Yup'ik - Knowledge

4922: 6703: 1733: 4575: 5444: 1499: 6449: 6011: 5585: 1641: 4528: 5666: 2232: 5134: 1825:, where hot fires and rocks produced heat to aid in body cleansing. Thus, the qasgiq was a residence, bathhouse, and workshop for all but the youngest male community members who still lived with their mothers. Although there were no formally recognized leaders or offices to be held, men and boys were assigned specific places within the qasgiq that distinguished the rank of males by age and residence. The qasgiq was a ceremonial and spiritual center for the community. 1401:, shelter, tools, kayaks, and other essentials. These great creatures were sensitive; they were believed able to understand human conversations, and they demanded and received respect. Yuuyaraq prescribed the correct method of hunting and fishing and the correct way of handling all fish and game caught by the hunter in order to honor and appease the spirits and maintain a harmonious relationship with the fish and game. Although unwritten, this way can be compared to 7022:. As a result of epidemics, the Yupʼik world would go upside down; it would end. From there it spread like a wildfire to all corners of Alaska, killing up to 60 percent of the Northern Indigenous and Alaskan Athabaskan people. This epidemic killed whole families and wiped out entire villages. Many Kuskuqvamiut also migrated to the Bristol Bay region from the Kuskokwim River region to the north of Bristol Bay, especially after the influenza epidemic of 1918–19. 6324: 5798: 170: 4587: 6219: 11345: 6080: 1832:) and gatherings (within and between villages among the socio-territorial and neighboring groups) took place in the qasgiq. During the early 20th century, Christian church services were held in the qasgiq before churches were constructed. Virtually all official business, within the group, between groups and villages, and between villagers and non-Yupʼik (such as early missionaries) was conducted in the qasgiq. 4441: 4398: 4389: 4380: 4371: 4309: 4300: 4245: 4236: 4214: 4177: 4168: 4159: 4150: 4129: 4120: 4091: 4082: 4055: 4046: 4009: 4000: 3991: 3963: 3954: 3931: 3922: 3899: 3890: 3881: 3864: 3855: 3804: 3795: 3786: 3702: 3693: 3684: 3533: 3524: 3515: 3459: 3450: 3427: 3393: 3384: 3363: 3354: 3345: 3336: 3309: 3300: 3291: 3282: 3273: 3264: 3219: 3210: 3166: 3157: 3139: 3130: 3113: 3104: 3095: 3078: 3051: 3042: 2981: 2972: 2963: 2954: 2941: 2932: 2923: 2888: 2858: 2849: 2840: 2831: 2814: 2805: 2784: 2775: 2766: 2757: 2738: 2729: 2720: 2707: 2698: 2664: 2655: 2646: 2637: 2610: 2601: 2592: 2551: 2542: 2500: 2491: 2482: 2473: 2464: 2420: 2411: 2402: 2327: 5908: 5170: 5992:), migratory waterfowl, bird eggs, berries, greens, and roots help sustain people throughout the region. Traditional subsistence foods are mixed with what is commercially available. Today about half the food is supplied by subsistence activities (subsistence foods), and the other half is purchased from commercial stores (market foods, store-bought foods). 1463:. The elder is defined as an individual who has lived an extended life, maintains a healthy lifestyle, and has a wealth of cultural information and knowledge. The elder has expertise based upon know-how and provides consultation to the community and family when needed. Traditionally, knowledge was passed down from the elders to the youth through 6751:(1872–1951) was a frontier physician and Moravian Church missionary and Edith Margaret's brother, who served as Mayor of Anchorage, Alaska, from 1937 to 1938. Although the resemblances between Yupʼik and Moravian ideology and action may have aided the initial presentation of Christianity, they also masked profound differences in expectation. 4450: 4432: 4336: 4327: 4318: 4291: 4254: 4205: 4186: 4111: 4100: 4027: 4018: 3846: 3837: 3822: 3813: 3769: 3760: 3751: 3742: 3733: 3720: 3711: 3667: 3658: 3649: 3632: 3623: 3614: 3605: 3596: 3575: 3566: 3557: 3548: 3506: 3497: 3468: 3402: 3327: 3318: 3243: 3234: 3201: 3192: 3183: 3148: 3069: 3060: 3025: 3016: 3007: 2990: 2914: 2905: 2867: 2673: 2628: 2619: 2583: 2574: 2533: 2429: 2335: 4670:

seams contains a running stitch partially piercing the skin on top and an overlapping stitch on the inside with a grass insert. Caninermiut style Yupʼik kayak used in the Kwigillingok and Kipnuk regions and there are teeth marks in the wood of the circular hatch opening, made by the builders as they bent and curved the driftwood into shape.

