510:. Eventually, the 60th Armored was moved south to Hebron, while the 40th Armored was moved north to Jericho. This was based on the idea that the Syrians would move in to support the northern end, while Egypt would move in to support the southern end - neither event materialized. When the Israelis launched their preemptive attack, the Jordanians suffered greatly from the Israeli air superiority. The 60th Armored Brigade alone lost half of its eighty tanks, mostly to air attacks. The air attacks were so severe that Ibn Shaker recalled nearly being killed by napalm:
534:, Ibn Shaker was stationed on the border between Israel and Jordan. Although he was opposed to Palestinian activities against Israel, he was also opposed to Israeli attacks on Jordanian soil. On March 20, 1968, while gazing out at the Israeli side, he noticed the oncoming attack. "They were massing their forces," he would later say, "and not even bothering to hide their attack." He went to Karameh and inspected the Palestinian positions there. Assured that they were prepared, he went back to Amman to attend the birthday party of Crown Prince
730:, which had been stronger than the government expected. Hussein adopted a hard line stance towards opponents of the accords, and banned meetings against it by Islamist, leftist, and nationalist groups. This stifled dissent "even at the expense, in the opinion of some observers, of a slowdown of the democratization process." During this time Israel completed their withdrawal from Jordanian territory. Ibn Shaker also attempted to clear the way for increased trade and investment by implementing economic normalization.
1976:
286:
538:, the king's brother. During the party, Hussein took Ibn Shaker aside and said, "You should leave early and try to get some sleep. The attack will probably happen tomorrow." Sure enough, at 5:00 A.M., Hussein was told that the Israelis were crossing the river into Jordanian territory. He telephoned his officers, Ibn Shakir among them, and said, "The fun has started."
633:. In the second phase, the Jordanian army pushed the PLO out of the cities and towns and into the hills Ajlun and north-central Jordan. From town to town, refugee camp to refugee camp, the Jordanians purged civilian areas of any PLO personnel. Massive firepower and indiscriminate were employed. By April 1971, all PLO fighters were out of Amman, and the
396:, and Zaid ibn Shakir himself had been personally linked with King Hussein throughout his military career. In addition to his high palace position, he also filled a then newly created post of adviser to the king on national security, which implied that Zaid bin Shaker would retain considerable influence over military policies.
685:. Ibn Shakir was appointed as prime minister, with orders to curb corruption, ease discontent over unpopular economic measures, and arrange a general election as soon as possible. At the time, Ibn Shaker was seen as an intermediary between those who opposed elections and the reformers who desired elections.
706:
resigned as prime minister after the collapse of his government. Ibn Shaker was once again called in, this time to reform the economy, renew Arab unity which had been damaged since the invasion of Iraq, and reach accommodation for the Muslim
Brotherhood. However, Shaker's government generally favored
541:
The Arab forces fought well, and were aided by a low cloud cover that hampered the
Israeli ground-attack aircraft. The Israelis retreated back into their territory after ten hours of fighting. Twenty-nine Israeli soldiers would be lost, while the Jordanians lost twenty-five, and the Palestinians 128.
624:
During an interim in the attacks against the PLO, Ibn Shaker was given command over the operations. He assisted the general staff learned from previous mistakes, and used those lessons for further operations. With this new direction - along with new armor from the United States - a renewed offensive
600:
positions within Amman with his 60th
Armored Brigade. The Jordanians had over 35,000 troops, the bulk of the Jordanian combat units at the time. Despite this, the Jordanian military still met with problems due to dated weaponry and narrow streets of the city, which provided perfect defense cover for
612:
On
September 19, 300 Syrian tanks attacked Jordanian forces in the Irbid region. They were eventually driven off after attacks from the Jordanian air force, as well as backing from the United States and Israel. Regarding the Syrian incursion into Jordan, Ibn Shaker would later remark: "Some of us,
592:
and
Jordanian army was a near daily occurrence. As a result, Ibn Shaker was reappointed Deputy Chief of Staff. The PLO saw his return to power as a sign that Jordan was "determined to strike and liquidate the resistance movement". As the situation in Jordan escalated, the international community
387:
Field
Marshal General of the Army Sharif Zaid ibn Shakir was a cousin of King Hussein. He joined the military and served with the future King Hussein. In 1957 and 1958 he was the assistant military attache at the Embassy of Jordan in London. He served in a number of positions in the Jordanian
470:, he was sent to the Zarqa barracks to ascertain the situation. He found anarchic conditions, with rumors circling that the king had been assassinated, and uncertainty regarding individual loyalties. The arrival of the king eventually quelled confusion, and order was restored.
