455:
46:
335:
33:
302:. It is used as a food plant. Both the stem and grain are edible. Gathered in the wild, Manchurian wild rice was an important grain in ancient China. A wetland plant, Manchurian wild rice is now very rare in the wild, and its use as a grain has completely disappeared in Asia, though it continues to be cultivated for its stems. A measure of its former popularity is that the surname
443:. The galled section of the stem is 3 to 4 centimeters (1.2 to 1.6 in) wide and up to 20 centimeters (10 in) long. This vegetable has been grown for at least 400 years. It is popular for its flavor and tender texture, and it is eaten raw or cooked. Its taste resembles fresh bamboo shoots. It stays crisp when
1035:
Yan, Ning; Yang, Ting; Yu, Xiu-Ting; Shang, Lian-Guang; Guo, De-Ping; Zhang, Yu; Meng, Lin; Qi, Qian-Qian; Li, Ya-Li; Du, Yong-Mei; Liu, Xin-Min; Yuan, Xiao-Long; Qin, Peng; Qiu, Jie; Qian, Qian; Zhang, Zhong-Feng (11 January 2022).
818:
Kawagishi, Hirokazu; Hota, Kuniyoshi; Masuda, Kikuko; Yamaguchi, Kohji; Yazawa, Kazunaga; Shibata, Kanako; Uzuka, Naoaki; Matahira, Yoshiharu (23 November 2006). "Osteoclast-forming suppressive compounds from makomotake,
546:"Selected plants (exclusive of timber trees) readily eligible for Victorian industrial culture, with indications of their native countries and some of their uses"
721:
894:
You, Wenyu; Liu, Qian; Zou, Keqin; Yu, Xiaoping; Cui, Haifeng; Ye, Zihong (January 2011). "Morphological and molecular differences in two strains of
1791:
759:
Zhang, Jing-Ze; Chu, Fu-Qiang; Guo, De-Ping; Hyde, Kevin D.; Xie, Guang-Lin (1 May 2012). "Cytology and ultrastructure of interactions between
504:
The genome of the species was initially sequenced in 2015. In 2022, a new sequencing project produced a chromosome-level (2n=2x=34) assembly.
1830:
1918:
485:
Importation of the stems to the United States is prohibited in order to protect the North
American wild rice species from the fungus.
688:
1713:
656:
2055:
1804:
1752:
451:
season in parts of Asia, a time when many other vegetables are unavailable. This makes the product more attractive to consumers.
1038:"Chromosome-level genome assembly of Zizania latifolia provides insights into its seed shattering and phytocassane biosynthesis"
1853:
698:
1809:
1674:
550:
Proceedings of the
Zoological and Acclimatisation Society of Victoria, and Report of the Annual Meeting of the Society
1111:
647:
2005:
1726:
986:
Wang, Yong-Ming; Dong, Zhen-Ying; Zhang, Zhong-Juan; Lin, Xiu-Yun; Shen, Ye; Zhou, Daowei; Liu, Bao (August 2005).
958:
1835:
1778:
988:"Extensive de Novo Genomic Variation in Rice Induced by Introgression From Wild Rice (Zizania latifolia Griseb.)"
323:
1858:
404:
315:
1936:
1817:
396:
307:
714:
501:. Manual "repeated pollination", a different approach, produces fertile offspring with ~0.1% wild rice DNA.
1705:
1692:
1614:
1609:
1600:
1931:
1757:
1367:
2030:
2020:
1995:
1845:
567:
545:
522:
45:
2050:
2025:
1390:
1640:
2015:
2010:
2000:
1923:
1700:
1452:
1385:
941:
884:
841: II International
Symposium on Human Health Effects of Fruits and Vegetables: FAVHEALTH 2007.