5572:), caribou and beaver skins were used for traditional clothing but Northern Indigenous peoples were compelled to sell most of their furs to the Russians and substitute (inferior) manufactured materials. Everyday functional items like skin mittens, mukluks, and jackets are commonly made today, but the elegant fancy parkas ( 5129:

Yupʼik was not a written language until the arrival of Europeans, the Russians, around the beginning of the 19th century. Pre-contact knowledge transfer and learning among Yupʼik people traditionally was through oral culture, with no written history or transcribed language. Children were taught about

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in Cupʼig) was an individual or semi-communal smaller sod house. They looked similar in construction to the qasgiqs but were only about half the size. Women and children lived in houses that served as residences for two to five women and their children. Raising children was the women's responsibility

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harvests (hunting, fishing, and berry gathering) supplemented by seasonal subsistence activities. The Yupʼik region is rich in waterfowl, fish, and sea and land mammals. Yupʼik settled where the water remained ice-free in winter, where walruses, whales, and seals came close to shore, and where there

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system developed and used by the Yupʼik and other Northern Indigenous peoples is the most effective cold-weather clothing developed to date. Yupʼik clothing tended to fit relatively loosely. Skin sewing is an artistic arena in which Yupʼik women and a few younger men excel. Yupʼik women made clothes

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with five major dialects: extinct Egegik (Aglegmuit-Tarupiaq), and living Norton Sound or Unaliq-Pastuliq dialect (two subdialects: Unaliq and Kotlik), General Central Yupʼik dialect (seven subdialects: Nelson Island and Stebbins, Nushagak River, Yukon or Lower Yukon, Upper or Middle Kuskokwim, Lake

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Before a Russian colonial presence emerged in the area, the Aleut and Yupik spent most of their time sea-hunting animals such as seals, walruses, and sea lions. They used mainly wood, stone, or bone weapons and had limited experience fishing. Families lived together in large groups during the winter

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numbered over 34,000 people, of whom over 22,000 lived in Alaska. The vast majority of these live in the seventy or so communities in the traditional Yupʼik territory of western and southwestern Alaska. About 10,000 speak the language. The Yupʼik had the greatest number of people who identified with

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with waterless toilets are common in many rural villages in the state of Alaska, such as those in the Bethel area of the Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta. About one-fourth of Alaska's 86,000 Native residents live without running water and use plastic buckets, euphemistically called honey buckets, for toilets.

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in Cupʼig) was the central figure of Yupʼik religious life and was the middle man between spirits and the humans. The role of the shaman is the primary leader, petitioner, and a trans-mediator between the human and non-human spiritual worlds in association with music, dance, and masks. The shaman's

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in Cupʼig) are dressed in traditional-style clothing, intended to protect the wearer from cold weather, and are often made from traditional materials obtained through food gathering. Play dolls from the Yupʼik area were made of driftwood, bone, or walrus ivory and measured from one to twelve inches

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by Christian missionaries in the late 19th century. After a century, the Cama-i dance festival is a cultural celebration that started in the mid-1980s with the goal to gather dancers from outlying villages to share their music and dances. There are now many groups that perform dances in Alaska. The

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in Cupʼig) are top piece centered at the side of the coaming and used as support as one climbs out of a kayak. They prevented the person from falling while getting in and out of the kayak. All kayaks had ayaperviik on them. This one has a woman's frowning face with a down-turned mouth carved on it.