514:
When you're strafed you have to jump out of your vehicle - I was in a Land Rover - and throw yourself in a ditch. They hit the wireless car behind me. They used a lot of napalm. A napalm bomb ricocheted on the asphalt near me, went about 200 yards and exploded. God was on my
707:
the conservatives and ignored the
Brotherhood. It survived a nonconfidence motion in December 1991, at a vote of 46-27. In 1992, all martial law regulations imposed by King Hussein since the 1967 war were removed, and political parties were once again allowed to register.
388:
military, including being a tank commander at both the brigade and division level. On 8 January 1996 he was made chief of staff for the armed services, which post he held until resigning in 1988. In June 1987 he was made field marshal. Being a
498:
In the events leading up to the war in 1967, Jordanian public opinion was strongly in favor of war. Ibn Shaker commented at a press conference in May of that year, "If Jordan does not join the war a civil war will erupt in Jordan."
725:
resigned as prime minister, Ibn Shaker was once again appointed. The government emphasized their economic plans, but primarily focused on normalizing relations with Israel. This was due to the vocal opposition to
39:
593:
began to lose faith in
Hussein's ability to lead. This, combined with pressure from his top generals (Ibn Shaker included) and members of the political elite, led Hussein to decide for military action.
506:. Ibn Shaker was in charge of the 60th Armored brigade, then stationed in the Ain Qilt-Jericho area, which was, along with the 40th Armored Brigade, one of the key armored units in the Arab nations'
2373:
681:
In 1989, price increases related to the IMF-mandated austerity program caused riots in Amman and several
Jordanian cities, leading to the resignation of Jordanian government under Prime Minister
458:
in the early 1950's, where he met
Hussein, and during this time the two became close friends. Returning to Jordan in 1956, Ibn Shaker was among a group of officers who participated in the
2393:
549:
After the battle, Ibn Shaker led a tribute to those who had died in the battle at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. He later revealed a new monument to the Karameh martyrs in Irbid.
760:
said of Ibn Shaker, "He passed away after a journey full of giving and achievement and long years of work and diligence in the service of the homeland and the Hashemite throne."
748:
At the age of 68, Ibn Shaker died of a heart attack on August 30, 2002, in Amman. His funeral was held in the Royal Guard Mosque, and he was buried in the royal tombs.
2378:
813:
637:
had been pushed into a pocket of defense between Ajlun and Jarash. On July 13, the last offensive against the PLO was launched, and on July 18 the last of the
477:
1876:
767:
listed Zaid ibn Shaker as an example of Arab generals in recent decades who had proven to be "first-rate generals", listing him alongside Syria's
1023:
2388:
463:
507:
663:
459:
258:
1037:
345:
1869:
473:
In 1957, he was appointed as an assistant to the Jordanian military attache in Britain, and would hold that position until 1958.
2418:
1590:
1518:
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1484:
1450:
1416:
1343:
1309:
1245:
1206:
1167:
1133:
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1000:
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901:
784:
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was launched in November 1970. The first phase of the operation saw the retaking of major urban areas such as Amman,
570:
581:
would only result in all out conflict, Hussein conceded, and announced Ibn Shaker's resignation. Later that month,
455:
727:
428:(later King Abdullah I) by providing him a horse and camel to escape. Zaid's father had likewise served with
2403:
436:
2398:
404:
Ibn Shaker was born on September 4, 1934, in Amman. His father, Shakir Ibn Zaid, had participated in the
2413:
649:
In 1972, Ibn Shaker was appointed Chief of Staff. In 1976, he took the position of Commander in Chief.
