3072:
3030:
1975:
employees since Japan only let
Japanese nationals become public employees at that time. Even of those who were able to secure jobs, many ended up working in coal mines, construction sites, and factories under harsh conditions that were markedly worse than those endured by their Japanese counterparts. The disparity was not limited to wages alone; Koreans also faced longer working hours and were subjected to physical abuse by supervisors who enforced strict discipline to maximize productivity. Since many Zainichi Koreans could not get a proper job, they began to get involved in illegal jobs such as "illegal alcohol production, scrap recycling, and racketeering". As a result, many Zainichi Koreans ended up living in slums or hamlets, a situation aided by Japanese real estate agents' refusal to let Zainichi Koreans rent houses.
2110:") published the article, "20 years after the Sakanaka Paper" to assess further development. The article pointed out that in the 1980s, 50% of Zainichi Koreans married Japanese, and in the 1990s, the rate was 80%. (In fact, they quoted only 15–18% Korean marriage during 1990 to 1994.) They also pointed out the change in the law in 1985, which granted Japanese citizenship to a child with either parent being Japanese—previous laws granted citizenship only to a child with a Japanese father. In practice, this would mean that less than 20% of Zainichi marriages would result in Zainichi status. According to the article, since naturalisation is concentrated among the younger generation, the Zainichi population should be expected to collapse once the older generation starts to die out in two decades.
1938:
1455:
2830:
1822:, the pro-South Korean group, the larger and less politically controversial faction. 65% of Zainichi are now said to be affiliated to Mindan. The number of pupils receiving ethnic education from Chongryon-affiliated schools has declined sharply, with many, if not most, Zainichi now opting to send their children to mainstream Japanese schools. Some Chongryon schools have been closed for lack of funding, and there is serious doubt as to the continuing viability of the system as a whole. Mindan has also traditionally operated a school system for the children of its members, although it has always been less widespread and organized compared to its Chongryon counterpart, and is said to be nearly defunct at the present time.
2079:), a Korean-Japanese newspaper, reported that according to statistics from the Japanese Health and Labour ministry, there were 8,376 marriages between Japanese and Koreans. Compared to 1,971 marriages in 1965, when the statistics began, the number has roughly quadrupled, and it now constitutes about 1% of the 730,971 total marriages in Japan. The highest annual number of marriages between Japanese men and Korean women was 8,940, in 1990. Since 1991, it has fluctuated around 6,000 per year. On the other hand, there were 2,335 marriages between Korean men and Japanese women in 2006. It has been stable since the number reached 2,000 per year in 1984.
3058:
1742:. Following its publication, numbers of returnees skyrocketed. The Japanese government was in favour of repatriation as a way to rid the country of ethnic minority residents that were discriminated against and regarded as incompatible with Japanese culture. Though the United States government was initially unaware of Tokyo's cooperation with the repatriation programme, they offered no objection after they were informed of it; the US ambassador to Japan was quoted by his Australian counterpart as describing the Koreans in Japan as, "a poor lot including many Communists and many criminals".
3114:
1097:
1686:
2930:
1327:. As a result, thousands of Koreans migrated or were recruited to work in industries like coal mining. A majority of the immigrants consisted of farmers from the southern part of Korea. The number of Koreans in Japan in 1930 was more than ten times greater than that of 1920, reaching 419,000. However, the jobs they could get on the mainland of Japan were curtailed by open discrimination and largely limited to physical labor due to their poor education; they usually worked alongside other groups of ethnic minorities subject to discrimination, such as
2590:, a Mindan newspaper conducted a survey regarding the use of aliases. 50% of those polled said that they always use an alias, while 13% stated they always use their original name. 33% stated that they use either depending on the situation. In a 1986 survey, over 90% of ethnic Koreans in Japan reported having a Japanese-sounding name in addition to a Korean one. In a 1998 study, 80% stated that they used their Japanese names when in Japanese company, and 30% stated that they used their Japanese names "almost exclusively".
1957:, the Japanese government created laws to support Japanese citizens by giving financial support, providing shelters, etc. However, after the treaty was signed, Zainichi Koreans were no longer counted as Japanese citizens, so they were unable to get any support from the government. They were unable to get an insurance certificate from the government, so it was difficult for them to get any medical care. Without medical insurance, Zainichi Koreans were unable to go to the hospital since the cost of medication was too high.
1918:(currently suspended), a North Korean ferry that is the only regular direct link between North Korea and Japan, is a subject of significant tension, as the ferry is primarily used by Chongryon to send its members to North Korea and to supply North Korea with money and goods donated by the organization and its members. In 2003, a North Korean defector made a statement to the US Senate committee stating that more than 90% of the parts used by North Korea to construct its missiles were brought from Japan aboard the ship.
1946:
1879:, has led to a resurgence of public animosity against Chongryon. Chongryon schools have alleged numerous cases of verbal abuse and physical violence directed against their students and buildings, and Chongryon facilities have been targets of protests and occasional incidents. The Japanese authorities have recently started to crack down on Chongryon, with investigations and arrests for charges ranging from tax evasion to espionage. These moves are usually criticized by Chongryon as acts of political suppression.
903:
2972:
2057:
Therefore, Japanese citizens, especially their parents, largely refused marriage with
Zainichi Koreans. However, there were problems with marriage between Zainichi Koreans, too. As stated in the previous section, Zainichi Koreans were mostly hiding their identity and living as Japanese-presenting people at the time. Because of this, it was very hard for Zainichi Koreans to connect with other people who had the same nationality as them. They were married mostly through arranged marriages supported by Mindan.
2314:. In 2003, the Education Ministry removed the requirement to take the Equivalency Test from graduates of Chinese schools, Mindan-run Korean schools, and international schools affiliated with Western nations and accredited by U.S. and British organizations. However, this did not apply to graduates of Chongryon-run Korean schools, as the minisitry said it could not approve their curricula. The decision was left up to individual universities, 70% of which allowed all Korean school graduates to apply directly.
1105:
2599:
3086:
2900:
4137:(September 26, 2000): "E. Korean residents in Japan 32. The majority of Korean residents, who constitute about one third of the foreign population in Japan, are Koreans (or their descendants) who came to reside in Japan for various reasons during the 36 years (1910–1945) of Japan's rule over Korea and who continued to reside in Japan after having lost Japanese nationality, which they held during the time of Japan's rule, with the enforcement of the San Francisco Peace Treaty (28 April 1952)."
3000:
2095:, published a highly controversial document known as the "Sakanaka Paper". He stated that the assertion by both Mindan and Chongryon that Zainichi are destined to eventually return to Korea is no longer realistic. He further predicted that Zainichi would naturally disappear in the 21st century unless they abandon their link between Korean identity and Korean nationality. He argued that the Japanese government should stop treating Zainichi as temporary residents (with a
2243:
190:
174:
7260:
6923:
1905:
categorically and fiercely denied for many years that the abductions had ever taken place and dismissed rumors of North Korean involvement as an allegedly "racist fantasy". Some of the recent drop in membership of
Chongryon is attributed to ordinary members of Chongryon who may have believed in the party line feeling deeply humiliated and disillusioned upon discovering that they had been used as mouthpieces to deny the crimes of the North Korean government.
860:
6071:
6066:
1588:
7353:
2944:
143:
6675:
6624:
2914:
3137:
849:
2858:
2872:
3044:
2844:
1961:
reveal their identity to the public because when they visited the city hall to provide their fingerprints, their neighbors found out that they were
Zainichi Koreans. Therefore, Zainichi Koreans were forced to reveal their identity to Japanese and faced discrimination from them. This made their lives even more difficult. In order to protect themselves, many Zainichi Koreans protested against this law.
3100:
2986:
2299:, where use of public funds for education by non-public bodies is prohibited. In reality, the schools are in fact partly funded by local authorities, but subsidies are given in the form of special benefits paid to the families of pupils, as opposed to paying the schools directly, in order to avoid a blatant breach of Article 89. It is still much less than the amount received by state schools.
43:
2958:
2886:
3014:
1372:) for civilian labor. Those who were brought to Japan were forced to work in factories, in mines, and as laborers, often under appalling conditions. About 60,000 are estimated to have died between 1939 and 1945. Most of the wartime laborers returned home after the war, but some elected to remain in Japan. 43,000 of those in Karafuto, which had been occupied by the
2020:, and others), and sympathetic Japanese, the social atmosphere for Zainichi in Japan has improved. There are also Koreans living in Japan who try to present themselves as Japanese to avoid discrimination. Most younger Zainichi now speak only Japanese, go to Japanese schools, work for Japanese firms, and increasingly marry Japanese people. Most
1650:" or Hallyu. This cultural phenomenon, encompassing Korean music, television dramas, films, and cuisine, has gained widespread attention not only in Japan but also globally. As a result, there has been an increased appreciation for Korean culture among the Japanese population, leading to greater interest in Zainichi Koreans and their heritage.
1987:) where living conditions were poor, sanitation was inadequate, and access to public services like healthcare and education was severely limited. Korean children faced bullying and discrimination in schools, which often led to high dropout rates and limited their educational and, subsequently, economic opportunities.
1162:). The report included a survey of first generation Koreans' reasons for immigration. The result was 13.3% for conscription, 39.6% for economics, 17.3% for marriage and family, 9.5% for study/academic, 20.2% for other reasons and 0.2% unknown. The survey excluded those who were under 12 when they arrived in Japan.
2310:. This meant pupils of ethnic schools had to complete extra courswork before being allowed to take the exam. In 1999, the requirement was amended so that anyone over a certain age is qualified. Campaigners were not satisfied because this still meant graduates of non-Japanese high schools had to take the
2166:
are exempted from military service and taxes, the South Korean government was reluctant to give them the right to vote, arguing they did not register as residents, though it thought most people agree on granting the right to vote to short-stay South Korean travelers. On the other hand, Zainichi South
2122:
After
Zainichi Koreans lost Japanese nationality, the Immigration Control Act of 1951 and the Alien Registration Law of 1952 required them to be fingerprinted and to carry a certificate of registration as other foreigners did. The Permanent Residents by Accord of 1965 allowed Zainichi Koreans who had
1908:
In March 2006, police raided six
Chongryon-related facilities in an investigation into the circumstances surrounding the June 1980 disappearance of one of the alleged abductees, Tadaaki Hara. Police spokesmen said that the head of Chongryon at the time was suspected of co-operating in his kidnapping.
2294:
One of the issues the schools now face is a lack of funding. The schools were originally set up and run with support from the North Korean government, but this money has now dried up, and with dropping pupil numbers, many schools are facing financial difficulties. The
Japanese government has refused
2113:
The latest figures from Mindan showed that the total population of
Zainichi was 598,219 in 2006 and 593,489 in 2007, and that only 8.9% married another Zainichi in 2006. There were 1,792 births and 4,588 deaths, resulting in a 2,796 natural decrease. On top of that, there were 8,531 naturalisations,
1974:
Furthermore, it was hard for the
Zainichi Koreans to get a job due to discrimination. Zainichi Koreans were often forced into low-wage labor, lived in segregated communities, and faced barriers to their cultural and social practices. Especially, it was very hard for Zainichi Koreans to become public
1672:
Furthermore, economic opportunities have also contributed to a recent influx of Korean newcomers to Japan. Despite historical tensions between the two countries, Japan remains an attractive destination for many South
Koreans seeking employment and business prospects. The close geographical proximity
5454:
Kimpara, S., Ishida, R., Ozawa, Y., Kajimura, H., Tanaka, H. and Mihashi, O. (1986) Nihon no Naka no Kankoku-Chosenjin, Chugokujin: Kanagawa-kennai Zaiju Gaikokujin Jittai Chosa yori (Koreans and Chinese Inside Japan: Reports from a Survey on Foreign Residents of Kanagawa Prefecture), Tokyo: Akashi
2052:
Though there are a few cases of celebrities who naturalize with their Korean name, the majority of naturalized Zainichi Koreans formally choose a name that is both read and appears ethnically Japanese. This supports the aforementioned cultural implication of naturalisation, leading some to take the
2044:
of Zainichi into Japan. About 4,000 to 5,000 Koreans naturalize in Japan every year out of slightly less than 480,000. Naturalization carries a crucial cultural aspect in Japan, as both Mindan and Chongryon link Korean ethnic identity to Korean nationality, and Japanese and South Korean nationality
1866:
For a long time, Chongryon enjoyed unofficial immunity from searches and investigations, partly because authorities were reluctant to carry out any actions which could provoke not only accusations of xenophobia but lead to an international incident. Chongryon has long been suspected of a variety of
2225:
assimilation. In November 2011, the South Korean government moved to register Zainichi Koreans as voters in South Korean elections, a move which attracted few registrants. While Mindan-affiliated Zainichi Koreans have pressed for voting rights in Japan, they have very little interest in becoming a
1676:
Japan's aging population and labor shortages in certain industries have created demand for foreign workers, including Koreans. Many Korean nationals have sought employment opportunities in sectors such as manufacturing, technology, healthcare, and hospitality, contributing to Japan's workforce and
1446:, and said the Japanese government would pay all of the cost. Yoshida stated that it was unfair for Japan to purchase food for illegal Zainichi Koreans, claiming that they did not contribute to the Japanese economy and that they supposedly committed political crimes by cooperating with communists.
2216:
to do so, and there is considerable public and political opposition against granting voting rights to those who have not yet adopted Japanese nationality. Instead, the requirements for naturalization have been steadily lowered for Zainichi to the point that only criminal records or affiliation to
2154:
benefits was granted in 1954, followed by access to the national health insurance structures (1960s) and state pensions (1980s). There is some doubt over the legality of some of these policies, as the Public Assistance Law, which governs social welfare payments, is seen to apply only to "Japanese
1623:
was held, the Japanese government had a visa waiver program with South Korea for a limited period under the condition that the visitor's purpose was sightseeing or business, and later extended it permanently. Korean enclaves tend to exclude newcomers from existing Korean organizations, especially
4450:
The motives behind the official enthusiasm for repatriation are clearly revealed by Masutaro Inoue, who described Koreans in Japan as being "very violent," "in dark ignorance," and operating as a "Fifth Column" in Japanese society. ... Inoue is reported as explaining that the Japanese government
2680:
There has been improvement in the working rights of Zainichi Koreans since the 1970s. For example, foreigners including Zainichi Koreans were previously not allowed to become lawyers in Japan, but Kim Kyung Deok became the first Zainichi Korean lawyer in 1979. As of 2018, there are more than 100
2146:
and are granted special rights and privileges compared to other foreigners, especially in matters such as re-entry and deportation statutes. These privileges were originally given to residents with South Korean nationality in 1965, and were extended in 1991 to cover those who have retained their
1960:
Another problem caused by this treaty was that the Japanese government created a law which stated that Korean residents in Japan had to be fingerprinted since Zainichi Koreans had two names (their original name and a name given by the Japanese government). Under this law, Zainichi Koreans had to
1170:
While some families can currently trace their ancestry back to pre-modern Korean immigrants, many families were absorbed into Japanese society and as a result, they are not considered a distinct group. The same is applicable to those families which are descended from Koreans who entered Japan in
2056:
During the post-World War II period, many Zainichi Koreans married with other Zainichi Koreans, and it was a rare case for them to intermarry with Japanese citizens. This was because of Japanese xenophobic prejudice against Zainichi Koreans due to stigma stemming from decades of discrimination.
