126:
102:
2374:
1618:
2343:
1630:
1515:
Barrett, Craig F.; Baker, William J.; Comer, Jason R.; Conran, John G.; Lahmeyer, Sean C.; Leebens-Mack, James H.; Li, Jeff; Lim, Gwynne S.; Mayfield-Jones, Dustin R.; Perez, Leticia; Medina, Jesus; Pires, J. Chris; Santos, Cristian; Wm. Stevenson, Dennis; Zomlefer, Wendy B.; Davis, Jerrold I.
330:. However, by the release of his 1980 system of classification, Takhtajan had merged this subclass into a larger one, and no longer considered it to be a clade.
573:). The commelinids now constitute a well-supported clade within the monocots, and this clade has been recognized in all four APG classification systems.
487:
477:
382:
372:
447:
2441:
1570:
Harris, P.J.; Hartley, R.D. (1976). "Detection of bound ferulic acid in cell walls of the
Gramineae by ultraviolet fluorescence microscopy".
377:
367:
1518:"Plastid genomes reveal support for deep phylogenetic relationships and extensive rate variation among palms and other commelinid monocots"
437:
1662:
427:
402:
1238:
APG II (2003). "An Update of the
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group Classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II".
397:
1710:
1492:
1240:
472:
2521:
1203:
1560:
1302:
2526:
1622:
1345:"An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II".
1438:"An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III"
1488:"An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV"
2446:
1655:
2580:
1285:
Dahlgren, R. M. T.; Rassmussen, F. (1983). "Monocotyledon evolution. Characters and phylogenetic estimation".
1689:
1715:
1705:
1634:
2495:
1178:
279:
it forms one of three groupings within the monocots, and the final branch; the other two groups are the
125:
2377:
1648:
1483:
1700:
506:
treated this as one of four subclasses within the class
Liliopsida. It consisted of the following:
2539:
2394:
2534:
2432:
2459:
2575:
2508:
1581:
1358:
1253:
8:
1375:
Cantino, Philip D.; James A. Doyle; Sean W. Graham; Walter S. Judd; Richard G. Olmstead;
1585:
2361:
1695:
1597:
1404:
1220:
280:
120:
111:
1640:
491: order
486: order
481: order
476: order
466: order
461: order
451: order
441: order
436: order
431: order
426: order
421: order
411: order
406: order
401: order
396: order
386: order
381: order
376: order
366: order
361: order
2454:
2355:
2170:
1556:
1539:
1454:
1437:
1376:
1298:
2367:
1952:
1781:
1751:
1601:
1589:
1572:
1529:
1501:
1459:
1449:
1396:
1380:
1354:
1290:
1249:
1212:
955:
503:
339:
327:
284:
2500:
2255:
2113:
1763:
1726:
1672:
1374:
319:
253:
163:
1294:
1198:
2486:
2278:
2235:
2180:
1852:
1776:
1320:Система и филогения цветковых растений (Systema et Phylogenia Magnoliophytorum)
990:
150:
981:(2009) contain essentially the same plants as the commelinoids of the earlier
101:
2569:
2417:
2157:
2118:
2050:
1968:
1828:
1676:
1332:
1163:
993:
is no longer directly placed under commelinids but instead a family of order
668:
558:
554:
347:
268:
176:
59:
2552:
2225:
2080:
2060:
2010:
1942:
1910:
1905:
1858:
1543:
1118:
1103:
1031:
1017:
848:
833:
698:
538:
518:
513:
452:
442:
422:
417:
407:
392:
387:
307:
304:
261:
227:
218:
208:
2426:
2293:
2288:
2217:
2133:
2055:
1997:
1986:
1876:
1846:
1818:
1745:
770:
644:
523:
482:
362:
357:
34:
1408:
271:
has informally named within the monocots. The remaining monocots are a
2273:
2250:
2175:
2128:
2123:
2103:
2065:
1981:
1864:
1803:
1795:
1464:
1224:
982:
714:
566:
343:
323:
79:
44:
1553:
The
Families of the Monocotyledons: Structure, Evolution, and Taxonomy
1534:
1517:
1506:
1487:
1383:; Michael J. Donoghue (2007). "Towards a phylogenetic nomenclature of
2303:
2283:
2240:
2230:
1947:
1808:
1739:
1593:
1400:
533:
467:
432:
322:, who named them the Commelinidae and assigned them to a subclass of
296:
272:
84:
2388:
1216:
2547:
2480:
2411:
2298:
2207:
2202:
2190:
2138:
2108:
2032:
1929:
1895:
1870:
1813:
1617:
1059:
1010:
994:
795:
746:
622:
592:
543:
528:
462:
457:
412:
318:
The commelinids were first recognized as a formal group in 1967 by
257:
203:
74:
69:
54:
49:
39:
2342:
2513:
2265:
2245:
2095:
2085:
2075:
2070:
1957:
978:
89:
64:
1199:"An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants"
2308:
2042:
2020:
1900:
1840:
1629:
1074:
1024:
986:
810:
492:
213:
829:
791:
664:
618:
249:
137:
1265:
1263:
580:
Cladogram 1: The phylogenetic composition of the monocots
561:
of order; most of the members were assigned to the clade
1551:
Dahlgren, R. M. T.; Clifford, H. T.; Yeo, P. F. (1985).