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people. Under normal conditions, there was little need for interregional travel, as each regional group had access to enough resources within its own territory to be completely self-sufficient. However, fluctuations in animal populations or weather conditions sometimes necessitated travel and trade

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During the last phase of the Russian period (1825 to 1865), the Alaska Natives began to suffer the effects of introduced infectious diseases, to which they had no acquired immunity. In addition, their societies were disrupted by increasing reliance on European trade goods from the permanent Russian

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from another animal. Yupʼik kayaks are known from the earliest ethnographic reports, but there are currently no surviving full-size Yupʼik kayaks from the pre-contact period. The Yupʼik Norton Sound/Hooper Bay kayaks consisted of 5–6 young seal skins stretched for the covering. The Yupʼik style of

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usually performed to songs in Yupʼik. Round drums cover with seal stomachs and played with wooden sticks of driftwood to provide a rhythmic beat. Both men and women choreograph the dances and sing in accompaniment. Typically, the men are in the front, kneeling and the women stand in the back. The

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in Cupʼig) are traditional Yupʼik legends or mythical tales that have been transmitted from generation to generation and often have supernatural elements. These traditional stories that have been handed down by word of mouth and involve fictional, mythical, legendary, or historical characters, or

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For centuries, the Yup'ik had fought amongst each other in the Bow and Arrow Wars. According to oral traditions, they may have begun a thousand or 300 years ago, with various different theories as to how the wars begun. Yup'ik tribes constantly raided each other and destroyed villages, These wars

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When Alaska became a state in 1959, state laws took control of alcohol regulation from the federal government and Native communities. In 1981, however, the state legislature changed the alcohol laws to give residents broad powers, via a local option referendum, to regulate how alcohol comes into

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in Cupʼig; often used in the dual for one sled) are an ancient and widespread means of transportation for Northern Indigenous peoples, but when non-Native fur traders and explorers first traveled the Yukon River and other interior regions in the mid-19th century they observed that only Yupikized

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are referenced by the same terms as siblings, and cross cousins are differentiated. Marriages were arranged by parents. Yupʼik societies (regional or socio-territorial groups) were shown to have a band organization characterized by extensive bilaterally structured kinship with multifamily groups

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The economy of the islands also took a hit under American ownership. Hutchinson, Cool & Co., an American trading company, took advantage of its position as the only trader in the area and charged the natives as much as possible for its goods. The combination of high costs and low hunting and

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17 Yupʼik villages had adopted local elementary bilingual programs by 1973. In the 1980s and 1990s, Yupʼik educators became increasingly networked across village spaces. Between the early 1990s and the run of the century, students in Yupʼik villages, like youth elsewhere became connected to the

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who moved seasonally throughout the year within a reasonably well-defined territory to harvest sea and land mammals, fish, bird, berry and other renewable resources. The economy of Yupʼik is a mixed cash-subsistence system, like other modern foraging economies in Alaska. The primary use of wild

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While the personal experiences of non-natives who visited the Indigenous people of what is now called Alaska formed the basis of early research, by the mid-20th century archaeological excavations in southwestern Alaska allowed scholars to study the effects of foreign trade goods on 19th-century

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is masks. The masks vary enormously but are characterized by the great invention. They are typically made of wood and painted with few colors. The Yupʼik masks were carved by men or women but mainly were carved by men. They most often create masks for ceremonies but the masks are traditionally

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Atmautluak, Akiuk-Kasigluk, Akula-Kasigluk, Ayaprun, BABS School, Bethel High School, Chefornak, EEK, Goodnews Bay, Gladys Jung, Kipnuk, Kongiganak, Kwethluk, Kwigillingok, M.E. School, Mekoryuk, Napakiak, Napaskiak, Newtok, Nightmute, Nunapitchuk, Oscarville, Platinum, Quinhagak, Toksook Bay,

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Prior to and during the mid-19th century, the time of Russian exploration and presence in the area, the Yupiit were organized into at least twelve, and perhaps as many as twenty, territorially distinct regional or socio-territorial groups (their native names will generally be found ending in

1067:, and scattered coastal locations on the mainland. Russian Orthodox missionaries went to these islands, where in 1800 priests conducted services in the local language on Kodiak Island, and by 1824 in the Aleutian Islands. An Orthodox priest translated the Holy Scripture and the liturgy into 5390:

literally "let's go story knife!") stories a traditional and still common activity of young girls and is told by children of all ages in the Yupʼik lands. These stories are illustrated by figures sketched on mud or snow with a ceremonial knife, known as a story knife or storytelling knife

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for winter ceremonies. The specified masks depicted survival essentials requested in ceremonies. Shamans often carved the symbolic masks that were vital to many Yupʼik ceremonial dances and these masks represented spirits that the shaman saw during visions. Shaman masks or plaque masks

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After the Bering expedition in 1741, Russians raced to explore the Aleutian Islands and gain control of its resources. The Indigenous peoples were forced to pay taxes in the form of beaver and seal fur and opted to do so rather than fight the ever-growing stream of Russian hunters.