2048:
In order to be naturalized as Japanese citizens, Zainichi Koreans previously had to go through multiple, complex steps, requiring collection of information about their family and ancestors stretching back ten generations. This information could be collected through a Korean organization such as
1749:, the North was initially a far more popular destination for repatriation than the South. Approximately 70,000 Zainichi repatriated to North Korea during a two-year period from 1960 through 1961. However, as word came back of difficult conditions in the North and with the 1965 normalization of
2695:
The earliest Japanese films featuring Koreans in Japan often depicted Koreans as members of the peripheral society, rather than as main characters. It wasn't until after the Second World War that films visualized the struggles and oppression experienced by Zainichi Koreans, with films such as
1904:
Financial Affairs Committee that the agency was investigating Chongryon for suspected illicit transfers of funds to the North. The image of Chongryon was further tarnished by North Korea's surprise 2002 admission that it had indeed abducted Japanese nationals in the 1970s, even after it had
1990:
Despite these adversities, the Zainichi community has fought for their rights and has seen gradual improvements in their status in Japan. Changes in legal and social recognition began to emerge towards the late 20th century, influenced by both domestic advocacy by human rights groups and
1834:
operation of about 60 ethnic Korean schools across Japan, initially partly funded by the North Korean government, in which lessons are conducted in Korean. They maintain a strong pro-North Korean ideology, which has sometimes come under criticism from pupils, parents, and the public
926:(February 1932), removal of restrictions of civil recruit from the Korean Peninsula (September 1939), public recruit from the Korean Peninsula (March 1942), labor conscription from the Korean Peninsula (September 1944), the end of WWII and the beginning of repatriation (1945), the
1126:
and increased dramatically after 1920. During World War II, a large number of Koreans were also conscripted by Japan. Another wave of migration started after South Korea was devastated by the Korean War in the 1950s. Also noteworthy was the large number of refugees from the
2306:, which qualifies those who have not graduated from a regular high school to apply for a place in a state university and take an entrance exam. Until recently, only those who had completed compulsory education (i.e., up to junior high school) were entitled to take the
5030:日本の厚生労働省の調べによると、2006年だけで、韓国・朝鮮籍所有者と日本国籍者の間で結ばれた婚姻件数は8376件を数える。調査を開始した1965年の1971件に比べ、およそ4倍で、日本国内全体の婚姻件数73万971件のうち、約1%を占めている。在日韓国・朝鮮人女性と日本人男性間の婚姻件数が最も多かったのは90年の8940件。91年以降は6000件前後に留まっており、06年末現在では6041件を数えた。 半面、韓国・朝鮮人男性と日本人女性間の婚姻件数は06年末現在で2335件。1984年に2000件を超えて以来、ほぼ横ばい状態だ。
2556:, as their legal name. Traditionally, Zainichi Koreans have used Japanese-style names in public, but some Zainichi Koreans, including celebrities and professional athletes, use their original Korean names. Well-known ethnic Koreans who use Japanese names include
3365:
1753:, the popularity of repatriation to the North dropped sharply, though the trickle of returnees to the North continued as late as 1984. In total, 93,340 people migrated from Japan to North Korea under the repatriation programme; an estimated 6,000 were
1669:, have garnered massive followings in Japan, garnering interest in Korean entertainment. Similarly, Korean dramas and films have found a dedicated audience in Japan, contributing to the normalization of Korean culture within mainstream Japanese media.
4451:
wanted to "rid itself of several tens of thousands of Koreans who are indigent and vaguely communist, thus at a stroke resolving security problems and budgetary problems (because of the sums of money currently being dispensed to impoverished Koreans)
1778:
The repatriations have been the subject of numerous creative works in Japan, due to the influence they had on the Zainichi Korean community. One documentary film about a family whose sons repatriated while the parents and daughter remained in Japan,
1048:
The Japanese word "Zainichi" itself means a foreign citizen "staying in Japan", and implies temporary residence. Nevertheless, the term "Zainichi Korean" is used to describe settled permanent residents of Japan, both those who have retained their
3391:
1978:
In addition to labor exploitation and housing discrimination, Koreans also endured significant social discrimination. They were segregated into specific neighborhoods, commonly referred to as "Korean Towns," (which still exist today in
1498:
of 2 May 1947 ruled that Koreans and some Taiwanese were to be provisionally treated as foreign nationals. Given the lack of a single, unified government on the Korean Peninsula, Koreans were provisionally registered under the name of
1867:
criminal acts on behalf of North Korea, such as illegal transfer of funds to North Korea and espionage, but no action has been taken. However, recently escalating tensions between Japan and North Korea over a number of issues, namely
1850:
and a home-coming movement to North Korea in the late 1950s, which it hailed as a socialist "Paradise on Earth", with some 90,000 Zainichi Koreans and their Japanese spouses moving to the North before the migration eventually died
1462:
Immediately following the end of World War II, there were roughly 2.4 million Koreans in Japan; the majority repatriated to their ancestral homes in the southern half of the Korean Peninsula, leaving only 650,000 in Japan by 1946.
3583:
3311:
3361:
2049:
Mindan, but with their prohibitively expensive cost, many were unable to afford it. However, these processes have become much easier, and today, it is easier for Zainichi Koreans to naturalize into Japanese citizens.
7971:
1817:
was the dominant Zainichi group, and in some ways remains more politically significant today in Japan. However, the widening disparity between the political and economic conditions of the two Koreas has since made
1360:. In 1944, the Japanese authorities extended the mobilization of Japanese civilians for labor on the Korean peninsula. Of the 5,400,000 Koreans conscripted, about 670,000 were taken to mainland Japan (including
2677:, and that some of them are bosses of branches. However, the member went on to say that Korean gang members tend to go to China and Southeast Asia, as these countries are more lucrative for them than Japan.
1045:, distinguishing them from the later wave of Korean migrants who came mostly in the 1980s, and from pre-modern immigrants dating back to antiquity who may themselves be the ancestors of the Japanese people.
5980:
5464:
Japanese Alias vs. Real Ethnic Name: On Naming Practices among Young Koreans in Japan. Yasunori Fukuoka (Saitama University, Japan). ISA XIV World Congress of Sociology (July 26 – August 1, 1998, Montreal,
2317:
Due to the issues described above, the number of students at Korean schools run by Chongryon has declined by 67%, and many of the children of Zainichi Koreans now choose to go to orthodox Japanese schools.
7941:
63:
Scope of article and lead are misleading. Multiple groups of Koreans exist in Japan, one of which arrived after 1945. The title of the article implies encompassing all groups, not just the 1945 and before
1965:
and many Zainichi Koreans opposed this law, but the law wasn't repealed until 1993. Until then, Zainichi Koreans could not escape from the social discrimination which they had faced in Japanese society.
1629:
2032:
nationality or heritage and lead average lives alongside other Japanese. This, as well as marriage to Japanese nationals, is leading to a sharp decrease in the original "Zainichi" population in Japan.
3387:
5733:
2801:
parlors; the book explores themes of belonging, nationality, and longstanding political debates about discrimination and xenophobia against Koreans in Japan. The novel has been made into a limited
4130:
2234:
for its part opposes moves to allow Zainichi Koreans to participate in Japanese politics, on the grounds that they assimilate Koreans into Japanese society and thus weaken Korean ethnic identity.
1376:
just before Japan's surrender, were refused repatriation to either mainland Japan or the Korean Peninsula, and were thus trapped in Sakhalin, stateless; they became the ancestors of the
1093:
were registered as permanent or non-permanent residents of Japan in 2023. Below, two statistics on the numbers of foreign residents living in Japan are displayed, one map and one chart:
2359:. Alternatively, they may go to a normal school in Japan taught in Japanese. Most Koreans who have lived in Japan since they were born, however, go to normal schools even if there is a
1218:). While some families today can ultimately trace their ancestry to the immigrants, they were generally absorbed into Japanese society and are not considered a distinct modern group.
4148:
3315:
2127:
passed the Special Law on Immigration Control and categorized Zainichi Koreans who have lived without any gap since the end of World War II or before and their lineal descendants as
7890:
3573:
1600:
935:
2193:
has been campaigning for the right to vote in elections for prefectural and municipal assemblies, mayors, and prefecture governors, backed by the South Korean government. In 1997,
1925:
in July 2006 deepened the divide, with Chongryon refusing to condemn the missile tests, expressing only its regret that the Japanese government has suspended the operation of the
1882:
In December 2001, police raided Chongryon's Tokyo headquarters and related facilities to investigate Chongryon officials' suspected role in embezzlement of funds from the failed
1214:(538–710 CE) periods, there was some flow of people from the Korean Peninsula, both as immigrants and long-term visitors, notably a number of clans in the Kofun period (see
1646:
In recent years, there has been a noticeable shift in the perception of Zainichi Koreans in Japan, largely influenced by the growing popularity of Korean culture, known as the "
5199:
4385:
2189:
There have also been campaigns to allow Zainichi Koreans to take up government employment and participate in elections, which are open to Japanese nationals only. Since 1992,
1471:
7908:
1830:
Out of the two Korean organizations in Japan, the pro-North Chongryon has been the more militant in terms of retaining Koreans' ethnic identity. Its policies have included:
2706:, which addressed the bigotry and xenophobia experienced by Zainichi in Japan. The first film to present the Zainichi experience from a Zainichi director was the 1975 film
1615:
Starting in 1980, South Korea allowed its students to study abroad freely; starting in 1987, people older than forty-four were allowed to travel abroad. One year after the
1603:
and recognized the South Korean government as the only legitimate government of the peninsula. Those Koreans in Japan who did not apply for South Korean citizenship kept
7977:
7729:
5763:
3547:
The same threat hung over thousands more who had arrived as refugees from the massacres that followed the April 3, 1948, uprising on Jeju Island and from the Korean War.
3412:
Hester, Jeffry T. (2008). "Datsu Zainichi-ron: An emerging discourse on belonging among Ethnic Koreans in Japan". In Nelson H. H.; Ertl, John; Tierney, R. Kenji (eds.).
1883:
5481:
5699:
3071:
2150:
Over the decades, Zainichi Koreans have been campaigning to regain their Japanese citizenship rights without having to adopt Japanese nationality. The right to claim
5794:
5333:
1580:, the pro-North organisation was made illegal, but it re-formed under various guises and went on to form the "General Association of Korean Residents in Japan", or
1175:. Trade with Korea continued to modern times, with Japan also periodically receiving missions from Korea, though this activity was often limited to specific ports.
1847:
opposition to Zainichi Koreans' right to vote or participate in Japanese elections, which is seen as an unacceptable attempt at assimilation into Japanese society;
3997:
6320:
1584:, in 1955. This organisation kept to its socialist, and by extension pro-North stance, and enjoyed the active financial support of the North Korean government.
1565:, in which Japan formally abandoned its territorial claim to the Korean Peninsula, and as a result, Zainichi Koreans formally lost their Japanese nationality.
1558:), the official name of the new nation. Following this, from 1950 onwards, Zainichi Koreans were allowed to voluntarily re-register their nationality as such.
6342:
6257:
3930:
2045:
laws do not allow multiple citizenship for adults. By their definition, opting for a Japanese passport means becoming Japanese, rather than Korean-Japanese.
6277:
4215:
1340:, the Japanese government tried to reduce the number of Koreans immigrating to Japan. To accomplish this, the Japanese government devoted resources to the
1041:, who are ethnic Korean permanent residents of Japan. The term Zainichi Korean refers only to long-term Korean residents of Japan who trace their roots to
5721:
4726:
The Home-coming Movement Seen from North Korea: An Interview with Mr. Oh Gi-Wan, the Former Member of the Reception Committee for Japan's Korean Returnees
4190:
7298:
6373:
6252:
5503:
4127:
1400:
also increased the illegal immigration to Japan. It is estimated that between 1946 and 1949, 90% of illegal immigrants to Japan were Koreans. During the
4880:
Tsutsui, K., & Shin, H. J. (2008). "Global Norms, Local Activism, and Social Movement Outcomes: Global Human Rights and Resident Koreans in Japan".
4816:
5825:
4697:
3505:
5550:
3869:
1388:
Koreans entered Japan illegally post-World War II due to an unstable political and economic situation in Korea, with 20,000 to 40,000 Koreans fleeing
6267:
1771:. One returnee who later defected back to Japan, known only by his Japanese pseudonym Kenki Aoyama, worked for North Korean intelligence as a spy in
1697:
began to receive official support from the Japanese government as early as 1956. A North Korean-sponsored repatriation programme with support of the
31:
5660:
4785:
4597:
6961:
3800:
1638:
1634:
2355:, which receive sponsorship from South Korea and are operated by Mindan. Koreans who live in Japan and support South Korea are likely to attend a
1653:
The Korean Wave has played a significant role in bridging cultural gaps and fostering greater acceptance of Zainichi Koreans in Japanese society.
990:, or who are descendants of those immigrants. They are a group distinct from South Korean nationals who have immigrated to Japan since the end of
7739:
6549:
5076:
3738:
3616:
5284:
4837:
4258:
1929:. Outraged senior Mindan officials joined mainstream Japanese politicians and media in sharply criticizing Chongryon's silence over the matter.
1702:
7861:
6612:
5639:
1844:
operation of businesses and banks to provide the necessary jobs, services, and social networks for Zainichi Koreans outside mainstream society;
744:
4237:
3643:"The Uneven Recruitment of Korean Miners in Japan in the 1910s and 1920s: Employment Strategies of the Miike and Chikuhō Coalmining Companies"
7983:
5975:
5111:
939:
5144:
3960:
7914:
5914:
FCCJ (The Foreign Correspondents' Club of Japan) Mr. Suganuma of former Public Security Investigation Agency tells it about Zainichi Korean
4464:
4163:
7784:
7336:
7213:
1876:
1261:
3337:
3029:
2123:
lived in Japan since the colonial period to apply for permanent residency, but their descendants could not. Twenty-six years later, the
8024:
6590:
5913:
4864:
4569:
889:
4756:
7836:
6024:
5191:
4434:
4274:
2175:
concluded all South Korean nationals don't have the right to vote in South Korea if they are permanent residents of other countries.
5426:
4377:
3450:
1673:
and strong economic ties between Japan and South Korea have facilitated increased migration and investment between the two nations.
7521:
4621:
4591:"2006 Sundance Film Festival announces awards for documentary and dramatic films in independent film and world cinema competitions"
2212:
However, the Japanese Diet has not yet passed a resolution regarding this matter, despite several attempts by a section within the
5361:
5220:
3705:
7856:
7291:
5949:
3764:
1443:
863:
5969:
5395:
4651:
2663:
Some Zainichi Koreans participate in organized crime, as do people in other segments of the population. A former member of the
1921:
In May 2006, Chongryon and the pro-South Mindan agreed to reconcile, only for the agreement to break down the following month.
7769:
5755:
2681:
Zainichi Korean lawyers in Japan, and some of them have worked as members of LAZAK (Lawyers Association of Zainichi Koreans).
2612:
parlors, restaurants/bars, and construction. Discrimination against Zainichi Koreans in hiring has pushed many into so-called
1953:
During the post-World War II period, Zainichi Koreans faced various kinds of discrimination from Japanese society. Due to the
7734:
7613:
6128:
5993:"From Korea to Kyoto; Chapter One of Community, Democracy, and Performance: the Urban Practice of Kyoto's Higashi-Kujo Madang
5897:
5878:
4957:
4914:
4537:
4340:
4112:
3485:
3425:
4515:
3847:
7667:
6954:
5931:
5689:
5579:
3217:
5169:
30:"Zainichi" redirects here. The word "Zainichi" refers in general to foreign citizens residing in Japan. For the book, see
7511:
5986:
5925:
5786:
5310:
2139:
Long-term ethnic Korean residents of Japan who have not taken up Japanese nationality currently have the legal status of
1897:
1872:
5260:
2797:
tells the story of several generations of Zainichi Koreans and the prevailing stereotype within Japan about Koreans and
1454:
8019:
7714:
7284:
6605:
6297:
5008:
4973:
4728:
3986:
3535:
2163:
2140:
2128:
2096:
2028:
or marriage. Those who have already established their lives increasingly do not choose to retain their South Korean or
652:
5285:"Child Research Net CRN – Child Research in Japan & Asia – Recent Research on Japanese Children – Ed-Info Japan –"
8029:
5859:
3830:
2213:
1937:
1888:
1576:(League of Koreans in Japan), the main Korean residents' organisation, which had a socialist ideology. Following the
1476:
1313:
923:
86:
68:
5722:"Koreans in Japan : a Struggle for Acceptance, Law School International Immersion Program Papers, No. 2 (2016)"
5358:"'Center of Ethnic Education' Tokyo Korea School, Tokyo Kankoku gakko, 'When we need more support from South Korea'"
3561:在日本大韓民国青年会 『アボジ聞かせて あの日のことを — 我々の歴史を取り戻す運動報告書 — 』「徴兵・徴用13.3%」「その他20.2%」、「不明0.2%」「経済的理由39.6%」「結婚・親族との同居17.3%」「留学9.5%」
7826:
7631:
1901:
734:
3922:
8009:
7851:
7846:
7489:
7264:
6947:
6580:
3202:
3197:
3150:
2295:
Chongryon's requests that it fund ethnic schools in line with regular Japanese schools, citing Article 89 of the
1922:
708:
17:
4909:. RoutledgeCurzon studies in Asia's transformations (Transferred to digital print ed.). London: Routledge.