1260:
1670:
342:
treated this as one of six subclasses within the class
300:
471: superorder
456: superorder
446: superorder
416: superorder
391: superorder
371: superorder
356: superorder
1420:
1418:
1550:
1284:
1415:
2567:
542: order
537: order
532: order
527: order
522: order
517: order
512: order
326:(monocots). The name was also used in the 1981
260:, distinguished by having cell walls containing
1280:
1278:
1370:
1368:
557:does not use formal botanical names above the
1656:
1569:
1514:
1311:
1269:
1275:
267:The commelinids are the only clade that the
1365:
510: subclass Commelinidae
354: subclass Commelinidae
1663:
1649:
1333:http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/
100:
1533:
1505:
1463:
1453:
1317:
1493:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
1442:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
1347:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
1241:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
1430:
1204:Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden
2568:
1482:
1424:
1359:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x
1254:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x
1237:
565:in the monocots (its predecessor, the
2393:
2392:
1644:
1231:
977:The commelinids of APG II (2003) and
295:Members of the commelinid clade have
1190:
1166:and composition of the commelinids.
1196:
497:
333:
13:
1289:. Vol. 16. pp. 255–395.
350:). It consisted of the following:
14:
2592:
1610:
16:Clade of monocot flowering plants
2373:
2372:
2341:
1628:
1616:
1455:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x
124:
32:
1475:
1338:
1326:
972:
290:
1:
1184:
1027:(grasses, rushes, bromeliads)
999:
548:
1020:(spiderwort, water hyacinth)
7:
1555:. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
1295:10.1007/978-1-4615-6971-8_7
1179:List of commelinid families
1172:
582:
313:
10:
2597:
2470:
2401:
2350:
2339:
2264:
2216:
2198:
2189:
2166:
2155:
2094:
2041:
2028:
2019:
2006:
1995:
1977:
1966:
1938:
1927:
1886:
1836:
1827:
1794:
1790:
1772:
1761:
1735:
1724:
1684:
1270:Harris & Hartley 1976
1161:
1116:
1101:
1094:
1087:
1072:
1057:
1050:
846:
831:
823:
808:
793:
785:
768:
761:
744:
737:
712:
696:
689:
681:
666:
658:
642:
635:
620:
612:
605:
598:
233:
226:
200:
195:
121:Scientific classification
119:
108:
99:
23:
1335:the official APG website
275:unit. Also known as the
1318:Takhtajan, A. (1967).
1003:clade monocots :
30:Late Cretaceous–recent
2581:Plant unranked clades
2535:Paleobiology Database
783:commelinids 118
1637:at Wikimedia Commons
1448:(2): 105–121. 2009.
1353:(4): 399–436. 2003.
1287:Evolutionary Biology
1586:1976Natur.259..508H
1006:clade commelinids:
277:commelinid monocots
240:In plant taxonomy,
234:About 1,420 genera
109:Cock's-foot grass (
989:(2016) the family
960:Alismatid monocots
281:alismatid monocots
112:Dactylis glomerata
2563:
2562:
2455:Open Tree of Life
2395:Taxon identifiers
2386:
2385:
2356:Basal angiosperms
2337:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2171:Berberidopsidales
2151:
2150:
2147:
2146:
1923:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1633:Media related to
1580:(5543): 508–510.
