Zebrafish - Knowledge

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Also like mammals, zebrafish store excess lipids in visceral, intramuscular, and subcutaneous adipose deposits. These reasons and others make zebrafish good models for studying obesity in humans and other species. Genetic obesity is usually studied in transgenic or mutated zebrafish with obesogenic genes. As an example, transgenic zebrafish with overexpressed AgRP, an endogenous melanocortin antagonist, showed increased body weight and adipose deposition during growth. Though zebrafish genes may not be the exact same as human genes, these tests could provide important insight into possible genetic causes and treatments for human genetic obesity. Diet-induced obesity zebrafish models are useful, as diet can be modified from a very early age. High fat diets and general overfeeding diets both show rapid increases in adipose deposition, increased BMI, hepatosteatosis, and hypertriglyceridemia. However, the normal fat, overfed specimens are still metabolically healthy, while high-fat diet specimens are not. Understanding differences between types of feeding-induced obesity could prove useful in human treatment of obesity and related health conditions.

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insulin are two examples of those such cells. This structure of the pancreas, along with the glucose homeostasis system, are helpful in studying diseases, such as diabetes, that are related to the pancreas. Models for pancreas function, such as fluorescent staining of proteins, are useful in determining the processes of glucose homeostasis and the development of the pancreas. Glucose tolerance tests have been developed using zebrafish, and can now be used to test for glucose intolerance or diabetes in humans. The function of insulin are also being tested in zebrafish, which will further contribute to human medicine. The majority of work done surrounding knowledge on glucose homeostasis has come from work on zebrafish transferred to humans.

2006: 585: 2293:(DM1) pathogenesis. More recently, Todd et al. described a new zebrafish model designed to explore the impact of CUG repeat expression during early development in DM1 disease. Zebrafish is also an excellent animal model to study congenital muscular dystrophies including CMD Type 1 A (CMD 1A) caused by mutation in the human laminin α2 (LAMA2) gene. The zebrafish, because of its advantages discussed above, and in particular the ability of zebrafish embryos to absorb chemicals, has become a model of choice in screening and testing new drugs against muscular dystrophies. 2215: 633:. Researchers have been able to collect 10,000 embryos in 10 minutes using this method. In particular, one pair of adult fish is capable of laying 200–300 eggs in one morning in approximately 5 to 10 at time. Male zebrafish are furthermore known to respond to more pronounced markings on females, i.e., "good stripes", but in a group, males will mate with whichever females they can find. What attracts females is not currently understood. The presence of plants, even plastic plants, also apparently encourages spawning. 755: 89: 2099:

potential to improve the understanding of the interaction of the drug with the biological system by mathematical quantification and subsequent prediction to new situations, like new drugs or new organisms or patients. Using these computational methods, the previously mentioned analysis of paracetamol internal exposure in zebrafish larvae showed reasonable correlation between paracetamol clearance in zebrafish with that of higher vertebrates, including humans.

2140:. In one study, the model was used as a tool to understand the functional importance of genes known to be amplified and overexpressed in human melanoma. One gene, SETDB1, markedly accelerated tumor formation in the zebrafish system, demonstrating its importance as a new melanoma oncogene. This was particularly significant because SETDB1 is known to be involved in the epigenetic regulation that is increasingly appreciated to be central to tumor cell biology. 64: 1004: 2086:. Systems biology characterizes (part of) an organism by a mathematical description of all relevant processes. These can be for example different signal transduction pathways that upon a specific signal lead to a certain response. By quantifying these processes, their behaviour in healthy and diseased situation can be understood and predicted. Pharmacometrics uses data from preclinical experiments and 625:

small cells (3.25 h panel). The cells then migrate down the sides of the yolk (8 h panel) and begin forming a head and tail (16 h panel). The tail then grows and separates from the body (24 h panel). The yolk shrinks over time because the fish uses it for food as it matures during the first few days (72 h panel). After a few months, the adult fish reaches reproductive maturity (bottom panel).

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testing, and exhibits a diurnal sleep cycle with similarities to mammalian sleep behavior. However, zebrafish are not a universally ideal research model; there are a number of disadvantages to their scientific use, such as the absence of a standard diet and the presence of small but important differences between zebrafish and mammals in the roles of some genes related to human disorders.

2044:. To date, 65 small-molecule screens have been carried out and at least one has led to clinical trials. Within these screens, many technical challenges remain to be resolved, including differing rates of drug absorption resulting in levels of internal exposure that cannot be extrapolated from the water concentration, and high levels of natural variation between individual animals. 2230:-sensitive cells supplementing the red, green and blue cone cell subtypes found in humans. Zebrafish can thus observe a very wide spectrum of colours. The species is also studied to better understand the development of the retina; in particular, how the cone cells of the retina become arranged into the so-called 'cone mosaic'. Zebrafish, in addition to certain other 1811:. Exposure of zebrafish to environmental stress induced by the chemical clotrimazole, an imidazole fungicide used in agriculture and in veterinary and human medicine, amplified the effects of inbreeding on key reproductive traits. Embryo viability was significantly reduced in inbred exposed fish and there was a tendency for inbred males to sire fewer offspring. 2265:

in the eyes of humans aged from 18 months to 91 years, and were able to develop them into all types of retinal neurons. They were also able to grow them easily in the lab. The stem cells successfully migrated into diseased rats' retinas, and took on the characteristics of the surrounding neurons. The

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analysis. Because of its small size, however, it is very challenging to quantify the internal drug exposure. Traditionally multiple blood samples would be drawn to characterize the drug concentration profile over time, but this technique remains to be developed. To date, only a single pharmacokinetic

507:. There is usually some vegetation, either submerged or overhanging from the banks, and the bottom is sandy, muddy or silty, often mixed with pebbles or gravel. In surveys of zebrafish locations throughout much of its Bangladeshi and Indian distribution, the water had a near-neutral to somewhat basic 2301:

Zebrafish have been used as model organisms for bone metabolism, tissue turnover, and resorbing activity. These processes are largely evolutionary conserved. They have been used to study osteogenesis (bone formation), evaluating differentiation, matrix deposition activity, and cross-talk of skeletal

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of specific genes or block other processes from occurring on RNA. MO can be injected into one cell of an embryo after the 32-cell stage, reducing gene expression in only cells descended from that cell. However, cells in the early embryo (less than 32 cells) are permeable to large molecules, allowing

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and mostly ranged from 16.5 to 34 °C (61.7–93.2 °F) in temperature. One unusually cold site was only 12.3 °C (54.1 °F) and another unusually warm site was 38.6 °C (101.5 °F), but the zebrafish still appeared healthy. The unusually cold temperature was at one of the

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Zebrafish have been used as a model system to study obesity, with research into both genetic obesity and over-nutrition induced obesity. Obese zebrafish, similar to obese mammals, show dysregulation of lipid controlling metabolic pathways, which leads to weight gain without normal lipid metabolism.

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Zebrafish pancreas development is very homologous to mammals, such as mice. The signaling mechanisms and way the pancreas functions are very similar. The pancreas has an endocrine compartment, which contains a variety of cells. Pancreatic PP cells that produce polypeptides, and β-cells that produce

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The zebrafish and zebrafish larva is a suitable model organism for drug discovery and development. As a vertebrate with 70% genetic homology with humans, it can be predictive of human health and disease, while its small size and fast development facilitates experiments on a larger and quicker scale

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embryo. The zebrafish embryos are transparent and they develop outside of the uterus, which allows scientists to study the details of development starting from fertilization and continuing throughout development. The zebrafish is also demonstrably similar to mammalian models and humans in toxicity

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In probing disorders of the nervous system, including neurodegenerative diseases, movement disorders, psychiatric disorders and deafness, researchers are using the zebrafish to understand how the genetic defects underlying these conditions cause functional abnormalities in the human brain, spinal

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The zebrafish embryo develops rapidly, with precursors to all major organs appearing within 36 hours of fertilization. The embryo begins as a yolk with a single enormous cell on top (see image, 0 h panel), which divides into two (0.75 h panel) and continues dividing until there are thousands of

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studies, including the development of higher-throughput, automated investigative tools. As demonstrated through ongoing research programmes, the zebrafish model enables researchers not only to identify genes that might underlie human disease, but also to develop novel therapeutic agents in drug

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of zebrafish function as a protective external layer and are little bony plates made by osteoblasts. These exoskeletal structures are formed by bone matrix depositing osteoblasts and are remodeled by osteoclasts. The scales also act as the main calcium storage of the fish. They can be cultured

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origin. The zebrafish can reach up to 4–5 cm (1.6–2.0 in) in length, although they typically are 1.8–3.7 cm (0.7–1.5 in) in the wild with some variations depending on location. Its lifespan in captivity is around two to three years, although in ideal conditions, this may be

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from the body, or its interaction with the target to achieve a certain effect. By quantifying these processes, their behaviour after different doses or in different patients can be understood and predicted to new doses or patients. By integrating these two fields, systems pharmacology has the

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in Delhi, India, announced the sequencing of the genome of a wild zebrafish strain, containing an estimated 1.7 billion genetic letters. The genome of the wild zebrafish was sequenced at 39-fold coverage. Comparative analysis with the zebrafish reference genome revealed over 5 million single

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imaging and genetic dissection of host-pathogen interactions. Zebrafish models for a wide range of bacterial, viral and parasitic pathogens have already been established; for example, the zebrafish model for tuberculosis provides fundamental insights into the mechanisms of pathogenesis of

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to occur. Zebrafish are asynchronous spawners and under optimal conditions (such as food availability and favorable water parameters) can spawn successfully frequently, even on a daily basis. Females are able to spawn at intervals of two to three days, laying hundreds of eggs in each

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Zebrafish has been extensively used as a model organism to study vertebrate innate immunity. The innate immune system is capable of phagocytic activity by 28 to 30 h postfertilization (hpf) while adaptive immunity is not functionally mature until at least 4 weeks postfertilization.

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To understand drug effects, the internal drug exposure is essential, as this drives the pharmacological effect. Translating experimental results from zebrafish to higher vertebrates (like humans) requires concentration-effect relationships, which can be derived from

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cell using a chemical screening approach. This revealed that an inhibition of the DHODH protein (by a small molecule called leflunomide) prevented development of the neural crest stem cells which ultimately give rise to melanoma via interference with the process of

2189:, a major underpinning process in many diseases, researchers have established a zebrafish model of inflammation, and its resolution. This approach allows detailed study of the genetic controls of inflammation and the possibility of identifying potential new drugs. 1490:

genes, a sequence resembling vertebrate origin of light strand replication is found. It is difficult to draw evolutionary conclusions because it is difficult to determine whether base pair changes have adaptive significance via comparisons with other vertebrates'

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species. Given the opportunity, adults eat hatchlings, which may be protected by separating the two groups with a net, breeding box or separate tank. In captivity, zebrafish live approximately forty-two months. Some captive zebrafish can develop a curved spine.

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Zebrafish are hardy fish and considered good for beginner aquarists. Their enduring popularity can be attributed to their playful disposition, as well as their rapid breeding, aesthetics, cheap price and broad availability. They also do well in schools or

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pollution in lakes and rivers, which is linked to male infertility. The researchers cloned oestrogen-sensitive genes and injected them into the fertile eggs of zebrafish. The modified fish turned green if placed into water that was polluted by oestrogen.

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Canedo A, Rocha TL. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) using as model for genotoxicity and DNA repair assessments: Historical review, current status and trends. Sci Total Environ. 2021 Mar 25;762:144084. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144084. Epub 2020 Dec 14. PMID

2277:(MD) are a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders that cause muscle weakness, abnormal contractions and muscle wasting, often leading to premature death. Zebrafish is widely used as model organism to study muscular dystrophies. For example, the 1759:

alternate and repeat as well. They found that there was less reliance on U2AF2 protein than in humans, in which the protein is required for the splicing process to occur. The pattern of repeating base pairs around introns that alters RNA

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Zebrafish have been used as a model for studying DNA repair pathways. Embryos of externally fertilized fish species, such as zebrafish during their development, are directly exposed to environmental conditions such as pollutants and

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have also been found to regenerate following damage or developmental disruption. Study of gene expression during regeneration has allowed for the identification of several important signaling pathways involved in the process, such as

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Drug screens in zebrafish can be used to identify novel classes of compounds with biological effects, or to repurpose existing drugs for novel uses; an example of the latter would be a screen which found that a commonly used statin

2136:, these tumors strongly resemble the human disease, are fully transplantable, and exhibit large-scale genomic alterations. The BRAF melanoma model was utilized as a platform for two screens published in March 2011 in the journal 2357:

Zebrafish have been used as a model system to study epilepsy. Mammalian seizures can be recapitulated molecularly, behaviorally, and electrophysiologically, using a fraction of the resources required for experiments in mammals.

6517: 4585: 1772:. This indicates that an evolutionary change in tetrapods may have led to humans relying on the U2AF2 protein for RNA splicing while these genes in zebrafish undergo splicing regardless of the presence of the protein. 2306:) osteoblast formation during bone development. They start mineralising bone elements as early as 4 days post fertilisation. Recently, adult zebrafish are being used to study complex age related bone diseases such as 6780:

Dey A, Flajšhans M, Pšenička M, Gazo I. DNA repair genes play a variety of roles in the development of fish embryos. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2023 Mar 1;11:1119229. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1119229. PMID 36936683; PMCID:

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occurs at the site of the amputation, switching the zebrafish's cells to an "active", regenerative, stem cell-like state. In 2012, Australian scientists published a study revealing that zebrafish use a specialised

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To encourage the fish to spawn, some researchers use a fish tank with a sliding bottom insert, which reduces the depth of the pool to simulate the shore of a river. Zebrafish spawn best in the morning due to their

487:. The New Mexico population had been extirpated by 2003 and it is unclear if the others survive, as the last published records were decades ago. Elsewhere the species has been introduced to Colombia and Malaysia. 2319:

ex-vivo (kept alive outside of the organism) in a multi-well plate, which allows manipulation with drugs and even screening for new drugs that could change bone metabolism (between osteoblasts and osteoclasts).

553:. The individuals showed a capacity to remember context with respect to objects, locations and occasions (what, when, where). Episodic memory is a capacity of explicit memory systems, typically associated with 2451:

Whiteley, Andrew R.; Bhat, Anuradha; Martins, Emilia P.; Mayden, Richard L.; Arunachalam, M.; Uusi-Heikkilä, Silva; Ahmed, A. T. A.; Shrestha, Jiwan; Clark, Matthew; Stemple, Derek; Bernatchez, Louis (2011).

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Witten PE, Hansen A, Hall BK (December 2001). "Features of mono- and multinucleated bone resorbing cells of the zebrafish Danio rerio and their contribution to skeletal development, remodeling, and growth".

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In cardiovascular research, the zebrafish has been used to model human myocardial infarction model. The zebrafish heart completely regenerates after about 2 months of injury without any scar formation. The

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Forner-Piquer I, Santangeli S, Maradonna F, Rabbito A, Piscitelli F, Habibi HR, et al. (October 2018). "Disruption of the gonadal endocannabinoid system in zebrafish exposed to diisononyl phthalate".

6513: 6509: 613:. Upon release, embryonic development begins; in absence of sperm, growth stops after the first few cell divisions. Fertilized eggs almost immediately become transparent, a characteristic that makes 2074:

Using smart data analysis methods, pathophysiological and pharmacological processes can be understood and subsequently translated to higher vertebrates, including humans. An example is the use of

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mutation to make Casper strain fish that have no melanophores or iridophores, and are transparent into adulthood. These fish are characterized by uniformly pigmented eyes and translucent skin.

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nucleotide variations and over 1.6 million insertion deletion variations. The zebrafish reference genome sequence of 1.4GB and over 26,000 protein coding genes was published by Kerstin Howe

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is very rapid, and its embryos are relatively large, robust, and transparent, and able to develop outside their mother. Furthermore, well-characterized mutant strains are readily available.

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Lister JA, Robertson CP, Lepage T, Johnson SL, Raible DW (September 1999). "nacre encodes a zebrafish microphthalmia-related protein that regulates neural-crest-derived pigment cell fate".

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As the immune system is relatively conserved between zebrafish and humans, many human infectious diseases can be modeled in zebrafish. The transparent early life stages are well suited for

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The zebrafish is named for the five uniform, pigmented, horizontal, blue stripes on the side of the body, which are reminiscent of a zebra's stripes, and which extend to the end of the

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regions. It has frequently been said to occur in Myanmar (Burma), but this is entirely based on pre-1930 records and likely refers to close relatives only described later, notably

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Novoa B, Figueras A (2012-01-01). "Zebrafish: Model for the Study of Inflammation and the Innate Immune Response to Infectious Diseases". In Lambris JD, Hajishengallis G (eds.).

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Lamason RL, Mohideen MA, Mest JR, Wong AC, Norton HL, Aros MC, et al. (December 2005). "SLC24A5, a putative cation exchanger, affects pigmentation in zebrafish and humans".

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cells, to create and isolate mutants modeling human bone diseases, and test new chemical compounds for the ability to revert bone defects. The larvae can be used to follow new (

2152:. Because this approach would aim to target the "identity" of the melanoma cell rather than a single genetic mutation, leflunomide may have utility in treating human melanoma. 4589: 1641:

is the only natural DNA transposable element in vertebrates from which an autonomous member has been identified. Examples include the artificial interaction produced between

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to characterize the pharmacological processes that are underlying the relation between the drug dose and its response or clinical outcome. These can be for example the drug

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similarly to other vertebrates. The Bruce et al. team are known for this area, and in Bruce et al. 2003 & Bruce et al. 2005 uncover the role of two of these elements in

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ran an advertising campaign publicising its intention to study the applicability of this ability to humans, stating that it aimed to raise £50 million in research funding.