656:, Ibn Shakir opposed Jordanian support, worried that it would create a recurrence of Black September.
585:
guerillas not only attempted to kill the king, but also killed Jozza Ibn Shaker, Ibn Shaker's sister.
772:
2383:
1885:
1836:
1809:
1782:
369:
50:
992:
Heads of States and Governments: A Worldwide Encyclopedia of Over 2,300 Leaders, 1945 through 1992
688:
In November of that year, parliamentary elections were held in Jordan, the very first since 1967.
1097:
535:
95:
1900:
1846:
365:
214:
1408:
Terror in black September : the first eyewitness account of the infamous 1970 hijackings
577:
forces in June 1970, the PLO demanded Ibn Shaker's dismissal. Fearing that opposition to the
349:
588:
Ibn Shaker's dismissal did nothing to ease tension, and by late August fighting between the
502:
By the time conflict broke out, Jordanian forces were under the command of Egyptian General
2363:
2358:
2237:
1829:
1819:
734:
613:
including myself, did not really think the Syrians would attack. We didn't believe that an
565:
425:
140:
83:
1910:
8:
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1041:
417:
2152:
2122:
2107:
2032:
2022:
2007:
1955:
1017:
764:
662:
In 1988, Ibn Shakir was appointed Chief of the Royal Court, as well as director of the
653:
630:
361:
38:
2257:
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1940:
1930:
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1514:
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996:
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897:
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757:
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525:
409:
161:
116:
71:
2317:
2292:
2287:
2272:
2147:
2137:
2087:
2067:
2042:
1854:
652:
In 1984, when Hussein was beginning talks with Yasser Arafat for the creation of a
531:
503:
413:
377:
325:
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1945:
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990:
956:
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891:
558:
353:
329:
1975:
2297:
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2102:
2082:
2077:
2062:
2057:
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2047:
2037:
2017:
2012:
2002:
1997:
1965:
1960:
1950:
1802:
429:
301:
128:
926:"The Rise and Fall of Hussein ibn Ali, King of the Hejaz and Sherief of Mecca"
546:
claimed it as a victory for the Palestinians, much to the chagrin of Hussein.
446:
Ibn Shaker would eventually be married and have two sons: Shaker and Nasreen.
2352:
2197:
2187:
1935:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1775:
1546:. United States: International Business Publications USA. 2012. p. 120.
543:
481:
311:
173:
1725:
Armies of Sand: The Past, Present, and Future of Arab Military Effectiveness
2322:
2267:
2212:
2192:
2177:
2157:
1792:
850:"Jordan: The death of Prince Zeid bin Shaker and the burial ceremony today"
689:
467:
373:
185:
1366:
Jabber, Fuad; Jabber, Paul; Lesch, Ann Mosely; Quandt, William B. (1973).
2312:
2282:
2217:
2167:
2027:
1128:(1st pbk. ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 102.
703:
493:
405:
321:
609:, and soon PLO forces had taken over Irbid and most of northern Jordan.
2307:
2202:
2172:
2127:
682:
440:
253:
2162:
2117:
2097:
1619:. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. p. 102.
768:
393:
389:
1269:"Jordan Commemorates Armed Forces Anniversary and Battle of Karameh"
958:
Crossing The Jordan River : the Journeys Of An Israeli Diplomat
360:) was a Jordanian military officer and politician who served as the
1510:
Jordan in the Middle East: The Making of a Pivotal State, 1948-1988
713:
was appointed prime minister of a transitional government in 1993.
421:
1543:
Jordan Country Study Guide: Strategic Information and Developments
1301:
The Palestinian Entity, 1959-1974 : Arab politics and the PLO
827:(fourth ed.). Federal Research Division, Library of Congress.
695:
After this, Ibn Shakir continued as a close adviser to the king.
605:. Ethnic Palestinians in the Jordanian army deserted to join the
2374:
Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire
1987:
1616:
Authoritarian Elections and Opposition Groups in the Arab World
626:
381:
291:
268:
26:
1411:(1st ed.). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 157.
1370:. United Kingdom: University of California Press. p. 120.