1897:
1796:
1687:
1562:
1500:
1395:
1959:
1104:
800:
162:
1884:
1648:
1495:
776:
613:
183:
8:
2045:
1892:
1535:
1360:
1353:
1325:
780:
617:
1967:
1910:
1545:
1540:
1075:
1062:
1037:
1012:
987:
923:
852:
792:
629:
355:
195:
40:
422:
1879:
1622:
1079:
1067:
1017:
915:
844:
694:
498:
436:
376:
927:
367:
when infected with the smut. When the fungus invades the host plant it causes it to
2035:
1972:
1627:
1530:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1447:
1417:
1097:
1057:
1049:
1007:
999:
907:
856:
836:
796:
784:
633:
621:
475:
454:
275:
1744:
1731:
1866:
1585:
1468:
725:
303:
83:
1822:
1003:
972:
804:
1905:
1457:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1154:
1053:
870:
70:
911:
788:
383:. New sprouts are infected by spores in the environment, which is generally a
2040:
1989:
1679:
1525:
1490:
1335:
1271:
741:
96:
1089:
1949:
1437:
1312:
1303:
1253:
1228:
1124:
1071:
1021:
919:
848:
1871:
1765:
1594:
1233:
471:
444:
384:
368:
109:
447:. The main harvesting season is between September and November. This is
1718:
1520:
1462:
625:
1770:
840:
1739:
1661:
1485:
1409:
1320:
1199:
1194:
879:
stimulates innate immune system, via induction of human β-defensin-2.
388:
360:
139:
1556:
1944:
1579:
1344:
187:
1783:
1666:
660:
375:
prevents the plant from flowering and setting seed so the crop is
334:
1635:
1374:
1184:
715:
Biosynthesis of indole-3-acetic acid by the gall-inducing fungus
448:
380:
294:
179:
129:
1653:
353:
across Asia. The success of the crop depends on the smut fungus
1380:
1164:
1144:
1132:
1120:
479:
412:
283:
119:
32:
1442:
1281:
1276:
1263:
1213:
1159:
1149:
432:
57:
817:
1189:
1174:
494:
364:
350:
299:
371:; its cells increasing in size and number. Infection with
1179:
1169:
470:
It has been accidentally introduced into the wild in
359:. The grass is not grown for its grain, as are other
363:species, but for the stems, which swell into juicy
944:pp. 387–390. In: Janick, J. and J. E. Simon, Eds.
959:"NIWA: Stopping the freshwater wild rice invader"
1987:
985:
690:Food in China: a cultural and historical inquiry
1212:
758:
682:
680:
1034:
544:Von Mueller, Ferdinand Jacob Heinrich (1872).
1119:
1105:
292:), is the only member of the wild rice genus
677:
595:
493:This wild rice can be crossed with ordinary
893:
829:Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry
596:Terrell, E. E.; Batra, L. R. (July 1982). "
543:
1112:
1098:
31:
1061:
1011:
657:Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland
453:
333:
1343:
686:
1988:
713:Chung, K. R. and D. D. Tzeng. (2004).
527:Journal of Botany, British and Foreign
387:. The galled stems are harvested as a
1561:
1560:
1093:
640:
520:
1846:17a37fef-30b4-4a4f-b13b-43b9e8aad0fa
934:
811:
707:
646:
887:
863:
752:
478:there. It has been introduced into
465:
13:
14:
2067:
523:"On a Chinese culinary vegetable"
1937:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:426967-1
44:
1028:
979:
965:
951:
604:, a grass-fungus association".
427:
2056:Taxa named by August Grisebach
734:
729:Journal of Biological Sciences
687:Simoons, Frederick J. (1991).
589:
560:
537:
521:Hance, Henry Fletcher (1872).
514:
461:in cultivation in Flushing, NY
417:
408:
400:
329:
319:
311:
288:
1:
948:. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
507:
349:is grown as an agricultural
7:
1004:10.1534/genetics.105.040964
572:(Griseb.) Hance ex F.Muell"
488:
10:
2072:
1054:10.1038/s42003-021-02993-3
693:. CRC Press. p. 559.