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Brannen KC, Panzica-Kelly JM, Danberry TL, Augustine-Rauch KA (February 2010). "Development of a zebrafish embryo teratogenicity assay and quantitative prediction model".

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expression of recessive deleterious alleles. For zebrafish, inbreeding depression might be expected to be more severe in stressful environments, including those caused by

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gene was then characterized in humans and a one base pair difference was found to strongly segregate fair-skinned Europeans and dark-skinned Africans. Zebrafish with the

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de Vrieze E, van Kessel MA, Peters HM, Spanings FA, Flik G, Metz JR (February 2014). "Prednisolone induces osteoporosis-like phenotype in regenerating zebrafish scales".

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possible. In January 2013, Japanese scientists genetically modified a transparent zebrafish specimen to produce a visible glow during periods of intense brain activity.

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and traditional outbred stocks have not been developed for laboratory zebrafish, and the genetic variability of wild-type lines among institutions may contribute to the

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de Vrieze E, Zethof J, Schulte-Merker S, Flik G, Metz JR (May 2015). "Identification of novel osteogenic compounds by an ex-vivo sp7:luciferase zebrafish scale assay".

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developed a new strain of zebrafish, named Casper, whose adult bodies had transparent skin. This allows for detailed visualization of cellular activity, circulation,

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sequence. Its length is 16,596 base pairs. This is within 100 base pairs of other related species of fish, and it is notably only 18 pairs longer than the goldfish (

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The zebrafish is native to freshwater habitats in South Asia where it is found in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Bhutan. The northern limit is in the South

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in biomedical research. Genetic differences in wild-type lines among populations maintained at different research institutions have been demonstrated using both

7068:"Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Paracetamol Uptake and Clearance in Zebrafish Larvae: Expanding the Allometric Scale in Vertebrates with Five Orders of Magnitude" 8390: 532:-shaped, with gold stripes between the blue stripes; the female has a larger, whitish belly and silver stripes instead of gold. Adult females exhibit a small 5949: 2729: 2218:

The development of a single zebrafish retina captured on a light sheet microscope approx. every 12 hours from 1.5 days to 3.5 days after birth of the embryo

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cord and sensory organs. Researchers have also studied the zebrafish to gain new insights into the complexities of human musculoskeletal diseases, such as

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highest known zebrafish locations at 1,576 m (5,171 ft) above sea level, although the species has been recorded to 1,795 m (5,889 ft).

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Kalueff AV, Stewart AM, Kyzar EJ, Cachat J, Gebhardt M, Landsman S, et al. (International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC)) (2012).

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Gerhard GS, Kauffman EJ, Wang X, Stewart R, Moore JL, Kasales CJ, et al. (2002). "Life spans and senescent phenotypes in two strains of Zebrafish (

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Spence R, Fatema MK, Reichard M, Huq KA, Wahab MA, Ahmed ZF, Smith C (2006). "The distribution and habitat preferences of the zebrafish in Bangladesh".

1061:(commonly referred to as the Tübingen/Boston screens). The fish has a dedicated online database of genetic, genomic, and developmental information, the 774:

forms of both the zebra and leopard pattern, along with long-finned strains, have been obtained via selective breeding programs for the aquarium trade.

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started the zebrafish genome sequencing project in 2001, and the full genome sequence of the Tuebingen reference strain is publicly available at the

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mycobacteria. Furthermore, robotic technology has been developed for high-throughput antimicrobial drug screening using zebrafish infection models.

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Kocher TD, Jeffery WR, Parichy DM, Peichel CL, Streelman JT, Thorgaard GH (2005). "Fish models for studying adaptive evolution and speciation".

7426:"Alpha-1 adrenergic signaling drives cardiac regeneration via extracellular matrix remodeling transcriptional program in zebrafish macrophages" 5119:

Crim MJ, Lawrence C (January 2021). "A fish is not a mouse: understanding differences in background genetics is critical for reproducibility".

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Dahm, Ralf; Geisler, Robert (2006-04-25). "Learning from Small Fry: The Zebrafish as a Genetic Model Organism for Aquaculture Fish Species".

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in the retina. These could be injected into the eye to treat diseases that damage retinal neurons—nearly every disease of the eye, including

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is a popular approach to study the function of genes in zebrafish. Construction of transgenic zebrafish is rather easy by a method using the

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rescued the normal exploratory behavior. This demonstrates relationships between glucocorticoids, fluoxetine, and exploration in this fish.

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Ziv, L.; Muto, A.; Schoonheim, P. J.; Meijsing, S. H.; Strasser, D.; Ingraham, H. A.; Schaaf, M. J. M.; Yamamoto, K. R.; Baier, H. (2012).

6648: 6147: 4980:"Neuron-glia interaction through Serotonin-BDNF-NGFR axis enables regenerative neurogenesis in Alzheimer's model of adult zebrafish brain" 3737: 621:. Sex determination of common laboratory strains was shown to be a complex genetic trait, rather than to follow a simple ZW or XY system. 7985:

Levraud JP, Palha N, Langevin C, Boudinot P (September 2014). "Through the looking glass: witnessing host-virus interplay in zebrafish".

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Engeszer RE, Patterson LB, Rao AA, Parichy DM (2007). "Zebrafish in the wild: a review of natural history and new notes from the field".

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diffusion between cells. Guidelines for using Morpholinos in zebrafish describe appropriate control strategies. Morpholinos are commonly

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to California, Connecticut, Florida and New Mexico in the United States, presumably by deliberate release by aquarists or by escape from

7524: 5556: 3059: 1700:. This strain can be adapted to 37 °C (99 °F) warm water and the absence of an immune system makes the use of patient derived 9370: 4107: 3861: 3266:

Hamilton TJ, Myggland A, Duperreault E, May Z, Gallup J, Powell RA, et al. (November 2016). "Episodic-like memory in zebrafish".

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were among the earliest successful vertebrate clones created. Its importance has been consolidated by successful large-scale forward

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Naiche, L.A.; Harrelson, Zachary; Kelly, Robert G.; Papaioannou, Virginia E. (2005-12-01). "T-Box Genes in Vertebrate Development".

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Kimmel CB, Law RD (March 1985). "Cell lineage of zebrafish blastomeres. I. Cleavage pattern and cytoplasmic bridges between cells".

4448: 4390:"Increased muscle stress-sensitivity induced by selenoprotein N inactivation in mouse: a mammalian model for SEPN1-related myopathy" 9875: 9720: 5321:

Kimmel CB, Law RD (March 1985). "Cell lineage of zebrafish blastomeres. III. Clonal analyses of the blastula and gastrula stages".

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element which encodes a gene for a fully functional transposase capable of catalyzing transposition in the zebrafish germ lineage.

9901: 9759: 3711: 4790:"Activation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling stimulates proliferation in neuromasts in the zebrafish posterior lateral line" 3014: 10000: 9048: 6420:"Teleost microbiomes: the state of the art in their characterization, manipulation and importance in aquaculture and fisheries" 1536: 5231:

Coe TS, Hamilton PB, Griffiths AM, Hodgson DJ, Wahab MA, Tyler CR (January 2009). "Genetic variation in strains of zebrafish (

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in 500pL directly into 1–2 cell stage zebrafish embryos. The morpholino is able to integrate into most cells of the embryo.

9980: 9344: 8351:"MIO-M1 cells and similar muller glial cell lines derived from adult human retina exhibit neural stem cell characteristics" 3840: 3100: 9357: 2289:(DMD). The Machuca-Tzili and co-workers applied zebrafish to determine the role of alternative splicing factor, MBNL, in 2237:

This study of the zebrafish's retinal characteristics has also extrapolated into medical enquiry. In 2007, researchers at

9260: 7117:"Outside-In Systems Pharmacology Combines Innovative Computational Methods With High-Throughput Whole Vertebrate Studies" 6110:

Vejnar, Charles E.; Moreno-Mateos, Miguel A.; Cifuentes, Daniel; Bazzini, Ariel A.; Giraldez, Antonio J. (October 2016).

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Selman K, Wallace RA, Sarka A, Qi X (November 1993). "Stages of oocyte development in the zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio".

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have, in recent years, proven to be a useful model for assessing environmental pollutants that might cause DNA damage.

1642: 9304: 8759:"Zebrafish as an Emerging Model for Osteoporosis: A Primary Testing Platform for Screening New Osteo-Active Compounds" 6803:"High-Throughput Video Processing of Heart Rate Responses in Multiple Wild-type Embryonic Zebrafish per Imaging Field" 2861: 9995: 9975: 7624: 3131:

Spence R, Gerlach G, Lawrence C, Smith C (February 2008). "The behaviour and ecology of the zebrafish, Danio rerio".

9914: 9821: 8400: 6521: 4331:"Selenoprotein N is required for ryanodine receptor calcium release channel activity in human and zebrafish muscle" 1986: 1761: 4007:

Dubińska-Magiera M, Daczewska M, Lewicka A, Migocka-Patrzałek M, Niedbalska-Tarnowska J, Jagla K (November 2016).

9960: 9800: 7938:"Macrophage-pathogen interactions in infectious diseases: new therapeutic insights from the zebrafish host model" 5941: 3067: 2721: 2143:

In another study, an effort was made to therapeutically target the genetic program present in the tumor's origin

1808: 1408: 778: 1305: 4890:"Mechanisms of Pathology-Induced Neural Stem Cell Plasticity and Neural Regeneration in Adult Zebrafish Brain" 9932: 9453: 4831:"Dynamic gene expression by putative hair-cell progenitors during regeneration in the zebrafish lateral line" 3315: 1673: 1062: 798: 376: 5751:

Schier, Alexander F.; Talbot, William S. (2005-12-01). "Molecular Genetics of Axis Formation in Zebrafish".

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neurons following injury, which has been shown to be mediated by the dedifferentiation and proliferation of

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of six or more, and interact well with other fish species in the aquarium. However, they are susceptible to

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techniques to be used, and the fact that its two-celled embryo can be fused into a single cell to create a

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Stages of zebrafish development. Photos to scale except adult, which is about 2.5 cm (1 in) long.

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the dorsal and ventral tail fins and analyze their regrowth to test for mutations. It has been found that

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Other advantages include the species' nearly constant size during early development, which enables simple

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mechanism involved in this process was identified in a 2023 study. Zebrafish is also used as a model for

2162: 1427: 1065:(ZFIN). The Zebrafish International Resource Center (ZIRC) is a genetic resource repository with 29,250 786: 723:

The zebra danio was also used to make genetically modified fish and were the first species to be sold as

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Whiteley AR, Bhat A, Martins EP, Mayden RL, Arunachalam M, Uusi-Heikkilä S, et al. (October 2011).

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during their larval stages. The cardiac regenerative process likely involves signaling pathways such as

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Bhattarai P, Cosacak MI, Mashkaryan V, Demir S, Popova SD, Govindarajan N, et al. (January 2020).

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They can range from a few centimeters to a few inches, and provide movement in a freshwater fish tank.

20: 9919: 9826: 8251:

Veneman WJ, Marín-Juez R, de Sonneville J, Ordas A, Jong-Raadsen S, Meijer AH, Spaink HP (June 2014).

6014:"Tol2 transposon-mediated enhancer trap to identify developmentally regulated zebrafish genes in vivo" 2960: 462:(lower Ganges basin) of India. Its range further south is more local, with scattered records from the 9516: 9498: 9286: 7603:. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 946. Springer New York. pp. 253–275. 7231:"The histone methyltransferase SETDB1 is recurrently amplified in melanoma and accelerates its onset" 6424: 5807: 5753: 2238: 2091: 740: 210: 7550:

Le Guyader D, Redd MJ, Colucci-Guyon E, Murayama E, Kissa K, Briolat V, et al. (January 2008).

3862:"In Memory of George Streisinger, "Founding Father" of Zebrafish Developmental and Genetic Research" 3403:

Aleström P, D'Angelo L, Midtlyng PJ, Schorderet DF, Schulte-Merker S, Sohm F, Warner S (June 2020).

1391:, a number of commercially available global platforms exist for analysis of both gene expression by 9511: 9446: 7229:

Ceol CJ, Houvras Y, Jane-Valbuena J, Bilodeau S, Orlando DA, Battisti V, et al. (March 2011).

4559: 2513: 2429: 2346: 2125: 2095: 1269: 1244: 1212: 368: 6801:

Martin WK, Tennant AH, Conolly RB, Prince K, Stevens JS, DeMarini DM, et al. (January 2019).

6418:

Llewellyn, Martin S.; Boutin, Sébastien; Hoseinifar, Seyed Hossein; Derome, Nicolas (2014-06-02).

5973:"A transposon-mediated gene trap approach identifies developmentally regulated genes in zebrafish" 1944:

consistently proves to be a useful model for mammals in many cases and there is dramatically more

88: 10015: 9555: 8563:"The expanding phenotype of laminin alpha2 chain (merosin) abnormalities: case series and review" 8416:"Diagnosis and cell-based therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy in humans, mice, and zebrafish" 7343: 7199: 4727: 4563: 2311: 2174: 1982: 1961: 1926: 1196: 1180: 1141: 9102: 6860:"Automated Morphological Feature Assessment for Zebrafish Embryo Developmental Toxicity Screens" 6358:

Bickley LK, Brown AR, Hosken DJ, Hamilton PB, Le Page G, Paull GC, et al. (February 2013).

6111: 4138:"Model organisms in the fight against muscular dystrophy: lessons from drosophila and Zebrafish" 2023:

discovery programmes. Zebrafish embryos have proven to be a rapid, cost-efficient, and reliable

10010: 9985: 9893: 9787: 9751: 9595: 9548: 8020:

Ramakrishnan L (2013). "Looking within the Zebrafish to Understand the Tuberculous Granuloma".

7066:

Kantae V, Krekels EH, Ordas A, González O, van Wijk RC, Harms AC, et al. (December 2016).

4329:

Jurynec MJ, Xia R, Mackrill JJ, Gunther D, Crawford T, Flanigan KM, et al. (August 2008).

3733: 1895: 1451: 1169: 693: 641: 576:

consistent with looming objects by Temizer et al. 2015, Dunn et al. 2016, and Yao et al. 2016.

533: 372: 9420: 8200:

Spaink HP, Cui C, Wiweger MI, Jansen HJ, Veneman WJ, Marín-Juez R, et al. (August 2013).

7656:

Meeker ND, Trede NS (2008). "Immunology and zebrafish: spawning new models of human disease".

4388:

Rederstorff M, Castets P, Arbogast S, Lainé J, Vassilopoulos S, Beuvin M, et al. (2011).

3071: 1548:. (In Bruce et al. 2003 they failed to support the possibility that Eomesodermin behaves like 1136:

As a model biological system, the zebrafish possesses numerous advantages for scientists. Its

9813: 9633: 9075: 9068: 7528: 7286:

White RM, Cech J, Ratanasirintrawoot S, Lin CY, Rahl PB, Burke CJ, et al. (March 2011).

5552: 1800: 1654: 1483: 1184: 1117: 1109: 1085: 352: 193: 9777: 9367: 8561:

Jones KJ, Morgan G, Johnston H, Tobias V, Ouvrier RA, Wilkinson I, North KN (October 2001).

8463:

Machuca-Tzili LE, Buxton S, Thorpe A, Timson CM, Wigmore P, Luther PK, Brook JD (May 2011).

8349:

Lawrence JM, Singhal S, Bhatia B, Keegan DJ, Reh TA, Luthert PJ, et al. (August 2007).

5629:

Howe K, Clark MD, Torroja CF, Torrance J, Berthelot C, Muffato M, et al. (April 2013).

4456: 747:

became commercially available in the United States. The fluorescent strains are trade-named

9681: 9642: 9534: 7299: 7242: 6814: 6704: 6525: 6371: 6070: 5898: 5824: 5770: 5642: 5356:

Stainier DY, Raz E, Lawson ND, Ekker SC, Burdine RD, Eisen JS, et al. (October 2017).

5244: 5187: 4842: 4673: 4401: 4342: 4293: 3963: 3904: 3869: 3865: 3758:

Watanabe M, Iwashita M, Ishii M, Kurachi Y, Kawakami A, Kondo S, Okada N (September 2006).

3599: 3193: 2469: 2250: 2075: 1913: 1587: 1541: 1519: 1392: 1050: 975: 637: 4457: 3893:"Identifying tumor cell growth inhibitors by combinatorial chemistry and zebrafish assays" 1739:. These genes have the DNA base pairs AC and TG as repeated sequences at the ends of each 1144:, and it has well-understood, easily observable and testable developmental behaviors. Its 8: 9562: 9541: 9432: 7424:

Apaydin, Onur; Altaikyzy, Akerke; Filosa, Alessandro; Sawamiphak, Suphansa (2023-11-20).

7177: 7115:

Schulthess P, van Wijk RC, Krekels EH, Yates JW, Spaink HP, van der Graaf PH (May 2018).

4526:"An Evolving Role for Notch Signaling in Heart Regeneration of the Zebrafish Danio rerio" 4009:"Zebrafish: A Model for the Study of Toxicants Affecting Muscle Development and Function" 1854: 1701: 1689: 1661: 1416: 1333: 1235: 1219: 1125: 1043: 53: 8202:"Robotic injection of zebrafish embryos for high-throughput screening in disease models" 7303: 7246: 6818: 6665: 6586:) as a model organism, with emphasis on applications for finfish aquaculture research". 6529: 6375: 6217:

Lin CL, Taggart AJ, Lim KH, Cygan KJ, Ferraris L, Creton R, et al. (January 2016).