246:
210:
408:, where he led a group of tribal levies, as well as in the
1479:. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. p. 341.
1445:. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. p. 337.
1338:( ed.). London: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 108.
484:. Afterward, he would command the 1st Infantry Regiment,
432:, who described him as a "brave and courageous soldier".
23:
16:
Jordanian military officer and prime minister (1934–2002)
2394:
Non-U.S. alumni of the Command and General Staff College
1759:
392:, Zaid ibn Shaker's family had always been close to the
1365:
1383:
Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts: Issues 171-180
763:
Middle Eastern military and political affairs analyst
573:(PLO). When violence broke out between Jordanian and
1728:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 30.
563:
Ibn Shaker was opposed to the freedom granted to the
1884:
1507:
Pappé, Ilan; Nevo, Joseph, eds. (November 1, 1994).
659:In 1987, Ibn Shakir was promoted to field marshal.
1069:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 167.
896:. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. 2012. p. 453.
596:For two weeks, Ibn Shaker planned attacks against
1386:. United States Central Intelligence Agency. 1970
819:
2379:Honorary commanders of the Royal Victorian Order
2350:
1660:(1st ed.). London: Routledge. p. 136.
1585:. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications. p. 733.
1476:Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness, 1948-1991
1442:Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness, 1948-1991
745:Ibn Shaker was granted the title emir in 1996.
1578:
1066:From Abdullah to Hussein: Jordan in transition
1870:
1691:Business as Usual?: Economic Reform in Jordan
1649:
1647:
1645:
1643:
961:. Boca Raton, FL: Humanix Books. p. 43.
716:
698:
1233:
1155:
886:
884:
882:
880:
878:
876:
874:
872:
870:
810:"Jordan-Command Structure: The Armed Forces"
1574:
1572:
1570:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1038:"Ali Abunuwar Memoirs - The final decision"
923:
1877:
1863:
1640:
1162:. Pen and Sword Military. pp. 54–57.
1022:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
804:
802:
800:
37:
1657:A Political Chronology of the Middle East
1579:Lansford, Tom; Muller, Tom, eds. (2012).
1513:. Great Britain: Frank Cass. p. 83.
1506:
1304:. London, England: F. Cass. p. 139.
1234:Shlaim, Avi; Sayigh, Yezid, eds. (1997).
1198:The Fifty Years War: Israel and the Arabs
867:
460:Arabization of the Jordanian Army command
435:Ibn Shaker would go on to be educated at
259:US Army Command and General Staff College
63:8 January 1995 – 4 February 1996
1612:
1567:
1222:
1190:
1188:
1186:
844:
842:
840:
838:
836:
834:
676:
424:, Ibn Shakir's father saved the life of
368:for more than twelve years and the 27th
153:27 April 1989 – 6 December 1989
1721:
1694:. Lanham: Lexington Books. p. 65.
1687:
1472:
1438:
1368:The Politics of Palestinian Nationalism
1331:
1297:
1194:
1159:Tank Battles of the Cold War, 1948–1991
1062:
797:
108:21 November 1991 – 29 May 1993
2351:
1121:
621:country... but we were proved wrong."
1858:
1183:
988:
954:
831:
352:(4 September 1934 – 30 August 2002) (
1582:Political Handbook of the World 2012
1404:
737:as prime minister in February 1996.
519:
2389:Victoria College, Alexandria alumni
1653:
816:from the original on 16 April 2010.
671:
357:
13:
1974:
1201:. London, England: Penguin Books.
733:Eventually, Hussein would appoint
552:
449:
416:, during the conflict between the
14:
2430:
1753:
1335:Arafat: From Defender to Dictator
893:Dictionary Of Modern Arab History
785:List of prime ministers of Jordan
773:Husayn Rashid Muhammad at-Tikriti
571:Palestine Liberation Organization
478:Command and General Staff College
1760:Prime Ministry of Jordan website
1688:Carroll, Katherine Blue (2003).
1240:. Clarendon Press. p. 118.