576:Plants of the World Online
342:stems peeled and unpeeled.
326:, derives from this crop.
1569:
1478:
1430:
1408:
1334:
1311:
1302:
1262:
1224:
1208:
1140:
1131:
912:10.1007/s00284-010-9673-7
789:10.1007/s11557-011-0765-y
279:
240:(Griseb.) Turcz. ex Stapf
201:
194:
168:
161:
41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
23:
2006:Flora of Assam (region)
1453:Intermediate wheatgrass
882:ISHS Acta Horticulturae
1501:History of agriculture
1042:Communications Biology
871:Manchurian wild rice (
742:"茭白筍-詞目-教育部臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典"
724:March 4, 2016, at the
462:
343:
213:Limnochloa caduciflora
946:Advances in New Crops
474:and is considered an
457:
337:
205:Hydropyrum latifolium
1496:Neolithic Revolution
1431:Emerging grain crops
973:"Ustilago esculenta"
940:Yamaguchi, M. 1990.
900:Current Microbiology
869:Oritani, Y., et al.
769:Mycological Progress
324:most common in China
272:Manchurian wild rice
1536:Genetic engineering
781:2012MycPr..11..499Z
618:1982EcBot..36..274T
405:traditional Chinese
316:traditional Chinese
221:Zizania caduciflora
1546:Crop wild relative
1541:Selective breeding
1368:A. hypochondriacus
896:Ustilago esculenta
877:Ustilago esculenta
825:Ustilago esculenta
761:Ustilago esculenta
717:Ustilago esculenta
626:10.1007/BF02858549
602:Ustilago esculenta
463:
397:simplified Chinese
356:Ustilago esculenta
344:
308:simplified Chinese
1983:
1982:
1898:Zizania latifolia
1880:Open Tree of Life
1601:Zizania latifolia
1571:Zizania latifolia
1563:Taxon identifiers
1554:
1553:
1426:
1425:
1404:
1403:
1386:Pitseed goosefoot
1326:Tartary buckwheat
1298:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1290:
1289:
942:Asian Vegetables.
873:Zizania latifolia
841:10.1271/bbb.60376
835:(11): 2800–2802.
821:Zizania latifolia
765:Zizania latifolia
746:sutian.moe.edu.tw
700:978-0-8493-8804-0
598:Zizania latifolia
570:Zizania latifolia
499:protoplast fusion
459:Zizania latifolia
347:Zizania latifolia
340:Zizania latifolia
267:Zizania latifolia
263:
262:
257:
249:
245:Zizania latifolia
241:
237:Zizania latifolia
233:
225:
217:
209:
172:Zizania latifolia
154:Z. latifolia
25:Zizania latifolia
2063:
2031:Flora of Vietnam
2021:Flora of Siberia
1996:Flora of Myanmar
1976:
1975:
1963:
1962:
1953:
1952:
1940:
1939:
1927:
1926:
1914:
1913:
1901:
1900:
1888:
1887:
1875:
1874:
1862:
1861:
1849:
1848:
1839:
1838:
1826:
1825:
1823:NHMSYS0000465242
1813:
1812:
1800:
1799:
1787:
1786:
1774:
1773:
1761:
1760:
1748:
1747:
1735:
1734:
1722:
1721:
1709:
1708:
1696:
1695:
1683:
1682:
1670:
1669:
1657:
1656:
1644:
1643:
1631:
1630:
1618:
1617:
1605:
1604:
1603:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1558:
1557:
1531:Green Revolution
1516:Tell Abu Hureyra
1511:Fertile Crescent
1506:Natufian culture
1448:Indian ricegrass
1341:
1340:
1309:
1308:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1210:
1209:
1138:
1137:
1114:
1107:
1100:
1091:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1065:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1015:
998:(4): 1945–1956.
983:
977:
976:
975:. December 2017.