5902: 5646: 5248: 5191: 4937:

Cosacak MI, Bhattarai P, Reinhardt S, Petzold A, Dahl A, Zhang Y, Kizil C (April 2019).

4846: 4677: 4405: 4346: 4297: 3967: 3908: 3760:"Spot pattern of leopard Danio is caused by mutation in the zebrafish connexin41.8 gene" 3603: 3329: 3310: 3197: 2473: 9426: 9240: 9143: 9040: 8988: 8961: 8937: 8910: 8833: 8785: 8758: 8731: 8704: 8685: 8636: 8611: 8587: 8562: 8538: 8513: 8489: 8464: 8440: 8415: 8326: 8301: 8277: 8252: 8177: 8152: 8128: 8103: 7962: 7937: 7862: 7841: 7817: 7790: 7766: 7741: 7717: 7692: 7638: 7581: 7506: 7463: 7401: 7374: 7320: 7287: 7263: 7230: 7141: 7116: 7092: 7067: 7045: 6994: 6969: 6884: 6859: 6835: 6802: 6755: 6742: 6699: 6685: 6646:(2015). "Addressing the Genetics of Human Mental Health Disorders in Model Organisms". 6617: 6557: 6473: 6460: 6419: 6392: 6359: 6340: 6292: 6267: 6243: 6218: 6194: 6170:"Visualizing Engrafted Human Cancer and Therapy Responses in Immunodeficient Zebrafish" 6169: 6092: 5922: 5663: 5630: 5503:

Tan PK, Downey TJ, Spitznagel EL, Xu P, Fu D, Dimitrov DS, et al. (October 2003).

5480: 5453: 5429: 5408: 5384: 5357: 5268: 5208: 5171: 5152: 5055: 5030: 5006: 4979: 4914: 4889: 4865: 4830: 4704: 4691: 4661: 4637: 4612: 4501: 4476: 4424: 4389: 4365: 4330: 4257: 4230: 4164: 4137: 4084: 4059: 4035: 4008: 3984: 3951: 3927: 3892: 3784: 3759: 3623: 3491: 3478: 3453: 3429: 3404: 3385: 3342: 3291: 3248: 3166: 2942: 2781: 2752: 2695: 2670: 2620: 2595: 2490: 2453: 2367: 2315: 2290: 2274: 1301: 1277: 1121: 1046: 480: 476:. Likewise, old records from Sri Lanka are highly questionable and remain unconfirmed. 219: 83: 9183: 9156: 5719: 5690: 5529: 5504: 3703: 3236: 2669:

White RM, Sessa A, Burke C, Bowman T, LeBlanc J, Ceol C, et al. (February 2008).

1284:, a biological signal that underlies a number of human cancers, controls cell growth. 9862: 9808: 9668: 9522: 9209: 9188: 9135: 9079: 8993: 8942: 8878: 8825: 8790: 8736: 8677: 8641: 8592: 8543: 8494: 8445: 8372: 8331: 8282: 8233: 8182: 8133: 8084: 8043: 8033: 8002: 7967: 7918: 7867: 7840:

Benard EL, van der Sar AM, Ellett F, Lieschke GJ, Spaink HP, Meijer AH (March 2012).

7822: 7771: 7722: 7673: 7630: 7620: 7573: 7498: 7467: 7455: 7447: 7406: 7325: 7268: 7181: 7146: 7097: 7037: 6999: 6950: 6889: 6840: 6747: 6729: 6677: 6669: 6609: 6549: 6541: 6465: 6447: 6397: 6383: 6332: 6297: 6248: 6199: 6139: 6131: 6084: 6035: 5994: 5914: 5871: 5836: 5828: 5782: 5774: 5724: 5668: 5534: 5485: 5434: 5389: 5338: 5334: 5303: 5299: 5260: 5213: 5199: 5156: 5144: 5136: 5101: 5060: 5011: 4960: 4919: 4870: 4811: 4709: 4642: 4525: 4506: 4429: 4370: 4311: 4262: 4169: 4089: 4040: 3989: 3932: 3812: 3789: 3685: 3680: 3663: 3615: 3571: 3483: 3434: 3377: 3334: 3283: 3240: 3205: 3158: 3144: 3010: 2934: 2834: 2786: 2700: 2625: 2495: 2481: 2406: 2121: 1907: 1883: 1459: 630: 455: 447: 422: 9647: 9438: 9244: 9147: 9017: 8837: 8689: 8300:

Allison WT, Barthel LK, Skebo KM, Takechi M, Kawamura S, Raymond PA (October 2010).

7887:"Real-time imaging and genetic dissection of host-microbe interactions in zebrafish" 7510: 6759: 6689: 6621: 6561: 6477: 6315:

Charlesworth D, Willis JH (November 2009). "The genetics of inbreeding depression".

6096: 5272: 3627: 3495: 3389: 3346: 3252: 3170: 2946: 2234:

fish, are particularly noted for having extreme precision of cone cell arrangement.

9867: 9853: 9673: 9578: 9388: 9230: 9178: 9168: 9127: 9032: 8983: 8973: 8932: 8922: 8868: 8860: 8817: 8780: 8770: 8726: 8716: 8669: 8631: 8623: 8582: 8574: 8533: 8525: 8484: 8476: 8465:"Zebrafish deficient for Muscleblind-like 2 exhibit features of myotonic dystrophy" 8435: 8427: 8362: 8321: 8313: 8272: 8264: 8223: 8213: 8172: 8164: 8123: 8115: 8074: 8025: 7994: 7957: 7949: 7908: 7898: 7857: 7849: 7812: 7802: 7761: 7753: 7712: 7704: 7665: 7642: 7612: 7604: 7585: 7563: 7490: 7437: 7396: 7386: 7315: 7307: 7258: 7250: 7173: 7136: 7128: 7087: 7079: 7049: 7029: 6989: 6981: 6942: 6879: 6871: 6830: 6822: 6737: 6721: 6713: 6661: 6601: 6597: 6533: 6455: 6437: 6387: 6379: 6324: 6287: 6279: 6238: 6230: 6189: 6181: 6123: 6074: 6025: 5984: 5926: 5906: 5863: 5820: 5766: 5714: 5706: 5658: 5650: 5524: 5516: 5475: 5465: 5424: 5416: 5379: 5369: 5330: 5295: 5252: 5203: 5195: 5128: 5091: 5050: 5042: 5001: 4991: 4950: 4909: 4901: 4860: 4850: 4801: 4699: 4681: 4632: 4628: 4624: 4496: 4488: 4419: 4409: 4360: 4350: 4301: 4252: 4242: 4200: 4159: 4149: 4079: 4071: 4030: 4020: 3979: 3971: 3922: 3912: 3779: 3771: 3675: 3607: 3561: 3473: 3465: 3424: 3416: 3369: 3324: 3295: 3275: 3232: 3201: 3148: 3140: 2926: 2824: 2776: 2768: 2690: 2682: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2596:"Fgf-dependent glial cell bridges facilitate spinal cord regeneration in zebrafish" 2571: 2561: 2485: 2477: 2424: 2222:

Another notable characteristic of the zebrafish is that it possesses four types of

1945: 1725: 1708: 1376: 1325: 1074: 496: 411: 364: 311: 8705:"Zebrafish Models of Human Skeletal Disorders: Embryo and Adult Swimming Together" 6344: 5631:"The zebrafish reference genome sequence and its relationship to the human genome" 3891:

Xiang J, Yang H, Che C, Zou H, Yang H, Wei Y, et al. (2009). Isalan M (ed.).

584: 9415: 9393: 9374: 9361: 9308: 9290: 9173: 8627: 8612:"Recent advances using zebrafish animal models for muscle disease drug discovery" 8029: 8024:. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 783. pp. 251–66. 7608: 7568: 7551: 7442: 7425: 6858:

Teixidó E, Kießling TR, Krupp E, Quevedo C, Muriana A, Scholz S (February 2019).

6700:"An affective disorder in zebrafish with mutation of the glucocorticoid receptor" 6433: 5989: 5972: 5971:

Kawakami K, Takeda H, Kawakami N, Kobayashi M, Matsuda N, Mishina M (July 2004).

5695:) mitochondrial genome and evolutionary patterns in vertebrate mitochondrial DNA" 5609: 5584: 5505:"Evaluation of gene expression measurements from commercial microarray platforms" 5374: 4996: 4955: 4938: 4414: 4247: 4006: 3917: 3642: 3611: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2058: 2054: 2041: 1901: 1889: 1372: 1356: 1344: 767: 751:; other cultivated varieties include "golden", "sandy", "longfin" and "leopard". 593: 550: 319: 307: 8367: 8350: 8218: 8201: 7791:"Pathogen recognition and activation of the innate immune response in zebrafish" 7481:

Drummond IA (February 2005). "Kidney development and disease in the zebrafish".

7375:"The zebrafish heart regenerates after cryoinjury-induced myocardial infarction" 7020:

MacRae CA, Peterson RT (October 2015). "Zebrafish as tools for drug discovery".

6168:

Yan C, Brunson DC, Tang Q, Do D, Iftimia NA, Moore JC, et al. (June 2019).

4075: 3832: 2566: 2549: 2370:

or medaka, another fish used for genetic, developmental, and biomedical research

2112:

Zebrafish have been used to make several transgenic models of cancer, including

1423: 1368: 805:) provides up-to-date information about current known wild-type (WT) strains of 9965: 9573: 9470: 9354: 9252: 8864: 8395: 8079: 8062: 7757: 6985: 6826: 6185: 5589: 5132: 4835:

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

4666:

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

4335:

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

2686: 2019: 1845:

distance from the most common aquaculture species. Because the most common are

1646: 1361: 1329: 1309: 1297: 1058: 1031: 771: 573: 348: 130: 9235: 9222: 9036: 8978: 8821: 8431: 8168: 7998: 7669: 6537: 5256: 5046: 4905: 4555: 4154: 3975: 3279: 2594:

Goldshmit Y, Sztal TE, Jusuf PR, Hall TE, Nguyen-Chi M, Currie PD (May 2012).

1804: 1355:

as DNA or RNA; by binding to complementary RNA sequences, they can reduce the

1191:

and their associated cardiac cilia by way of the mechanosensitive ion channel

9949: 9772: 9618: 8927: 8775: 7451: 7288:"DHODH modulates transcriptional elongation in the neural crest and melanoma" 6733: 6673: 6613: 6545: 6451: 6442: 6135: 5832: 5778: 5140: 3775: 3420: 3096: 2415: 1932: 1917:) – are less used normally but would be closer to particular target species. 1878: 1828: 1824: 1367:

A known problem with gene knockdowns is that, because the genome underwent a

1348: 1265: 1145: 992: 712: 703: 661: 618: 610: 565: 561: 554: 472: 467: 463: 392: 334: 322: 140: 73: 68: 9338: 8962:"Age Bias in Zebrafish Models of Epilepsy: What Can We Learn From Old Fish?" 8512:

Todd PK, Ackall FY, Hur J, Sharma K, Paulson HL, Dowling JJ (January 2014).

7693:"A model 450 million years in the making: zebrafish and vertebrate immunity" 7552:"Origins and unconventional behavior of neutrophils in developing zebrafish" 7391: 6875: 5910: 5867: 4855: 4686: 4355: 3952:"Zebrafish: A marvel of high-throughput biology for 21st century toxicology" 3566: 3549: 3373: 2772: 2671:"Transparent adult zebrafish as a tool for in vivo transplantation analysis" 2214: 1751:

alternate and repeat, and on the 5'ss (5' splicing site), their complements

541:

extended to over five years. In the wild it is typically an annual species.

525: 9485: 9301: 9192: 9139: 9131: 8997: 8946: 8882: 8829: 8794: 8740: 8721: 8681: 8645: 8596: 8547: 8498: 8449: 8376: 8335: 8286: 8237: 8228: 8186: 8137: 8088: 8047: 8006: 7971: 7922: 7871: 7826: 7775: 7726: 7677: 7634: 7577: 7502: 7494: 7459: 7410: 7329: 7272: 7185: 7150: 7101: 7041: 7003: 6954: 6932: 6893: 6844: 6751: 6681: 6553: 6469: 6401: 6336: 6301: 6252: 6203: 6143: 6127: 6088: 6039: 5998: 5918: 5875: 5840: 5786: 5728: 5672: 5538: 5489: 5438: 5393: 5264: 5217: 5148: 5105: 5064: 5015: 4964: 4923: 4874: 4815: 4757:"Study Reveals Secret of Zebrafish | Biochemistry | Sci-News.com" 4713: 4646: 4510: 4433: 4374: 4315: 4266: 4173: 4093: 4044: 3993: 3936: 3793: 3689: 3619: 3575: 3487: 3438: 3381: 3338: 3287: 3244: 3162: 2938: 2853: 2838: 2829: 2812: 2790: 2704: 2629: 2548:

Van Wijk RC, Krekels EH, Hankemeier T, Spaink HP, Van der Graaf PH (2017).

2499: 2378: 2307: 2186: 2170: 2144: 2037: 1820: 1736: 1531: 1396: 1320:

Due to their fast and short life cycles and relatively large clutch sizes,

1260: 1173: 1105: 1011:. A wild-type embryo (top) is shown for comparison. The mutant lacks black 676: 569: 504: 484: 8578: 7807: 7083: 6234: 5470: 5342: 5307: 3469: 3452:

Bradley K, Breyer P, Melville D, Broman K, Knapik E, Smith JR (Jun 2011).

2930: 1799:

When close relatives mate, progeny may exhibit the detrimental effects of

754: 668:, although they can eat a variety of other foods, such as worms and small 9733: 9627: 9505: 9380: 5520: 5096: 5080:"The zebrafish as a model for muscular dystrophy and congenital myopathy" 5079: 4025: 2262: 2227: 2166: 2063: 1965: 1874: 1784: 1680:

and many other phenomena. In 2019 researchers published a crossing of a

1280:. Another focus of zebrafish research is to understand how a gene called 1248: 1227: 1188: 1008: 657: 397: 338: 9044: 7913: 7311: 7254: 6935:

Birth Defects Research Part B: Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology

5654: 4695: 4204: 1606:

production, and confirmed its function with a Morpholino knockdown. The

9880: 9725: 9712: 9213: 8873: 8529: 8480: 8119: 7953: 7842:"Infection of zebrafish embryos with intracellular bacterial pathogens" 7708: 7616: 7373:

Chablais, Fabian; Veit, Julia; Rainer, Gregor; Jaźwińska, Anna (2011).

7132: 6946: 6725: 6643: 6079: 6054: 6030: 6013: 4806: 4789: 4492: 3588: 3040:, a new species of cyprinid species from Myitkyina, northern Myanmar". 2266:

team stated that they intended to develop the same approach in humans.

1990: 1969: 1937: 1788: 1677: 1660:

There are well-established protocols for editing zebrafish genes using

1607: 1594:

strain identified the gene responsible for its unusual pigmentation as

1527: 1492: 1475: 1379:, it is not always easy to silence the activity of one of the two gene 1352: 1337: 1252: 1156: 1097: 1093: 1042:

function. Its use as a laboratory animal was pioneered by the American

1035: 1016: 996: 736: 680: 669: 653: 640:(DINP), commonly used in a large variety of plastic items, disrupt the 528:

and laterally compressed, with its mouth directed upwards. The male is

521: 500: 459: 406: 402: 380: 360: 345: 315: 150: 8673: 8317: 7903: 7886: 7742:"Host-pathogen interactions made transparent with the zebrafish model" 6605: 5710: 4135: 4131: 4129: 3454:"A SNP-Based Linkage Map for Zebrafish Reveals Sex Determination Loci" 3402: 3153: 2576: 1419:. The zebrafish reference genome sequence is annotated as part of the 781:(CZRC), a non-profit organization, which was jointly supported by the 777:

Various transgenic and mutant strains of zebrafish were stored at the

9738: 9694: 4449:"Research Offers Clue Into How Hearts Can Regenerate in Some Species" 3550:"Zebrafish as a model vertebrate for investigating chemical toxicity" 2242: 2223: 2133: 2024: 1862: 1842: 1712: 1688:

strain that produced transparent, immunodeficient offspring, lacking

1664:

and this tool has been used to generate genetically modified models.

1626: 1340: 1256: 1187:; hemodynamic changes in the damaged heart are sensed by ventricular 1176: 1113: 601: 439: 100: 9589: 7033: 6328: 6283: 4306: 4281: 1003: 9847: 9707: 9699: 9612: 9474: 8250: 8153:"Protection and pathology in TB: learning from the zebrafish model" 7549: 6109: 4136:

Plantié E, Migocka-Patrzałek M, Daczewska M, Jagla K (April 2015).

4126: 4060:"Zebrafish Heart Regeneration as a Model for Cardiac Tissue Repair" 3109: 2258: 2254: 2129: 2117: 2113: 2010: 1877:, zebrafish results may not be perfectly applicable. Various other 1870: 1858: 1846: 1769: 1748: 1576:

mutation was identified in the zebrafish ortholog of the mammalian

1561: 1557: 1553: 1507: 1231: 1208: 1152: 1101: 1089: 698: 605: 537: 356: 326: 160: 120: 8414:

Kunkel LM, Bachrach E, Bennett RR, Guyon J, Steffen L (May 2006).