4661:, fishing, and general transportation. The Yupʼik people considered a kayak the owner's most prized possession. Traditionally, a kayak was a Yupʼik hunter's most prized possession and a symbol of manhood. It is fast and maneuverable, seaworthy, light, and strong. Kayak is made of 6071:. Cabin-on-post caches are thought to have appeared in the 1870s. The cabin on-post form may thus have been introduced by early traders, miners, or missionaries, who would have brought with them memories of the domestic and storage structures constructed in their homelands. 1551:

cousin terminology. Bilateral descent provides each individual with his or her own unique set of relatives or kindred: some consanguineal members from the father's kin group and some from the mother's, with all four grandparents affiliated equally with the individual.

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The first academic cultural studies of southwestern Alaskan Indigenous people were developed only in the late 1940s. This was due in part to a dearth of English-language documentation, as well as competition in the field of other subject areas. American anthropologist

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is used as a generic term for Yupʼik/Cupʼik regular dance. Also, yuraq is concerned with animal behavior and hunting of animals or with the ridicule of individuals (ranging from affectionate teasing to punishing public embarrassment). But, used for inherited dance is

4869:. The Yupʼik people constitute the largest ethnic group in Alaska and the Yupʼik languages are spoken by the largest number of native persons. Yupʼik, like all Northern Indigenous languages, is a suffixing language made up of noun and verb bases to which one or more 1680:

were connected by a tunnel. Both qasgiq and ena also served as schools and workshops for young boys and girls. Among the Akulmiut, the residential pattern of separate houses for women and children and a single residence for men and boys persisted until about 1930.

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Gerald V. Mohatt, Carlotta Ching Ting Fok, David Henry, James Allen (2014). "Feasibility of a community intervention for the prevention of suicide and alcohol abuse with Yupʼik Alaska Native youth: the Elluam Tungiinun and Yupiucimta Asvairtuumallerkaa studies".

6987:. It infected 500 million people across the world, including remote Pacific islands and the Arctic, and killed 50 to 100 million of them—three to five percent of the world's population—making it one of the deadliest natural disasters in human history. 6066:

place designed to store food outdoors and prevent animals from accessing it. Elevated cache types include log or plank caches, open racks, platform caches, and tree caches. The high cabin-on-post cache was probably not an indigenous form among either Eskimos or

6928:, but Alaska Natives showed the lowest incidence of death. Existing data do indicate, however, that Alaska Native alcohol-related death rates are almost nine times the national average, and approximately 7% of all Alaska Native deaths are alcohol-related. 1806:"in the qasgi") is a communal larger sod house. The qasgiq was used and occupied from November through March. The qasgiq housed all adult males in the community and male youth about seven years and older. The women prepared meals in their houses, known as 5693:)to emphasize and exaggerate arm motions. Dancing plays an important role in both the social and spiritual life of the Yupʼik community. The Yupʼik have returned to practicing their songs and dances, which are a form of prayer. Traditional dancing in the 1569:

in winter to take advantage of group subsistence activities. Villages were organized in certain ways. Cultural rules of kinship served to define relationships among the individuals of the group. Villages ranged in size from just two to more than a dozen

5701:(men's house) where they would join in an evening of ceremonial singing and dancing. The mask was a central element in Yupʼik ceremonial dancing. There are dances for fun, social gatherings, exchange of goods, and thanksgiving. Yupʼik ways of dancing ( 9094:. (Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Institut Etnografii im. N. N. Miklukho-Maklaia.) Moscow: Izdatel'stvo "Nauka." 1971. Pp. 269 and Alton S. Donnelly. (Materials for the Study of Alaska History, number 4.) Kingston, Ont.: Limestone Press. 1973. Pp. x, 376". 1859:

Among the Yupʼik of southwestern Alaska, societies (regional or socio-territorial groups), like those of the Iñupiat of northwestern Alaska, were differentiated by territory, speech patterns, clothing details, annual cycles, and ceremonial life.