2723:
was the first to receive critical acclaim, earning several best film awards in 1993. In 2001, Zainichi director
2221:
would be a hindrance for naturalization. Both Zainichi organisations oppose this, as both see naturalization as
1709:
1423:
secured the border with Korea, but apprehending illegal immigrants was difficult because they were armed, while
7831:
5475:
4056:
4021:昭和25年11月01日 8-衆-外務委「朝鮮人の密入国は 対馬を基点といたしまして、その周辺の各県にまたがる地域が圧倒的数字を示しており、 大体全国総数の七割ないし八割が同方面によつて占められているという状況であります。」
3578:
3222:
3207:
2829:
2646:
2613:
2485:
1754:
1297:
1123:
882:
799:
489:
415:
132:
121:
5610:
5518:
3477:
1005:, due to many Koreans assimilating into the general Japanese population. The majority of Koreans in Japan are
907:
8014:
7419:
6927:
6598:
6470:
6440:
6017:
4813:
2172:
7332:
5817:
4793:
4701:
3501:
7704:
7465:
7183:
7166:
6908:
6729:
6505:
6231:
6123:
5542:
3879:
1397:
647:
617:
7805:
7455:
7450:
3840:"Statistics of Democide: Chapter 3 – Statistics Of Japanese Democide Estimates, Calculations, And Sources"
1300:, Korean students and asylum seekers started to come to Japan, including Korean politicians and activists
7724:
7239:
6903:
5756:"Discrimination Against Koreans in Japan: Japan's Violation of its International Human Rights Obligation"
5668:
4590:
3950:昭和27年02月27日 13-参-地方行政委 鈴木一の発言 「一昨年の十月から入国管理庁が発足いたしまして約一年間の間に三千百九十名という朝鮮人を送り帰しておる。今の密入国の大半は、九〇%は朝鮮人でございます」
2724:
2698:
2168:
2092:
1312:. There were about 800 Koreans living in Japan before Japan annexed Korea. In 1910, as the result of the
1074:
947:
6620:
5998:
Migration patterns of Korean residents in Ikuno ward, Osaka – Japanese Journal of Human Geography (人文地理)
5997:
5760:
United Nations Human Rights Council: Universal Periodic Review Third Cycle – Japan – Reference Documents
4952:. Global, area, and international archive (Nachdr. ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press.
3792:
7896:
6779:
6455:
6282:
5943:
5504:"The Study on Categorization of Japanese-Korean Entrepreneurs by their Motivation for Entrepreneurship"
5224:
4080:
3232:
2628:
industry is shrinking, because the Japanese government has imposed stricter regulations. The number of
1767:
1592:
1562:
624:
1323:
In the 1920s, the demand for labor in Japan was high while Koreans had difficulty finding jobs in the
7307:
6363:
5288:
4841:
4299:
4266:
1797:
1353:
1194:
some Korean influence, though whether this was accompanied by immigration from Korea is debated (see
1061:
nationalities, and even sometimes includes Japanese citizens of Korean descent who acquired Japanese
1042:
875:
762:
612:
58:
5631:
5042:
4683:
4622:"1970, South Korea refused forced displacement of Korean residents in Japan who perpetrated a crime"
4496:
2099:) and start providing a proper legal framework for their permanent settlement as "Korean Japanese".
7841:
7385:
7379:
6888:
6533:
6118:
6091:
6010:
4363:
4229:
3212:
3192:
2963:
2818:
2425:
2268:
2247:
2183:
1725:
1470:
left the nationality status of Koreans and Taiwanese in an ambiguous position in terms of law. The
657:
563:
292:
7367:
5101:
5065:
4051:. Sodei, Rinjirō, 1932–, 袖井林二郎, 1932– (Shohan ed.). Tōkyō: Hōsei Daigaku Shuppankyoku. 2000.
3727:
3605:
3385:
1861:
1277:
7947:
7884:
7161:
6704:
6694:
6417:
6054:
5959:
4538:"Legal Categories, Demographic Change and Japan's Korean Residents in the Long Twentieth Century"
3964:
3271:
3252:
2769:
creatives have used the Zainichi experience to parse their own experience as part of the greater
1954:
1002:
7531:
5133:
4744:
4128:
United Nations International Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Racial Discrimination
3057:
1701:(The General Association of Korean Residents in Japan) officially began in 1959. In April 1959,
7965:
7595:
7173:
7070:
6970:
6878:
6800:
6564:
6559:
4468:
3187:
3177:
1786:
1758:
6049:
4629:
4332:
3417:
2287:. The textbooks include an idealized depiction of the economic development of North Korea and
1154:) published a report titled, "Father, tell us about that day. Report to reclaim our history" (
7959:
7935:
7694:
7619:
7178:
6893:
6873:
6805:
6689:
6500:
6495:
4670:
4483:
3333:
2499:
2296:
2041:
1750:
1524:
In 1948, the northern and southern parts of Korea declared independence individually, making
1096:
590:
503:
429:
4861:
4559:
4100:
1994:
Zainichi today have established a stable presence in Japan after years of activism. Through
1260:
Some Koreans entered Japan in captivity as a result of pirate raids or during the 1592–1598
1215:
7583:
7570:
7558:
7342:
6857:
6759:
6719:
6628:
6422:
6347:
6287:
6262:
6209:
6176:
6146:
6103:
5382:
4764:
2802:
2741:
1745:
Despite the fact that 97% of the Zainichi Koreans originated from the southern half of the
1616:
1409:
943:
774:
7795:
7118:
4438:
4271:
3286:
3113:
1792:
Some Zainichi Koreans have gone to South Korea to study or to settle. For example, author
8:
7652:
7607:
7149:
6754:
6744:
6699:
6647:
6330:
6292:
6272:
6226:
6214:
6161:
5434:
3442:
3182:
2919:
2587:
2206:
1533:
1361:
739:
305:
2929:
1685:
7902:
7759:
7625:
7576:
6841:
6836:
6709:
6664:
6642:
6490:
6450:
6405:
6304:
6204:
5790:
5357:
5228:
4350:
4209:
4074:
3672:
2719:
2577:
2194:
1694:
1428:
6674:
5987:
Testing Tolerance: Fallout from North Korea's Nuclear Program Hits Minorities in Japan
4323:"Mapping Out the Cultural Politics of 'the Korean Wave' in Contemporary South Korea".
3775:
3697:
1466:
Japan's defeat in the war and the end of its colonization of the Korean Peninsula and
1404:, Korean immigrants came to Japan to avoid torture or murder at the hands of dictator
1065:
by naturalization or by birth from one or both parents who have Japanese citizenship.
7866:
7719:
7373:
7208:
6820:
6810:
6724:
6659:
6460:
6445:
6236:
6171:
6151:
6108:
6041:
5893:
5874:
5855:
5400:
5329:
5177:
4953:
4910:
4740:
4415:
4336:
4108:
4062:
4052:
3901:
3826:
3676:
3664:
3481:
3421:
3091:
2632:
parlors decreased by 9–10% between 2012 and 2016, while the number of people playing
2580:
2263:
1572:, the Korean Residents Union in Japan, was set up in 1946 as a pro-South offshoot of
1532:(South Korea) made a request to the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers, then the
1529:
1439:
1424:
1420:
1155:
1147:
995:
720:
280:
53:
7601:
5632:"<在日社会> 在日新世紀・新たな座標軸を求めて 23 ― 高級焼肉店「叙々苑」経営この道ひと筋50年 新井泰道さん ― | 在日社会 | ニュース | 東洋経済日報"
5405:
4659:
3172:
2624:
since 1993, and Zainichi Koreans have accounted for 90% of such sales. However, the
809:
7810:
7552:
7495:
7060:
6795:
6749:
6714:
6465:
6412:
6337:
6325:
6199:
6156:
6113:
6086:
5572:"パチンコ業界、本格的衰退が始まった…各社軒並み売上激減、「出玉規制」が追い打ち – ビジネスジャーナル/Business Journal | ビジネスの本音に迫る"
5325:
4885:
4328:
3654:
3247:
2789:
2766:
2732:
2561:
2352:
2198:
2197:
became the first municipality to hire a Korean national. So far, three prefectures—
1984:
1746:
1438:, the prime minister of Japan, proposed the deportation of all Zainichi Koreans to
1431:
after World War II. During this period, one-fifth of the immigrants were arrested.
1377:
1341:
1324:
1245:
1172:
768:
675:
353:
317:
267:
263:
4981:
4974:"Caste, Ethnicity and Nationality: Japan Finds Plenty of Space for Discrimination"
4938:(Present lives and Future of Zainichi Koreans). Tokyo: Hirakawa Print Press, 1994.
4545:
2703:
2178:
Zainichi North Koreans are allowed to vote and theoretically eligible to stand in
2171:
guarantees anyone having South Korean nationality the right to vote. In 2007, the
1945:
1195:
1001:
They currently constitute the second largest ethnic minority group in Japan after
7689:
7564:
7396:
7317:
7253:
7123:
7096:
7050:
6774:
6368:
6166:
6098:
6033:
5963:
4868:
4820:
4732:
4625:
4278:
4134:
3874:
3839:
3276:
3227:
3063:
2977:
2971:
2779:
2770:
2690:
2272:
2202:
2025:
1914:
1739:
1541:
1435:
1416:
1317:
1309:
1235:
1139:
973:
902:
820:
781:
288:
7800:
7774:
7390:
6984:
5571:
4511:
3386:
Statistics Bureau, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (July 2021).
3167:
1980:
1693:
Repatriation of Zainichi Koreans from Japan conducted under the auspices of the
680:
255:
7953:
7682:
7672:
7589:
7516:
7460:
7434:
7223:
7218:
7193:
7144:
6815:
6769:
6764:
6739:
5753:
4033:
3527:
2949:
2759:
2746:
2657:
2653:
2557:
2523:
2344:
2151:
2021:
2013:
1781:
1762:
1577:
1501:
986:
who immigrated to Japan before 1945 and are citizens or permanent residents of
934:(June 1950), the Home-coming Movement to North Korea (December 1959–1983), the
814:
5381:
Zainichi (Koreans in Japan): Diasporic Nationalism and Postcolonial Identity.
3659:
3642:
3085:
2899:
1604:
1316:, Japan annexed Korea, and all Korean people became part of the nation of the
642:
8003:
7942:
The Korean Council for the Women Drafted for Military Sexual Slavery by Japan
7925:
7779:
7764:
7485:
7128:
7101:
7091:
7020:
5249:
4889:
4658:. Niigata University of International and Information Studies. Archived from
3668:
3281:
3035:
3005:
2863:
2835:
2670:
2124:
1568:
The division on the Korean Peninsula led to division among Koreans in Japan.
1458:
Dates of entrance or birth of Korean residents in Japan as of the end of 1958
1393:
1249:
1128:
1104:
927:
804:
7972:
Women's International War Crimes Tribunal on Japan's Military Sexual Slavery
7276:
5002:
4950:
Zainichi (Koreans in Japan): diasporic nationalism and postcolonial identity
4725:
4066:
2999:
2598:
2302:
Another issue is an examination called the High School Equivalency Test, or
1227:
7677:
7424:
7401:
7198:
7055:
7010:
6989:
4378:"Japan's Declining Population: Clearly a Problem, But What's the Solution?"
3155:
3142:
3119:
3049:
2891:
2877:
2849:
2750:
2621:
2131:. The fingerprint requirement for Zainichi Koreans was terminated by 1993.
2017:
1405:
1389:
1373:
1357:
1337:
1301:
1211:
1207:
1187:
991:
853:
826:
726:
325:
6898:
2991:
1528:, or the old undivided Korea, a defunct nation. The new government of the
1134:
Statistics regarding Zainichi immigration are scarce. However, in 1988, a
7526:
7086:
6939:
6400:
5818:"Pachinko by Min Jin Lee review – rich story of the immigrant experience"
5106:
3266:
3242:
3237:
3105:
2784:
2736:
2569:
2565:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2255:
2251:
2242:
2227:
2218:
2179:
2159:
2158:
There has been discussion about Zainichi South Koreans' right to vote in
2040:
One of the most pressing issues of the Zainichi community is the rate of
2003:
1868:
1647:
1305:
1281:
1062:
1058:
1054:
914:(October 1925), opening of independent travel service by Koreans between
906:
Restrictions of passage from the Korean Peninsula (April 1919–1922), the
195:
179:
168:
434,461 (only including Korean citizens living in Japan in December 2023)
5950:
Selection of articles on Koreans in Japan from pro-DPRK "People's Korea"
4435:"Japan's Hidden Role In The 'Return' Of Zainichi Koreans To North Korea"
7657:
7536:
7429:
7065:
5992:
4654:[Portrait of a Foreigner's World in Seoul: Yuhi by Yi Yangji)]
4419:
3160:
2935:
2806:
2774:
2714:
2271:. All lessons and all conversations within the school are conducted in
1793:
1587:
1401:
1273:
931:
831:
685:
333:
6070:
6065:
7878:
7045:
7025:
6554:
6528:
4737:
Bulletin of Faculty of Education, Nagasaki University. Social science
2943:
2754:
2231:
2008:
1999:
1995:
1814:
1698:
1666:
1620:
1581:
1329:
915:
715:
5050:
1573:
7662:
7642:
7154:
7030:
6994:
6652:
5600:
4564:
4191:"成長期を迎えた巨大旅行市場『中国』へのアプローチ(2) 2009/01/23(金) 13:56:13 [サーチナ]"
3099:
2641:
2608:
1365:
1285:
1184:
142:
7789:
6002:
5754:
Lawyers Association of Zainichi Koreans (LAZAK) (March 30, 2017).
3362:"在留外国人統計(旧登録外国人統計) 在留外国人統計 月次 2023年6月 | ファイル | 統計データを探す"
2275:. They teach a strong pro-North Korean ideology and allegiance to
7891:
Treaty on Basic Relations Between Japan and the Republic of Korea
5852:
Hidden Treasures: Lives of First-Generation Korean Women in Japan
4535:
3414:
Multiculturalism in the new Japan: crossing the boundaries within
3019:
2913:
1772:
1757:. Around one hundred such repatriates are believed to have later
1738:), in which he praised North Korea for its rapid development and
1100:
The map of foreign residents living in Japan as of the year 2000.
983:
936:
Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea
345:
7108:
4838:"Japan Considered Podcast for April 7, 2006 Volume 2, Number 14"
4814:
Corrected : Pro-Pyongyang group rules out link to abduction
2871:
2857:
1536:, to change the nationality registration of Zainichi Koreans to
7352:
7113:
7035:
7015:
6883:
5976:
MINTOHREN: Young Koreans Against Ethnic Discrimination in Japan
5066:"The Status and Role of Ethnic Koreans in the Japanese Economy"
3728:"The Status and Role of Ethnic Koreans in the Japanese Economy"
3606:"The Status and Role of Ethnic Koreans in the Japanese Economy"
3390:[Foreigners by nationality and by visas (occupation)].
3291:
3077:
3043:
2885:
2843:
2745:(2000), about a North Korean Zainichi, was made into a popular
2665:
2448:
2288:
2209:—have supported voting rights for permanent foreign residents.