8268: 7344:"Arthritis Drug Could Help Beat Melanoma Skin Cancer, Study Finds" 5454:"In vivo testing of microRNA-mediated gene knockdown in zebrafish" 4662:"A histone demethylase is necessary for regeneration in zebrafish" 1728:

discovered that 10% of zebrafish genes do not need to rely on the

9927: 9402: 9397: 9202:

The Zebrafish Book: A guide for the laboratory use of zebrafish (

8850: 8807: 7853: 6907: 5420: 3644:

The Zebrafish Book: A Guide for the Laboratory Use of Zebrafish (

2231: 1866: 1765: 1756: 1752: 1744: 1732: 1603: 1595: 1545: 1479: 1420: 1387:

by the other paralog. Despite the complications of the zebrafish

1380: 1240: 1066: 1020: 1012: 748: 724: 529: 417: 9408: 7423: 7228: 4936: 2550:"Systems pharmacology of hepatic metabolism in zebrafish larvae" 2128:. Zebrafish expressing mutated forms of either the BRAF or NRAS 499:

clear water of quite shallow depth in streams, canals, ditches,

446:

river basin in the Pakistan–India border region to the state of

9686: 8462: 7839: 6417: 6011: 5970: 5804: 4977: 4387: 3514:"Birds Do It, Bees Do It, Even Zebrafish Do It—Just Too Little" 2649: 2547: 2246: 1740: 1697: 1693: 1599: 1523: 1515: 1388: 1223: 1137: 549:

In 2015, a study was published about zebrafishes' capacity for

451: 443: 110: 7285: 7114: 6582:

Ribas, Laia; Piferrer, Francesc (2013-07-31). "The zebrafish (

6112:"Optimized CRISPR–Cas9 System for Genome Editing in Zebrafish" 6012:

Parinov S, Kondrichin I, Korzh V, Emelyanov A (October 2004).

5409:"Microinjection of zebrafish embryos to analyze gene function" 4477:"Sensory hair cell regeneration in the zebrafish lateral line" 3265: 2400: 2398: 2396: 2394: 2132:

develop melanoma when placed onto a p53 deficient background.

1831:

causing yield loss or spreading to adjacent wild populations.

1324:

or zebrafish are a useful model for genetic studies. A common

987: 9528: 5602: 4611:

Bernardos RL, Barthel LK, Meyers JR, Raymond PA (June 2007).

4610: 4556:"Mending Broken Hearts (2011) British Heart Foundation TV ad" 1729: 1503: 1192: 672:, if their preferred food sources are not readily available. 665: 170: 39: 8104:"Fit for consumption: zebrafish as a model for tuberculosis" 8063:"The zebrafish guide to tuberculosis immunity and treatment" 7984: 6268:"Functional and evolutionary implications of gene orthology" 5853: 4728:"Organ Regeneration In Zebrafish: Unraveling The Mechanisms" 3757: 2722:"Researchers Capture A Zebrafish's Thought Process On Video" 1653:. Dorsky et al. 2002 investigated the developmental role of 1482:-coding genes and a noncoding control region containing the 1007:

A zebrafish pigment mutant (bottom) produced by insertional

9117: 8348: 7372: 7200:"Zebrafish model of human melanoma reveals new cancer gene" 6857: 5452:

Leong IU, Lan CC, Skinner JR, Shelling AN, Love DR (2012).

5230: 4659: 4231:"Let sleeping zebrafish lie: a new model for sleep studies" 3547: 3451: 2916: 2391: 1921: 1582: 1552:. Neither they nor anyone else has been able to locate any 1487: 1467: 1200: 1039: 802: 9283: 8413: 8299: 7065: 6800: 6357: 4586:"British Heart Foundation – The science behind the appeal" 3704:"Zebrafish - Danio rerio - Details - Encyclopedia of Life" 3218: 3130: 1474:). Its gene order and content are identical to the common 644:

and thereby affect reproduction in a sex-specific manner.

9015: 8560: 7884: 7788: 6697: 5169: 4660:

Stewart S, Tsun ZY, Izpisua Belmonte JC (November 2009).

4328: 3548:

Hill AJ, Teraoka H, Heideman W, Peterson RE (July 2005).

3133:

Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society

2857: 2450: 2245:

found in the eyes of fish and mammals that develops into

1989:. To cope with such DNA damages, a variety of different 1850: 564:

integrate a wide array of sensory stimuli to produce the

9320: 9302:

European Society for Fish Models in Biology and Medicine

9208:(5th ed.). Eugene, OR: University of Oregon Press. 7935: 5628: 4787: 2454:"Population genomics of wild and laboratory zebrafish ( 1803:. Inbreeding depression is predominantly caused by the 1657:

by transgenically expressing a Lef1/β-catenin reporter.

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of the zebrafish which arose due to a pigment mutation.

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Liu S, Leach SD (2011). "Zebrafish models for cancer".

6413: 6411: 6219:"RNA structure replaces the need for U2AF2 in splicing" 5942:"Scientists Create See-Through Fish, Watch Cancer Grow" 5888: 5451: 5172:"Population genomics of wild and laboratory zebrafish ( 4828: 4282:"Lab animals: Standardize the diet for zebrafish model" 3183: 2593: 1556:

which – in the mother – will prevent initiation of the

636:

Exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of

508: 9223:"Targeted gene modification can rewrite zebrafish DNA" 8702: 8199: 7936:

Torraca V, Masud S, Spaink HP, Meijer AH (July 2014).

7885:

Meijer AH, van der Vaart M, Spaink HP (January 2014).

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Head JR, Gacioch L, Pennisi M, Meyers JR (July 2013).

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available for distribution to the research community.

9468: 8302:"Ontogeny of cone photoreceptor mosaics in zebrafish" 6633: 6631: 5746: 5744: 5742: 5740: 5738: 5502: 3949: 3734:"Longfin Leopard Danio Fish Care Guide - The Pet Max" 3664:"A call to fins! Zebrafish as a gerontological model" 2750: 2668: 2514:"Breeding Zebrafish (Zebra danios) - The fish doctor" 1586:

result in eye defects and loss of pigment, a type of

450:

in northeast India. Its range is concentrated in the

7525:"Investigating inflammatory disease using zebrafish" 6495: 6493: 6491: 6489: 6487: 6408: 6259: 6046: 5800: 5798: 5796: 4470: 4468: 3950:

Bugel SM, Tanguay RL, Planchart A (September 2014).

3359: 3302: 1486:

for the heavy strand. In between a grouping of five

1203:

and activating various downstream effectors such as

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Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology

6568: 5235:) and the implications for ecotoxicology studies". 4783: 4781: 2753:"Phylogeny of zebrafish, a "model species", within 2261:-related blindness. The researchers studied Müller 2009:FDA research used Zebrafish to show the effects of 325:. Native to India and South Asia, it is a popular 9067: 9018:"Time to recognize zebrafish "affective" behavior" 8756: 6628: 6518:Australia New Zealand Marine Biotechnology Society 6314: 6216: 5735: 4279: 4108:"Adult Stem Cell Research Avoids Ethical Concerns" 3405:"Zebrafish: Housing and husbandry recommendations" 3311:"Zebrafish Behavior: Opportunities and Challenges" 495:Zebrafish typically inhabit moderately flowing to 415:. Zebrafish are also closely related to the genus 9345:FishMap: The Zebrafish Community Genomics Browser 6967: 6484: 5793: 5688: 5406: 4465: 3308: 2646:"Fudan scientists turn fish into estrogen alerts" 2000: 1743:. On the 3'ss (3' splicing site), the base pairs 458:basins, and the species was first described from 9947: 8959: 8908: 8658: 8391:"Zebra fish may point way to cure for blindness" 6167: 5689:Broughton RE, Milam JE, Roe BA (November 2001). 4778: 3005: 3003: 2883: 2881: 2879: 2813:"Evolution of danio pigment pattern development" 2652:. January 12, 2007. Retrieved November 15, 2012. 2296: 1834:This usefulness is less than it might be due to 1053:in the 1970s and 1980s; Streisinger's zebrafish 675:In research, adult zebrafish are often fed with 9074:. Edison, New Jersey: Chartwell Books. p. 8960:Cho SJ, Park E, Baker A, Reid AY (2020-09-10). 8911:"Zebrafish as a Model for Obesity and Diabetes" 7121:CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology 7108: 4588:. Bhf.org.uk. February 16, 2007. Archived from 3890: 3634: 3507: 3505: 2912: 2910: 2908: 2906: 2904: 2902: 2887: 1614:mutation have since been bred with fish with a 8909:Zang L, Maddison LA, Chen W (20 August 2018). 7789:van der Vaart M, Spaink HP, Meijer AH (2012). 7061: 7059: 7019: 6265: 6052: 5684: 5682: 4474: 4280:Penglase S, Moren M, Hamre K (November 2012). 2984: 2982: 2806: 2804: 2802: 2800: 2430:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T166487A6219667.en 2404: 2345:Zebrafish have been used as a model system in 2285:) mutant is the zebrafish orthologue of human 2069: 2047: 1819:Zebrafish are common models for research into 344:The zebrafish is an important and widely used 9454: 9349:Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology 7598: 7483:Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 6581: 5939: 5614:Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology 5407:Rosen JN, Sweeney MF, Mably JD (March 2009). 5077: 3052: 3000: 2876: 2543: 2541: 2539: 1993:pathways are expressed during development. 1435:Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology 1413:National Center for Biotechnology Information 1218:Zebrafish have also been found to regenerate 969:species may be fertile: for example, between 9389:Sanger Institute Zebrafish Mutation Resource 9253:"A Point Of View: Fly, Fish, Mouse and Worm" 8060: 8022:The New Paradigm of Immunity to Tuberculosis 8019: 7739: 7690: 6649:Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics 6641: 6351: 6308: 5750: 5358:"Guidelines for morpholino use in zebrafish" 5118: 5028: 3661: 3543: 3541: 3539: 3502: 3445: 2899: 2751:McCluskey BM, Postlethwait JH (March 2015). 1530:they find the T-box transcription activator 600:is three months. A male must be present for 9321:The Zebrafish International Resource Center 9199: 8966:Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 8915:Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 8101: 7655: 7056: 6968:Rennekamp AJ, Peterson RT (February 2015). 6499: 5679: 5624: 5622: 5593:. July 5, 2009. Retrieved February 5, 2013. 4013:International Journal of Molecular Sciences 3640: 3177: 3091: 3089: 2991:The behavior and ecology of the zebrafish, 2979: 2797: 2641: 2639: 2589: 2587: 2340: 2209: 1936:) which are quite close, both being in the 1667: 783:Ministry of Science and Technology of China 9461: 9447: 9284:British Association of Zebrafish Husbandry 6970:"15 years of zebrafish chemical screening" 6776: 6774: 6772: 5458:Journal of Biomedicine & Biotechnology 5035:Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports 3854: 2988: 2536: 1787:, all of which cluster closely with other 1580:transcription factor. Mutations in human 1478:form of mitochondrial DNA. It contains 13 62: 38: 9355:WebHome Zebrafish GenomeWiki Beta Preview 9234: 9220: 9182: 9172: 8987: 8977: 8936: 8926: 8872: 8784: 8774: 8730: 8720: 8703:Carnovali M, Banfi G, Mariotti M (2019). 8635: 8586: 8537: 8488: 8439: 8366: 8325: 8276: 8227: 8217: 8176: 8127: 8078: 7961: 7912: 7902: 7861: 7816: 7806: 7765: 7716: 7567: 7441: 7400: 7390: 7319: 7262: 7140: 7091: 6993: 6883: 6834: 6741: 6514:Japanese Society for Marine Biotechnology 6510:European Society for Marine Biotechnology 6459: 6441: 6391: 6291: 6242: 6193: 6078: 6029: 5988: 5718: 5691:"The complete sequence of the zebrafish ( 5662: 5528: 5479: 5469: 5428: 5383: 5373: 5320: 5285: 5207: 5095: 5054: 5031:"Modeling neurodegeneration in zebrafish" 5005: 4995: 4971: 4954: 4913: 4864: 4854: 4805: 4761:Breaking Science News | Sci-News.com 4703: 4685: 4636: 4500: 4423: 4413: 4364: 4354: 4305: 4256: 4246: 4163: 4153: 4083: 4057: 4034: 4024: 3983: 3926: 3916: 3783: 3679: 3565: 3536: 3477: 3428: 3328: 3152: 3042:Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters 2828: 2780: 2716: 2714: 2694: 2619: 2575: 2565: 2489: 2428: 2155: 1711:genetically modified zebrafish to detect 1602:carrier that appeared to be required for 1498: 568:. Those stimuli are found to include the 9154: 8904: 8902: 8900: 8898: 8896: 8894: 8892: 7658:Developmental and Comparative Immunology 7480: 7163: 6210: 5619: 3833:"ZFIN: Wild-Type Lines: Summary Listing" 3309:Orger MB, de Polavieja GG (2017-07-25). 3086: 3029: 2890:Behavior and morphogy of the zebrafish, 2854:"Coldwater fish and fisheries in Bhutan" 2851: 2845: 2636: 2584: 2374:List of freshwater aquarium fish species 2213: 2066:has been developed in zebrafish larvae. 2004: 1794: 1707:In January 2007, Chinese researchers at 1564:development processes in this species.) 1131: 1002: 986: 753: 583: 10006:Taxa named by Francis Buchanan-Hamilton 9339:The Zebrafish Genome Sequencing Project 9065: 8757:Bergen DJ, Kague E, Hammond CL (2019). 6769: 4930: 3511: 3126: 3124: 3122: 3120: 3095: 2810: 2744: 2269: 1940:. However it should also be noted that 1814: 762:The leopard danio, previously known as 329:, frequently sold under the trade name 9948: 9405:– using zebrafish for medical research 9341:at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute 9327:The European Zebrafish Resource Center 8752: 8750: 8150: 7015: 7013: 6914:from the original on November 12, 2020 5825:10.1146/annurev.genet.39.073003.105925 5771:10.1146/annurev.genet.37.110801.143752 5314: 5279: 5078:Bassett DI, Currie PD (October 2003). 4475:Lush ME, Piotrowski T (October 2014). 3662:Gerhard GS, Cheng KC (December 2002). 2961:"Zebrafish in the Natural Environment" 2953: 2711: 2664: 2662: 2660: 2658: 2196: 1518:of this species. By interfering via a 1450:In October 2001, researchers from the 1292: 1084:has yielded advances in the fields of 982: 9594: 9593: 9442: 8889: 8609: 7691:Renshaw SA, Trede NS (January 2012). 4887: 4881: 4228: 3806: 3731: 3524:from the original on January 15, 2021 2185:In programmes of research into acute 1567: 351:in scientific research, particularly 9933:4B89B955-01FC-4610-8399-F1C2559E94DB 8306:The Journal of Comparative Neurology 7601:Current Topics in Innate Immunity II 7178:10.1146/annurev-pathol-011110-130330 5559:from the original on October 5, 2016 5029:Xi Y, Noble S, Ekker M (June 2011). 4446: 4440: 4186: 4114:from the original on 6 December 2014 4064:Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models 3956:Current Environmental Health Reports 3117: 3035: 3011:"Brachydanio rerio (Hamilton, 1822)" 2732:from the original on October 3, 2016 2554:Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models 2524:from the original on 27 October 2023 1590:. In December 2005, a study of the 1445: 1402: 1073:is also one of the few fish species 792: 9956:IUCN Red List least concern species 9333:The China Zebrafish Resource Center 8747: 7010: 6974:Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 6666:10.1146/annurev-genom-090314-050048 6067:Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 3330:10.1146/annurev-neuro-071714-033857 2655: 2416:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2175:congenital heart and kidney disease 2102: 1019:because it is unable to synthesize 999:, are widely studied by scientists. 572:signals by McHenry et al. 2009 and 337:" although it is both tropical and 13: 9263:from the original on June 16, 2013 9099:Your Guide to Freshwater Aquariums 9092: 9008: 7740:Meijer AH, Spaink HP (June 2011). 7527:. Fish For Science. Archived from 6266:Gabaldón T, Koonin EV (May 2013). 6053:Barolo S, Posakony JW (May 2002). 5940:Jeanna Bryner (February 6, 2008). 5022: 3809:Eyewitness Handbook: Aquarium Fish 2967:from the original on 28 March 2019 2895:(PhD thesis). University of Leeds. 2864:from the original on 28 March 2019 1315: 1030:is a common and useful scientific 809:, some of which are listed below. 686: 14: 10027: 9315:The Zebrafish Information Network 9277: 8257:Journal of Visualized Experiments 8102:Cronan MR, Tobin DM (July 2014). 7846:Journal of Visualized Experiments 7354:from the original on May 19, 2024 7210:from the original on May 19, 2024 6910:. University of Sheffield. 2011. 5952:from the original on May 19, 2024 5413:Journal of Visualized Experiments 4523: 4447:Wade, Nicholas (March 24, 2010). 4110:. Voice of America. 19 May 2010. 1955: 8953: 8844: 8801: 8696: 8652: 8616:Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery 8603: 8554: 8505: 8456: 8407: 8399:. August 3, 2007. Archived from 8383: 8342: 8293: 8244: 8193: 8144: 8095: 8054: 8013: 7978: 7929: 7878: 7833: 7782: 7733: 7684: 7649: 7592: 7543: 7517: 7474: 7417: 7366: 7336: 7279: 7222: 7192: 7157: 6961: 6926: 6900: 6851: 6794: 6384:10.1111/j.1752-4571.2012.00288.x 5200:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05272.x 4536:from the original on 19 May 2024 3681:10.1046/j.1474-9728.2002.00012.x 3206:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2006.01206.x 3145:10.1111/j.1469-185X.2007.00030.x 3017:from the original on 7 June 2023 2888:Pritchard, V.L. (January 2001). 2482:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05272.x 2180: 1195:, subsequently facilitating the 87: 9296:International Zebrafish Society 9054:from the original on 2024-02-24 8518:Disease Models & Mechanisms 8469:Disease Models & Mechanisms 8108:Disease Models & Mechanisms 7942:Disease Models & Mechanisms 7697:Disease Models & Mechanisms 6784: 6161: 6150:from the original on 2024-05-19 6103: 6005: 5964: 5933: 5882: 5847: 5616:(IGIB). 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Drug Discovery 4629:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1624-07.2007 3512:Dockser A (January 13, 2012). 2612:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0758-12.2012 2506: 2444: 2078:, which is the integration of 2001:Drug discovery and development 1395:and promoter regulation using 1168:Zebrafish have the ability to 515: 1: 10001:Animal models in neuroscience 8709:BioMed Research International 5578:"Decoding the Genome Mystery" 5553:"Genome Reference Consortium" 3651:. University of Oregon Press. 3316:Annual Review of Neuroscience 3237:10.1016/s0531-5565(02)00088-8 3064:Nonindigenous Aquatic Species 2811:Parichy DM (September 2006). 2384: 2297:Bone physiology and pathology 2163:Alpha-1 adrenergic signalling 2040:) can suppress the growth of 1975: 1063:Zebrafish Information Network 799:Zebrafish Information Network 544: 371:. 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In addition, 1075:to have been sent into space 727:(fluorescent colored fish). 7: 9981:Freshwater fish of Pakistan 8567:Journal of Medical Genetics 8368:10.1634/stemcells.2006-0724 8219:10.1016/j.ymeth.2013.06.002 8157:Seminars in Immunopathology 4617:The Journal of Neuroscience 4076:10.1016/j.ddmod.2007.09.002 3732:Gupta, Parth (2024-02-15). 2600:The Journal of Neuroscience 2567:10.1016/j.ddmod.2017.04.003 2361: 2352: 2322: 2287:Duchenne muscular dystrophy 2070:Computational data analysis 2048:Toxico- or pharmacokinetics 2018:than with more traditional 1920:The only exception are the 1428:Genome Reference Consortium 1426:, and is maintained by the 1347:(MO) are stable, synthetic 1287: 787:Chinese Academy of Sciences 745:yellow fluorescent proteins 490: 386: 10: 10032: 8865:10.1016/j.bone.2015.01.006 8810:Osteoporosis International 8763:Frontiers in Endocrinology 8610:Maves L (September 2014). 8080:10.1101/sqb.2013.78.023283 7758:10.2174/138945011795677809 7166:Annual Review of Pathology 6986:10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.10.025 6827:10.1038/s41598-018-35949-5 6186:10.1016/j.cell.2019.04.004 5133:10.1038/s41684-020-00683-x 4058:Major RJ, Poss KD (2007). 2687:10.1016/j.stem.2007.11.002 2331: 2150:transcriptional elongation 1948:between them than between 1674:Boston Children's Hospital 1049:and his colleagues at the 965:Hybrids between different 960: 730: 647: 355:, but also gene function, 333:(and thus often called a " 47:An adult female zebrafish 21:Zebrafish (disambiguation) 18: 9837: 9602: 9481: 9236:10.1038/nature.2012.11463 9157:"Small fish, big science" 9037:10.1163/1568539X-00003030 8979:10.3389/fcell.2020.573303 8822:10.1007/s00198-013-2441-3 8432:10.1007/s10038-006-0374-9 8420:Journal of Human Genetics 8169:10.1007/s00281-015-0522-4 7999:10.1016/j.tim.2014.04.014 7670:10.1016/j.dci.2007.11.011 7379:BMC Developmental Biology 6538:10.1007/s10126-006-5139-0 6425:Frontiers in Microbiology 6364:Evolutionary Applications 5808:Annual Review of Genetics 5754:Annual Review of Genetics 5257:10.1007/s10646-008-0267-0 5047:10.1007/s11910-011-0182-2 4906:10.1007/s40139-018-0158-x 4155:10.3390/molecules20046237 3976:10.1007/s40572-014-0029-5 3280:10.1007/s10071-016-1014-1 2996:, University of Leicester 2291:myotonic dystrophy type 1 2239:University College London 2107: 1466:) and 21 longer than the 1230:. Researchers frequently 225: 218: 199: 192: 84:Scientific classification 82: 60: 51: 46: 37: 30: 9996:Regenerative biomedicine 9976:Freshwater fish of India 9070:Freshwater Aquarium Fish 8928:10.3389/fcell.2018.00091 8776:10.3389/fendo.2019.00006 8151:Meijer AH (March 2016). 6443:10.3389/fmicb.2014.00207 6317:Nature Reviews. Genetics 6272:Nature Reviews. 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March 2019 version. 2931:10.1089/zeb.2006.9997 2773:10.1093/molbev/msu325 2423:: e.T166487A6219667. 2217: 2008: 1952:and any farmed fish. 1801:inbreeding depression 1795:Inbreeding depression 1484:origin of replication 1417:Zebrafish Genome Page 1236:histone demethylation 1146:embryonic development 1132:Model characteristics 1118:regenerative medicine 1086:developmental biology 1006: 997:background adaptation 990: 941:Tupfel long fin nacre 757: 664:, insects and insect 587: 353:developmental biology 9221:Guttridge N (2012). 9031:(10/12): 1019–1036. 8722:10.1155/2019/1253710 7746:Current Drug Targets 7436:(22): 2460–2476.e7. 6705:Molecular Psychiatry 6502:Marine Biotechnology 6180:(7): 1903–1914.e14. 6071:The Genetics Society 4524:Teske, Christopher. 4026:10.3390/ijms17111941 3866:University of Oregon 3708:Encyclopedia of Life 2728:. January 31, 2013. 2520:. 16 November 2013. 