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literally "people of Mamterilleq"). In 1885, the Moravian Church established a mission in Bethel, under the leadership of the Kilbucks and John's friend and classmate William H. Weinland (1861–1930) and his wife with carpenter Hans Torgersen.

1051:. According to some estimates, Russian employees of the trading company killed more than 2,000 Alutiiq. The company then took over control of the island. By the late 1790s, its trading posts had become the centers of permanent settlements of 6881:(teetotal) and clarify the ballot wording and scheduling of local option referendums. Alaska specifically allows local jurisdictions to elect to go dry by public referendum. State law allows each village to decide on restrictions, and some 1596:

Formerly, social status was attained by successful hunters who could provide food and skins. Successful hunters were recognized as leaders by members of the social group. Although there were no formally recognized leaders, informal

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Since the 1960s there has been a dramatic rise in alcohol abuse, alcoholism, and associated violent behaviors, which have upset family and village life and resulted in physical and psychological injury, death, and imprisonment.

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David Henry, James Allen, Carlotta Ching Ting Fok, Stacy Rasmus, and Bill Charles (2012). "Patterns of protective factors in an intervention for the prevention of suicide and alcohol abuse with Yupʼik Alaska Native youth".

10242:. The Oratory of Yupʼik Elder Paul John. Translated by Sophie Shield, edited by Ann Fienup-Riordan. Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, in cooperation with the Calista Elders Council, Bethel, Alaska, 2003. 2033:, inhabiting the tundra or "Big Lake" area north of the Kuskokwim River. The name denotes people living on the tundra—as opposed to those living along the coastline or major rivers—such as in the present-day villages of 1489:

is a program that involves elders in teaching and curriculum development in a formal educational setting (oftentimes a university), and is intended to influence the content of courses and the way the material is taught.

5427:. They most often create masks for ceremonies but the masks are traditionally destroyed after being used. These masks are used to bring the person wearing them luck and good fortune in hunts. Other art forms, including 4913:

working with linguists. The Yupʼik are among the most numerous of the various Alaska Natives. There are 10,400 speakers out of a population of 25,000, but the language was classified as threatened in 2007, according to

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until young boys left the home to join other males in the qasgiq to learn discipline and how to make a living. The ena also served as a school and workshop for young girls, where they could learn the art and craft of

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was a fishing stream or a bird colony nearby. Even if a place was not very convenient for human civilization, but had a rich game, Yupʼik would settle there. The coastal settlements rely more heavily on sea mammals (

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Every year, the Yupiit of the Qaluuyaaq (Nelson Island) and the surrounding villages of Nelson Island gather up every weekend in each village. Each village hosts a Yupik dance festival which they call the festival

1120:. During this time, they exchanged massacres for virtual enslavement and exploitation. The major portion of Alaska remained little known, and the Yupʼik of the Yukon-Kuskokwim delta were not strongly affected. The 6205:

and guts in a wooden barrel, cover it with burlap, and bury it in the ground for about a week. For a short while in modern times, plastic bags and buckets replaced the barrel. However this increased the risk of

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missionaries, who sought to convert the peoples to their form of Christianity. The missionaries learned native languages, and conducted services in those languages from the early decades of the 19th century. The

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The early schools for Alaska Natives were mostly church-run schools of the Russian Orthodox missions in Russian-controlled Alaska (1799–1867), and, after 1890, the Jesuits and Moravians, allowed the use of the

6810:(DHA). EPA and DHA protect against heart disease and possibly diabetes. The replacement of a subsistence diet that is low in fat and high in omega-3s with a market-based Western diet has increased the risk of 1609:, or good provider, was a man of considerable importance in village life. This man was consulted in any affair of importance affecting the village in general, particularly in determining participation in the 9887: 6640:

influence. The arrival of missionaries dramatically altered life along the Bering Sea coast. Yupʼik beliefs and lifestyles have changed considerably since the arrival of Westerners during the 19th century.