2190:
2029:
1962:
1941:
Numbers of birth, death, and naturalization of Koreans in Japan
1819:
1625:
1569:
1561:
The Allied occupation of Japan ended on 28 April 1952 with the
1467:
1369:
1135:
1050:
703:
452:
378:
313:
165:(total population including Koreans with Japanese citizenship)
2616:(dirty, dangerous, and demeaning) industries. Annual sales of
7203:
6623:
2985:
2905:
2462:
2388:
2348:
1838:
discouraging its members from taking up Japanese citizenship;
1662:
1654:
1231:
987:
919:
911:
526:
466:
392:
251:
148:
1356:
and conscripted Koreans to deal with labor shortages due to
217:
Technology/humanities/international services: 24,298 people
7978:
United States House of Representatives House Resolution 121
7040:
4757:"FM Spokesman Urges Japan to Stop Suppression of Chongryon"
3823:
Statistics of Democide: Genocide and Mass Murder Since 1990
2957:
2573:
2402:
2167:
Koreans claimed that they should be granted it because the
2114:
which resulted in a total decrease of 11,327 in 2006 (2%).
2053:
rate of naturalisation as a rough measure of assimilation.
540:
7909:
Special Law to Redeem Pro-Japanese Collaborators' Property
5937:
4291:
3013:
2660:
products in Japan are made by certified Zainichi Koreans.
2267:
across Japan, including kindergartens and one university,
2134:
1998:, community support by Zainichi organizations (Mindan and
1415:
Fishers and brokers helped immigrants enter Japan through
5250:"Review and Prospect of Internal and External Situations"
1658:
5944:
North Korean Residents Union in Japan (Joseon Chongryon)
5919:
3987:"境界を具体化する占領期日本への「密航」からみる入国 管理政策と「外国人」概念の再編( Digest_要約 )"
3356:
3354:
2593:
2024:
occurs among the young during the period when they seek
1808:
5311:"Nationalisms of and Against Zainichi Koreans in Japan"
3328:
3326:
2261:
The pro-North Korea association Chongryon operates 218
1803:
5956:
4197:. 2012-07-13. Archived from the original on 2012-07-13
2430:
1138:
youth group called Zainihon Daikan Minkoku Seinendan (
568:
5221:"Moves to legislate on "suffrage" in Japan condemned"
4930:
4928:
4926:
4739:, Nagasaki University, Vol. 61 (20020630) pp. 33–42.
4596:(Press release). Sundance Film Festival. 2006-01-28.
4536:
Nozaki, Yoshiki; Inokuchi Hiromitsu; Kim Tae-Young.
4259:"'新・旧'在日韓国人 民団とどのように関わるか 民団中央大会を前にしたオールドカマー・ニューカマーの声"
3525:
3351:
1122:
The modern flow of Koreans to Japan started with the
5932:
Online Newspaper covering Zainichi Korean and Mindan
5890:
Exodus to North Korea: Shadows from Japan's Cold War
4462:
3323:
3132:
2652:
In the 1970s, Korean newcomers started to enter the
2504:
2490:
1932:
1601:
Treaty on Basic Relations with the Republic of Korea
508:
494:
434:
420:
4049:
Yoshida Shigeru = Makkāsā ōfuku shokanshū 1945–1951
3844:
Freedom, Democracy, Peace; Power, Democide, and War
2606:Zainichi Koreans are said to mainly be employed in
1607:which did not give them citizenship of any nation.
4923:
4465:"The Forgotten Victims of the North Korean Crisis"
3641:Arents, Tom; Tsuneishi, Norihiko (December 2015).
3528:"Diaspora without Homeland: Being Korean in Japan"
2522:Registered aliens in Japan are allowed to adopt a
938:(1965), (1977–1983), Japanese ratification of the
922:(April 1930), Park Choon-Geum was elected for the
5726:Law School International Immersion Program Papers
4907:Koreans in Japan: critical voices from the margin
4105:Koreans in Japan: Critical Voices from the Margin
1628:, so newcomers have created a new one called the
1619:, traveling abroad was further liberalized. When
1230:historical text, in 814, six people, including a
32:Koreans in Japan: Critical Voices from the Margin
8001:
4214:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
4094:
4092:
4090:
3994:Kyoto University Research Information Repository
3923:"【その時の今日】「在日朝鮮人」北送事業が始まる | Joongang Ilbo | 中央日報"
1841:discouraging its members from marrying Japanese;
1689:Repatriation of Koreans from Japan, January 1960
1352:In 1939, the Japanese government introduced the
1255:
1190:(300 BCE to 300 CE), Japanese culture
1077:, 410,156 South Koreans and 24,305 North Koreans
965:Zainichi Kankokujin/Zainihon Chōsenjin/Chōsenjin
5892:. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
4101:"The North Korean homeland of Koreans in Japan"
3640:
3260:
2534:
1855:
1489:
1449:
1108:The chart of foreign residents living in Japan.
1086:
1025:
1017:
963:
7862:List of war apology statements issued by Japan
5920:South Korean Residents Union in Japan (Mindan)
5028:
3559:
2549:
2528:
2407:
2393:
2338:
2083:
2074:
1733:
1716:
1553:
1516:
1483:
1080:
1034:
1011:
957:
745:United Koreans in Japan official football team
545:
531:
109:
27:Japanese residents of Korean origin or descent
7306:
7292:
6955:
6606:
6018:
5887:
5385:. University of California Press, 15 Nov 2008
4432:
4087:
1896:In 2002, Shotaro Tochigi, deputy head of the
1862:Chongryon § Controversies over Chongryon
1765:, who published a book about his experience,
1724:), a political activist and historian of the
1221:
940:Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees
883:
7924:
7915:Museum of Japanese Colonial History in Korea
5938:The Federation of Korean Associations, Japan
5868:
5849:
3961:"asahi.com:拷問・戦争・独裁逃れ…在日女性60年ぶり済州島に帰郷へ – 社会"
2467:
2453:
2332:
2326:
2117:
2064:
1506:
1267:
1239:
1201:
977:
471:
457:
397:
383:
211:Special Permanent Residents: 281,295 people
126:
115:
7785:Japanese General Government Building, Seoul
7730:List of militant independence organizations
3471:
2645:restaurants. The honorary president of the
238:Spouse of permanent resident: 2,109 people
214:General permanent residents: 75,771 people
7299:
7285:
6969:
6962:
6948:
6613:
6599:
6025:
6011:
4456:
3793:"ExEAS – Teaching Materials and Resources"
1630:Federation of Korean Associations in Japan
1320:by law and received Japanese citizenship.
890:
876:
141:
7984:Japan–South Korea Comfort Women Agreement
7837:Controversies surrounding Yasukuni Shrine
5787:"Sundance Film Review: 'Seoul Searching'"
4862:N Korea ferry struggling against the tide
4749:
3658:
2673:estimated there are a few hundred Korean
87:Learn how and when to remove this message
7443:
5989:article from The Common Language Project
5607:全国焼肉協会 All-Japan "Yakimiki " Association
4031:"密航4ルートの動態 日韓結ぶ海の裏街道 潜入はお茶のこ 捕わる者僅か2割".
3502:"【在留外国人統計(旧登録外国人統計)統計表】 | 出入国在留管理庁"
3494:
2597:
2241:
2002:, among others), other minority groups (
1944:
1936:
1684:
1680:
1586:
1453:
1276:, trade with Korea occurred through the
1103:
1095:
901:
7857:Japanese history textbook controversies
5970:The Self-Identities of Zainichi Koreans
5966:– a site for Korean residents in Japan.
5576:ビジネスジャーナル/Business Journal | ビジネスの本音に迫る
5308:
4560:"Spy's escape from North Korean 'hell'"
4333:10.5790/hongkong/9789622098923.003.0010
4289:
3440:
3314:. Minority Rights Group. Archived from
2135:Right to vote and government employment
1875:which came to light in 2002 as well as
1785:, won a special jury prize at the 2006
1248:descent) became naturalized in Japan's
14:
8002:
5871:Zainichi Korean Women in Japan: Voices
5543:"日本、パチンコ発金融危機? | Joongang Ilbo | 中央日報"
4936:Zainichi Kankokujin no Genjou to Mirai
3867:
3861:
3820:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3686:
3647:International Review of Social History
3532:Escholarship.org\accessdate=2016-08-17
3526:Ryang, Sonia; Lie, John (2009-04-01).
3453:from the original on September 2, 2019
3411:
1755:Japanese migrating with Korean spouses
1444:Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers
1347:
1291:
232:Business and management: 2,681 people
7614:Gwangju Student Independence Movement
7522:Korean Women's Volunteer Labour Corps
7280:
6943:
6594:
6006:
5784:
5766:from the original on December 1, 2018
5073:Institute for International Economics
4904:
4900:
4898:
4405:
4318:
4316:
4185:
4183:
4098:
3735:Institute for International Economics
3613:Institute for International Economics
3472:Fukuoka, Yasunori; Gill, Tom (2000).
3379:
2684:
2639:Some Zainichi Koreans have developed
2594:Zainichi in the Japanese labor market
1809:Division between Chongryon and Mindan
1383:
1244:, Japanese: 加羅布古伊; presumed to be of
223:Japanese spouse, etc.: 11,907 people
7668:Korean History Compilation Committee
5854:. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.
5797:from the original on 8 November 2020
4467:. Nautilus Institute. Archived from
4230:"韓国人への短期ビザ免除を恒久化 – nikkansports.com"
4003:from the original on January 6, 2018
1898:Public Security Investigation Agency
1804:Organizations – Chongryon and Mindan
1521:), the old name of undivided Korea.
1434:In Official Correspondence of 1949,
246:Regions with significant populations
36:
7770:Government-General Museum of Chōsen
7512:Aso Mining forced labor controversy
6032:
5719:
5501:
5167:
4947:
4463:Morris-Suzuki, Tessa (2007-03-13).
4433:Morris-Suzuki, Tessa (2005-02-07).
4265:. February 18, 2009. Archived from
3719:
3683:
3597:
2817:For a more comprehensive list, see
2649:is Tae Do Park (alias Taido Arai).
2186:if they are 17 years old or older.
24:
6401:Commonwealth of Independent States
5843:
5815:
5131:
5082:from the original on June 19, 2021
5063:
5057:
4895:
4313:
4180:
4146:
3984:
3899:
3762:
3744:from the original on June 19, 2021
3725:
3622:from the original on June 19, 2021
3603:
2757:experience in a documentary, with
2753:would be the first to address the
2636:dropped to less than 9.4 million.
653:Special permanent resident (Japan)
235:Specific activities: 2,013 people
25:
8041:
8025:Japanese people of Korean descent
6583:off the northwest coast of Africa
5981:Panel discussion in San Francisco
5907:
5785:Chang, Justin (23 January 2015).
5192:"〈最高人民会議代議員選挙〉解説 朝鮮の選挙 立候補から当選まで"
3909:Institute of Statistical Research
3765:"総力戦体制期の朝鮮半島に関する一考察 ―人的動員を中心にして―"
3434:
2812:
2237:
2214:Liberal Democratic Party of Japan
1969:
1933:Integration into Japanese society
1171:subsequent periods of pre-modern
1165:
924:House of Representatives of Japan
229:Permanent resident: 7,224 people
7827:Anti-Japanese sentiment in Korea
7632:Korean Language Society Incident
7351:
7259:
7258:
6922:
6921:
6673:
6622:
6069:
6064:
5502:Yim, Young-Eon (December 2008).
5330:10.1111/j.1943-0787.2009.01167.x
4649:
4509:
3698:"FSI | SPICE – Koreans in Japan"
3218:History of Japan–Korea relations
3135:
3112:
3098:
3084:
3070:
3056:
3042:
3028:
3012:
2998:
2984:
2970:
2956:
2942:
2928:
2912:
2898:
2884:
2870:
2856:
2842:
2828:
2647:All Japan "Yakiniku" Association
2602:A Zainichi-Owned Pachinko Parlor
1427:was not due to the terms of the
1131:by the South Korean government.
859:
858:
847:
735:Korean Christian Church in Japan
188:
172:
41:
5828:from the original on 2024-09-03
5809:
5778:
5747:
5736:from the original on 2018-12-01
5713:
5702:from the original on 2016-10-25
5682:
5653:
5642:from the original on 2018-11-05
5624:
5613:from the original on 2017-03-05
5593:
5582:from the original on 2017-11-23
5564:
5553:from the original on 2018-06-29
5535:
5495:
5484:from the original on 2024-09-03
5468:
5458:
5448:
5419:
5388:
5375:
5364:from the original on 2016-04-02
5350:
5339:from the original on 2016-03-07
5302:
5277:
5266:from the original on 2021-02-04
5242:
5213:
5202:from the original on 2017-12-17
5184:
5161:
5150:from the original on 2019-07-22
5125:
5114:from the original on 2017-12-17
5094:
5035:
5022:
5011:from the original on 2007-10-26
4995:
4966:
4941:
4874:
4871:(BBC News Online, June 9, 2003)
4855:
4830:
4807:
4778:
4715:
4690:
4643:
4614:
4603:from the original on 2007-02-06
4583:
4572:from the original on 2006-02-22
4552:
4529:
4518:from the original on 2020-07-25
4503:
4426:
4399:
4388:from the original on 2024-04-18
4370:
4302:from the original on 2016-07-20
4283:
4251:
4240:from the original on 2017-12-17
4222:
4140:
4121:
4041:
4024:
4015:
3978:
3953:
3944:
3933:from the original on 2018-01-01
3915:
3893:
3850:from the original on 2010-03-23
3814:
3803:from the original on 2017-11-22
3785:
3756:
3708:from the original on 2023-06-23
3634:
3586:from the original on 2022-05-10
3566:
3552:
3538:from the original on 2020-07-25
3508:from the original on 2023-09-28
3476:. Trans-Pacific Press. p.
3474:Lives of young Koreans in Japan
3441:Diamond, Jared (June 1, 1998).
3394:from the original on 2024-09-03
3368:from the original on 2023-12-18
3340:from the original on 2024-05-30
3151:The History Museum of J-Koreans
2731:, and in 2001, Zainichi author
2620:have totaled about 30 trillion
2588:Korea-Japan 2002 FIFA World Cup
2144:("Special Permanent Residents")
2035:
1873:abduction of Japanese nationals
1178:
1160:アボジ聞かせて あの日のことを—我々の歴史を取り戻す運動報告書
910:, restrictions of passage from
709:The History Museum of J-Koreans
7832:Anti-Korean sentiment in Japan
7735:List of independence activists
3579:Encyclopedia of Korean Culture
3519:
3465:
3405:
3304:
3223:Anti-Korean sentiment in Japan
3208:Japanese people in South Korea
2505:
2491:
2431:
2366:
2333:
2327:
2065:
1813:Well into at least the 1970s,
1507:
1240:
1091:, meaning Koreans in Japanese)
978:
800:Anti-Korean sentiment in Japan
569:
509:
495:
435:
421:
127:
116:
13:
1:
6581:autonomous community of Spain
5888:Morris-Suzuki, Tessa (2007).
5869:Kim-Wachutka, Jackie (2019).
5850:Kim-Wachutka, Jackie (2005).
4414:] (in Japanese). 新日本出版社.
3868:Lankov, Andrei (2006-01-05).
3443:"In Search of Japanese Roots"
3297:
2173:Constitutional Court of Korea
1314:Japan–Korea Annexation Treaty
1256:Sengoku period (1467 to 1615)
1216:Kofun period Korean migration
1068:
7466:Oriental Development Company
6909:Illegal immigration to Japan
5360:. THE FACT JPN. 2013-12-09.
5227:. 2000-03-22. Archived from
5102:"재외국민에 참정권 부여 않는건 위헌 ?"