1562:978-3-540-13655-2
1535:10.1111/nph.13617
1507:10.1111/boj.12385
1377:Douglas E. Soltis
1304:978-1-4615-6973-2
1170:
1169:
1156:
1155:
1147:
1146:
1138:
1137:
1129:
1128:
1034:(gingers, banana)
970:
969:
966:
965:
949:
948:
940:
939:
931:
930:
922:
921:
913:
912:
904:
903:
895:
894:
886:
885:
877:
876:
868:
867:
859:
858:
726:
725:
238:
237:
2588:
2556:
2555:
2543:
2542:
2530:
2529:
2517:
2516:
2504:
2503:
2491:
2490:
2489:
2463:
2462:
2450:
2449:
2437:
2436:
2435:
2422:
2421:
2420:
2390:
2389:
2376:
2375:
2345:
2196:
2195:
2164:
2163:
2026:
2025:
2004:
2003:
1975:
1974:
1936:
1935:
1834:
1833:
1792:
1791:
1770:
1769:
1752:Austrobaileyales
1733:
1732:
1711:Acrogymnospermae
1673:flowering plants
1665:
1658:
1651:
1642:
1641:
1632:
1621:Data related to
1620:
1605:
1594:10.1038/259508a0
1566:
1547:
1537:
1516:(January 2016).
1511:
1509:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1457:
1434:
1428:
1422:
1413:
1412:
1401:10.2307/25065865
1381:Pamela S. Soltis
1372:
1363:
1362:
1342:
1336:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1322:. Moscow: Nauka.
1315:
1309:
1308:
1282:
1273:
1267:
1258:
1257:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1194:
1097:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1053:
1052:
1043:
1042:
1000:
956:Lilioid monocots
826:
825:
788:
787:
764:
763:
740:
739:
692:
691:
684:
683:
661:
660:
638:
637:
615:
614:
608:
607:
601:
600:
588:
587:
583:
576:
575:
504:Cronquist system
498:Cronquist system
340:Takhtajan system
334:Takhtajan system
328:Cronquist system
285:lilioid monocots
254:flowering plants
129:
128:
104:
94:
31:
27:Temporal range:
21:
20:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2566:
2565:
2564:
2559:
2551:
2546:
2538:
2533:
2525:
2520:
2512:
2507:
2499:
2494:
2485:
2484:
2479:
2466:
2458:
2453:
2445:
2440:
2431:
2430:
2425:
2416:
2415:
2410:
2397:
2387:
2382:
2346:
2313:
2260:
2212:
2185:
2160:
2143:
2114:Crossosomatales
2090:
2037:
2015:
2000:
1991:
1971:
1962:
1953:Trochodendrales
1932:
1915:
1882:
1823:
1786:
1782:Ceratophyllales
1766:
1757:
1729:
1720:
1701:Marchantiophyta
1680:
1669:
1613:
1608:
1563:
1522:New Phytologist
1478:
1473:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1423:
1416:
1373:
1366:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1331:
1327:
1316:
1312:
1305:
1283:
1276:
1268:
1261:
1236:
1232:
1217:10.2307/2992015
1195:
1191:
1187:
1175:
1157:
1148:
1139:
1130:
975:
962:
961:
958:
950:
941:
932:
923:
914:
905:
896:
887:
878:
869:
860:
727:
569:used the clade
551:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
509:
500:
490:
488:Centrolepidales
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
360:
355:
353:
336:
320:Armen Takhtajan
316:
293:
123:
95:
93:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
37:
29:
28:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2594:
2584:
2583:
2578:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2557:
2544:
2531:
2518:
2505:
2492:
2476:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2464:
2451:
2438:
2423:
2407:
2405:
2399:
2398:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2380:
2370:
2364:
2358:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2327:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2270:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2258:
2256:Paracryphiales
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2222:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2205:
2199:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2181:Caryophyllales
2178:
2173:
2167:
2161:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2100:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2047:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2029:
2023:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2013:
2007:
2001:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1978:
1972:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1939:
1933:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1892:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1880:
1874:
1868:
1862:
1856:
1850:
1844:
1837:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1800:
1798:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1784:
1779:
1773:
1767:
1764:Mesangiosperms
1762:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1755:
1749:
1743:
1736:
1730:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1706:Polypodiophyta
1703:
1698:
1693:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1668:
1667:
1660:
1653:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1626:
1625:at Wikispecies
1612:
1611:External links
1609:
1607:
1606:
1567:
1561:
1548:
1528:(2): 855–870.
1512:
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1471:
1429:
1414:
1364:
1337:
1325:
1310:
1303:
1274:
1259:
1248:(4): 399–436.
1230:
1211:(4): 531–553.