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During the Early American Period (1867–1939), the federal government generally neglected the territory, other than using positions in territorial government for political patronage. There was an effort to

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meaning "to be hard; to be tough". Yupʼik discipline is different from Western discipline. The discipline and authority within Yupʼik child-rearing practices have at their core respect for the children.

345:. Today, the Yupʼik generally work and live in western style but still hunt and fish in traditional subsistence ways and gather traditional foods. Most Yupʼik people still speak the native language and 1303:, and Wendell H. Oswalt were among the earliest scholars to undertake significant archaeological research in the Yupʼik region. VanStone demonstrates the ethnographic approach to cultural history in 1205:, ceremonial buildings for Yup'ik men, disappeared due to missionary coercion. During the early American period, native languages were forbidden in mission schools, where only English was permitted. 6691:

The Russian Orthodox presence in Yupʼik territory was challenged in the late 1880s by Moravian and Catholic missions. Eventually, the Russian Orthodox missions in Alaska consolidated into a whole

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The Yupʼik traditionally decorate almost all of their tools, even ones that perform smaller functions. Traditionally sculptures are not made for decoration. One of their most popular forms of the

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is an antler story knife). In the Yupʼik storytelling tradition, an important aspect of traditional stories is that each listener can construct his or her own meaning from the same storytelling.

1315:(born 1948) began writing extensively about the Yukon-Kuskokwim Indigenous people in the 1980s; she melded Yupʼik voices with traditional anthropology and history in an unprecedented fashion. 5200:

is still quite common in Alaska today, especially among Native people who speak English in addition to their own language. All village schools are publicly funded by the state of Alaska. The

9928: 6778:(1906–1989) was a Spanish Jesuit, philosopher, and author who spent 40 years as a missionary among the Yupʼik people in the most remote parts of Alaska. His first mission was at Akulurak. 10790: 4842:' Kuskokwim Campus and city offices. The mission of the center is to promote, preserve and develop the traditions of the Yupʼik through traditional and non-traditional art forms of the 5162:, he proposed a policy of prohibition of indigenous language use in all Alaskan schools. This policy came into full force in about 1910. From that time period until the passage of the 6747:

to be ordained as a Moravian minister. They served the Yupʼik, used their language in the Moravian Church in their area, and supported the development of a writing system for Yupʼik.

6743:(1861–1922) and his wife, Edith Margaret Romig (1865–1933), were Moravian missionaries in southwestern Alaska in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. John H. Kilbuck was the first 5845:. It is regarded as one of the most simple, yet most complex, cultural artifacts/toys in the world. The Eskimo yo-yo involves simultaneously swinging two sealskin balls suspended on 9086:

Translated by Colin Bearne. Edited by Richard A. Pierce. (Materials for the Study of Alaska History, number 3.) Kingston, Ont.: Limestone Press. 1973. Pp. xvi, 140, S. G. Fedorova.

6905:(accidents) and intentional self-harm (suicide) have been among the leading causes of death in Native Alaska for many years. Alaska Natives have higher rates of suicide than other 5630:

destroyed after being used. After Christian contact in the late 19th century, masked dancing was suppressed, and today it is not practiced as it was before in the Yupʼik villages.

4555:. Kayaks were used more frequently than umiaks. Traditionally, kayaking and umiaking served as water transportation and sea hunting. Dog sleds are ideal for land transportation. 959:

By about 3,000 years ago the progenitors of the Yupiit had settled along the coastal areas of what would become western Alaska, with migrations up the coastal rivers—notably the

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Traditional subsistence foods, such as fish and marine mammals, and to a lesser extent shellfish, are the only significant direct dietary sources of two important types of the

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or lineal kinship. This kinship system is bilateral and a basic social unit consisting of from two to four generations, including parents, offspring, and parents' parents.