969:
963:
962:
955:
949:
938:
932:
931:
891:
885:
875:) infected with
867:
861:
860:
815:
809:
808:
756:
750:
749:
738:
732:
711:
705:
704:
684:
675:
674:
672:
671:
665:
659:. Archived from
654:
644:
638:
637:
593:
587:
586:
584:
583:
564:
558:
557:
541:
535:
534:
518:
476:invasive species
466:Invasive species
429:
419:
410:
402:
321:
313:
290:
281:
255:
247:
239:
232:Turcz. ex Steud.
231:
229:Zizania dahurica
223:
215:
207:
174:
49:
48:
35:
21:
20:
16:Species of grass
2071:
2070:
2066:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2051:Stem vegetables
2026:Flora of Taiwan
1986:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1971:
1966:
1958:
1956:
1948:
1943:
1935:
1930:
1922:
1917:
1909:
1904:
1896:
1891:
1883:
1878:
1870:
1867:Observation.org
1865:
1857:
1852:
1844:
1842:
1834:
1829:
1821:
1816:
1808:
1803:
1795:
1790:
1782:
1777:
1769:
1764:
1756:
1751:
1743:
1738:
1730:
1725:
1717:
1712:
1704:
1699:
1691:
1686:
1678:
1673:
1665:
1660:
1652:
1647:
1639:
1634:
1626:
1621:
1613:
1608:
1599:
1598:
1593:
1584:
1583:
1578:
1565:
1555:
1550:
1474:
1469:Oryza coarctata
1422:
1400:
1330:
1286:
1258:
1215:
1204:
1127:
1118:
1088:
1087:
1033:
1029:
984:
980:
971:
970:
966:
957:
956:
952:
939:
935:
892:
888:
868:
864:
816:
812:
757:
753:
740:
739:
735:
726:Wayback Machine
712:
708:
701:
685:
678:
669:
667:
663:
652:
645:
641:
606:Economic Botany
594:
590:
581:
579:
566:
565:
561:
542:
538:
519:
515:
510:
491:
468:
332:
216:Turcz. ex Trin.
190:
176:
170:
157:
43:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2069:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2016:Flora of Korea
2013:
2011:Flora of Japan
2008:
2003:
2001:Flora of China
1998:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1973:wfo-0000908012
1964:
1954:
1941:
1928:
1915:
1902:
1889:
1876:
1863:
1850:
1840:
1827:
1814:
1801:
1788:
1775:
1762:
1749:
1736:
1723:
1710:
1697:
1684:
1671:
1658:
1645:
1632:
1619:
1606:
1591:
1575:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1472:
1465:
1460:
1458:Kangaroo grass
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1434:
1432:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1414:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1371:
1364:
1357:
1349:
1347:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1328:
1323:
1317:
1315:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1268:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1225:
1219:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1141:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1117:
1116:
1109:
1102:
1094:
1086:
1085:
1027:
978:
964:
950:
933:
886:
862:
823:infected with
810:
775:(2): 499–508.
751:
733:
706:
699:
676:
649:BSBI List 2007
639:
612:(3): 274–285.
588:
559:
536:
512:
511:
509:
506:
490:
487:
467:
464:
428:kha-pe̍h-(sún)
379:asexually, by
331:
328:
322:), one of the
261:
260:
259:
258:
250:
242:
234:
226:
218:
210:
199:
198:
192:
191:
177:
166:
165:
159:
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151:
149:
145:
144:
137:
133:
132:
127:
123:
122:
117:
113:
112:
107:
100:
99:
94:
87:
86:
81:
74:
73:
68:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2068:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1974:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1955:
1951:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1920:
1916:
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1907:
1903:
1899:
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1802:
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1750:
1746:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1702:
1698:
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1668:
1663:
1659:
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1646:
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1611:
1607:
1602:
1596:
1592:
1587:
1581:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1559:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1526:Domestication
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1491:Founder crops
1489:
1487:
1484:
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1480:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1429:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1336:Amaranthaceae
1333:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1304:Pseudocereals
1301:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1211:
1207:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
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1160:Maize (Corn)
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418:jiāobái(sǔn)
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373:U. esculenta
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338:Vegetables:
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1766:iNaturalist
1595:Wikispecies
1361:A. cruentus
1354:A. caudatus
1155:Job's tears
472:New Zealand
369:hypertrophy
330:Cultivation
270:, known as
224:Hand.-Mazz.
