268:. He is most apologetic in criticizing this giant of Halacha, and justifies himself by saying that his insights serve only to enhance this indispensable code. In a comic and poetic style he writes about himself, "Do not classify this youth as an empty barrel, for ofttimes aged wine may be found in a new vessel". His father wrote a poem about him as well, praising him and blessing his creator for giving him such a gifted prodigy.
563:
321:
of Posquières, who alluded in his harsh fashion to
Zerahiah as an immature youth who had had the audacity to criticize his master, and even accused him of having appropriated some of his (Abraham's) own interpretations without mentioning the author. A justification of Zerahiah's critique was written
271:
These writings belong to a special kind of
Rabbinical literature - so-called "objections" raised by the scholars of Provence against attempts by the scholars from Muslim lands to force the adoption of their halakhot and commentaries. From this point of view, Zerachiah stands together with
167:
Zerachiah was not only a thorough
Talmudist of great erudition, with an analytic and synthetic mind, but he was also deeply versed in Arabic literature, in philosophy, and in astronomy, and was, also, a gifted poet, combining elegance of style with elevation of sentiment.
189:
Zerachiah knew Arabic well and quickly absorbed the disciplines studied in
Provence, but from his writings one could easily feel the tension that existed between him and his surroundings. Fame of a scholar and expert on halakhic problems came to him thanks to his book
284:. However, as Rabbi Abraham was much more accepting of the Rif, prompting his criticism of Rabbi Zerachia's criticism of the Rif, this is classification is vague at most. Zerachiah, in many cases, prefers the variants of commentaries supplemented by
452:
Zerachya was the author of numerous liturgical poems, eighteen of which are found in the
Sephardic Maḥzor. His poetry is included in various liturgical rites and was published in a critical edition by B. Bar-Tikva.
469:, who outlived his friend and rival by 13 years, softened his tone after Zerachiah's death and wrote about him with great respect, criticizing him only on the substance of issues under consideration.
111:, and the son of Zerachiah Ha-Levi, his namesake. The elder Zerachiah was a son of Shem Tov Ha-Levi, one of the greatest Talmudic scholars in Provence, who claimed direct descent of the prophet
443:(vii. 3); a dissertation on the Mishnah Kinnim, published at Constantinople in 1795; and responsa, mentioned in the "Sefer ha-Ma'or" at the end of the second chapter of Giṭṭin and quoted in the
260:
views, but at the same time holds him and his works in high esteem. Aware of the fact that he was much younger than the "Rif" whose
Halachic decisions were accepted throughout
264:, and his authority was undisputed he vindicates himself, in his prologue, by bringing examples of other young scholars who differed with acknowledged sages, such as
172:
said of
Zerachiah: "he was unique in his generation and wiser than I", and praised him for his elaborate style of writing. Jehudah Ibn Tibbon sent his son
371:
This work, like its predecessor, was criticized by Naḥmanides, who justified Alfasi. Major differences in opinion also emerged between
Zerachiah and the
461:
Zerachia Halevi influenced greatly the following generations of rabbis and scholars, and some of them wrote responsa in his defense, among them
368:, etc. At the same time, he endeavored to show that Alfasi had not observed the principles laid down in the Talmud for halakic interpretation.
1723:
1122:
957:
611:
309:
Zerachiah's independence also displeased the conservatives, however, and refutations of his criticisms were written by
1350:
17:
1355:
1493:
1339:
1177:
1172:
344:
1212:
1107:
963:
750:
1697:
1610:
1309:
1102:
1068:
1733:
1573:
1217:
1019:
969:
756:
1473:
1365:
1242:
1187:
951:
1605:
1595:
1589:
1532:
1483:
1222:
169:
576:
164:), but the conflicts, disputes and quarrels constantly splitting the community forced him to leave.