4980:. 2001-06-18. Archived from
4628:. 2008-02-12. Archived from
3963:. 2008-04-01. Archived from
3261:Other ethnic groups in Japan
2656:industry. Currently, 70% of
2082:In 1975, Hidenori Sakanaka (
1949:Marriage of Koreans in Japan
1856:Controversies over Chongryon
1825:
1610:
1472:Alien Registration Ordinance
1450:Loss of Japanese nationality
1296:After the conclusion of the
648:South Korean nationality law
618:Korean independence movement
220:Study abroad: 14,906 people
7:
7852:Japan–South Korea relations
7847:Japan–North Korea relations
7725:Korean National Association
7715:Declaration of Independence
7532:Slavery during World War II
7240:Ethnic nationalism in Japan
6904:Alien registration in Japan
6232:South Korea (North Koreans)
5922:(Korean, Japanese, English)
5318:Asian Politics & Policy
5168:チャン, サンジン (June 29, 2007).
4652:"ソウルの異邦人、その周辺一李艮枝「由煕」をめぐって"
4406:Terao, Gorō (April 1959).
3985:沙羅, 朴 (November 25, 2013).
3203:Japan–South Korea relations
3198:Japan–North Korea relations
3128:
2699:Three Resurrected Drunkards
2535:
2343:) located in Tokyo, Osaka,
2169:Constitution of South Korea
2164:Special Permanent Residents
2129:Special Permanent Residents
1923:North Korea's missile tests
1877:its nuclear weapons program
1751:Japan-South Korea relations
1599:In 1965, Japan concluded a
1490:
1262:Japanese invasions of Korea
1183:In late prehistory, in the
1117:
1087:
1026:
1018:
964:
948:1997 Asian Financial Crisis
946:in Seoul, South Korea, the
908:1923 Great Kantō earthquake
61:. The specific problem is:
10:
8046:
7897:Independence Hall of Korea
7333:Governor-General of Chōsen
5225:Korean Central News Agency
5004:過去10年間の帰化許可申請者数,帰化許可者数等の推移
4905:Ryang, Sonia, ed. (2006).
4412:North of the 38th Parallel
4327:. 2008. pp. 175–189.
3416:. Berghahn Books. p.
3388:"国籍・地域別 在留資格(在留目的)別 在留外国人"
3233:Hanshin Education Incident
2816:
2803:TV series of the same name
2688:
2230:in South Korean politics.
1955:San Francisco Peace Treaty
1859:
1768:The Aquariums of Pyongyang
1730:North of the 38th Parallel
1563:San Francisco Peace Treaty
1298:Japan-Korea Treaty of 1876
1234:man called Karanunofurui (
1222:Heian period (794 to 1185)
1196:Origin of the Yayoi people
1124:Japan-Korea Treaty of 1876
1112:
1019:Zainichi Kankoku/Chōsenjin
625:Hanshin Education Incident
570:Zainichi Kankoku/Chōsenjin
226:Family stay: 9,108 people
29:
7819:
7806:Keijō Imperial University
7752:
7703:
7641:
7545:
7504:
7478:
7456:Chōsen Government Railway
7451:Chōsen Anthracite Company
7420:Bank of Korea (1909–1950)
7412:
7360:
7349:
7325:
7314:
7308:Korea under Japanese rule
7248:
7232:
7137:
7079:
7003:
6977:
6917:
6866:
6850:
6829:
6788:
6682:
6671:
6635:
6577:
6542:
6521:
6514:
6483:
6433:
6393:
6386:
6356:
6313:
6245:
6192:
6185:
6139:
6079:
6061:
6040:
5661:"在日貴金属協 切磋30年の歴史光る…即売会盛況"
5517:: 111–129. Archived from
5309:Shipper, Apichai (2010).
5029:
3660:10.1017/S0020859015000437
3560:
2727:released his first film,
2550:
2529:
2516:
2498:
2484:
2479:
2475:
2468:
2461:
2454:
2447:
2442:
2424:
2419:
2415:
2408:
2401:
2394:
2387:
2382:
2378:
2373:
2339:
2118:Registration of residents
2084:
2075:
1884:Tokyo Chogin credit union
1798:Seoul National University
1734:
1717:
1554:
1545:
1517:
1484:
1354:National Mobilization Law
1268:Edo period (1603 to 1867)
1202:Kofun period (250 to 538)
1159:
1151:
1143:
1081:
1043:Korea under Japanese rule
1035:
1012:
958:
763:Korean musicians in Japan
613:Korea under Japanese rule
580:
562:
557:
553:
546:
539:
532:
525:
520:
502:
488:
483:
479:
472:
465:
458:
451:
446:
428:
414:
409:
405:
398:
391:
384:
377:
372:
368:
363:
344:
339:
304:
299:
279:
274:
250:
245:
161:
156:
140:
110:
107:
8030:Korean diaspora in Japan
7386:Office of the Yi Dynasty
7380:Colored Clothes Campaign
6889:Japanese nationality law
5690:
5601:
5477:在日コリアンの2信用組合が3月合併 業界12位に
5476:
5134:"韓国の公職選挙法改正―在外国民への選挙権付与"
5132:白井, 京 (September 2009).
5003:
4890:10.1525/sp.2008.55.3.391
4407:
4107:. Taylor & Francis.
4103:. In Sonia Ryang (ed.).
3213:List of Koreans in Japan
2819:List of Koreans in Japan
2248:Tokyo Korean High School
1991:international pressure.
1902:House of Representatives
1900:, told a session of the
1759:escaped from North Korea
1726:Japanese Communist Party
1534:occupying power of Japan
1408:'s forces (e.g., in the
1398:Yeosu-Suncheon rebellion
1129:massacres on Jeju Island
1024:, often known simply as
658:Zainichi Korean language
7948:Wednesday demonstration
7885:Treaty of San Francisco
5983:Nichi Bei Times Article
5816:Aw, Tash (2017-03-15).
5720:Cho, Young-Min (2016).
5691:韓国人暴力団員 日本に数百人?=要職担うことも
4512:"FSI -Koreans in Japan"
3870:"Stateless in Sakhalin"
3334:"令和5年末現在における在留外国人数について"
3272:Chinese people in Japan
3253:Korean Chinese in Japan
2543:, often abbreviated to
2291:policy of Kim Jong Il.
2091:), a bureaucrat in the
8010:Ethnic groups in Japan
7740:Provisional Government
7596:Shinano River incident
6971:Ethnic groups of Japan
6879:Ethnic groups of Japan
6565:South Korean defectors
6560:North Korean defectors
6418:Russia (North Koreans)
6298:North Korean defectors
5972:– a paper on Zainichi.
4678:Cite journal requires
4491:Cite journal requires
4437:. ZNet. Archived from
4325:East Asian Pop Culture
4162:: 1–10. Archived from
4147:長島, 万里子 (April 2011).
4079:: CS1 maint: others (
3821:Rummel, R. J. (1999).
3702:spice.fsi.stanford.edu
3188:Ethnic issues in Japan
3178:Shinano River incident
2603:
2258:
1950:
1942:
1787:Sundance Film Festival
1728:, published the book,
1690:
1657:music groups, such as
1596:
1459:
1210:(250–538 CE) and
1109:
1101:
950:
8020:Japan–Korea relations
7936:Futsukaichi Rest Home
7753:Places and structures
7706:Independence movement
7620:Hongkou Park Incident
7368:Chōsen Art Exhibition
6894:Foreign-born Japanese
6874:Black people in Japan
5873:. London: Routledge.
5636:www.toyo-keizai.co.jp
5427:"民団/BackNumber/トピック8"
5170:"憲法裁、在外国民の参政権制限に違憲判決"
5053:on February 23, 2008.
4099:Ryang, Sonia (2000).
3772:日韓歴史共同研究報告書. 第3分科篇 下巻
2773:, with films such as
2747:film of the same name
2708:River of the Stranger
2601:
2297:Japanese Constitution
2245:
1948:
1940:
1912:The operation of the
1761:; the most famous is
1688:
1681:Repatriation to Korea
1590:
1578:May Day riots of 1952
1491:Gaikokujin-tōroku-rei
1457:
1392:'s forces during the
1278:Tsushima-Fuchū Domain
1107:
1099:
905:
340:Related ethnic groups
8015:Immigration to Japan
7842:Japan–Korea disputes
7584:Battle of Qingshanli
7571:Battle of Fengwudong
7559:March First Movement
7343:Japanese Korean Army
6629:Immigration to Japan
4827:, November 18, 2002)
4825:Asian Political News
4382:www.WilsonCenter.org
4269:on January 14, 2012.
4263:One Korea Daily News
4234:www.nikkansports.com
3193:Japan–Korea disputes
2578:mixed martial artist
2572:, and controversial
2486:Revised Romanization
2250:with photographs of
2147:Korean nationality.
1800:in the early 1980s.
1410:Bodo League massacre
944:1988 Summer Olympics
490:Revised Romanization
416:Revised Romanization
69:improve this article
57:to meet Knowledge's
7653:Five Eulsa Traitors
7608:June Tenth Movement
5946:(Korean, Japanese)
5916:(Japanese, English)
5064:Tamura, Toshiyuki.
3726:Tamura, Toshiyuki.
3604:Tamura, Toshiyuki.
3183:Demography of Japan
3156:Koreatowns in Japan
2093:Ministry of Justice
1617:1988 Seoul Olympics
1362:Karafuto Prefecture
1348:During World War II
1292:Before World War II
1075:Ministry of Justice
740:Koryo Museum of Art
184:(in December, 2023)
104:
7960:Asian Women's Fund
7903:Murayama Statement
7760:Altteureu Airfield
7626:Battle of Pochonbo
7577:Battle of Samdunja
6394:Post-Soviet states
5962:2004-11-15 at the
5940:(Korean, Japanese)
5547:japanese.joins.com
4948:Lie, John (2009).
4867:2006-12-22 at the
4819:2007-03-22 at the
4731:2007-11-03 at the
4358:Unknown parameter
4277:2021-09-28 at the
4133:2007-06-16 at the
3927:japanese.joins.com
3837:Available online:
3312:"Koreans in Japan"
2720:All Under the Moon
2713:Zainichi director
2685:In popular culture
2604:
2259:
2102:In December 1995,
1951:
1943:
1695:Japanese Red Cross
1691:
1597:
1460:
1429:surrender of Japan
1384:After World War II
1110:
1102:
1039:, lit. 'in Japan')
1003:Chinese immigrants
951:
930:(April 1948), the
102:
7997:
7996:
7993:
7992:
7966:Shimonoseki Trial
7867:Division of Korea
7796:Keijō Post Office
7748:
7747:
7720:Independence Club
7474:
7473:
7374:Chosun Exhibition
7361:Cultural policies
7320:from 1910 to 1945
7274:
7273:
7119:Ōbeikei Islanders
6937:
6936:
6588:
6587:
6573:
6572:
6479:
6478:
6382:
6381:
5926:History of Mindan
5899:978-0-7425-7938-5
5880:978-1-138-58485-3
5401:The Asahi Shimbun
4959:978-0-520-25820-4
4916:978-0-415-37939-7
4624:(Press release).
4342:978-962-209-892-3
4114:978-1-136-35312-3
3487:978-1-876843-00-7
3447:Discover Magazine
3427:978-1-84545-226-1
3287:Ōbeikei Islanders
3126:
3125:
3092:Yoshihiro Akiyama
2581:Yoshihiro Akiyama
2520:
2519:
2512:
2511:
2500:McCune–Reischauer
2443:North Korean name
2438:
2437:
2142:Tokubetsu Eijusha
2089:Sakanaka Hidenori
2026:formal employment
1713:
1530:Republic of Korea
1440:Douglas MacArthur
1425:Japan Coast Guard
1421:Japan Coast Guard
1226:According to the
1073:According to the
996:division of Korea
900:
899:
584:
583:
576:
575:
516:
515:
510:Chaeil Han'gug-in
504:McCune–Reischauer
447:South Korean name
442:
441:
430:McCune–Reischauer
373:North Korean name
359:
358:
97:
96:
89:
59:quality standards
50:This article may
16:(Redirected from
8037:
7928:
7922:
7921:
7873:Koreans in Japan
7811:Seodaemun Prison
7707:
7645:
7553:105-Man Incident
7502:
7501:
7496:Sakhalin Koreans
7441:
7440:
7355:
7354:
7301:
7294:
7287:
7278:
7277:
7262:
7261:
6964:
6957:
6950:
6941:
6940:
6925:
6924:
6677:
6627:
6626:
6615:
6608:
6601:
6592:
6591:
6519:
6518:
6391:
6390:
6190:
6189:
6074:
6073:
6068:
6027:
6020:
6013:
6004:
6003:
5903:
5884:
5865:
5837:
5836:
5834:
5833:
5813:
5807:
5806:
5804:
5802:
5782:
5776:
5775:
5773:
5771:
5751:
5745:
5744:
5742:
5741:
5717:
5711:
5710:
5708:
5707:
5686:
5680:
5679:
5677:
5676:
5667:. Archived from
5657:
5651:
5650:
5648:
5647:
5628:
5622:
5621:
5619:
5618:
5597:
5591:
5590:
5588:
5587:
5568:
5562:
5561:
5559:
5558:
5539:
5533:
5532:
5530:
5529:
5523:
5508:
5499:
5493:
5492:
5490:
5489:
5472:
5466:
5462:
5456:
5452:
5446:
5445:
5443:
5442:
5433:. Archived from
5423:
5417:
5416:
5414:
5413:
5404:. Archived from
5396:"国際 : 日韓交流"
5392:
5386:
5379:
5373:
5372:
5370:
5369:
5354:
5348:
5347:
5345:
5344:
5338:
5315:
5306:
5300:
5299:
5297:
5296:
5287:. Archived from
5281:
5275:
5274:
5272:
5271:
5265:
5254:
5246:
5240:
5239:
5237:
5236:
5217:
5211:
5210:
5208:
5207:
5188:
5182:
5181:
5180:on July 4, 2007.
5176:. Archived from
5165:
5159:
5158:
5156:
5155:
5149:
5141:国立国会図書館調査及び立法考査局
5138:
5129:
5123:
5122:
5120:
5119:
5098:
5092:
5091:
5089:
5087:
5081:
5070:
5061:
5055:
5054:
5049:. Archived from
5039:
5033:
5032:
5031:
5026:
5020:
5019:
5017:
5016:
4999:
4993:
4992:
4990:
4989:
4970:
4964:
4963:
4945:
4939:
4932:
4921:
4920:
4902:
4893:
4878:
4872:
4859:
4853:
4852:
4850:
4849:
4840:. Archived from
4834:
4828:
4811:
4805:
4804:
4802:
4801:
4792:. Archived from
4790:FindArticles.com
4782:
4776:
4775:
4773:
4772:
4763:. Archived from
4753:
4747:
4723:
4719:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4709:
4700:. Archived from
4694:
4688:
4687:
4681:
4676:
4674:
4666:
4664:
4657:
4647:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4637:
4618:
4612:
4611:
4609:
4608:
4602:
4595:
4587:
4581:
4580:
4578:
4577:
4556:
4550:
4549:
4544:. Archived from
4533:
4527:
4526:
4524:
4523:
4507:
4501:
4500:
4494:
4489:
4487:
4479:
4477:
4476:
4460:
4454:
4453:
4447:
4446:
4430:
4424:
4423:
4403:
4397:
4396:
4394:
4393:
4374:
4368:
4367:
4361:
4356:
4354:
4346:
4320:
4311:
4310:
4308:
4307:
4287:
4281:
4270:
4255:
4249:
4248:
4246:
4245:
4226:
4220:
4219:
4213:
4205:
4203:
4202:
4187:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4174:
4168:
4153:
4144:
4138:
4125:
4119:
4118:
4096:
4085:
4084:
4078:
4070:
4045:
4039:
4038:
4037:. June 28, 1950.