1188:
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1021:
1014:
991:Dasypogonaceae
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478:Flagellariales
348:monocotyledons
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33:
26:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2593:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2554:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2497:
2493:
2488:
2482:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2469:
2461:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2443:
2439:
2434:
2428:
2424:
2419:
2413:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2391:
2379:
2371:
2369:
2365:
2363:
2359:
2357:
2353:
2352:
2349:
2344:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2279:Metteniusales
2277:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2263:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2236:Escalloniales
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2158:Superasterids
2154:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2051:Zygophyllales
2049:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2040:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1994:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1969:Core eudicots
1965:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1926:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1885:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1853:Petrosaviales
1851:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1826:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1777:Chloranthales
1775:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1760:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1723:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1687:
1686:
1683:
1678:
1674:
1666:
1661:
1659:
1654:
1652:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1636:
1631:
1627:
1624:
1619:
1615:
1614:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1574:
1568:
1564:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1494:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1480:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1433:
1426:
1421:
1419:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1395:(3): E1–E44.
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1371:
1369:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1341:
1334:
1329:
1321:
1314:
1306:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1281:
1279:
1271:
1266:
1264:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1234:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1205:
1200:
1193:
1189:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1165:
1160:
1152:
1151:
1143:
1142:
1134:
1133:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1033:
1029:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1004:
1002:
1001:
998:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
957:
952:
945:
944:
936:
935:
927:
926:
918:
917:
909:
908:
900:
899:
891:
890:
882:
881:
873:
872:
864:
863:
855:
854:
851:
850:
844:
843:
840:
839:
836:
835:
828:
827:
821:
820:
817:
816:
813:
812:
806:
805:
802:
801:
798:
797:
790:
789:
782:
781:
778:
777:
774:
772:
766:
765:
758:
757:
754:
753:
750:
748:
742:
741:
735:
734:
731:
730:
722:
721:
718:
716:
710:
709:
706:
705:
702:
700:
694:
693:
686:
685:
679:
678:
675:
674:
671:
670:
669:Petrosaviales
663:
662:
655:
654:
651:
650:
647:
646:
640:
639:
633:
632:
629:
628:
625:
624:
617:
616:
610:
609:
603:
602:
595:
594:
590:
589:
585:
584:
581:
578:
577:
574:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
555:APG II system
546:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
507:
505:
495:
494:
489:
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
383:Pontederiales
379:
374:
373:Pontederianae
369:
364:
359:
351:
349:
345:
341:
331:
329:
325:
321:
311:
309:
306:
302:
298:
288:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
269:APG IV system
265:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
232:
229:
225:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
201:
199:
194:
191:
188:
185:
182:
181:
178:
175:
172:
169:
168:
165:
162:
159:
156:
155:
152:
151:Tracheophytes
149:
146:
143:
142:
139:
136:
133:
132:
127:
122:
118:
114:
113:
107:
103:
98:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
36:
22:
19:
2472:Commelinidae
2471:
2402:
2226:Aquifoliales
2119:Picramniales
2081:Cucurbitales
2061:Malpighiales
2011:Saxifragales
1943:Ranunculales
1911:Zingiberales
1906:Commelinales
1887:
1859:Dioscoreales
1740:Amborellales
1716:Angiospermae
1577:
1571:
1552:
1525:
1521:
1497:
1491:
1476:Bibliography
1445:
1441:
1432:
1392:
1388:
1385:Tracheophyta
1384:
1350:
1346:
1340:
1328:
1319:
1313:
1286:
1245:
1239:
1233:
1208:
1202:
1197:APG (1998).
1192:
1162:The current
1119:Zingiberales
1117:
1104:Commelinales
1102:
1073:
1058:
1046:
1032:Zingiberales
1018:Commelinales
976:
849:Zingiberales
847:
834:Commelinales
832:
809:
794:
769:
745:
713:
699:Dioscoreales
697:
667:
643:
621:
591:
579:
571:commelinoids
570:
562:
552:
539:Hydatellales
519:Eriocaulales
514:Commelinales
508:
501:
453:Hydatellales
448:Hydatellanae
443:Eriocaulales
423:Commelinales
418:Commelinanae
408:Zingiberales
393:Zingiberanae
388:Haemodorales
352:
337:
317:
308:ferulic acid
294:
276:
273:paraphyletic
266:
262:ferulic acid
246:commelinoids
245:
244:(originally
241:
239:
219:Zingiberales
209:Commelinales
189:
183:
170:
157:
144:
110:
18:
2576:Commelinids
2433:Commelinids
2427:Wikispecies
2403:Commelinids
2294:Gentianales
2289:Boraginales
2218:Campanulids
2134:Brassicales
2056:Celastrales
1998:Superrosids
1987:Dilleniales
1888:Commelinids
1877:Asparagales
1847:Alismatales
1819:Magnoliales
1746:Nymphaeales
1727:Angiosperms
1688:Supergroup
1635:Commelinids
1623:Commelinids
1500:(1): 1–20.
