:Phoenice 8064:Battles 8020:weaponry 8002:Swastika 7975:Medaurus 7943:Religion 7845:Pottery 7771:Vendenis 7756:Ulkinium 7729:Tilurium 7724:Thronion 7634:Pogradec 7617:Persqopi 7601:Palaeste 7483:Eugenium 7478:Epicaria 7473:Enkelana 7441:Doracium 7393:Creonion 7349:Bassania 7344:Bargulum 7223:Labeatan 7219:Ardiaean 7188:Triteuta 7163:Pleurias 7123:Monunius 7108:Longarus 7098:Justin I 7063:Grabos I 7048:Galaurus 6963:Bircenna 6938:Bardylis 6928:Ballaios 6923:Aurelian 6860:Pirustae 6855:Penestae 6850:Parthini 6793:Enchelei 6781:Thuantai 6759:Tariotes 6754:Dalmatae 6724:Balaites 6702:Labeatae 6687:Amantini 6576:(1995). 6535:: 63–76. 6422:: 71–90. 6399:(1959). 6381:(1923). 6258:Language 6225:(1997), 5925:40849512 5718:(2001). 5619:40466549 5568:(2011). 5560:: 23–41. 5545:(2002). 5510:: 5500. 5355:(1996). 3620:definite 3498:Xhubleta 3492:Xhamadan 3464:Clothing 3316:Paganism 3173:Concepts 3151:Law code 3129:Zenevisi 3115:Mazaraki 3085:Chameria 3061:Mataruga 2982:Mataguzi 2962:Bytadosi 2952:Bukumiri 2829:Kryezezi 2628:Krasniqi 2553:Dushmani 2489:Gruemiri 2475:Marsheni 2460:Kastrati 2441:Kelmendi 2383:See also 2345:animated 2224:Cipactli 2184:Nehebkau 2135:Xiangliu 2115:vs. the 2059:Garshasp 1998:vs. the 1996:Heracles 1822:vs. the 1795:vs. the 1720:Part of 1713:Synopsis 1657:oraculum 1649:Mbrakull 1623:bonfires 1607:Shelbuem 1599:ShkĂ«lzen 1595:Koritnik 1591:GjallicĂ« 1583:Pashtrik 1519:Poseidon 1511:theogony 1478:dordolec 1453:*DiÌŻáž—uÌŻs 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Index


Skanderbeg
sky
lightning
Albanian pagan mythology
Albania
Illyrians
Albanians
Albanian
Messapic
Zis
Ancient Greek
Zeus
Proto-Indo-European
*DiÌŻáž—uÌŻs
totem
Sky Father
Proto-Albanian
Supreme Being
Proto-Indo-European mythology
*Hâ‚‚Ă©wsƍs
Prende

Mount Tomorr
Indo-European
Dielli
god of light
nature
lightning
Zjarri i Qiellit

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