110:Commelinids
84:Angiosperms
2046:Oryzoideae
1990:Categories
1911:kew-450610
1906:Plant List
1521:Tell Aswad
1463:Nipa grass
1216:(Triticum)
670:2014-10-17
582:2021-04-24
556:: 249–428.
533:: 146–149.
508:References
445:stir-fried
441:makomotake
423:Pe̍h-ōe-jī
377:propagated
298:native to
1740:GrassBase
1706:242355686
1693:242355686
1586:Q15896429
1486:Triticeae
1410:Lamiaceae
1321:Buckwheat
1200:Wild rice
1195:Triticale
1080:245857447
1048:(1): 36.
805:992863985
391:known as
389:vegetable
361:wild rice
148:Species:
54:Kingdom:
1950:25510056
1945:Tropicos
1797:10208673
1784:426967-1
1745:imp10896
1580:Wikidata
1482:See also
1345:Amaranth
1249:Norin 10
1244:Red Fife
1239:Khorasan
1072:35017643
1022:15937131
992:Genetics
928:12174258
920:20495805
849:17090930
801:ProQuest
722:Archived
489:Research
439:name is
437:Japanese
256:Prodoehl
196:Synonyms
188:F.Muell.
126:Family:
97:Monocots
2036:Cereals
1960:5416461
1719:2703231
1654:1114724
1636:Ecocrop
1391:Cañihua
1375:Celosia
1272:Einkorn
1185:Sorghum
1165:Millets
1133:Cereals
1121:Cereals
1063:8752815
1013:1449789
857:7518159
797:9330359
777:Bibcode
634:9723846
614:Bibcode
449:typhoon
381:rhizome
295:Zizania
276:Chinese
208:Griseb.
180:Griseb.
141:Zizania
136:Genus:
130:Poaceae
116:Order:
58:Plantae
1957:uBio:
1919:PLANTS
1872:131513
1843:NZOR:
1771:407086
1680:193506
1615:122325
1396:Djulis
1381:Quinoa
1254:Winter
1214:Wheat
1145:Barley
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480:Hawaii
435:. Its
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415::
413:pinyin
407::
399::
318::
310::
286::
284:pinyin
278::
248:Turcz.
120:Poales
1924:ZILA3
1885:11561
1854:NZPCN
1836:58934
1810:41320
1792:IRMNG
1758:42268
1675:EUNIS
1667:ZIZLA
1641:10994
1628:8X9SZ
1443:Drinn
1282:Spelt
1277:Emmer
1264:Farro
1234:Durum
1229:Bread
1150:Fonio
1076:S2CID
924:S2CID
853:S2CID
793:S2CID
664:(xls)
653:(xls)
630:S2CID
433:China
431:) in
409:茭白(筍)
401:茭白(笋)
385:paddy
365:galls
304:Jiǎng
184:Hance
104:Clade
91:Clade
78:Clade
65:Clade
2041:Rice
1932:POWO
1893:PfaF
1859:2657
1831:NCBI
1805:ITIS
1779:IPNI
1753:GRIN
1727:GISD
1714:GBIF
1662:EPPO
1610:BOLD
1418:Chia
1190:Teff
1175:Rice
1170:Oats
1123:and
1068:PMID
1018:PMID
916:PMID
845:PMID
763:and
695:ISBN
600:and
495:rice
351:crop
300:Asia
1968:WFO
1818:NBN
1732:866
1701:FoC
1688:FNA
1649:EoL
1623:CoL
1180:Rye
1058:PMC
1050:doi
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