1682:
1672:
1192:
1090:
1014:
1009:
662:
1600:
1538:
1430:
1375:
1321:
1265:
581:
1410:
1405:
1380:
989:
860:
604:
1743:
1728:
1625:
1620:
739:
667:
642:
540:
1687:
1579:
1297:
1237:
8:
1702:
1508:
1458:
1440:
1415:
1370:
1038:
984:
979:
939:
893:
546:
411:
a critique of RABaD's treatise on the laws relating to women, published in part with the
161:
1207:
1152:
1692:
1662:
1656:
1360:
1315:
1303:
1247:
1167:
1078:
1073:
945:
701:
1202:
296:. From this point of view, the works of Zerachiah reflect a mingling of the school of
1667:
1630:
1615:
1561:
1503:
1390:
1270:
1227:
1137:
1117:
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212:
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72:
1738:
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1182:
1157:
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1063:
974:
911:
878:
872:
819:
776:
745:
719:
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657:
478:
445:
391:(§§ 225, 226, Venice, 1622), and were also published separately at Shklov in 1803.
143:
1651:
1646:
1567:
1498:
1488:
1478:
1468:
1435:
1400:
1395:
1291:
1197:
1162:
1142:
1112:
999:
888:
866:
786:
729:
724:
534:
525:
34:
843:
814:
781:
572:
112:
1717:
1463:
1147:
883:
848:
831:
771:
713:
567:
60:
1543:
1385:
1333:
1053:
994:
791:
691:
636:
628:
510:
255:
194:
which was begun when he was 19 years old, and was completed in the 1180s.
1232:
928:
809:
734:
552:
566: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
288:, and, to a great extent, he relies upon the methods of the scholars of
1677:
1425:
922:
686:
462:
323:
310:
281:
277:
265:
934:
801:
372:
160:
problems. For many years thereafter he lived in Lunel (studying with
64:
379:. Zerachiah replied in kind, writing objections to the Ravad's work
903:
620:
361:
139:
135:
108:
104:
100:
419:
a controversy with RABaD on civil jurisprudence, mentioned in the
103:
family called
Yitzhari of Gerona. His father was Isaac Ha-Levi, a
1518:
1450:
1257:
1058:
357:
353:
302:
244:
157:
153:
1029:
365:
293:
289:
236:
228:
206:
148:
120:
115:, who according to Jewish tradition was a direct descendant of
88:
84:
423:
on Baba Meẓi'a and cited in part by
Bezaleel Ashkenazi in his
306:
of the scholars of Spain and France not uncommon in Provence.
1553:
1280:
1132:
1043:
677:
466:
285:
261:
205:(the small light). In the first part the issues connected to
128:
116:
80:
76:
68:
589:
220:
124:
465:, who previously had been his irreconcilable critic. Even
383:
which were full of sarcasm and personal attacks. Both the
399:
Zerachya was likewise the author of the following works:
407:
at the end of the first chapter on the treatise Ḥullin;
497:
The Rishonim, The Artscroll history series, Pg. 163-164
387:
and the criticism of Naḥmanides were inserted in the
531:
Reifmann, Toledot R. Zeraḥyah ha-Lewi, Prague, 1853;
504:
71:– hence the name Gerondi – and died after 1186 in
1715:
334:has always been printed together with Alfasi.
119:(hence the family name "Ha-Yitzhari"), son of
605:
435:at the end of the first chapter of Shebu'ot;
571:
558:Michael, Or ha-Ḥayyim, p. 367, No. 826
253:consistently and critically objects to the
612:
598:
138:and studied with the Talmudic scholars of
233:are discussed, and in the second part -
516:idem, in Allg. Zeit. des Jud. iii. 679;
439:quoted by the author's grandson in his
342:Additionally, Zerachiah wrote the book
14:
1716:
27:12th century Catalonian rabbi and poet
593:
519:Sachs, Religiöse Poesie, p. 257;
280:, known because of his objections to
59:) was born about 1115 in the town of
577:"Zerahiah ben Isaac ha-Levi Gerondi"
555:, Gallia Judaica, pp. 255, 282;
197:The book is divided into two parts:
537:, La France Israélite, p. 107;
348:, which explained 13 principles of
38:
31:Zerachiah ben Isaac ha-Levi Gerondi
24:
25:
1755:
575:; et al., eds. (1901–1906).