1237:The Cold War and the Middle East
284:
1715:
1681:
1606:
1534:
1500:
1466:
1432:
1398:
1374:
1359:
1325:
1291:
1261:
1149:
1115:
756:At his funeral, Prime Minister
692:was elected as prime minister.
2337:
1156:Tucker-Jones, Anthony (2021).
1090:
1056:
1030:
982:
948:
917:
487:
1:
2419:20th-century Jordanian people
924:Aboul-Enein, Youssef (2010).
740:
617:country would attack another
476:In 1963, he would attend the
399:
1722:Pollack, Kenneth M. (2019).
1473:Pollack, Kenneth M. (2002).
1439:Pollack, Kenneth M. (2002).
728:the peace treaty with Israel
644:
466:, when Shaker was Hussein's
269:http://www.zaidbinshaker.com
7:
2409:Defence ministers of Jordan
1063:Satloff, Robert B. (1994).
989:Lentz, Harris, ed. (1995).
778:
10:
2435:
1613:Buttorff, Gail J. (2019).
717:Prime Minister (1995-1996)
699:Prime Minister (1991-1993)
556:
523:
491:
454:Ibn Shaker was trained at
2369:Prime ministers of Jordan
2331:
1986:
1972:
1899:
1886:Prime ministers of Jordan
1843:
1834:
1826:
1816:
1807:
1799:
1789:
1780:
1772:
1767:
1332:Aburish, Saïd K. (2004).
1122:Mutawi, Samir A. (2002).
751:
335:
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77:
67:
56:
49:
45:
36:
21:
1837:Prime Minister of Jordan
1810:Prime Minister of Jordan
1783:Prime Minister of Jordan
995:. London. p. 1684.
790:
370:Prime Minister of Jordan
51:Prime Minister of Jordan
1298:Shemesh, Moshe (1988).
1195:Bregman, Ahron (1998).
825:Jordan: A Country Study
96:Abdul Karim al-Kabariti
1980:
1901:Emirate of Transjordan
1847:Abdelkarim al-Kabariti
1125:Jordan in the 1967 war
517:
215:Emirate of Transjordan
1978:
955:Rosen, Jacob (2002).
677:Prime Minister (1989)
512:
1830:Abdelsalam al-Majali
1820:Abdelsalam al-Majali
1405:Raab, David (2007).
735:Abdul Karim Kabariti
384:on 4 February 1996.
141:Abdelsalam al-Majali
84:Abdelsalam al-Majali
2404:Jordanian diplomats
1654:Lea, David (2001).
418:Sharifian Caliphate
2399:Jordanian generals
1981:
1768:Political offices
1279:(3): 1. March 1985
765:Kenneth M. Pollack
366:Jordanian military
362:commander-in-chief
358:الامير زيد بن شاكر
2414:Princes of Jordan
2346:
2345:
1988:Kingdom of Jordan
1853:
1852:
1844:Succeeded by
1817:Succeeded by
1790:Succeeded by
1592:978-1-4522-3434-2
1520:978-0-7146-3454-8
1098:"Zaid ibn Shaker"
821:Helen Chapin Metz
812:. December 1989.