4028:
4022:
4019:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4008:
4002:
3991:
3982:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3972:
3957:
3951:
3948:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3938:
3919:
3913:
3912:
3906:
3897:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3887:
3878:. Archived from
3865:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3855:
3836:
3818:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3808:
3797:www.columbia.edu
3789:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3774:. Archived from
3769:
3760:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3743:
3732:
3723:
3717:
3716:
3714:
3713:
3694:
3681:
3680:
3662:
3638:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3627:
3621:
3610:
3601:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3591:
3570:
3564:
3563:
3562:
3556:
3550:
3549:
3544:
3543:
3523:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3513:
3498:
3492:
3491:
3469:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3458:
3438:
3432:
3431:
3409:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3399:
3383:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3373:
3358:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3345:
3330:
3321:
3319:
3308:
3248:Koreans in China
3145:
3140:
3139:
3138:
3116:
3102:
3088:
3074:
3060:
3046:
3032:
3016:
3002:
2988:
2974:
2960:
2946:
2932:
2916:
2902:
2888:
2874:
2860:
2846:
2832:
2824:
2823:
2733:Kazuki Kaneshiro
2564:, pro wrestlers
2562:Tomoaki Kanemoto
2555:
2554:, "common name")
2553:
2552:
2542:
2541:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2524:registered alias
2508:
2507:
2494:
2493:
2477:
2476:
2471:
2470:
2457:
2456:
2434:
2433:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2410:
2397:
2396:
2371:
2370:
2342:
2341:
2336:
2335:
2330:
2329:
2321:There are a few
2269:Korea University
2087:
2086:
2078:
2077:
2068:
2067:
1892:
1747:Korean Peninsula
1737:
1736:
1720:
1719:
1714:
1707:
1642:
1557:
1556:
1547:
1520:
1519:
1510:
1509:
1497:
1496:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1480:
1419:. In the 1950s,
1378:Sakhalin Koreans
1342:Korean peninsula
1325:Korean peninsula
1243:
1242:
1193:
1173:Japanese history
1161:
1153:
1145:
1092:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1040:
1038:
1037:
1031:
1023:
1021:
1015:
1014:
1007:Zainichi Koreans
981:
980:
969:
967:
961:
960:
959:在日韓国人・在日本朝鮮人・朝鮮人
954:Koreans in Japan
892:
885:
878:
862:
861:
854:Japan portal
852:
851:
850:
676:Ikuno Korea Town
599:Koreans in Japan
586:
585:
572:
571:
555:
554:
549:
548:
547:ざいにちかんこく・ちょうせんじん
535:
534:
512:
511:
498:
497:
481:
480:
475:
474:
461:
460:
438:
437:
436:Chaeil Chosŏn-in
424:
423:
407:
406:
401:
400:
387:
386:
364:Koreans in Japan
361:
360:
354:Sakhalin Koreans
318:Korean Shamanism
264:Osaka Prefecture
194:
192:
191:
178:
176:
175:
157:Total population
145:
130:
129:
119:
118:
113:
112:
105:
103:Zainichi Koreans
101:
92:
85:
81:
78:
72:
45:
44:
37:
21:
8045:
8044:
8040:
8039:
8038:
8036:
8035:
8034:
8000:
7999:
7998:
7989:
7926:
7920:
7815:
7744:
7705:
7699:
7690:Song Byeong-jun
7643:
7637:
7565:Jeamri Massacre
7541:
7500:
7470:
7439:
7408:
7397:Shinto in Korea
7356:
7347:
7321:
7318:Empire of Japan
7310:
7305:
7275:
7270:
7254:Japanese people
7244:
7228:
7133:
7097:Menasunkur Ainu
7075:
6999:
6973:
6968:
6938:
6933:
6913:
6862:
6846:
6825:
6784:
6678:
6669:
6631:
6621:
6619:
6589:
6584:
6569:
6538:
6534:Zainichi Korean
6510:
6475:
6429:
6378:
6352:
6309:
6241:
6181:
6135:
6075:
6063:
6059:
6036:
6034:Korean diaspora
6031:
5964:Wayback Machine
5910:
5900:
5881:
5862:
5846:
5844:Further reading
5841:
5840:
5831:
5829:
5814:
5810:
5800:
5798:
5783:
5779:
5769:
5767:
5752:
5748:
5739:
5737:
5718:
5714:
5705:
5703:
5698:(in Japanese).
5692:
5688:
5687:
5683:
5674:
5672:
5659:
5658:
5654:
5645:
5643:
5638:(in Japanese).
5630:
5629:
5625:
5616:
5614:
5609:(in Japanese).
5603:
5599:
5598:
5594:
5585:
5583:
5578:(in Japanese).
5570:
5569:
5565:
5556:
5554:
5549:(in Japanese).
5541:
5540:
5536:
5527:
5525:
5521:
5506:
5500:
5496:
5487:
5485:
5480:(in Japanese).
5478:
5474:
5473:
5469:
5463:
5459:
5453:
5449:
5440:
5438:
5425:
5424:
5420:
5411:
5409:
5394:
5393:
5389:
5380:
5376:
5367:
5365:
5356:
5355:
5351:
5342:
5340:
5336:
5313:
5307:
5303:
5294:
5292:
5283:
5282:
5278:
5269:
5267:
5263:
5252:
5248:
5247:
5243:
5234:
5232:
5219:
5218:
5214:
5205:
5203:
5190:
5189:
5185:
5166:
5162:
5153:
5151:
5147:
5136:
5130:
5126:
5117:
5115:
5100:
5099:
5095:
5085:
5083:
5079:
5068:
5062:
5058:
5041:
5040:
5036:
5027:
5023:
5014:
5012:
5007:(in Japanese).
5005:
5001:
5000:
4996:
4987:
4985:
4972:
4971:
4967:
4960:
4946:
4942:
4934:Min, Ganshick.
4933:
4924:
4917:
4903:
4896:
4882:Social Problems
4879:
4875:
4869:Wayback Machine
4860:
4856:
4847:
4845:
4836:
4835:
4831:
4821:Wayback Machine
4812:
4808:
4799:
4797:
4784:
4783:
4779:
4770:
4768:
4755:
4754:
4750:
4733:Wayback Machine
4721:
4720:
4716:
4707:
4705:
4696:
4695:
4691:
4679:
4677:
4668:
4667:
4662:
4655:
4648:
4644:
4635:
4633:
4626:Yomiuri Shimbun
4620:
4619:
4615:
4606:
4604:
4600:
4593:
4589:
4588:
4584:
4575:
4573:
4558:
4557:
4553:
4534:
4530:
4521:
4519:
4508:
4504:
4492:
4490:
4481:
4480:
4474:
4472:
4461:
4457:
4444:
4442:
4431:
4427:
4409:
4404:
4400:
4391:
4389:
4376:
4375:
4371:
4359:
4357:
4348:
4347:
4343:
4322:
4321:
4314:
4305:
4303:
4296:www.haninhe.com
4288:
4284:
4279:Wayback Machine
4257:
4256:
4252:
4243:
4241:
4236:(in Japanese).
4228:
4227:
4223:
4207:
4206:
4200:
4198:
4189:
4188:
4181:
4172:
4170:
4166:
4151:
4149:"韓国の留学生政策とその変遷"
4145:
4141:
4135:Wayback Machine
4126:
4122:
4115:
4097:
4088:
4072:
4071:
4059:
4047:
4046:
4042:
4030:
4029:
4025:
4020:
4016:
4006:
4004:
4000:
3989:
3983:
3979:
3970:
3968:
3959:
3958:
3954:
3949:
3945:
3936:
3934:
3929:(in Japanese).
3921:
3920:
3916:
3904:
3900:光彦, 木村 (2016).
3898:
3894:
3885:
3883:
3875:The Korea Times
3866:
3862:
3853:
3851:
3838:
3833:
3819:
3815:
3806:
3804:
3791:
3790:
3786:
3778:
3767:
3761:
3757:
3747:
3745:
3741:
3730:
3724:
3720:
3711:
3709:
3696:
3695:
3684:
3653:(S1): 121–143.
3639:
3635:
3625:
3623:
3619:
3608:
3602:
3598:
3589:
3587:
3572:
3571:
3567:
3557:
3553:
3541:
3539:
3524:
3520:
3511:
3509:
3500:
3499:
3495:
3488:
3470:
3466:
3456:
3454:
3439:
3435:
3428:
3410:
3406:
3397:
3395:
3384:
3380:
3371:
3369:
3360:
3359:
3352:
3343:
3341:
3332:
3331:
3324:
3310:
3309:
3305:
3300:
3277:Ryukyuan people
3263:
3228:Racism in Japan
3141:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3122:
3117:
3108:
3103:
3094:
3089:
3080:
3075:
3066:
3061:
3052:
3047:
3038:
3033:
3022:
3017:
3008:
3003:
2994:
2989:
2980:
2978:Masaichi Kaneda
2975:
2966:
2961:
2952:
2947:
2938:
2933:
2922:
2917:
2908:
2903:
2894:
2889:
2880:
2875:
2866:
2861:
2852:
2847:
2838:
2833:
2822:
2815:
2780:Seoul Searching
2771:Korean diaspora
2767:Korean American
2710:by Lee Hak-in.
2693:
2691:Zainichi cinema
2687:
2658:precious metals
2654:precious metals
2596:
2547:
2539:
2526:
2369:
2240:
2137:
2120:
2038:
1972:
1935:
1927:Mangyongbong-92
1915:Mangyongbong-92
1886:
1864:
1858:
1828:
1811:
1806:
1740:humanitarianism
1706:
1683:
1632:
1613:
1494:
1481:
1474:
1452:
1442:, the American
1436:Shigeru Yoshida
1417:Tsushima Island
1386:
1350:
1318:Empire of Japan
1310:Song Byeong-jun
1294:
1270:
1258:
1224:
1204:
1191:
1181:
1168:
1120:
1115:
1078:
1071:
1032:
1009:
955:
896:
848:
846:
839:
838:
821:Manga Kenkanryu
795:
787:
786:
782:Zainichi cinema
758:
750:
749:
699:
691:
690:
671:
663:
662:
638:
630:
629:
608:
293:Zainichi Korean
241:
208:
207:
200:(December 2023)
199:
189:
187:
183:
173:
171:
152:
151:, Japan in 1938
136:
125:
114:
100:
93:
82:
76:
73:
66:
46:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Zainichi Korean
15:
12:
11:
5:
8043:
8033:
8032:
8027:
8022:
8017:
8012:
7995:
7994:
7991:
7990:
7988:
7987:
7981:
7975:
7969:
7963:
7957:
7954:Kono Statement
7951:
7945:
7939:
7932:
7930:
7919:
7918:
7912:
7906:
7900:
7894:
7888:
7882:
7876:
7870:
7864:
7859:
7854:
7849:
7844:
7839:
7834:
7829:
7823:
7821:
7817:
7816:
7814:
7813:
7808:
7803:
7798:
7793:
7787:
7782:
7777:
7772:
7767:
7762:
7756:
7754:
7750:
7749:
7746:
7745:
7743:
7742:
7737:
7732:
7727:
7722:
7717:
7711:
7709:
7701:
7700:
7698:
7697:
7692:
7687:
7686:
7685:
7683:Park Jung-yang
7675:
7673:Park Yeong-hyo
7670:
7665:
7660:
7655:
7649:
7647:
7639:
7638:
7636:
7635:
7629:
7623:
7617:
7611:
7605:
7602:Kantō Massacre
7599:
7593:
7590:Gando Massacre
7587:
7581:
7580:
7579:
7568:
7562:
7556:
7549:
7547:
7543:
7542:
7540:
7539:
7534:
7529:
7524:
7519:
7517:Hashima Island
7514:
7508:
7506:
7499:
7498:
7493:
7482:
7480:
7476:
7475:
7472:
7471:
7469:
7468:
7463:
7461:Chosen Railway
7458:
7453:
7447:
7445:
7438:
7437:
7432:
7427:
7422:
7416:
7414:
7410:
7409:
7407:
7406:
7405:
7404:
7394:
7388:
7383:
7377:
7371:
7364:
7362:
7358:
7357:
7350:
7348:
7346:
7345:
7340:
7329:
7327:
7323:
7322:
7316:Colony of the
7315:
7312:
7311:
7304:
7303:
7296:
7289:
7281:
7272:
7271:
7269:
7268:
7256:
7249:
7246:
7245:
7243:
7242:
7236:
7234:
7230:
7229:
7227:
7226:
7221:
7216:
7211:
7206:
7201:
7196:
7191:
7186:
7181:
7176:
7171:
7170:
7169:
7159:
7158:
7157:
7147:
7141:
7139:
7135:
7134:
7132:
7131:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7111:
7106:
7105:
7104:
7099:
7094:
7083:
7081:
7080:Post-classical
7077:
7076:
7074:
7073:
7068:
7063:
7058:
7053:
7048:
7043:
7038:
7033:
7028:
7023:
7018:
7013:
7007:
7005:
7001:
7000:
6998:
6997:
6992:
6987:
6981:
6979:
6975:
6974:
6967:
6966:
6959:
6952:
6944:
6935:
6934:
6932:
6931:
6918:
6915:
6914:
6912:
6911:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6891:
6886:
6881:
6876:
6870:
6868:
6864:
6863:
6861:
6860:
6854:
6852:
6848:
6847:
6845:
6844:
6839:
6833:
6831:
6827:
6826:
6824:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6803:
6798:
6792:
6790:
6786:
6785:
6783:
6782:
6777:
6772:
6767:
6762:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6727:
6722:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6692:
6686:
6684:
6680:
6679:
6672:
6670:
6668:
6667:
6662:
6657:
6656:
6655:
6645:
6639:
6637:
6633:
6632:
6618:
6617:
6610:
6603:
6595:
6586:
6585:
6578:
6575:
6574:
6571:
6570:
6568:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6546:
6544:
6540:
6539:
6537:
6536:
6531:
6525:
6523:
6516:
6515:Related topics
6512:
6511:
6509:
6508:
6503:
6498:
6493:
6487:
6485:
6481:
6480:
6477:
6476:
6474:
6473:
6471:United Kingdom
6468:
6463:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6441:Czech Republic
6437:
6435:
6431:
6430:
6428:
6427:
6426:
6425:
6415:
6410:
6409:
6408:
6397:
6395:
6388:
6384:
6383:
6380:
6379:
6377:
6376:
6371:
6366:
6360:
6358:
6354:
6353:
6351:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6334:
6333:
6323:
6317:
6315:
6311:
6310:
6308:
6307:
6302:
6301:
6300:
6290:
6285:
6280:
6275:
6270:
6265:
6260:
6255:
6249:
6247:
6246:Southeast Asia
6243:
6242:
6240:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6218:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6196:
6194:
6187:
6183:
6182:
6180:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6143:
6141:
6137:
6136:
6134:
6133:
6132:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6095:
6094:
6083:
6081:
6077:
6076:
6062:
6060:
6058:
6057:
6052:
6050:Canary Islands
6046:
6044:
6038:
6037:
6030:
6029:
6022:
6015:
6007:
6001:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5984:
5978:
5973:
5967:
5954:
5953:
5952:
5941:
5935:
5929:
5923:
5917:
5909:
5908:External links
5906:
5905:
5904:
5898:
5885:
5879:
5866:
5860:
5845:
5842:
5839:
5838:
5808:
5777:
5746:
5712:
5681:
5665:www.mindan.org
5652:
5623:
5592:
5563:
5534:
5494:
5467:
5457:
5447:
5418:
5387:
5374:
5349:
5301:
5276:
5241:
5212:
5183:
5160:
5124:
5093:
5056:
5047:www.mindan.org
5034:
5021:
4994:
4965:
4958:
4940:
4922:
4915:
4894:
4873:
4854:
4829:
4806:
4777:
4761:Korea-np.co.jp
4748:
4714:
4689:
4680:|journal=
4665:on 2007-06-16.
4642:
4613:
4582:
4568:. 2003-01-06.
4551:
4548:on 2007-01-25.
4528:
4510:Moon, Rennie.
4502:
4493:|journal=
4455:
4425:
4398:
4369:
4341:
4312:
4282:
4250:
4221:
4179:
4139:
4120:
4113:
4086:
4057:
4040:
4034:Sankei Shimbun
4023:
4014:
3977:
3952:
3943:
3914:
3892:
3860:
3831:
3825:. Lit Verlag.
3813:
3784:
3781:on 2014-04-06.
3755:
3718:
3682:
3633:
3596:
3565:
3551:
3518:
3493:
3486:
3464:
3433:
3426:
3404:
3378:
3350:
3322:
3318:on 2024-09-03.