528:, 'Ammude ha-'Abodah, p. 63;
337:
134:In his youth, Zerachiah moved to
1351:Isaac ben Mordecai of Regensburg
585:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
561:
505:Jewish Encyclopedia bibliography
184:
1356:Ephraim ben Isaac of Regensburg
549:, Keneset Yisrael, p. 570;
522:Dukes, in Orient, Lit. ix. 760;
146:). At the age of 19 he wrote a
1494:Moses ben Isaac ben ha-Nessiah
1340:Judah ben Samuel of Regensburg
1178:Elhanan ben Isaac of Dampierre
1173:Isaac ben Abraham of Dampierre
491:
415:(Venice, 1741; Berlin, 1762);
409:Hassagot 'al Ba'ale ha-Nefesh,
394:
13:
1:
1213:Samuel ben Solomon of Falaise
1108:Abraham ben Joseph of Orleans
964:Abraham ben Isaac of Narbonne
751:Shem Tov ben Abraham ibn Gaon
543:, Cat. Bodl. cols. 2589-2593;
484:
427:on Baba Meẓi'a, p. 98a;
1698:Judah Leon ben Moses Mosconi
1611:Eliezer ben Samuel of Verona
1310:Yaakov ben Moshe Levi Moelin
1069:Samson ben Joseph of Falaise
619:
375:who wrote objections to the
142:(one of them was the famous
94:
7:
1724:12th-century Catalan rabbis
1574:Isaiah di Trani the Younger
1218:Judah ben Isaac Messer Leon
970:Levi ben Abraham ben Hayyim
838:Zerachiah ha-Levi of Girona
757:Meir ben Solomon Abi-Sahula
472:
10:
1760:
1474:Eliyahu Menachem of London
1366:Eliezer ben Isaac ha-Gadol
1243:Elijah ben Menahem HaZaken
1188:Samson ben Abraham of Sens
952:David ben Levi of Narbonne
401:Hilkot Sheḥiṭah u-Bediḳah,
317:(lit. Wars of God) and by
99:Zerachiah was born into a
1639:
1606:Moses ben Meir of Ferrara
1552:
1517:
1484:Jacob ben Judah of London
1449:
1256:
1223:Joseph ben Samuel Bonfils
1028:
902:
800:
676:
627:
456:
176:to study with Zerachiah.
170:Judah Ben Saul Ibn Tibbon
1683:Isaac ben Jacob ha-Lavan
1673:Isaac ben Samuel of Acre
1193:Isaac ben Eliezer Halevi
1123:Haim ben Hananel HaCohen
1091:Moses ben Jacob of Coucy
1015:Aaron ben Jacob ha-Kohen
663:Samuel ben Jacob ibn Jam
179:
1539:Avigdor Cohen of Vienna
1431:Isaac ben Asher ha-Levi
1376:Yehuda HaKohen ben Meir
1322:Eliezer ben Joel HaLevi
1266:Meshullam ben Kalonymus
582:The Jewish Encyclopedia
156:and devoted himself to
1411:Jacob ben Judah Landau
1406:Joel ben Isaac ha-Levi
1381:Meir ben Baruch Halevi
990:Abraham of Montpellier
861:Simeon ben Zemah Duran
201:(the great light) and
1626:Isaac ben Melchizedek
1621:Joseph Colon Trabotto
1306:(Maharam MeRotenberg)
966:(Raavad II, HaEshkol)
740:Isaac ben Moses Arama
668:Shemariah ben Elhanan
643:Chananel ben Chushiel
541:Moritz Steinschneider
356:and composed various
1703:Nethanel ben Isaiah
1688:Nathan ben Abraham I
1580:Obadiah of Bertinoro
1298:Mordechai ben Hillel
1238:Shemaiah of Soissons
513:, Z. G. p. 476;
55:(author of the book
1592:(Shibbolei HaLeket)
1509:Berechiah de Nicole
1459:Aaron of Canterbury
1441:Isaac Asir HaTikvah
1416:Samuel ben Natronai
1371:Judah ben Kalonymus
1336:(Hagahot Maimuniot)
1039:Rabbi Abin ha-Gadol
985:Asher ben Meshullam
980:Meshullam ben Jacob
940:Isaac ben Abba Mari
894:Judah ben Barzillai
429:Sela' ha-Maḥaloḳot,
330:and since 1552 the
292:in commentaries on
249:. In this book the
1734:Rabbis from Girona
1693:Hillel ben Eliakim
1663:Zerahiah the Greek
1657:Tobiah ben Eliezer
1529:(Terumat HaDeshen)
1361:Samson ben Eliezer
1316:Eliezer ben Nathan
1304:Meir of Rothenburg
1273:(Rabbeinu Gershom)
1248:Ephraim ben Samson