2275:Muscular dystrophies 2270:Muscular dystrophies 2251:macular degeneration 2076:systems pharmacology 1966:exploratory behavior 1914:Xiphophorus hellerii 1815:Aquaculture research 1690:natural killer cells 1588:Waardenburg Syndrome 1542:transcription factor 1122:muscular dystrophies 1051:University of Oregon 638:diisononyl phthalate 555:conscious experience 479:Zebrafish have been 395:member of the genus 285:Perilamopus striatus 19:For other uses, see 9542:Medicago truncatula 9433:UCSC Genome Browser 9105:on December 7, 2016 9066:Lambert DJ (1997). 7808:10.1155/2012/159807 7312:10.1038/nature09882 7304:2011Natur.471..518W 7255:10.1038/nature09806 7247:2011Natur.471..513C 6819:2019NatSR...9..145M 6696: • 6640: • 6530:2006MarBt...8..329D 6376:2013EvApp...6..279B 5903:2005Sci...310.1782L 5897:(5755): 1782–1786. 5655:10.1038/nature12111 5647:2013Natur.496..498H 5471:10.1155/2012/350352 5464:. Hindawi: 350352. 5249:2009Ecotx..18..144C 5192:2011MolEc..20.4259W 4949:(4): 1307–1318.e3. 4847:2014PNAS..111E1393S 4841:(14): E1393–E1401. 4678:2009PNAS..10619889S 4672:(47): 19889–19894. 4406:2011PLoSO...623094R 4347:2008PNAS..10512485J 4341:(34): 12485–12490. 4298:2012Natur.491..333P 4205:10.1511/2006.61.446 3968:2014CEHR....1..341B 3909:2009PLoSO...4.4361X 3604:2018EPoll.241....1F 3518:Wall Street Journal 3198:2006JFBio..69.1435S 2474:2011MolEc..20.4259W 2197:Infectious diseases 1987:damage to their DNA 1855:Protacanthopterygii 1764:was found in other 1762:secondary structure 1633:transposon system. 1293:Background genetics 1220:photoreceptor cells 1126:evolutionary theory 1044:molecular biologist 983:Scientific research 702:or velvet disease, 656:, primarily eating 442:, ranging from the 391:The zebrafish is a 236:Brachydanio frankei 54:Conservation status 9991:Stem cell research 9971:Fish of Bangladesh 9421:Breeding Zebrafish 9414:2021-01-21 at the 9403:FishforScience.com 9373:2020-10-14 at the 9360:2020-10-11 at the 9307:2019-02-02 at the 9289:2018-05-19 at the 8530:10.1242/dmm.012427 8481:10.1242/dmm.004150 8120:10.1242/dmm.016089 7954:10.1242/dmm.015594 7709:10.1242/dmm.007138 7531:on January 9, 2013 7430:Developmental Cell 7350:. March 24, 2011. 7206:. March 23, 2011. 7133:10.1002/psp4.12297 6947:10.1002/bdrb.20223 6908:"Fish for Science" 6807:Scientific Reports 6726:10.1038/mp.2012.64 6080:10.1101/gad.976502 6031:10.1002/dvdy.20157 5977:Developmental Cell 5608:2018-07-19 at the 5583:2009-07-15 at the 5521:10.1093/nar/gkg763 5097:10.1093/hmg/ddg279 4807:10.1002/dvdy.23973 4493:10.1002/dvdy.24167 4453:The New York Times 4193:American Scientist 3811:. Harper Collins. 3409:Laboratory Animals 3231:(8–9): 1055–1068. 2757:, a "model genus"" 2368:Japanese rice fish 2220: 2015: 1568:Pigmentation genes 1377:lobe-finned fishes 1302:replication crisis 1278:muscular dystrophy 1247:, to ensure their 1047:George Streisinger 1025: 1001: 760: 590: 425:of close species. 409:relationship with 9943: 9942: 9809:Open Tree of Life 9596:Taxon identifiers 9587: 9586: 9259:. June 14, 2013. 9085:978-0-7858-0867-1 8674:10.1002/jmor.1065 8318:10.1002/cne.22447 8312:(20): 4182–4195. 8039:978-1-4614-6110-4 7904:10.1111/cmi.12236 7298:(7339): 518–522. 7241:(7339): 513–517. 6606:10.1111/raq.12041 5862:(17): 3757–3767. 5711:10.1101/gr.156801 5705:(11): 1958–1967. 5641:(7446): 498–503. 5515:(19): 5676–5684. 5186:(20): 4259–4276. 5180:Molecular Ecology 4623:(26): 7028–7040. 4487:(10): 1187–1202. 3818:978-0-7322-5012-6 3074:on August 4, 2009 3013:. SeriouslyFish. 2852:Petr, T. (1999). 2606:(22): 7477–7492. 2468:(20): 4259–4276. 2462:Molecular Ecology 2314:. The (elasmoid) 2122:pancreatic cancer 1908:Takifugu rubripes 1884:Carassius auratus 1616:roy orbison (roy) 1464:Carassius auratus 1460:mitochondrial DNA 1446:Mitochondrial DNA 1403:Genome sequencing 1373:ray-finned fishes 1259:of the posterior 1189:endothelial cells 976:D. nigrofasciatus 793:Wild-type strains 631:Circadian rhythms 456:Brahmaputra River 448:Arunachal Pradesh 423:phylogenetic tree 294: 293: 288: 281: 274: 267: 260: 253: 250:Cyprinus chapalio 246: 243:Brachydanio rerio 239: 232: 77: 10023: 9936: 9935: 9923: 9922: 9910: 9909: 9897: 9896: 9884: 9883: 9871: 9870: 9858: 9857: 9856: 9830: 9829: 9817: 9816: 9804: 9803: 9791: 9790: 9781: 9780: 9768: 9767: 9755: 9754: 9742: 9741: 9729: 9728: 9716: 9715: 9703: 9702: 9690: 9689: 9677: 9676: 9664: 9663: 9651: 9650: 9638: 9637: 9636: 9623: 9622: 9621: 9591: 9590: 9463: 9456: 9449: 9440: 9439: 9394:Zebrafish genome 9272: 9270: 9268: 9248: 9238: 9217: 9196: 9186: 9176: 9151: 9114: 9112: 9110: 9101:. Archived from 9089: 9073: 9062: 9060: 9059: 9053: 9022: 9002: 9001: 8991: 8981: 8957: 8951: 8950: 8940: 8930: 8906: 8887: 8886: 8876: 8848: 8842: 8841: 8805: 8799: 8798: 8788: 8778: 8754: 8745: 8744: 8734: 8724: 8700: 8694: 8693: 8656: 8650: 8649: 8639: 8622:(9): 1033–1045. 8607: 8601: 8600: 8590: 8558: 8552: 8551: 8541: 8509: 8503: 8502: 8492: 8460: 8454: 8453: 8443: 8411: 8405: 8404: 8387: 8381: 8380: 8370: 8361:(8): 2033–2043. 8346: 8340: 8339: 8329: 8297: 8291: 8290: 8280: 8248: 8242: 8241: 8231: 8221: 8197: 8191: 8190: 8180: 8148: 8142: 8141: 8131: 8099: 8093: 8092: 8082: 8058: 8052: 8051: 8017: 8011: 8010: 7982: 7976: 7975: 7965: 7933: 7927: 7926: 7916: 7906: 7882: 7876: 7875: 7865: 7837: 7831: 7830: 7820: 7810: 7786: 7780: 7779: 7769: 7752:(7): 1000–1017. 7737: 7731: 7730: 7720: 7688: 7682: 7681: 7653: 7647: 7646: 7596: 7590: 7589: 7571: 7547: 7541: 7540: 7538: 7536: 7521: 7515: 7514: 7478: 7472: 7471: 7445: 7421: 7415: 7414: 7404: 7394: 7370: 7364: 7363: 7361: 7359: 7340: 7334: 7333: 7323: 7283: 7277: 7276: 7266: 7226: 7220: 7219: 7217: 7215: 7196: 7190: 7189: 7161: 7155: 7154: 7144: 7112: 7106: 7105: 7095: 7063: 7054: 7053: 7017: 7008: 7007: 6997: 6965: 6959: 6958: 6930: 6924: 6923: 6921: 6919: 6904: 6898: 6897: 6887: 6855: 6849: 6848: 6838: 6798: 6792: 6788: 6782: 6778: 6767: 6763: 6745: 6714:Nature Portfolio 6693: 6635: 6626: 6625: 6579: 6566: 6565: 6497: 6482: 6481: 6463: 6445: 6415: 6406: 6405: 6395: 6355: 6349: 6348: 6312: 6306: 6305: 6295: 6263: 6257: 6256: 6246: 6214: 6208: 6207: 6197: 6165: 6159: 6158: 6156: 6155: 6107: 6101: 6100: 6082: 6050: 6044: 6043: 6033: 6009: 6003: 6002: 5992: 5968: 5962: 5961: 5959: 5957: 5937: 5931: 5930: 5886: 5880: 5879: 5851: 5845: 5844: 5802: 5791: 5790: 5748: 5733: 5732: 5722: 5686: 5677: 5676: 5666: 5626: 5617: 5600: 5594: 5575: 5569: 5568: 5566: 5564: 5549: 5543: 5542: 5532: 5500: 5494: 5493: 5483: 5473: 5449: 5443: 5442: 5432: 5404: 5398: 5397: 5387: 5377: 5368:(10): e1007000. 5353: 5347: 5346: 5318: 5312: 5311: 5283: 5277: 5276: 5228: 5222: 5221: 5211: 5167: 5161: 5160: 5116: 5110: 5109: 5099: 5075: 5069: 5068: 5058: 5026: 5020: 5019: 5009: 4999: 4975: 4969: 4968: 4958: 4934: 4928: 4927: 4917: 4885: 4879: 4878: 4868: 4858: 4826: 4820: 4819: 4809: 4785: 4776: 4775: 4773: 4772: 4753: 4747: 4746: 4744: 4743: 4724: 4718: 4717: 4707: 4689: 4657: 4651: 4650: 4640: 4608: 4602: 4601: 4599: 4597: 4592:on 10 March 2012 4582: 4576: 4575: 4573: 4571: 4552: 4546: 4545: 4543: 4541: 4530:Researchgate.com 4521: 4515: 4514: 4504: 4472: 4463: 4462: 4460: 4455:. Archived from 4444: 4438: 4437: 4427: 4417: 4385: 4379: 4378: 4368: 4358: 4326: 4320: 4319: 4309: 4277: 4271: 4270: 4260: 4250: 4226: 4220: 4219: 4217: 4216: 4207:. Archived from 4184: 4178: 4177: 4167: 4157: 4148:(4): 6237–6253. 4133: 4124: 4123: 4121: 4119: 4104: 4098: 4097: 4087: 4055: 4049: 4048: 4038: 4028: 4004: 3998: 3997: 3987: 3947: 3941: 3940: 3930: 3920: 3888: 3882: 3881: 3879: 3877: 3868:. Archived from 3858: 3852: 3851: 3849: 3848: 3829: 3823: 3822: 3807:Mills D (1993). 3804: 3798: 3797: 3787: 3755: 3749: 3748: 3746: 3745: 3729: 3723: 3722: 3720: 3719: 3700: 3694: 3693: 3683: 3659: 3653: 3652: 3638: 3632: 3631: 3586: 3580: 3579: 3569: 3545: 3534: 3533: 3531: 3529: 3509: 3500: 3499: 3481: 3449: 3443: 3442: 3432: 3400: 3394: 3393: 3357: 3351: 3350: 3332: 3306: 3300: 3299: 3274:(6): 1071–1079. 3268:Animal Cognition 3263: 3257: 3256: 3216: 3210: 3209: 3192:(5): 1435–1448. 3181: 3175: 3174: 3156: 3128: 3115: 3114: 3093: 3084: 3083: 3081: 3079: 3056: 3050: 3049: 3036:Fang F (1998). " 3033: 3027: 3026: 3024: 3022: 3007: 2998: 2997: 2986: 2977: 2976: 2974: 2972: 2957: 2951: 2950: 2914: 2897: 2896: 2885: 2874: 2873: 2871: 2869: 2849: 2843: 2842: 2832: 2808: 2795: 2794: 2784: 2748: 2742: 2741: 2739: 2737: 2718: 2709: 2708: 2698: 2666: 2653: 2643: 2634: 2633: 2623: 2591: 2582: 2581: 2579: 2569: 2545: 2534: 2533: 2531: 2529: 2510: 2504: 2503: 2493: 2448: 2442: 2441: 2439: 2437: 2432: 2402: 2103:Medical research 1946:genetic distance 1930:) and Milkfish ( 1893:), Stickleback ( 1840: 1726:Brown University 1709:Fudan University 1383:reliably due to 1345:oligonucleotides 1328:technique is to 1326:reverse genetics 1172:their heart and 1038:development and 592:The approximate 536:in front of the 412:Danio aesculapii 401:, of the family 367:, in particular 365:drug development 287: 280: 273: 266: 259: 252: 245: 238: 231: 205: 92: 91: 71: 66: 65: 42: 28: 27: 10031: 10030: 10026: 10025: 10024: 10022: 10021: 10020: 9946: 9945: 9944: 9939: 9931: 9926: 9918: 9913: 9905: 9900: 9892: 9887: 9879: 9874: 9866: 9861: 9852: 9851: 9846: 9833: 9825: 9820: 9812: 9807: 9799: 9794: 9786: 9784: 9776: 9771: 9763: 9758: 9750: 9745: 9737: 9732: 9724: 9719: 9711: 9706: 9698: 9693: 9685: 9680: 9672: 9667: 9659: 9654: 9646: 9641: 9632: 9631: 9626: 9617: 9616: 9611: 9598: 9588: 9583: 9477: 9471:model organisms 9467: 9416:Wayback Machine 9375:Wayback Machine 9362:Wayback Machine 9309:Wayback Machine 9291:Wayback Machine 9280: 9275: 9266: 9264: 9251: 9108: 9106: 9086: 9057: 9055: 9051: 9020: 9011: 9009:Further reading 9006: 9005: 8958: 8954: 8907: 8890: 8849: 8845: 8806: 8802: 8755: 8748: 8701: 8697: 8657: 8653: 8608: 8604: 8573:(10): 649–657. 8559: 8555: 8510: 8506: 8461: 8457: 8412: 8408: 8389: 8388: 8384: 8347: 8343: 8298: 8294: 8249: 8245: 8198: 8194: 8149: 8145: 8100: 8096: 8059: 8055: 8040: 8018: 8014: 7983: 7979: 7934: 7930: 7883: 7879: 7838: 7834: 7787: 7783: 7738: 7734: 7689: 7685: 7654: 7650: 7627: 7597: 7593: 7548: 7544: 7534: 7532: 7523: 7522: 7518: 7479: 7475: 7422: 7418: 7371: 7367: 7357: 7355: 7342: 7341: 7337: 7284: 7280: 7227: 7223: 7213: 7211: 7198: 7197: 7193: 7162: 7158: 7113: 7109: 7064: 7057: 7034:10.1038/nrd4627 7028:(10): 721–731. 7018: 7011: 6966: 6962: 6931: 6927: 6917: 6915: 6906: 6905: 6901: 6856: 6852: 6799: 6795: 6789: 6785: 6779: 6770: 6766: 6636: 6629: 6580: 6569: 6498: 6485: 6416: 6409: 6356: 6352: 6329:10.1038/nrg2664 6323:(11): 783–796. 6313: 6309: 6284:10.1038/nrg3456 6264: 6260: 6223:Genome Research 6215: 6211: 6166: 6162: 6153: 6151: 6108: 6104: 6051: 6047: 6010: 6006: 5969: 5965: 5955: 5953: 5946:livescience.com 5938: 5934: 5887: 5883: 5852: 5848: 5803: 5794: 5749: 5736: 5699:Genome Research 5687: 5680: 5627: 5620: 5610:Wayback Machine 5601: 5597: 5585:Wayback Machine 5576: 5572: 5562: 5560: 5551: 5550: 5546: 5501: 5497: 5450: 5446: 5405: 5401: 5354: 5350: 5319: 5315: 5284: 5280: 5229: 5225: 5168: 5164: 5117: 5113: 5076: 5072: 5027: 5023: 4990:(1): e3000585. 4976: 4972: 4935: 4931: 4886: 4882: 4827: 4823: 4786: 4779: 4770: 4768: 4755: 4754: 4750: 4741: 4739: 4726: 4725: 4721: 4658: 4654: 4609: 4605: 4595: 4593: 4584: 4583: 4579: 4569: 4567: 4554: 4553: 4549: 4539: 4537: 4522: 4518: 4473: 4466: 4445: 4441: 4386: 4382: 4327: 4323: 4307:10.1038/491333a 4278: 4274: 4227: 4223: 4214: 4212: 4187:Dahm R (2006). 4185: 4181: 4134: 4127: 4117: 4115: 4106: 4105: 4101: 4056: 4052: 4005: 4001: 3948: 3944: 3889: 3885: 3875: 3873: 3860: 3859: 3855: 3846: 3844: 3831: 3830: 3826: 3819: 3805: 3801: 3756: 3752: 3743: 3741: 3730: 3726: 3717: 3715: 3702: 3701: 3697: 3660: 3656: 3639: 3635: 3587: 3583: 3546: 3537: 3527: 3525: 3510: 3503: 3450: 3446: 3401: 3397: 3358: 3354: 3307: 3303: 3264: 3260: 3217: 3213: 3182: 3178: 3129: 3118: 3094: 3087: 3077: 3075: 3058: 3057: 3053: 3034: 3030: 3020: 3018: 3009: 3008: 3001: 2987: 2980: 2970: 2968: 2959: 2958: 2954: 2915: 2900: 2886: 2877: 2867: 2865: 2850: 2846: 2809: 2798: 2749: 2745: 2735: 2733: 2726:Popular Science 2720: 2719: 2712: 2667: 2656: 2644: 2637: 2592: 2585: 2546: 2537: 2527: 2525: 2512: 2511: 2507: 2449: 2445: 2435: 2433: 2403: 2392: 2387: 2364: 2355: 2343: 2334: 2325: 2299: 2272: 2212: 2199: 2183: 2158: 2110: 2105: 2088:clinical trials 2084:pharmacometrics 2080:systems biology 2072: 2059:pharmacodynamic 2055:pharmacokinetic 2050: 2042:prostate cancer 2033: 2003: 1985:that may cause 1978: 1958: 1905:), Pufferfish ( 1902:Rutilus rutilus 1890:Oryzias latipes 1838: 1817: 1797: 1778: 1722: 1670: 1624: 1570: 1544:– are vital to 1534:and its target 1501: 1472:Cyprinus carpio 1448: 1405: 1385:complementation 1318: 1316:Gene expression 1295: 1290: 1211:. In 2011, the 1166: 1142:fully sequenced 1134: 1059:genetic screens 1034:for studies of 985: 963: 958: 935:Tupfel long fin 795: 758:A leopard danio 733: 689: 687:In the aquarium 650: 594:generation time 582: 551:episodic memory 547: 534:genital papilla 524:. Its shape is 518: 493: 436: 431: 389: 308:freshwater fish 214: 207: 201: 188: 86: 78: 67: 63: 56: 24: 17: 16:Species of fish 12: 11: 5: 10029: 10019: 10018: 10016:Fish of Bhutan 10013: 10008: 10003: 9998: 9993: 9988: 9983: 9978: 9973: 9968: 9963: 9958: 9941: 9940: 9938: 9937: 9924: 9911: 9898: 9885: 9872: 9859: 9843: 9841: 9839:Cyprinus rerio 9835: 9834: 9832: 9831: 9818: 9805: 9792: 9782: 9769: 9756: 9743: 9730: 9717: 9704: 9691: 9678: 9665: 9652: 9639: 9624: 9608: 9606: 9600: 9599: 9585: 9584: 9582: 9581: 9576: 9571: 9566: 9559: 9552: 9545: 9538: 9531: 9526: 9519: 9514: 9509: 9502: 9495: 9488: 9482: 9479: 9478: 9466: 9465: 9458: 9451: 9443: 9437: 9436: 9423: 9418: 9406: 9400: 9391: 9386: 9385:at Danios.info 9378: 9365: 9352: 9342: 9336: 9330: 9324: 9318: 9312: 9311:(EuFishBioMed) 9299: 9293: 9279: 9278:External links 9276: 9274: 9273: 9249: 9218: 9197: 9152: 9126:(3): 147–156. 9115: 9090: 9084: 9063: 9012: 9010: 9007: 9004: 9003: 8952: 8888: 8843: 8816:(2): 567–578. 8800: 8746: 8695: 8668:(3): 197–207. 8651: 8602: 8553: 8524:(1): 143–155. 8504: 8475:(3): 381–392. 8455: 8426:(5): 397–406. 8406: 8403:on 2012-09-10. 8396:The China Post 8382: 8341: 8292: 8263:(88): e51649. 8243: 8212:(3): 246–254. 8192: 8163:(2): 261–273. 8143: 8114:(7): 777–784. 8094: 8053: 8038: 8012: 7993:(9): 490–497. 7977: 7948:(7): 785–797. 7928: 7877: 7832: 7781: 7732: 7683: 7664:(7): 745–757. 7648: 7625: 7591: 7562:(1): 132–141. 7542: 7516: 7489:(2): 299–304. 7473: 7416: 7365: 7335: 7278: 7221: 7191: 7156: 7127:(5): 285–287. 7107: 7078:(6): 504–510. 7055: 7009: 6960: 6925: 6899: 6870:(2): 438–449. 6850: 6793: 6783: 6768: 6765: 6764: 6694: 6658:Annual Reviews 6637: 6627: 6567: 6483: 6407: 6370:(2): 279–289. 6350: 6307: 6278:(5): 360–366. 6258: 6209: 6160: 6102: 6045: 6024:(2): 449–459. 6004: 5983:(1): 133–144. 5963: 5932: 5881: 5846: 5817:Annual Reviews 5792: 5763:Annual Reviews 5734: 5678: 5618: 5595: 5590:Indian Express 5570: 5544: 5495: 5444: 5399: 5348: 5313: 5278: 5243:(1): 144–150. 5223: 5162: 5111: 5070: 5041:(3): 274–282. 5021: 4970: 4929: 4880: 4821: 4800:(7): 832–846. 4777: 4748: 4719: 4652: 4603: 4577: 4547: 4516: 4464: 4461:on 2022-01-01. 4439: 4380: 4321: 4272: 4221: 4179: 4125: 4099: 4070:(4): 219–225. 4050: 3999: 3962:(4): 341–352. 3942: 3883: 3853: 3824: 3817: 3799: 3770:(9): 893–897. 3750: 3724: 3695: 3674:(2): 104–111. 3654: 3633: 3581: 3535: 3501: 3444: 3415:(3): 213–224. 3395: 3368:(2): 203–224. 3352: 3323:(1): 125–147. 3301: 3258: 3211: 3176: 3116: 3097:Froese, Rainer 3085: 3051: 3028: 2999: 2978: 2952: 2898: 2875: 2844: 2823:(3): 200–210. 2796: 2767:(3): 635–652. 2743: 2710: 2681:(2): 183–189. 