3302:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3257:
3256:
3255:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3173:Kantō Massacre
3170:
3165:
3164:
3163:
3153:
3147:
3146:
3130:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3118:
3111:
3109:
3104:
3097:
3095:
3090:
3083:
3081:
3076:
3069:
3067:
3062:
3055:
3053:
3048:
3041:
3039:
3034:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3018:
3011:
3009:
3004:
2997:
2995:
2990:
2983:
2981:
2976:
2969:
2967:
2962:
2955:
2953:
2950:Kang Sang-jung
2948:
2941:
2939:
2934:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2920:Shigenori Tōgō
2918:
2911:
2909:
2904:
2897:
2895:
2890:
2883:
2881:
2876:
2869:
2867:
2862:
2855:
2853:
2848:
2841:
2839:
2834:
2827:
2814:
2813:Notable people
2811:
2787:'s 2017 novel
2760:Dear Pyongyang
2739:-winning book
2686:
2683:
2595:
2592:
2558:Hanshin Tigers
2518:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2480:Transcriptions
2473:
2472:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2428:
2422:
2421:
2420:Transcriptions
2413:
2412:
2405:
2399:
2398:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2368:
2365:
2239:
2238:Korean schools
2236:
2184:show elections
2152:social welfare
2136:
2133:
2119:
2116:
2097:special status
2037:
2034:
2022:naturalization
1971:
1970:Discrimination
1968:
1934:
1931:
1860:Main article:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1827:
1824:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1782:Dear Pyongyang
1763:Kang Chol-Hwan
1682:
1679:
1612:
1609:
1550:Daikan Minkoku
1451:
1448:
1385:
1382:
1368:, now part of
1364:, present-day
1349:
1346:
1293:
1290:
1269:
1266:
1257:
1254:
1252:(美濃國) region.
1223:
1220:
1203:
1200:
1180:
1177:
1167:
1166:Pre-modern era
1164:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1070:
1067:
898:
897:
895:
894:
887:
880:
872:
869:
868:
867:
866:
856:
841:
840:
837:
836:
835:
834:
829:
824:
817:
815:Makoto Sakurai
812:
810:Kantō Massacre
807:
796:
794:Discrimination
793:
792:
789:
788:
785:
784:
779:
778:
777:
765:
759:
756:
755:
752:
751:
748:
747:
742:
737:
732:
731:
730:
723:
713:
712:
711:
700:
697:
696:
693:
692:
689:
688:
683:
678:
672:
669:
668:
665:
664:
661:
660:
655:
650:
645:
639:
636:
635:
632:
631:
628:
627:
622:
621:
620:
609:
606:
605:
602:
601:
595:
594:
582:
581:
578:
577:
574:
573:
566:
560:
559:
558:Transcriptions
551:
550:
543:
537:
536:
529:
523:
522:
518:
517:
514:
513:
506:
500:
499:
496:Jaeil Hangugin
492:
486:
485:
484:Transcriptions
477:
476:
469:
463:
462:
455:
449:
448:
444:
443:
440:
439:
432:
426:
425:
422:Jaeil Joseonin
418:
412:
411:
410:Transcriptions
403:
402:
395:
389:
388:
381:
375:
374:
370:
369:
366:
365:
357:
356:
342:
341:
337:
336:
302:
301:
297:
296:
277:
276:
272:
271:
248:
247:
243:
242:
240:
239:
236:
233:
230:
227:
224:
221:
218:
215:
212:
205:
204:
203:
202:
201:
185:
169:
159:
158:
154:
153:
146:
138:
137:
108:
98:
95:
94:
49:
47:
40:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8042:
8031:
8028:
8026:
8023:
8021:
8018:
8016:
8013:
8011:
8008:
8007:
8005:
7985:
7982:
7979:
7976:
7973:
7970:
7967:
7964:
7961:
7958:
7955:
7952:
7949:
7946:
7943:
7940:
7937:
7934:
7933:
7931:
7929:
7927:Comfort women
7923:
7916:
7913:
7910:
7907:
7904:
7901:
7898:
7895:
7892:
7889:
7886:
7883:
7880:
7877:
7874:
7871:
7868:
7865:
7863:
7860:
7858:
7855:
7853:
7850:
7848:
7845:
7843:
7840:
7838:
7835:
7833:
7830:
7828:
7825:
7824:
7822:
7818:
7812:
7809:
7807:
7804:
7802:
7799:
7797:
7794:
7791:
7788:
7786:
7783:
7781:
7780:Hyochang Park
7778:
7776:
7773:
7771:
7768:
7766:
7765:Gyeongbokgung
7763:
7761:
7758:
7757:
7755:
7751:
7741:
7738:
7736:
7733:
7731:
7728:
7726:
7723:
7721:
7718:
7716:
7713:
7712:
7710:
7708:
7702:
7696:
7693:
7691:
7688:
7684:
7681:
7680:
7679:
7676:
7674:
7671:
7669:
7666:
7664:
7661:
7659:
7656:
7654:
7651:
7650:
7648:
7646:
7644:Collaborators
7640:
7633:
7630:
7627:
7624:
7621:
7618:
7615:
7612:
7609:
7606:
7603:
7600:
7597:
7594:
7591:
7588:
7585:
7582:
7578:
7575:
7574:
7572:
7569:
7566:
7563:
7560:
7557:
7554:
7551:
7550:
7548:
7544:
7538:
7535:
7533:
7530:
7528:
7525:
7523:
7520:
7518:
7515:
7513:
7510:
7509:
7507:
7503:
7497:
7494:
7491:
7487:
7486:Comfort women
7484:
7483:
7481:
7479:Controversies
7477:
7467:
7464:
7462:
7459:
7457:
7454:
7452:
7449:
7448:
7446:
7442:
7436:
7433:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7421:
7418:
7417:
7415:
7411:
7403:
7400:
7399:
7398:
7395:
7392:
7389:
7387:
7384:
7381:
7378:
7375:
7372:
7369:
7366:
7365:
7363:
7359:
7344:
7341:
7338:
7334:
7331:
7330:
7328:
7324:
7319:
7313:
7309:
7302:
7297:
7295:
7290:
7288:
7283:
7282:
7279:
7267:
7266:
7257:
7255:
7251:
7250:
7247:
7241:
7238:
7237:
7235:
7231:
7225:
7222:
7220:
7217:
7215:
7212:
7210:
7207:
7205:
7202:
7200:
7197:
7195:
7192:
7190:
7187:
7185:
7182:
7180:
7177:
7175:
7172:
7168:
7165:
7164:
7163:
7160:
7156:
7153:
7152:
7151:
7148:
7146:
7143:
7142:
7140:
7136:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7117:
7115:
7112:
7110:
7107:
7103:
7102:Sumunkur Ainu
7100:
7098:
7095:
7093:
7092:Ishikari Ainu
7090:
7089:
7088:
7085:
7084:
7082:
7078:
7072:
7069:
7067:
7064:
7062:
7059:
7057:
7054:
7052:
7049:
7047:
7044:
7042:
7039:
7037:
7034:
7032:
7029:
7027:
7024:
7022:
7019:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7008:
7006:
7002:
6996:
6993:
6991:
6988:
6986:
6983:
6982:
6980:
6976:
6972:
6965:
6960:
6958:
6953:
6951:
6946:
6945:
6942:
6930:
6929:
6920:
6919:
6916:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6871:
6869:
6865:
6859:
6856:
6855:
6853:
6849:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6834:
6832:
6828:
6822:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6793:
6791:
6787:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6768:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6758:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6748:
6746:
6743:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6688:
6687:
6685:
6681:
6676:
6666:
6663:
6661:
6658:
6654:
6651:
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6150:
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6144:
6142:
6140:South America
6138:
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6127:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6116:
6115:
6114:United States
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
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6100:
6097:
6093:
6090:
6089:
6088:
6085:
6084:
6082:
6080:North America
6078:
6072:
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6056:
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6051:
6048:
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6045:
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6039:
6035:
6028:
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5988:
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5979:
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5958:
5957:The Han World
5955:
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5912:
5911:
5901:
5895:
5891:
5886:
5882:
5876:
5872:
5867:
5863:
5861:0-7425-3595-9
5857:
5853:
5848:
5847:
5827:
5823:
5819:
5812:
5796:
5792:
5788:
5781:
5765:
5761:
5757:
5750:
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5731:
5727:
5723:
5716:
5701:
5697:
5693:
5685:
5671:on 2016-12-28
5670:
5666:
5662:
5656:
5641:
5637:
5633:
5627:
5612:
5608:
5604:
5596:
5581:
5577:
5573:
5567:
5552:
5548:
5544:
5538:
5524:on 2016-03-04
5520:
5516:
5512:
5505:
5498:
5483:
5479:
5471:
5461:
5451:
5437:on 2001-08-02
5436:
5432:
5428:
5422:
5408:on 2002-02-24
5407:
5403:
5402:
5397:
5391:
5384:
5378:
5363:
5359:
5353:
5335:
5331:
5327:
5323:
5319:
5312:
5305:
5291:on 2011-02-10
5290:
5286:
5280:
5262:
5258:
5251:
5245:
5231:on 2014-10-12
5230:
5226:
5222:
5216:
5201:
5197:
5193:
5187:
5179:
5175:
5174:Chusun Online
5171:
5164:
5146:
5142:
5135:
5128:
5113:
5109:
5108:
5103:
5097:
5078:
5074:
5067:
5060:
5052:
5048:
5044:
5038:
5025:
5010:
5006:
4998:
4984:on 2012-08-03
4983:
4979:
4975:
4969:
4961:
4955:
4951:
4944:
4937:
4931:
4929:
4927:
4918:
4912:
4908:
4901:
4899:
4891:
4887:
4883:
4877:
4870:
4866:
4863:
4858:
4844:on 2006-09-12
4843:
4839:
4833:
4826:
4822:
4818:
4815:
4810:
4796:on 2011-02-08
4795:
4791:
4787:
4781:
4767:on 2011-02-10
4766:
4762:
4758:
4752:
4746:
4742:
4738:
4734:
4730:
4727:
4722:(in Japanese)
4718:
4704:on 2006-10-03
4703:
4699:
4698:"Yonhap News"
4693:
4685:
4672:
4661:
4653:
4650:Shin, Eunju.
4646:
4632:on 2009-02-21
4631:
4627:
4623:
4617:
4599:
4592:
4586:
4571:
4567:
4566:
4561:
4555:
4547:
4543:
4539:
4532:
4517:
4513:
4506:
4498:
4485:
4471:on 2007-09-27
4470:
4466:
4459:
4452:
4441:on 2007-03-17
4440:
4436:
4429:
4421:
4417:
4413:
4402:
4387:
4383:
4379:
4373:
4365:
4352:
4344:
4338:
4334:
4330:
4326:
4319:
4317:
4301:
4297:
4293:
4290:zenaplus.jp.
4286:
4280:
4276:
4273:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4254:
4239:
4235:
4231:
4225:
4217:
4211:
4196:
4192:
4186:
4184:
4169:on 2021-07-04
4165:
4161:
4157:
4156:ウェブマガジン『留学交流』
4150:
4143:
4136:
4132:
4129:
4124:
4116:
4110:
4106:
4102:
4095:
4093:
4091:
4082:
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4068:
4064:
4060:
4054:
4050:
4044:
4036:
4035:
4027:
4018:
3999:
3995:
3988:
3981:
3967:on 2008-04-01
3966:
3962:
3956:
3947:
3932:
3928:
3924:
3918:
3910:
3903:
3896:
3882:on 2006-02-21
3881:
3877:
3876:
3871:
3864:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3834:
3832:3-8258-4010-7
3828:
3824:
3817:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3788:
3777:
3773:
3766:
3763:Kimura, Kan.
3759:
3740:
3736:
3729:
3722:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3693:
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3689:
3687:
3678:
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3339:
3335:
3329:
3327:
3317:
3313:
3307:
3303:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3282:Yamato people
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3249:
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3133:
3121:
3115:
3110:
3107:
3101:
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3087:
3082:
3079:
3073:
3068:
3065:
3059:
3054:
3051:
3045:
3040:
3037:
3036:Kiko Mizuhara
3031:
3026:
3025:
3021:
3015:
3010:
3007:
3006:Yang Bang-ean
3001:
2996:
2993:
2987:
2982:
2979:
2973:
2968:
2965:
2959:
2954:
2951:
2945:
2940:
2937:
2931:
2926:
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2921:
2915:
2910:
2907:
2901:
2896:
2893:
2887:
2882:
2879:
2873:
2868:
2865:
2864:Shin Dong-bin
2859:
2854:
2851:
2845:
2840:
2837:
2836:Masayoshi Son
2831:
2826:
2825:
2820:
2810:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2791:
2786:
2783:, and author
2782:
2781:
2777:'s 2016 film
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2743:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2709:
2705:
2704:Nagisa Ōshima
2701:
2700:
2692:
2682:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2671:Sumiyoshi-kai
2668:
2667:
2661:
2659:
2655:
2650:
2648:
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2429:
2427:
2423:
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2414:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2392:
2390:
2386:
2383:Japanese name
2381:
2377:
2372:
2364:
2362:
2361:Kankoku gakkō
2358:
2357:Kankoku gakkō
2354:
2350:
2346:
2324:
2323:Kankoku Gakkō
2319:
2315:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2300:
2298:
2292:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2265:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2246:Classroom at
2244:
2235:
2233:
2229:
2224:
2220:
2215:
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2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
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2176:
2174:
2170:
2165:
2161:
2156:
2153:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2125:Japanese Diet
2115:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2080:
2072:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2043:
2033:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2010:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1992:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1976:
1967:
1964:
1958:
1956:
1947:
1939:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1910:
1906:
1903:
1899:
1894:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1863:
1849:
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1837:
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1831:
1823:
1821:
1816:
1801:
1799:
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1790:
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1783:
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1770:
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1649:
1644:
1640:
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1622:
1618:
1608:
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1602:
1594:
1589:
1585:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1566:
1564:
1559:
1551:
1543:
1539:
1538:Daehan Minguk
1535:
1531:
1527:
1522:
1514:
1504:
1503:
1492:
1478:
1473:
1469:
1464:
1456:
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1445:
1441:
1437:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1396:in 1948. The
1395:
1394:Jeju uprising
1391:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1334:
1332:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1265:
1263:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1206:In the later
1199:
1197:
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1186:
1176:
1174:
1163:
1157:
1149:
1141:
1137:
1132:
1130:
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1106:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1076:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1046:
1044:
1030:
1029:
1020:
1008:
1004:
999:
997:
993:
989:
985:
982:) are ethnic
975:
971:
966:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
928:Jeju uprising
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
904:
893:
888:
886:
881:
879:
874:
873:
871:
870:
865:
857:
855:
845:
844:
843:
842:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
822:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
805:Comfort women
803:
802:
801:
798:
797:
791:
790:
783:
780:
776:
773:
772:
771:
770:
766:
764:
761:
760:
754:
753:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
729:
728:
724:
722:
719:
718:
717:
714:
710:
707:
706:
705:
702:
701:
698:Organizations
695:
694:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
673:
667:
666:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
640:
634:
633:
626:
623:
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616:
615:
614:
611:
610:
604:
603:
600:
597:
596:
592:
588:
587:
579:
567:
565:
561:
556:
552:
544:
542:
538:
530:
528:
524:
521:Japanese name
519:
507:
505:
501:
493:
491:
487:
482:
478:
470:
468:
464:
456:
454:
450:
445:
433:
431:
427:
419:
417:
413:
408:
404:
396:
394:
390:
382:
380:
376:
371:
367:
362:
355:
351:
347:
346:Korean people
343:
338:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
273:
269:
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261:
257:
253:
249:
244:
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234:
231:
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225:
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219:
216:
213:
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181:
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167:
166:
164:
160:
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38:
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7801:Keijō Shrine
7775:Heijō Shrine
7678:Refrain Club
7505:Forced labor
7425:Hwacheon Dam
7402:State Shinto
7391:Sōshi-kaimei
7263:
7188:
6926:
6734:
6690:Bangladeshis
6221:
6055:South Africa
5889:
5870:
5851:
5830:. Retrieved
5822:The Guardian
5821:
5811:
5801:20 September
5799:. Retrieved
5780:
5768:. Retrieved
5759:
5749:
5738:. Retrieved
5729:
5725:
5715:
5704:. Retrieved
5695:
5684:
5673:. Retrieved
5669:the original
5664:
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5635:
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5615:. Retrieved
5606:
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5584:. Retrieved
5575:
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5555:. Retrieved
5546:
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5526:. Retrieved
5519:the original
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5497:
5486:. Retrieved
5470:
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5439:. Retrieved
5435:the original
5430:
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5410:. Retrieved
5406:the original
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5366:. Retrieved
5352:
5341:. Retrieved
5321:
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5289:the original
5279:
5268:. Retrieved
5256:
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5229:the original
5215:
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5178:the original
5173:
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5140:
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5086:November 19,
5084:. Retrieved
5072:
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4997:
4986:. Retrieved
4982:the original
4977:
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4906:
4884:, (3). 391.