1168:Eliezer of Touques
1079:Eliezer ben Samuel
1074:Yom Tov of Falaise
946:Abraham ben Nathan
742:(Akeidat Yitzchak)
680:(except Catalonia)
425:Shiṭṭah Meḳubbeẓet
162:Meshullam of Lunel
87:commentator and a
75:. He was a famous
1711:
1710:
1668:Isaac ben Dorbolo
1631:Judah Messer Leon
1616:Hillel ben Samuel
1562:Nathan ben Jehiel
1504:Yom Tov of Joigny
1391:Israel of Bamberg
1342:(Yehudah haHasid)
1271:Gershom ben Judah
1228:Menahem ben Helbo
1138:Peretz ben Elijah
1118:Judah ben Yom Tov
1049:List of Tosafists
1032:(except Provence)
1020:Jonathan of Lunel
1010:Isaac of Narbonne
1005:Samuel ibn Tibbon
917:Abraham ben David
855:Isaac ben Sheshet
826:Shlomo ibn Aderet
767:Maimon ben Joseph
762:Isaac ibn Ghiyyat
708:Joseph ibn Migash
653:Zechariah Aghmati
648:Dunash ben Labrat
431:mentioned in the
403:mentioned in the
389:Sefer Temim De'im
319:Abraham ben David
274:Abraham ben David
174:Samuel ibn Tibbon
16:(Redirected from
1751:
1585:Menahem Recanati
1527:Israel Isserlein
1421:Alexander Suslin
1346:Yaakov ben Yakar
1328:Eleazar of Worms
1286:Asher ben Jehiel
1277:Simeon bar Isaac
1208:Samuel of Évreux
1183:Baruch ben Isaac
1158:Samson of Chinon
1153:Jacob of Orléans
1128:Yechiel of Paris
1097:Judah ben Nathan
1085:Isaac ben Samuel
1064:Solomon ben Meir
975:Moshe ha-Darshan
958:Moses ben Joseph
912:Hachmei Provence
879:Azriel of Gerona
875:(Nimmukei Yosef)
873:Joseph ibn Habib
869:(Maggid Mishneh)
834:(Rabbeinu Yonah)
820:Nissim of Gerona
777:Abraham ibn Daud
746:Rabbenu Yerucham
720:Bahya ibn Paquda
702:Yom Tov Asevilli
697:Abraham ibn Ezra
658:Nissim ben Jacob
614:
607:
600:
591:
590:
586:
565:
564:
498:
495:
479:Hachmei Provence
446:Sefer ha-Terumot
413:Ba'ale ha-Nefesh
381:Baalei Ha-Nefesh
328:Shemen la-Ma'or,
326:under the title
315:Milḥamot hashem,
313:under the title
203:Ha-Maor Ha-Katan
199:Ha-Maor Ha-Gadol
40:
21:
18:Zerahiah ha-Levi
1759:
1758:
1754:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1749:
1748:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1707:
1652:Elijah Mizrachi
1647:Isaac Abarbanel
1635:
1568:Isaiah di Trani
1548:
1533:Isaac of Vienna
1513:
1499:Moses of London
1489:Josce of London
1479:Hagin Deulacres
1469:Elias of London
1445:
1436:Simha of Speyer
1401:Judah ben Asher
1396:Ephraim of Bonn
1292:Jacob ben Asher
1252:
1203:Moses of Évreux
1198:Meir ben Samuel
1163:Jacob of Chinon
1143:Eliezer of Toul
1113:Elijah of Paris
1024:
1000:Isaac the Blind
898:
889:Judah ben Yakar
867:Vidal of Tolosa
796:
787:Jonah ibn Janah
730:David Abudirham
725:Bahya ben Asher
672:
623:
618:
573:Singer, Isidore
562:
535:Eliakim Carmoly
526:Leser Landshuth
507:
502:
501:
496:
492:
487:
475:
459:
397:
340:
187:
182:
144:Moshe ben Yosef
97:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1757:
1747:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1654:
1649:
1643:
1641:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1571:
1565:
1558:
1556:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1530:
1523:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1455:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1337:
1331:
1325:
1319:
1313:
1307:
1301:
1295:
1294:(Baal HaTurim)
1289:
1283:
1274:
1268:
1262:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1094:
1088:
1082:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1035:
1033:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
961:
955:
949:
943:
937:
932:
926:
920:
914:
908:
906:
900:
899:
897:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
870:
864:
858:
852:
846:
844:Hasdai Crescas
841:
835:
829:
823:
817:
815:Menachem Meiri
812:
806:
804:
798:
797:
795:
794:
789:
784:
782:Moses ibn Ezra
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
748:
743:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
711:
705:
699:
694:
689:
683:
681:
674:
673:
671:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
633:
631:
625:
624:
617:
616:
609:
602:
594:
588:
587:
559:
556:
550:
544:
538:
532:
529:
523:
520:
517:
514:
506:
503:
500:
499:
489:
488:
486:
483:
482:
481:
474:
471:
458:
455:
441:Bedeḳ ha-Bayit
433:Sefer ha-Ma'or
421:Sefer ha-Ma'or
405:Sefer ha-Ma'or
396:
393:
385:Sefer Ha-Tsava
345:Sefer Ha-Tsava
339:
338:Sefer Ha-Tsava
336:
332:Sefer ha-Ma'or
186:
183:
181:
178:
96:
93:
41:), called the
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1756:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1638:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1596:Benjamin Anaw
1594:
1591:
1590:Zedekiah Anaw
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1464:Aaron of York
1462:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1448:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
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1087:(Ri HaZaken)
1054:Rabbeinu Tam
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735:Joseph Albo
710:(Ri Migash)
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395:Other works
360:related to
107:scholar in
1718:Categories
1678:Moses Taku
1601:Judah Anav
1535:(Or Zarua)
1426:Jacob Weil
948:(HaManhig)
923:Gersonides
863:(Tashbatz)
687:Maimonides
485:References
463:Nahmanides
449:(xlv. 1).
324:Ezra Malki
311:Nahmanides
282:Maimonides
278:Posquieres
266:Ibn Janach
209:tractates
39:זרחיה הלוי
1640:Elsewhere
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1318:(Ra'aven)
1312:(Maharil)
942:(HaIttur)
935:Abba Mari
802:Catalonia
373:Ravad III
358:halakhoth
127:, son of
123:, son of
95:Biography
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1081:(Yereim)
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904:Provence
857:(Rivash)
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473:See also
362:shechita
352:used in
300:and the
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207:Talmudic
158:halakhic
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136:Provence
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154:Aramaic
117:Yitzhar
57:Ha-Maor
1576:(Riaz)
1288:(Rosh)
1030:France
457:Legacy
366:Niddah
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290:France
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149:piyyut
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85:Talmud
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678:Spain
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467:Ravad
286:Rashi
262:Spain
251:ReZaH
221:Mo'ed
180:Works
129:Jacob
81:Torah
77:rabbi
73:Lunel
69:Spain
47:RaZBI
43:ReZaH
364:and
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89:poet
83:and
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256:Rif
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