1465:10654/18083
1425:APG IV 2016
1047:commelinids
985:(1998). In
973:Subdivision
771:Asparagales
645:Alismatales
563:commelinids
524:Restionales
483:Restionales
378:Philydrales
368:Velloziales
363:Bromeliales
358:Bromelianae
305:fluorescent
299:containing
291:Description
256:within the
242:commelinids
190:Commelinids
164:Angiosperms
24:Commelinids
2570:Categories
2362:Alismatids
2274:Icacinales
2251:Dipsacales
2176:Santalales
2129:Huerteales
2124:Sapindales
2104:Geraniales
2066:Oxalidales
1982:Gunnerales
1865:Pandanales
1804:Canellales
1796:Magnoliids
1671:Orders of
1185:References
983:APG system
715:Pandanales
596: 131
567:APG system
549:APG system
438:Rapateales
344:Liliopsida
324:Liliopsida
297:cell walls
2309:Vahliales
2304:Solanales
2284:Garryales
2241:Bruniales
2231:Asterales
1948:Proteales
1809:Piperales
1696:Bryophyta
1164:phylogeny
534:Cyperales
468:Cyperales
433:Xyridales
428:Mayacales
228:Diversity
134:Kingdom:
2553:43000094
2548:Tropicos
2514:58972355
2487:Q1115272
2481:Wikidata
2412:Wikidata
2378:Category
2368:Lilioids
2299:Lamiales
2208:Ericales
2203:Cornales
2191:Asterids
2139:Malvales
2109:Myrtales
1930:Eudicots
1896:Arecales
1871:Liliales
1841:Acorales
1829:Monocots
1814:Laurales
1544:26350789
1486:(2016).
1409:25065865
1173:See also
1060:Arecales
1011:Arecales
995:Arecales
796:Arecales
747:Liliales
623:Acorales
593:monocots
544:Typhales
529:Juncales
463:Juncales
458:Juncanae
413:Cannales
403:Lowiales
314:Taxonomy
283:and the
258:monocots
204:Arecales
177:Monocots
2418:Q868546
2266:Lamiids
2246:Apiales
2096:Malvids
2086:Fagales
2076:Rosales
2071:Fabales
2033:Vitales
1958:Buxales
1602:4272319
1582:Bibcode
1225:2992015
1013:(palms)
979:APG III
398:Musales
248:) is a
196:Orders
138:Plantae
2501:215356
2460:225270
2043:Fabids
2021:Rosids
1901:Poales
1677:APG IV
1600:
1573:Nature
1559:
1542:
1484:APG IV
1407:
1301:
1223:
1075:Poales
1030:order
1025:Poales
1023:order
1016:order
1009:order
987:APG IV
811:Poales
493:Poales
473:Poanae
214:Poales
2540:54956
2527:39092
1690:Plant
1598:S2CID
1405:JSTOR
1389:Taxon
1221:JSTOR
250:clade
184:Clade
171:Clade
158:Clade
145:Clade
2522:ITIS
2496:APNI
2447:4734
2442:NCBI
1557:ISBN
1540:PMID
1299:ISBN
773:120
759:121
749:121
701:115
687:120
656:122
559:rank
553:The
502:The
338:The
35:PreꞒ
2509:EoL
1590:doi
1578:259
1530:doi
1526:209
1502:doi
1498:181
1460:hdl
1450:doi
1446:161
1397:doi
1387:".
1355:doi
1351:141
1291:doi
1250:doi
1246:141
1213:doi
717:91
252:of
2572::
2550::
2537::
2524::
2511::
2498::
2483::
2457::
2444::
2429::
2414::
1596:.
1588:.
1576:.
1538:.
1524:.
1520:.
1496:.
1490:.
1458:.
1444:.
1440:.
1417:^
1403:.
1393:56
1391:.
1379:;
1367:^
1349:.
1297:.
1277:^
1262:^
1244:.
1219:.
1209:85
1207:.
1201:.
997:.
346:(=
310:.
301:UV
287:.
264:.
186::
173::
160::
147::
115:)
85:Pg
2366:³
2360:²
2354:¹
1879:³
1873:³
1867:³
1861:³
1855:³
1849:²
1843:²
1754:¹
1748:¹
1742:¹
1692::
1679:)
1675:(
1664:e
1657:t
1650:v
1604:.
1592::
1584::
1565:.
1546:.
1532::
1510:.
1504::
1468:.
1462::
1452::
1427:.
1411:.
1399::
1361:.
1357::
1307:.
1293::
1272:.
1256:.
1252::
1227:.
1215::
303:-
90:N
80:K
75:J
70:T
65:P
60:C
55:D
50:S
45:O
40:Ꞓ
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