2675:Cell Stem Cell 2654: 2635: 2583: 2535: 2505: 2443: 2389: 2388: 2386: 2383: 2382: 2381: 2376: 2371: 2363: 2360: 2354: 2351: 2342: 2339: 2333: 2330: 2324: 2321: 2298: 2295: 2271: 2268: 2211: 2208: 2198: 2195: 2182: 2179: 2167:blood clotting 2157: 2154: 2134:Histologically 2109: 2106: 2104: 2101: 2071: 2068: 2049: 2046: 2032: 2029: 2002: 1999: 1977: 1974: 1957: 1956:Neurochemistry 1954: 1911:), Swordtail ( 1816: 1813: 1796: 1793: 1777: 1774: 1721: 1718: 1669: 1666: 1647:Catenin beta-1 1623: 1620: 1569: 1566: 1522:nonfunctional 1500: 1497: 1447: 1444: 1404: 1401: 1349:macromolecules 1317: 1314: 1310:microsatellite 1298:Inbred strains 1294: 1291: 1289: 1286: 1253:glial scarring 1165: 1162: 1133: 1130: 1080:Research with 1032:model organism 993:chromatophores 984: 981: 962: 959: 957: 956: 950: 944: 938: 932: 926: 920: 914: 908: 902: 896: 890: 884: 878: 872: 866: 860: 854: 848: 842: 836: 830: 824: 818: 811: 794: 791: 735:In late 2003, 732: 729: 688: 685: 652:Zebrafish are 649: 646: 581: 578: 574:visual signals 562:Mauthner cells 546: 543: 517: 514: 492: 489: 435: 432: 430: 427: 388: 385: 349:model organism 292: 291: 290: 289: 282: 275: 271:Danio lineatus 268: 261: 257:Cyprinus rerio 254: 247: 240: 233: 229:Barilius rerio 223: 222: 216: 215: 208: 197: 196: 190: 189: 182: 180: 176: 175: 168: 164: 163: 158: 154: 153: 148: 144: 143: 138: 134: 133: 131:Actinopterygii 128: 124: 123: 118: 114: 113: 108: 104: 103: 98: 94: 93: 80: 79: 61: 58: 57: 52: 49: 48: 44: 43: 35: 34: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10028: 10017: 10014: 10012: 10011:Fish of Nepal 10009: 10007: 10004: 10002: 9999: 9997: 9994: 9992: 9989: 9987: 9986:Animal models 9984: 9982: 9979: 9977: 9974: 9972: 9969: 9967: 9964: 9962: 9959: 9957: 9954: 9953: 9951: 9934: 9929: 9925: 9921: 9916: 9912: 9908: 9903: 9899: 9895: 9890: 9886: 9882: 9877: 9873: 9869: 9864: 9860: 9855: 9849: 9845: 9844: 9842: 9840: 9836: 9828: 9823: 9819: 9815: 9810: 9806: 9802: 9797: 9793: 9789: 9783: 9779: 9774: 9770: 9766: 9761: 9757: 9753: 9748: 9744: 9740: 9735: 9731: 9727: 9722: 9718: 9714: 9709: 9705: 9701: 9696: 9692: 9688: 9683: 9679: 9675: 9670: 9666: 9662: 9657: 9653: 9649: 9644: 9640: 9635: 9629: 9625: 9620: 9614: 9610: 9609: 9607: 9605: 9601: 9597: 9592: 9580: 9577: 9575: 9572: 9570: 9567: 9565: 9564: 9560: 9558: 9557: 9553: 9551: 9550: 9546: 9544: 9543: 9539: 9537: 9536: 9532: 9530: 9527: 9525: 9524: 9520: 9518: 9517:Fission yeast 9515: 9513: 9512:Budding yeast 9510: 9508: 9507: 9503: 9501: 9500: 9499:Chlamydomonas 9496: 9494: 9493: 9489: 9487: 9484: 9483: 9480: 9476: 9472: 9464: 9459: 9457: 9452: 9450: 9445: 9444: 9441: 9434: 9430: 9429: 9424: 9422: 9419: 9417: 9413: 9410: 9409:FishForPharma 9407: 9404: 9401: 9399: 9395: 9392: 9390: 9387: 9384: 9383: 9379: 9376: 9372: 9369: 9366: 9363: 9359: 9356: 9353: 9350: 9346: 9343: 9340: 9337: 9334: 9331: 9328: 9325: 9322: 9319: 9316: 9313: 9310: 9306: 9303: 9300: 9297: 9294: 9292: 9288: 9285: 9282: 9281: 9262: 9258: 9254: 9250: 9246: 9242: 9237: 9232: 9228: 9224: 9219: 9215: 9211: 9207: 9203: 9198: 9194: 9190: 9185: 9180: 9175: 9170: 9166: 9162: 9158: 9153: 9149: 9145: 9141: 9137: 9133: 9129: 9125: 9121: 9116: 9104: 9100: 9096: 9095:"Zebra Danio" 9091: 9087: 9081: 9077: 9072: 9071: 9064: 9050: 9046: 9042: 9038: 9034: 9030: 9026: 9019: 9014: 9013: 8999: 8995: 8990: 8985: 8980: 8975: 8971: 8967: 8963: 8956: 8948: 8944: 8939: 8934: 8929: 8924: 8920: 8916: 8912: 8905: 8903: 8901: 8899: 8897: 8895: 8893: 8884: 8880: 8875: 8870: 8866: 8862: 8858: 8854: 8847: 8839: 8835: 8831: 8827: 8823: 8819: 8815: 8811: 8804: 8796: 8792: 8787: 8782: 8777: 8772: 8768: 8764: 8760: 8753: 8751: 8742: 8738: 8733: 8728: 8723: 8718: 8714: 8710: 8706: 8699: 8691: 8687: 8683: 8679: 8675: 8671: 8667: 8663: 8655: 8647: 8643: 8638: 8633: 8629: 8625: 8621: 8617: 8613: 8606: 8598: 8594: 8589: 8584: 8580: 8576: 8572: 8568: 8564: 8557: 8549: 8545: 8540: 8535: 8531: 8527: 8523: 8519: 8515: 8508: 8500: 8496: 8491: 8486: 8482: 8478: 8474: 8470: 8466: 8459: 8451: 8447: 8442: 8437: 8433: 8429: 8425: 8421: 8417: 8410: 8402: 8398: 8397: 8392: 8386: 8378: 8374: 8369: 8364: 8360: 8356: 8352: 8345: 8337: 8333: 8328: 8323: 8319: 8315: 8311: 8307: 8303: 8296: 8288: 8284: 8279: 8274: 8270: 8269:10.3791/51649 8266: 8262: 8258: 8254: 8247: 8239: 8235: 8230: 8229:10044/1/53161 8225: 8220: 8215: 8211: 8207: 8203: 8196: 8188: 8184: 8179: 8174: 8170: 8166: 8162: 8158: 8154: 8147: 8139: 8135: 8130: 8125: 8121: 8117: 8113: 8109: 8105: 8098: 8090: 8086: 8081: 8076: 8072: 8068: 8064: 8057: 8049: 8045: 8041: 8035: 8031: 8027: 8023: 8016: 8008: 8004: 8000: 7996: 7992: 7988: 7981: 7973: 7969: 7964: 7959: 7955: 7951: 7947: 7943: 7939: 7932: 7924: 7920: 7915: 7910: 7905: 7900: 7896: 7892: 7888: 7881: 7873: 7869: 7864: 7859: 7855: 7851: 7847: 7843: 7836: 7828: 7824: 7819: 7814: 7809: 7804: 7800: 7796: 7792: 7785: 7777: 7773: 7768: 7763: 7759: 7755: 7751: 7747: 7743: 7736: 7728: 7724: 7719: 7714: 7710: 7706: 7702: 7698: 7694: 7687: 7679: 7675: 7671: 7667: 7663: 7659: 7652: 7644: 7640: 7636: 7632: 7628: 7626:9781461401056 7622: 7618: 7614: 7610: 7606: 7602: 7595: 7587: 7583: 7579: 7575: 7570: 7565: 7561: 7557: 7553: 7546: 7530: 7526: 7520: 7512: 7508: 7504: 7500: 7496: 7492: 7488: 7484: 7477: 7469: 7465: 7461: 7457: 7453: 7449: 7444: 7439: 7435: 7431: 7427: 7420: 7412: 7408: 7403: 7398: 7393: 7388: 7384: 7380: 7376: 7369: 7353: 7349: 7345: 7339: 7331: 7327: 7322: 7317: 7313: 7309: 7305: 7301: 7297: 7293: 7289: 7282: 7274: 7270: 7265: 7260: 7256: 7252: 7248: 7244: 7240: 7236: 7232: 7225: 7209: 7205: 7204:Science Daily 7201: 7195: 7187: 7183: 7179: 7175: 7171: 7167: 7160: 7152: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7134: 7130: 7126: 7122: 7118: 7111: 7103: 7099: 7094: 7089: 7085: 7081: 7077: 7073: 7069: 7062: 7060: 7051: 7047: 7043: 7039: 7035: 7031: 7027: 7023: 7016: 7014: 7005: 7001: 6996: 6991: 6987: 6983: 6979: 6975: 6971: 6964: 6956: 6952: 6948: 6944: 6940: 6936: 6929: 6913: 6909: 6903: 6895: 6891: 6886: 6881: 6877: 6873: 6869: 6865: 6861: 6854: 6846: 6842: 6837: 6832: 6828: 6824: 6820: 6816: 6812: 6808: 6804: 6797: 6787: 6777: 6775: 6773: 6761: 6757: 6753: 6749: 6744: 6739: 6735: 6731: 6727: 6723: 6719: 6715: 6711: 6707: 6706: 6701: 6695: 6691: 6687: 6683: 6679: 6675: 6671: 6667: 6663: 6659: 6655: 6651: 6650: 6645: 6639: 6638: 6634: 6632: 6623: 6619: 6615: 6611: 6607: 6603: 6599: 6595: 6591: 6590: 6585: 6578: 6576: 6574: 6572: 6563: 6559: 6555: 6551: 6547: 6543: 6539: 6535: 6531: 6527: 6523: 6519: 6515: 6511: 6507: 6503: 6496: 6494: 6492: 6490: 6488: 6479: 6475: 6471: 6467: 6462: 6457: 6453: 6449: 6444: 6439: 6435: 6431: 6427: 6426: 6421: 6414: 6412: 6403: 6399: 6394: 6389: 6385: 6381: 6377: 6373: 6369: 6365: 6361: 6354: 6346: 6342: 6338: 6334: 6330: 6326: 6322: 6318: 6311: 6303: 6299: 6294: 6289: 6285: 6281: 6277: 6273: 6269: 6262: 6254: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6236: 6232: 6228: 6224: 6220: 6213: 6205: 6201: 6196: 6191: 6187: 6183: 6179: 6175: 6171: 6164: 6149: 6145: 6141: 6137: 6133: 6129: 6125: 6121: 6117: 6113: 6106: 6098: 6094: 6090: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6073:: 1167–1181. 6072: 6068: 6064: 6060: 6056: 6049: 6041: 6037: 6032: 6027: 6023: 6019: 6015: 6008: 6000: 5996: 5991: 5986: 5982: 5978: 5974: 5967: 5951: 5947: 5943: 5936: 5928: 5924: 5920: 5916: 5912: 5908: 5904: 5900: 5896: 5892: 5885: 5877: 5873: 5869: 5865: 5861: 5857: 5850: 5842: 5838: 5834: 5830: 5826: 5822: 5818: 5814: 5810: 5809: 5801: 5799: 5797: 5788: 5784: 5780: 5776: 5772: 5768: 5764: 5760: 5756: 5755: 5747: 5745: 5743: 5741: 5739: 5730: 5726: 5721: 5716: 5712: 5708: 5704: 5700: 5696: 5694: 5685: 5683: 5674: 5670: 5665: 5660: 5656: 5652: 5648: 5644: 5640: 5636: 5632: 5625: 5623: 5615: 5611: 5607: 5604: 5599: 5592: 5591: 5586: 5582: 5579: 5574: 5558: 5554: 5548: 5540: 5536: 5531: 5526: 5522: 5518: 5514: 5510: 5506: 5499: 5491: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5463: 5459: 5455: 5448: 5440: 5436: 5431: 5426: 5422: 5418: 5414: 5410: 5403: 5395: 5391: 5386: 5381: 5376: 5371: 5367: 5363: 5362:PLOS Genetics 5359: 5352: 5344: 5340: 5336: 5332: 5329:(1): 94–101. 5328: 5324: 5317: 5309: 5305: 5301: 5297: 5293: 5289: 5282: 5274: 5270: 5266: 5262: 5258: 5254: 5250: 5246: 5242: 5238: 5237:Ecotoxicology 5234: 5227: 5219: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5201: 5197: 5193: 5189: 5185: 5181: 5177: 5175: 5166: 5158: 5154: 5150: 5146: 5142: 5138: 5134: 5130: 5126: 5122: 5115: 5107: 5103: 5098: 5093: 5089: 5085: 5081: 5074: 5066: 5062: 5057: 5052: 5048: 5044: 5040: 5036: 5032: 5025: 5017: 5013: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4989: 4985: 4981: 4974: 4966: 4962: 4957: 4952: 4948: 4944: 4940: 4933: 4925: 4921: 4916: 4911: 4907: 4903: 4899: 4895: 4891: 4884: 4876: 4872: 4867: 4862: 4857: 4852: 4848: 4844: 4840: 4836: 4832: 4825: 4817: 4813: 4808: 4803: 4799: 4795: 4791: 4784: 4782: 4766: 4762: 4758: 4752: 4737: 4733: 4729: 4723: 4715: 4711: 4706: 4701: 4697: 4693: 4688: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4671: 4667: 4663: 4656: 4648: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4630: 4626: 4622: 4618: 4614: 4607: 4591: 4587: 4581: 4565: 4561: 4557: 4551: 4535: 4531: 4527: 4520: 4512: 4508: 4503: 4498: 4494: 4490: 4486: 4482: 4478: 4471: 4469: 4459: 4454: 4450: 4443: 4435: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4407: 4403: 4400:(8): e23094. 4399: 4395: 4391: 4384: 4376: 4372: 4367: 4362: 4357: 4352: 4348: 4344: 4340: 4336: 4332: 4325: 4317: 4313: 4308: 4303: 4299: 4295: 4292:(7424): 333. 4291: 4287: 4283: 4276: 4268: 4264: 4259: 4254: 4249: 4244: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4225: 4211:on 2017-04-18 4210: 4206: 4202: 4199:(5): 446–53. 4198: 4194: 4190: 4183: 4175: 4171: 4166: 4161: 4156: 4151: 4147: 4143: 4139: 4132: 4130: 4113: 4109: 4103: 4095: 4091: 4086: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4061: 4054: 4046: 4042: 4037: 4032: 4027: 4022: 4018: 4014: 4010: 4003: 3995: 3991: 3986: 3981: 3977: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3957: 3953: 3946: 3938: 3934: 3929: 3924: 3919: 3914: 3910: 3906: 3902: 3898: 3894: 3887: 3876:September 23, 3871: 3867: 3863: 3857: 3842: 3838: 3834: 3828: 3820: 3814: 3810: 3803: 3795: 3791: 3786: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3769: 3765: 3761: 3754: 3739: 3735: 3728: 3713: 3709: 3705: 3699: 3691: 3687: 3682: 3677: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3658: 3650: 3649: 3645: 3637: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3585: 3577: 3573: 3568: 3563: 3559: 3555: 3551: 3544: 3542: 3540: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3508: 3506: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3480: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3458:G3 (Bethesda) 3455: 3448: 3440: 3436: 3431: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3399: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3379: 3375: 3371: 3367: 3363: 3356: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3336: 3331: 3326: 3322: 3318: 3317: 3312: 3305: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3262: 3254: 3250: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3215: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3180: 3172: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3155: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3127: 3125: 3123: 3121: 3112: 3111: 3106: 3104: 3098: 3092: 3090: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3060:"Danio rerio" 3055: 3048:(3): 273–280. 3047: 3043: 3039: 3038:Danio kyathit 3032: 3016: 3012: 3006: 3004: 2995: 2992: 2985: 2983: 2966: 2962: 2956: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2913: 2911: 2909: 2907: 2905: 2903: 2894: 2891: 2884: 2882: 2880: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2848: 2840: 2836: 2831: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2807: 2805: 2803: 2801: 2792: 2788: 2783: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2756: 2747: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2717: 2715: 2706: 2702: 2697: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2665: 2663: 2661: 2659: 2651: 2647: 2642: 2640: 2631: 2627: 2622: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2590: 2588: 2578: 2573: 2568: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2544: 2542: 2540: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2509: 2501: 2497: 2492: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2457: 2447: 2431: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2417: 2412: 2410: 2401: 2399: 2397: 2395: 2390: 2380: 2377: 2375: 2372: 2369: 2366: 2365: 2359: 2350: 2348: 2338: 2329: 2320: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2294: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2267: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2235: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2216: 2207: 2204: 2194: 2190: 2188: 2181:Immune system 2178: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2153: 2151: 2146: 2141: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2100: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2067: 2065: 2060: 2056: 2045: 2043: 2039: 2028: 2027:assay model. 2026: 2021: 2012: 2007: 1998: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1973: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1953: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1934: 1933:Chanos chanos 1929: 1928: 1923: 1918: 1916: 1915: 1910: 1909: 1904: 1903: 1898: 1897: 1892: 1891: 1886: 1885: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1837: 1832: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1812: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1792: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1773: 1771: 1768:, but not in 1767: 1763: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1731: 1727: 1717: 1714: 1710: 1705: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1665: 1663: 1658: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1619: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1584: 1579: 1575: 1572:In 1999, the 1565: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1538: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1510:are vital in 1509: 1505: 1496: 1494: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1443: 1441: 1436: 1431: 1429: 1425: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1400: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1365: 1363: 1362:microinjected 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1313: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1285: 1283: 1279: 1273: 1271: 1267: 1266:Wnt signaling 1262: 1258: 1254: 1251:heal without 1250: 1246: 1242: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1216: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1175: 1171: 1161: 1158: 1154: 1149: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1129: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1078: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1005: 998: 994: 989: 980: 978: 977: 972: 968: 954: 951: 948: 945: 942: 939: 936: 933: 930: 927: 924: 921: 918: 915: 912: 909: 906: 903: 900: 897: 894: 891: 888: 885: 882: 879: 876: 873: 870: 867: 864: 861: 858: 855: 852: 849: 846: 843: 840: 837: 834: 831: 828: 825: 822: 819: 816: 813: 812: 810: 808: 804: 800: 790: 788: 784: 780: 775: 773: 769: 765: 764:Danio frankei 756: 752: 750: 746: 742: 738: 728: 726: 721: 718: 715: 714: 713:Mycobacterium 709: 705: 704:microsporidia 701: 700: 695: 684: 682: 678: 673: 671: 667: 663: 662:phytoplankton 659: 655: 645: 643: 639: 634: 632: 626: 622: 620: 619:model species 616: 612: 607: 603: 599: 595: 586: 577: 575: 571: 567: 566:escape reflex 563: 558: 556: 552: 542: 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 513: 510: 506: 502: 498: 488: 486: 482: 477: 475: 474: 473:Danio kyathit 469: 468:Eastern Ghats 465: 461: 457: 453: 449: 445: 441: 426: 424: 420: 419: 414: 413: 408: 404: 400: 399: 394: 384: 382: 378: 374: 370: 366: 362: 358: 354: 350: 347: 342: 340: 336: 335:tropical fish 332: 328: 327:aquarium fish 324: 323:Cypriniformes 321: 317: 313: 309: 305: 304: 299: 286: 283: 279: 276: 272: 269: 265: 264:Danio frankei 262: 258: 255: 251: 248: 244: 241: 237: 234: 230: 227: 226: 224: 221: 217: 212: 206: 204: 198: 195: 194:Binomial name 191: 187: 186: 185:D. rerio 181: 178: 177: 174: 173: 169: 166: 165: 162: 159: 156: 155: 152: 149: 146: 145: 142: 141:Cypriniformes 139: 136: 135: 132: 129: 126: 125: 122: 119: 116: 115: 112: 109: 106: 105: 102: 99: 96: 95: 90: 85: 81: 75: 70: 69:Least Concern 59: 55: 50: 45: 41: 36: 33: 29: 26: 22: 9838: 9603: 9568: 9561: 9554: 9547: 9540: 9533: 9521: 9504: 9497: 9490: 9486:Lambda phage 9427: 9381: 9265:. Retrieved 9256: 9226: 9205: 9201: 9164: 9161:PLOS Biology 9160: 9123: 9119: 9109:December 15, 9107:. Retrieved 9103:the original 9098: 9069: 9056:. Retrieved 9028: 9024: 8969: 8965: 8955: 8918: 8914: 8856: 8852: 8846: 8813: 8809: 8803: 8766: 8762: 8712: 8708: 8698: 8665: 8661: 8654: 8619: 8615: 8605: 8570: 8566: 8556: 8521: 8517: 8507: 8472: 8468: 8458: 8423: 8419: 8409: 8401:the original 8394: 8385: 8358: 8354: 8344: 8309: 8305: 8295: 8260: 8256: 8246: 8209: 8205: 8195: 8160: 8156: 8146: 8111: 8107: 8097: 8070: 8066: 8056: 8021: 8015: 7990: 7986: 7980: 7945: 7941: 7931: 7914:1887/3736301 7897:(1): 39–49. 