758:Ali Abu Al-Ragheb
723:Abdelsalam Majali
711:Abdelsalam Majali
654:Palestinian state
526:Battle of Karameh
520:Battle of Karameh
410:Al-Khurma dispute
339:
338:
2426:
2341:
2338:
2335:
1894:
1879:
1872:
1865:
1856:
1855:
1841:1995–1996
1827:Preceded by
1814:1991–1993
1800:Preceded by
1787:1989–1989
1773:Preceded by
1765:
1764:
1747:
1746:
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1713:
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1108:
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1053:
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1049:
1040:. Archived from
1034:
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1021:
1013:
1011:
1009:
986:
980:
979:
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952:
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914:
912:
910:
888:
865:
864:
862:
860:
846:
829:
828:
817:
806:
672:Political career
536:Hassan ibn Talal
532:War of Attrition
504:Abdul Munim Riad
437:Victoria College
414:Battle of Turbah
376:awarded him the
359:
326:War of Attrition
290:
288:
287:
275:Military service
227:
208:4 September 1934
196:Personal details
182:
170:
151:
137:
125:
106:
92:
80:
61:
41:
19:
18:
2434:
2433:
2429:
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2425:
2424:
2423:
2384:House of Hashim
2349:
2348:
2347:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2327:
1990:
1982:
1970:
1903:
1895:
1888:
1883:
1849:
1840:
1832:
1822:
1813:
1805:
1795:
1786:
1778:
1756:
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1720:
1716:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1686:
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1652:
1641:
1631:
1629:
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1611:
1607:
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1577:
1568:
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1554:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1505:
1501:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1471:
1467:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1437:
1433:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1403:
1399:
1389:
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318:Battles/wars
226:(2002-08-30)
186:Mudar Badran
181:Succeeded by
148:
136:Succeeded by
103:
91:Succeeded by
58:
2364:2002 deaths
2359:1934 births
2103:S. Al-Rifai
2053:S. Al-Rifai
2018:S. Al-Rifai
2003:S. Al-Rifai
1961:S. Al-Rifai
1904:(1921–1946)
771:and Iraq's
704:Taher Masri
530:During the
494:Six Day War
488:Six Day War
406:Arab Revolt
322:Six-Day War
238:Independent
169:Preceded by
124:Preceded by
79:Preceded by
2353:Categories
2233:ibn Shaker
2223:ibn Shaker
2208:ibn Shaker
2123:ibn Nasser
2108:ibn Nasser
2033:T. Al-Huda
2023:T. Al-Huda
2008:T. Al-Huda
1956:T. Al-Huda
1941:H. Al-Huda
1931:H. Al-Huda
741:Later life
683:Zaid Rifai
665:Mukhabarat
441:Alexandria
400:Early life
280:Allegiance
254:Alma mater
2318:Khasawneh
2268:A. Badran
2243:A. Majali
2213:M. Badran
2193:M. Badran
2178:M. Badran
2153:Al-Abbasi
2088:H. Majali
2043:H. Majali
1936:al-Rikabi
1921:al-Rikabi
1102:Munzinger
1018:cite book
769:Ali Aslan
645:1971-1989
456:Sandhurst
412:. At the
390:Hashemite
380:title of
243:Residence
149:In office
104:In office
59:In office
2340:military
2308:H. Mulki
2298:Tarawneh
2253:Rawabdeh
2248:Tarawneh
2238:Kabariti
2203:Z. Rifai
2173:Z. Rifai
2148:A. Rifai
2143:Talhouni
2138:A. Rifai
2133:Talhouni
2113:Talhouni
2093:Talhouni
2083:Al-Rifai
2028:F. Mulki
1741:25 April
1707:25 April
1673:25 April
1632:25 April
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1492:25 April
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1273:Al Urdun
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1107:25 April
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1008:25 April
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940:25 April
909:25 April
859:25 April
814:Archived
779:See also
639:fedayeen
635:fedayeen
607:fedayeen
603:fedayeen
598:fedayeen
590:fedayeen
583:fedayeen
579:fedayeen
575:fedayeen
566:fedayeen
422:Ibn Saud
2334:interim
2198:Obeidat
2073:Khalidi
2068:Nabulsi
1991:(1946–)
936:(3): 28
480:in the
364:of the
265:Website
162:Hussein
158:Monarch
117:Hussein
113:Monarch
72:Hussein
68:Monarch
2323:Hassan
2313:Razzaz
2288:Bakhit
2278:Dahabi
2273:Bakhit
2228:Majali
2188:Rimawi
2183:Sharaf
2158:Toukan
2078:Hashem
2063:Hashem
2048:Hashem
1998:Hashem
1979:Jordan
1966:Hashem
1951:Hashem
1926:Raslan
1916:Raslan
1911:Ṭaliʽa
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354:Arabic
292:Jordan
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2283:Rifai
2263:Fayez
2218:Masri
2168:Lawzi
2128:Jumaa
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2038:Mufti
2013:Mufti
1946:Siraj
930:Armor
818:from
791:Notes
627:Ajlun
515:side.
247:Amman
211:Amman
1891:List
1743:2022
1730:ISBN
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