4881:
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4842:the original
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4809:
4798:. Retrieved
4794:the original
4789:
4780:
4769:. Retrieved
4765:the original
4760:
4751:
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4724:Abe Shunji,
4717:
4706:. Retrieved
4702:the original
4692:
4671:cite journal
4660:the original
4645:
4634:. Retrieved
4630:the original
4616:
4605:. Retrieved
4585:
4574:. Retrieved
4563:
4554:
4546:the original
4541:
4531:
4520:. Retrieved
4505:
4484:cite journal
4473:. Retrieved
4469:the original
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4449:
4443:. Retrieved
4439:the original
4428:
4411:
4401:
4390:. Retrieved
4381:
4372:
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3771:
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3734:
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3342:. Retrieved
3316:the original
3306:
3168:Sōshi-kaimei
3143:Japan portal
3120:Ren Hayakawa
3050:Tadanari Lee
2892:Shinkun Haku
2878:Kim Chon-hae
2850:Shin Kyuk-ho
2798:
2794:
2788:
2778:
2765:
2758:
2751:Yang Yong-hi
2740:
2728:
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2607:
2605:
2585:
2544:
2521:
2426:Romanization
2360:
2356:
2337:, Japanese:
2322:
2320:
2316:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2301:
2293:
2264:Chōsen gakkō
2262:
2260:
2222:
2211:
2188:
2177:
2157:
2155:nationals".
2149:
2141:
2138:
2121:
2112:
2108:Modern Korea
2107:
2104:Gendai Korea
2103:
2101:
2088:
2081:
2071:Tōitsu Nippō
2070:
2061:Tong-il Ilbo
2060:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2042:assimilation
2039:
2036:Assimilation
2007:
1993:
1989:
1977:
1973:
1959:
1952:
1926:
1920:
1913:
1911:
1907:
1895:
1881:
1865:
1829:
1812:
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1699:Chōsen Sōren
1692:
1675:
1671:
1652:
1645:
1614:
1598:
1567:
1560:
1549:
1548:; Japanese:
1537:
1525:
1523:
1512:
1511:, Japanese:
1500:
1465:
1461:
1433:
1414:
1406:Syngman Rhee
1390:Syngman Rhee
1387:
1374:Soviet Union
1358:World War II
1351:
1338:World War II
1335:
1328:
1322:
1302:Bak Yeonghyo
1295:
1271:
1259:
1225:
1205:
1188:Yayoi period
1182:
1179:Yayoi period
1169:
1133:
1121:
1072:
1059:South Korean
1055:North Korean
1047:
1027:
1006:
1000:
992:World War II
953:
952:
942:(1982), the
827:Uyoku dantai
819:
767:
727:Choson Sinbo
725:
721:Chōsen gakkō
681:Ōkubo, Tokyo
598:
564:Romanization
349:
329:
326:Christianity
321:
309:
284:
259:
162:
99:Ethnic group
83:
74:
67:Please help
62:
51:
7938:(1946–1947)
7695:Yi Yun-yong
7592:(1920–1921)
7527:Sado Island
7435:Sup'ung Dam
7393:(1939–1945)
7382:(1920–1945)
7370:(1922–1944)
6978:Prehistoric
6858:Australians
6760:Sri Lankans
6720:Indonesians
6501:New Zealand
6456:Netherlands
6283:Philippines
5770:December 1,
5107:Munhwa Ilbo
4542:Japan Focus
4360:|name=
4292:"재일본한국인연합회"
3902:"日本帝国と東アジア"
3267:Ainu people
3243:Koryo-saram
3238:Koma Shrine
3106:Crystal Kay
2785:Min Jin Lee
2737:Naoki Prize
2725:Lee Sang-il
2586:During the
2570:Akira Maeda
2566:Riki Choshu
2374:Legal alias
2367:Legal alias
2363:near them.
2285:Kim Jong Un
2281:Kim Jong Il
2277:Kim Il Sung
2256:Kim Jong Il
2252:Kim Il Sung
2228:voting bloc
2219:North Korea
2180:North Korea
2160:South Korea
1887: [
1869:North Korea
1796:studied at
1732:(Japanese:
1648:Korean Wave
1633: [
1605:Chōsen-seki
1591:The second
1475: [
1306:Kim Ok-gyun
1238::
1063:nationality
976::
643:Chōsen-seki
196:North Korea
180:South Korea
147:Koreans in
71:if you can.
8004:Categories
7658:Hong Sa-ik
7537:Utoro, Uji
7430:Korean yen
7326:Government
7252:See also:
7150:Brazilians
7138:Immigrants
7066:Tsuchigumo
6780:Vietnamese
6755:Pakistanis
6745:Mongolians
6700:Cambodians
6648:Brazilians
6496:Micronesia
6364:Arab world
6321:Bangladesh
6314:South Asia
5832:2021-08-20
5740:2018-12-01
5706:2017-11-20
5675:2017-11-20
5646:2017-11-20
5617:2017-11-20
5586:2017-11-20
5557:2017-11-20
5528:2017-12-18
5488:2017-11-20
5441:2016-08-17
5431:Mindan.org
5412:2016-08-17
5368:2017-11-14
5343:2017-12-16
5295:2010-06-15
5270:2016-08-17
5235:2007-07-10
5206:2017-12-16
5154:2017-12-16
5118:2017-11-20
5015:2021-08-15
4988:2016-08-17
4848:2006-12-12
4800:2016-08-17
4771:2016-08-17
4708:2006-10-10
4636:2008-02-12
4607:2007-03-20
4576:2007-03-16
4522:2018-02-20
4475:2007-03-15
4445:2007-02-14
4420:B000JASSKK
4392:2024-04-18
4306:2017-11-20
4244:2017-11-20
4201:2017-11-20
4195:archive.fo
4173:2017-12-16
4058:4588625098
3971:2017-11-20
3937:2017-11-20
3886:2006-11-26
3854:2006-03-01
3807:2017-11-20
3712:2017-11-20
3590:2021-12-01
3542:2009-11-08
3512:2022-03-30
3398:2021-08-15
3372:2023-12-18
3344:2024-04-01
3298:References
3161:Utoro, Uji
2936:Lee Ahyumi
2775:Benson Lee
2715:Yoichi Sai
2702:(1968) by
2689:See also:
2506:T'ongmyŏng
2492:Tongmyeong
2449:Chosŏn'gŭl
1981:Shin-Ōkubo
1794:Lee Yangji
1722:Terao Gorō
1703:Gorō Terao
1593:Kobe riots
1402:Korean War
1274:Edo period
1228:Nihon Kōki
1152:在日本大韓民国青年会
1144:재일본대한민국청년회
1088:Chōsen-jin
1069:Statistics
932:Korean War
832:Zaitokukai
686:Utoro, Uji
379:Chosŏn'gŭl
334:Irreligion
256:Shin-Ōkubo
7879:Hibakusha
7444:Companies
7124:Ryukyuans
7046:Mishihase
7026:Koshibito
6899:Fushūgaku
6842:Nigerians
6837:Ghanaians
6710:Filipinos
6665:Peruvians
6643:Americans
6555:Koreatown
6529:Koryo-mar
6522:Languages
6491:Australia
6434:Elsewhere
6423:Kamchatka
6357:West Asia
6348:Sri Lanka
6343:Pakisatan
6288:Singapore
6263:Indonesia
6210:Hong Kong
6193:East Asia
6177:Venezuela
6147:Argentina
6104:Guatemala
5934:(English)
5928:(English)
5511:立命館国際地域研究
5324:: 55–75.
5257:Moj.go.jp
4745:0388-2780
4362:ignored (
4351:cite book
4210:cite news
4075:cite book
3677:147292906
3669:0020-8590
2992:Rikidōzan
2807:Apple TV+
2763:in 2005.
2755:Chongryon
2536:tsūshōmei
2325:(Korean:
2232:Chongryon
2014:Ryūkyūans
2009:burakumin
2000:Chongryon
1996:Mintohren
1826:Chongryon
1815:Chongryon
1677:economy.
1667:BLACKPINK
1621:Expo 2005
1611:Newcomers
1582:Chongryon
1330:burakumin
979:재일 한국/조선인
775:TV series
716:Chongryon
275:Languages
182:: 410,156
163:1,000,000
77:July 2024
64:arrivals.
7663:Iljinhoe
7265:Category
7209:Russians
7155:Dekasegi
7061:Satsumon
7031:Kumabito
6995:Toraijin
6928:Category
6867:See also
6821:Russians
6811:Italians
6725:Iranians
6660:Mexicans
6653:Dekasegi
6636:Americas
6550:Adoptees
6413:Sakhalin
6331:Varanasi
6293:Thailand
6273:Malaysia
6258:Cambodia
6227:Mongolia
6215:Shanghai
6162:Paraguay
5960:Archived
5826:Archived
5795:Archived
5764:Archived
5734:Archived
5700:Archived
5640:Archived
5611:Archived
5580:Archived
5551:Archived
5482:Archived
5383:John Lie
5362:Archived
5334:Archived
5261:Archived
5200:Archived
5145:Archived
5112:Archived
5077:Archived
5043:"Mindan"
5009:Archived
4978:Hrdc.net
4865:Archived
4817:Archived
4729:Archived
4598:Archived
4570:Archived
4565:BBC News
4516:Archived
4386:Archived
4300:Archived
4275:Archived
4238:Archived
4131:Archived
4067:45861035
3998:Archived
3931:Archived
3848:Archived
3801:Archived
3739:Archived
3706:Archived
3617:Archived
3584:Archived
3536:Archived
3506:Archived
3451:Archived
3392:Archived
3366:Archived
3338:Archived
3129:See also
2799:pachinko
2795:Pachinko
2790:Pachinko
2642:yakiniku
2634:pachinko
2630:pachinko
2626:pachinko
2618:pachinko
2609:pachinko
2223:de facto
2207:Kanagawa
2195:Kawasaki
2162:. Since
1985:Ikuno-ku
1710:Wikidata
1366:Sakhalin
1286:Nagasaki
1250:Minokuni
1185:Iron Age
1156:Japanese
1148:Japanese
1118:Overview
1028:Zainichi
1013:在日韓国・朝鮮人
994:and the
864:Category
769:Pachinko
757:In media
670:Enclaves
591:a series
589:Part of
533:在日韓国・朝鮮人
306:Buddhism
300:Religion
281:Japanese
268:Ikuno-ku
198:: 24,305
111:在日韓国・朝鮮人
52:require
7950:(1992–)
7944:(1990–)
7917:(2018–)
7899:(1987–)
7881:(1945–)
7875:(1945–)
7869:(1945–)
7792:(Seoul)
7573:(1920)
7413:Economy
7233:Related
7189:Koreans
7162:Chinese
7051:Okhotsk
7004:Ancient
6851:Oceania
6796:Britons
6750:Nepalis
6735:Koreans
6715:Indians
6705:Chinese
6695:Burmese
6484:Oceania
6451:Germany
6406:Ukraine
6305:Vietnam
6278:Myanmar
6205:Beijing
6172:Uruguay
6129:by city
5791:Variety
5465:Canada)
5455:Shoten.
4272:Alt URL
3574:"가라포고이"
3478:xxxviii
3020:Miri Yu
2353:Ishioka
2345:Ibaraki
1773:Beijing
1595:in 1950
1336:Before
1284:, near
1272:In the
1113:History
984:Koreans
637:Culture
607:History
258:)
206:Details
54:cleanup
7986:(2015)
7980:(2007)
7974:(2000)
7968:(1998)
7962:(1994)
7956:(1993)
7911:(2005)
7905:(1995)
7893:(1965)
7887:(1952)
7820:Legacy
7634:(1942)
7628:(1937)
7622:(1932)
7616:(1929)
7610:(1926)
7604:(1923)
7598:(1922)
7586:(1920)
7567:(1919)
7561:(1919)
7555:(1911)
7546:Events
7376:(1929)
7214:Tatars
7174:French
7129:Yamato
7114:Matagi
7036:Kumaso
7021:Hayato
7016:Emishi
6884:Gaijin
6830:Africa
6801:French
6789:Europe
6775:Uzbeks
6506:Hawaii
6461:Poland
6446:France
6387:Europe
6374:Turkey
6253:Brunei
6237:Taiwan
6152:Brazil
6124:Hawaii
6109:Mexico
6087:Canada
6042:Africa
5896:
5877:
5858:
5696:聯合ニュース
4956:
4913:
4786:"CBSi"
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4408:38度線の北
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3078:Miyavi
3064:Verbal
2675:yakuza
2669:group
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2574:judoka
2545:tsūmei
2463:Hancha
2432:Tsūmei
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2331:;
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2308:daiken
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2289:Songun
2283:, and
2273:Korean
2205:, and
2191:Mindan
2069:), or
2030:Joseon
2018:Nivkhs
1963:Mindan
1835:alike;
1820:Mindan
1735:38度線の北
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1574:Chōren
1570:Mindan
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1502:Joseon
1485:外国人登録令
1468:Taiwan
1370:Russia
1308:, and
1282:Kyūshū
1236:Korean
1192:showed
1140:Korean
1136:Mindan
1051:Joseon
974:Korean
704:Mindan
473:在日 韓國人
459:재일 한국인
453:Hangul
399:在日 朝鮮人
393:Hancha
385:재일 조선인
350:·
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330:·
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310:·
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289:Korean
285:·
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128:재일 한국인
117:재일 조선인
7790:Keijō
7224:Turks
7219:Thais
7204:Oroks
7199:Nivkh
7194:Kurds
7179:Irish
7145:Arabs
7071:Wajin
7056:Saeki
7011:Azumi
6990:Yayoi
6985:Jōmon
6816:Poles
6806:Irish
6770:Turks
6765:Thais
6740:Kurds
6543:Misc.
6466:Spain
6338:Nepal
6326:India
6222:Japan
6200:China
6157:Chile
5522:(PDF)
5507:(PDF)
5337:(PDF)
5314:(PDF)
5264:(PDF)
5253:(PDF)
5148:(PDF)
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3558:1988
2906:Yi Un
2729:Chong
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1718:寺尾 五郎
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988:Japan
920:Osaka
912:Busan
527:Kanji
467:Hanja
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252:Tokyo
149:Osaka
133:south
122:north
7490:list
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7087:Ainu
7041:Kuzu
6730:Jews
6683:Asia
6369:Iran
6268:Laos
6186:Asia
6167:Peru
6119:list
6099:Cuba
6092:list
5894:ISBN
5875:ISBN
5856:ISBN
5803:2020
5772:2018
5602:協会概要
5196:朝鮮新報
5088:2017
4954:ISBN
4911:ISBN
4741:ISSN
4684:help
4497:help
4416:ASIN
4364:help
4337:ISBN
4216:link
4109:ISBN
4081:link
4063:OCLC
4053:ISBN
4009:2017
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3665:ISSN
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3459:2018
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2328:한국학교
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2076:統一日報
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