7894: 7890: 7880: 7854:10.3791/3781 7845: 7835: 7798: 7794: 7784: 7749: 7745: 7735: 7703:(1): 38–47. 7700: 7696: 7686: 7661: 7657: 7651: 7600: 7594: 7559: 7555: 7545: 7535:November 15, 7533:. Retrieved 7529:the original 7519: 7486: 7482: 7476: 7433: 7429: 7419: 7382: 7378: 7368: 7358:November 15, 7356:. Retrieved 7348:Sciencedaily 7347: 7338: 7295: 7291: 7281: 7238: 7234: 7224: 7212:. Retrieved 7203: 7194: 7169: 7165: 7159: 7124: 7120: 7110: 7075: 7071: 7025: 7021: 6977: 6973: 6963: 6941:(1): 66–77. 6938: 6934: 6928: 6916:. Retrieved 6902: 6867: 6863: 6853: 6810: 6806: 6796: 6786: 6709: 6703: 6653: 6647: 6593: 6587: 6583: 6524:): 329–345. 6505: 6501: 6429: 6423: 6367: 6363: 6353: 6320: 6316: 6310: 6275: 6271: 6261: 6229:(1): 12–23. 6226: 6222: 6212: 6177: 6173: 6163: 6152:. Retrieved 6119: 6115: 6105: 6062: 6058: 6048: 6021: 6017: 6007: 5980: 5976: 5966: 5954:. Retrieved 5945: 5935: 5894: 5890: 5884: 5859: 5855: 5849: 5812: 5806: 5758: 5752: 5702: 5698: 5692: 5638: 5634: 5598: 5588: 5573: 5561:. 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Retrieved 2420: 2414: 2408: 2379:Denison barb 2356: 2344: 2335: 2326: 2308:osteoporosis 2303: 2300: 2282: 2278: 2273: 2236: 2221: 2202: 2200: 2191: 2187:inflammation 2184: 2159: 2145:neural crest 2142: 2137: 2111: 2073: 2051: 2038:rosuvastatin 2034: 2031:Drug screens 2016: 1994: 1979: 1959: 1949: 1941: 1931: 1925: 1919: 1912: 1906: 1900: 1894: 1888: 1882: 1881:– Goldfish ( 1835: 1833: 1823:, including 1821:fish farming 1818: 1798: 1785:transferrins 1780: 1779: 1737:RNA splicing 1735:to initiate 1723: 1720:RNA splicing 1706: 1685: 1681: 1671: 1659: 1650: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1627:Transgenesis 1625: 1622:Transgenesis 1615: 1611: 1591: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1571: 1535: 1532:Eomesodermin 1511: 1502: 1471: 1463: 1455: 1449: 1439: 1432: 1406: 1397:ChIP-on-chip 1366: 1321: 1319: 1296: 1274: 1261:lateral line 1249:spinal cords 1217: 1174:lateral line 1167: 1164:Regeneration 1150: 1135: 1106:neurobiology 1081: 1079: 1070: 1027: 1026: 974: 970: 966: 964: 952: 946: 940: 934: 928: 922: 916: 910: 904: 898: 892: 886: 880: 874: 868: 862: 856: 850: 844: 838: 833:AB/Tuebingen 832: 826: 820: 814: 806: 796: 776: 763: 761: 734: 722: 719: 711: 707: 697: 690: 677:brine shrimp 674: 651: 635: 627: 623: 614: 597: 591: 580:Reproduction 570:lateral line 559: 548: 519: 505:rice paddies 503:, ponds and 494: 478: 471: 437: 429:Distribution 416: 410: 407:sister-group 396: 390: 373:regenerative 343: 330: 302: 301: 297: 295: 284: 277: 270: 263: 256: 249: 242: 235: 228: 202: 200: 184: 183: 171: 31: 25: 9734:iNaturalist 9648:Danio_rerio 9634:Danio rerio 9628:Wikispecies 9604:Danio rerio 9535:Arabidopsis 9506:Tetrahymena 9382:Danio rerio 9377:at the IGIB 9364:at the IGIB 9204:Danio rerio 9167:(5): E148. 8874:2066/153047 8859:: 106–113. 8715:: 1253710. 8073:: 179–192. 7617:10261/44975 6781:PMC10014602 6720:: 681–691. 6660:: 173–197. 6644:Sive, Hazel 6600:: 209–240. 6584:Danio rerio 5956:January 23, 5856:Development 5819:: 219–239. 5765:: 561–613. 5693:Danio rerio 5603:FishMap Zv8 5563:October 23, 5233:Danio rerio 5174:Danio rerio 3646:Danio Rerio 3560:(1): 6–19. 3221:Danio rerio 3103:Danio rerio 2993:Danio rerio 2892:Danio rerio 2736:February 4, 2528:17 November 2456:Danio rerio 2436:19 November 2409:Danio rerio 2263:glial cells 2228:ultraviolet 2064:paracetamol 1887:), Medaka ( 1875:Percomorpha 1789:vertebrates 1692:as well as 1662:CRISPR-Cas9 1649:/β-catenin/ 1608:orthologous 1495:sequences. 1393:microarrays 1369:duplication 1243:, known as 1228:Müller glia 1017:melanocytes 1009:mutagenesis 743:, red, and 670:crustaceans 658:zooplankton 598:Danio rerio 516:Description 501:oxbow lakes 405:. It has a 398:Brachydanio 383:strains. 339:subtropical 331:zebra danio 303:Danio rerio 278:Nuria rerio 211:F. Hamilton 203:Danio rerio 157:Subfamily: 32:Danio rerio 9950:Categories 9854:Q106388306 9556:Drosophila 9549:C. elegans 9523:Neurospora 9214:B003KFCWKS 9093:Sharpe S. 9058:2024-01-26 8972:: 573303. 8921:(91): 91. 8355:Stem Cells 7801:: 159807. 6813:(1): 145. 6520:(ANZMBS) ( 6154:2022-12-05 5121:Lab Animal 4771:2012-06-02 4742:2018-03-09 4215:2012-11-15 3847:2019-06-17 3744:2024-03-05 3718:2018-03-12 3668:Aging Cell 3464:(1): 3–9. 3154:2381/27758 2577:1887/49224 2385:References 2092:absorption 2062:model for 2025:teratology 1991:DNA repair 1976:DNA repair 1970:fluoxetine 1938:Cyprinidae 1899:), Roach ( 1805:homozygous 1783:has three 1702:xenografts 1678:metastasis 1528:morpholino 1508:homeoboxes 1493:nucleotide 1476:vertebrate 1456:D. rerio's 1454:published 1357:expression 1338:Morpholino 1332:or modify 1312:analysis. 1257:hair cells 1177:hair cells 1170:regenerate 1157:homozygous 1116:research, 1098:teratology 1094:toxicology 1036:vertebrate 991:Zebrafish 851:Darjeeling 772:Xanthistic 737:transgenic 654:omnivorous 545:Psychology 522:caudal fin 485:fish farms 481:introduced 460:Kosi River 403:Cyprinidae 381:transgenic 361:teratology 346:vertebrate 316:Cyprinidae 161:Danioninae 151:Cyprinidae 9569:Zebrafish 9425:View the 9120:Zebrafish 9025:Behaviour 7468:264449103 7452:1534-5807 7214:April 28, 7172:: 71–93. 7072:Zebrafish 6980:: 58–70. 6918:March 19, 6734:1359-4184 6674:1527-8204 6614:1753-5123 6546:1436-2228 6516:(JSMB) + 6512:(ESMB) + 6452:1664-302X 6434:Frontiers 6136:1940-3402 5833:0066-4197 5779:0066-4197 5157:227259359 5141:0093-7355 4540:4 October 4142:Molecules 2919:Zebrafish 2560:: 27–34. 2349:studies. 2243:stem cell 2224:cone cell 2130:oncogenes 2096:clearance 1995:Zebrafish 1873:, in the 1863:sea bream 1847:salmonids 1843:taxonomic 1829:parasites 1825:pathogens 1776:Orthology 1770:tetrapods 1713:oestrogen 1458:complete 1442:in 2013. 1415:(NCBI)'s 1341:antisense 1140:has been 1114:stem cell 1023:properly. 929:Tuebingen 925:(SJD/C32) 905:Singapore 887:Indonesia 875:Hong Kong 871:(HK/SING) 681:paramecia 602:ovulation 440:Himalayas 318:) of the 298:zebrafish 179:Species: 107:Kingdom: 101:Eukaryota 9894:10160075 9848:Wikidata 9752:11303984 9708:FishBase 9613:Wikidata 9475:genetics 9428:danRer10 9412:Archived 9371:Archived 9358:Archived 9305:Archived 9287:Archived 9267:June 15, 9261:Archived 9257:BBC News 9245:87708919 9193:15138510 9148:18940475 9140:18248189 9049:Archived 9045:41720603 8998:33015065 8947:30177968 8883:25600250 8838:21829206 8830:23903952 8795:30761080 8741:31828085 8690:33403358 8682:11746460 8646:24931439 8597:11584042 8548:24092878 8499:21303839 8450:16583129 8377:17525239 8336:20878782 8287:24998295 8238:23769806 8187:26324465 8138:24973748 8089:24643219 8048:23468113 8007:24865811 7972:24973749 7923:24188444 7872:22453760 7827:22811714 7776:21366518 7727:22228790 7678:18222541 7635:21948373 7578:17875807 7511:25428361 7503:15647335 7460:37875117 7411:21473762 7352:Archived 7330:21430780 7273:21430779 7208:Archived 7186:21261518 7151:29693322 7102:27632065 7042:26361349 7004:25461724 6955:20166227 6912:Archived 6894:30295906 6845:30644404 6791:33383303 6760:11962425 6752:22641177 6690:19597664 6682:26002061 6622:84107971 6562:23994075 6554:16670967 6522:Springer 6478:13050990 6470:24917852 6402:23798977 6337:19834483 6302:23552219 6253:26566657 6204:31031007 6148:Archived 6144:27698232 6097:14376483 6089:12023297 6040:15366023 5999:15239961 5950:Archived 5919:16357253 5876:10433906 5841:16285859 5787:16285872 5729:11691861 5673:23594743 5606:Archived 5581:Archived 5557:Archived 5539:14500831 5490:22500088 5439:19274045 5394:29049395 5273:18370151 5265:18795247 5218:21923777 5149:33268901 5106:14504264 5065:21271309 5016:31905199 4965:31018142 4924:29938129 4875:24706895 4816:23606225 4765:Archived 4736:Archived 4714:19897725 4696:25593294 4647:17596452 4564:Archived 4534:Archived 4511:25045019 4434:21858002 4394:PLOS ONE 4375:18713863 4316:23151568 4267:20076649 4174:25859781 4112:Archived 4094:19081827 4045:27869769 3994:25678986 3937:19194508 3897:PLOS ONE 3841:Archived 3837:zfin.org 3794:16845369 3738:Archived 3712:Archived 3690:12882339 3628:44120848 3620:29793103 3576:15703261 3522:Archived 3496:11161125 3488:21949597 3439:31510859 3390:46930941 3382:29865471 3347:46739494 3339:28375767 3288:27421709 3253:25092240 3245:12213556 3171:18044956 3163:18093234 3110:FishBase 3021:28 March 3015:Archived 2971:28 March 2965:Archived 2947:34342799 2939:18041940 2868:28 March 2862:Archived 2839:16835593 2817:Heredity 2791:25415969 2730:Archived 2705:18371439 2630:22649227 2522:Archived 2500:21923777 2362:See also 2353:Epilepsy 2323:Diabetes 2259:diabetes 2255:glaucoma 2118:leukemia 2114:melanoma 2011:ketamine 1871:flatfish 1859:sea bass 1781:D. rerio 1766:teleosts 1749:cytosine 1562:endoderm 1558:mesoderm 1554:mutation 1520:dominant 1381:paralogs 1334:splicing 1322:D. rerio 1288:Genetics 1282:Hedgehog 1232:amputate 1209:HER2/neu 1153:staining 1102:genetics 1090:oncology 1082:D. rerio 1071:D. rerio 1028:D. rerio 971:D. rerio 955:(WIK/AB) 899:RIKEN WT 823:(AB/C32) 807:D. rerio 785:and the 699:Oodinium 615:D. rerio 606:spawning 538:anal fin 526:fusiform 497:stagnant 491:Habitats 387:Taxonomy 377:modified 357:oncology 220:Synonyms 147:Family: 121:Chordata 117:Phylum: 111:Animalia 97:Domain: 74:IUCN 3.1 9928:ZooBank 9920:1013626 9881:2362686 9827:1026595 9814:1005914 9726:9797255 9619:Q169444 9563:Xenopus 9492:E. coli 9398:Ensembl 9347:at the 8989:7511771 8938:6110173 8786:6361756 8732:6886339 8637:4697731 8588:1734735 8539:3882056 8490:3097459 8441:3518425 8327:3376642 8278:4206090 8206:Methods 8178:4779130 8129:4073268 7963:4073269 7863:3415172 7818:3395205 7767:3319919 7718:3255542 7643:6914876 7586:8853409 7402:3078894 7321:3759979 7300:Bibcode 7264:3348545 7243:Bibcode 7142:5980533 7093:5124745 7050:1979653 6995:4339096 6885:6358258 6836:6333808 6815:Bibcode 6743:4065652 6526:Bibcode 6461:4040438 6436:: 207. 6393:3689353 6372:Bibcode 6293:5877793 6244:4691745 6195:6570580 5927:2245002 5899:Bibcode 5891:Science 5664:3703927 5643:Bibcode 5555:. GRC. 5481:3303736 5430:2762901 5385:5648102 5343:3972184 5308:3972182 5245:Bibcode 5209:3627301 5188:Bibcode 5056:3075402 5007:6964913 4915:5978899 4866:3986164 4843:Bibcode 4705:2785262 4674:Bibcode 4638:6672216 4502:4177345 4425:3152547 4402:Bibcode 4366:2527938 4343:Bibcode 4294:Bibcode 4258:2020498 4165:6272363 4118:21 June 4085:2597874 4036:5133936 3985:4321749 3964:Bibcode 3928:2633036 3905:Bibcode 3785:1559663 3600:Bibcode 3598:: 1–8. 3479:3178105 3430:7301644 3296:2552608 3194:Bibcode 3078:July 3, 2782:4327152 2696:2292119 2621:6703582 2491:3627301 2470:Bibcode 2332:Obesity 2304:de novo 2247:neurons 2232:teleost 2226:, with 2203:in vivo 2020:in vivo 1867:tilapia 1853:in the 1757:guanine 1753:thymine 1745:adenine 1733:protein 1698:T-cells 1604:melanin 1596:SLC24A5 1546:epiboly 1516:oocytes 1504:T-boxes 1480:protein 1424:project 1421:Ensembl 1241:protein 1224:retinal 1067:alleles 1021:melanin 1015:in its 1013:pigment 961:Hybrids 923:SJD/C32 869:HK/Sing 865:(HK/AB) 857:Ekkwill 845:Cologne 835:(AB/TU) 829:(AB/TL) 749:GloFish 731:Strains 725:GloFish 710:), and 648:Feeding 530:torpedo 464:Western 418:Devario 393:derived 306:) is a 213:, 1822) 167:Genus: 137:Order: 127:Class: 72: ( 9907:163669 9778:166487 9765:163699 9700:BRCDRE 9687:204011 9469:Major 9351:(IGIB) 9335:(CZRC) 9329:(EZRC) 9323:(ZIRC) 9317:(ZFIN) 9298:(IZFS) 9243: 9227:Nature 9212: 9191: 9184:406403 9181: 9146: 9138: 9082: 9043: 8996: 8986: 8945: 8935: 8881: 8836: 8828: 8793: 8783: 8739: 8729: 8688: 8680: 8644: 8634: 8595: 8585: 8546: 8536: 8497: 8487: 8448: 8438: 8375: 8334: 8324: 8285: 8275: 8236: 8185: 8175: 8136: 8126: 8087: 8046: 8036: 8005: 7970: 7960: 7921: 7870: 7860: 7848:(61). 7825: 7815: 7774: 7764: 7725: 7715: 7676: 7641: 7633: 7623: 7584: 7576: 7509: 7501: 7466: 7458: 7450: 7409: 7399: 7385:: 21. 7328: 7318: 7292:Nature 7271: 7261: 7235:Nature 7184: 7149: 7139: 7100: 7090: 7048: 7040: 7002: 6992: 6953: 6892: 6882: 6843: 6833: 6758: 6750: 6740: 6732: 6688: 6680: 6672: 6620: 6612: 6560: 6552: 6544: 6476: 6468: 6458: 6450: 6400: 6390: 6345:771357 6343: 6335: 6300: 6290: 6251: 6241: 6202: 6192: 6142: 6134: 6095: 6087: 6069:& 6065:(10). 6038: 5997: 5925: 5917: 5874: 5839: 5831: 5785: 5777: 5727: 5720:311132 5717: 5671: 5661: 5635:Nature 5537: 5530:206463 5527: 5488: 5478: 5437: 5427: 5415:(25). 5392: 5382: 5341: 5306: 5271: 5263: 5216: 5206: 5155: 5147: 5139: 5104: 5063: 5053: 5014: 5004: 4963: 4922: 4912: 4873: 4863: 4814: 4712: 4702: 4694: 4645: 4635: 4509: 4499: 4432: 4422: 4373: 4363: 4314: 4286:Nature 4265: 4255: 4172: 4162: 4092: 4082: 4043: 4033: 3992: 3982: 3935: 3925: 3815: 3792: 3782: 3688: 3626: 3618: 3574: 3494: 3486: 3476: 3437: 3427: 3388: 3380: 3345: 3337: 3294: 3286: 3251: 3243: 3169: 3161: 2945: 2937: 2837: 2789: 2779: 2703: 2693: 2650:Xinhua 2628: 2618: 2498: 2488: 2316:scales 2257:, and 2173:, and 2138:Nature 2108:Cancer 2094:in or 1879:models 1869:, and 1741:intron 1696:- and 1686:IL2rga 1684:and a 1651:CTNNB1 1600:solute 1592:golden 1526:and a 1524:allele 1440:et al. 1389:genome 1336:using 1138:genome 1055:clones 953:WIK/AB 907:(SING) 889:(INDO) 847:(KOLN) 821:AB/C32 694:shoals 666:larvae 611:clutch 452:Ganges 444:Sutlej 363:, and 312:family 9966:Danio 9915:WoRMS 9889:IRMNG 9868:33HY8 9822:WoRMS 9785:NAS: 9747:IRMNG 9739:49977 9674:3443J 9661:19573 9579:Mouse 9529:Maize 9241:S2CID 9144:S2CID 9052:(PDF) 9041:JSTOR 9021:(PDF) 8834:S2CID 8769:: 6. 8686:S2CID 7639:S2CID 7582:S2CID 7556:Blood 7507:S2CID 7464:S2CID 7046:S2CID 6756:S2CID 6712:(6). 6686:S2CID 6656:(1). 6618:S2CID 6598:Wiley 6596:(4). 6558:S2CID 6508:(4). 6474:S2CID 6341:S2CID 6093:S2CID 5923:S2CID 5815:(1). 5761:(1). 5269:S2CID 5153:S2CID 4692:JSTOR 3624:S2CID 3492:S2CID 3386:S2CID 3343:S2CID 3292:S2CID 3249:S2CID 3167:S2CID 2943:S2CID 2755:Danio 2279:sapje 1960:In a 1950:Danio 1942:Danio 1839:' 1836:Danio 1730:U2AF2 1682:prkdc 1612:nacre 1574:nacre 1512:Danio 1353:bases 1205:BMP-2 1193:TRPV4 1181:Notch 967:Danio 949:(WIK) 943:(TLN) 919:(SJD) 913:(SJA) 893:Nadia 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