1307:(1967). Wendell Oswalt published a comprehensive ethnographic history of the Yukon–Kuskokwim delta region, the longest and most detailed work on Yupʼik history to date in 8849:, a family comedy feature film is about a 13-year-old half-Yupʼik girl navigating her way through her first heartbreak and the perils of prep school in Fairbanks, Alaska. 2213:

While Yupiit were nomadic, the abundant fish and game of the Y-K Delta and Bering Sea coastal areas permitted for a more settled life than for many of the more northerly

4791:, used dogs in this way. Both of these people had probably learned the technique from their Iñupiat or Yupʼik neighbors. Non-Yupikized Athabaskan groups, including the 2179:

and the vicinity of the 19th-century Russian outpost Kolmakovskii Redoubt. By the mid-19th century, many Kiatagmiut had migrated to the drainage of the Nushagak River.

6841:. Water from rivers and lakes is no longer potable as a result of pollution. Wells must be drilled and sewage lagoons built, but there are inherent problems as well. 10773:

Matthew Berman, Teresa Hull, and P. May (2000). "Alcohol control and injury death in Alaska native communities: wet, damp and dry under Alaska's local option law".

9884: 8995: 6722:: Northern, Southern, Alaska, and Labrador. The Moravian mission was first founded at Bethel, along the Kuskokwim River in 1885. The mission and reindeer station 1397:

Yuuyaraq defined the correct way of thinking and speaking about all living things, especially the great sea and land mammals on which the Yupʼik relied for food,

10455: 11541: 2131:, the Yupʼik name for the Kuskokwim River, possibly meaning "a big thing (river) with a small flow". The Kusquqvagmiut can be further divided into two groups: 9300:

Lieutenant Zagoskin's Travels in Russian America, 1842–1844: The First Ethnographic and Geographic Investigations in the Yukon and Kuskokwim Valleys of Alaska

7010:), and 8 percent of the native population of Alaska. More than 1,000 people died in northwest Alaska, and double that across the state, and the majority were 1216:(ANCSA) was signed into law on December 18, 1971. The ANCSA is central to both Alaska's history and current Alaska Native economies and political structures. 10254:

Qanemcikarluni Tekitnarqelartuq = One must arrive with a story to tell: Traditional Alaska Native Yupʼik Eskimo Stories in a Culturally Based Math Curriculum

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professional responsibility was to enact ancient forms of prayers to request the survival needs of the people. The powerful shaman is called a big shaman (

5779:(1977) is an ethnographic documentary on the culture of the Yupʼik people, focusing primarily on dance, music, and potlatch traditions in the community of 1632:. The captain had the power to collect the surplus of the village and much of the basic production of individual family members and later redistribute it. 5883:

in height or more. Some human figurines were used by shamans. Dolls also mediated the transition between childhood and adulthood in the Yupʼik shamanism.

10472:. Samples were collected in 2004 for the Alaska Traditional Diet Project. Prepared by the Alaska Department of Health and Social Services. July 19, 2011. 952:

in waves of migration before the ancestors of the Eskimo and Aleut; there were three major waves of migration from Siberia to the Americas by way of the

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or snow houses. But, the northern and northwestern Alaskan Iñupiaq built snow houses for temporary shelter during their winter hunting trips. The word

2171:, meaning "inside" or "upriver"; hence, "upriver people". The Kiatagmiut lived inland along the Kuskokwim River drainage from the present location of 311:

one tribal grouping and no other race (29,000). In that census, nearly half of American Indians and Alaska Natives identified as being of mixed race.

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in Cupʼig) are a personal and historical Yupʼik narratives that can be attributed to an individual author, even though he or she has been forgotten.

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Hazel, K.L.; Mohatt, G.V. (2001). "Cultural and Spiritual Coping in Sobriety: Informing Substance Abuse prevention for Alaska Native Communities".

11044: 8723:(born 1989), a Yupʼik-Inupiaq snowboarder Olympian and the first Yupʼik Eskimo (Inuit) on the U.S. National Snowboard Team and Winter Olympic Team 5213:

Alakanuk, Emmonak, Hooper Bay, Ignatius Beans Memorial, Kotlik, Marshall, Pilot Station, Pitkas Point, Russian Mission, Scammon Bay, Sheldon Point

10122: 9090:. . (Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Institut Etnografii im. N. N. Miklukho-Maklaia.) Moscow: Izdatel'stvo "Nauka." 1971. Pp. 269 and Svetlana G. Fedorova. 6577:(ghost said to have a big blanket, which it wraps around children who are out too late at night playing hide-and-seek, it then takes them away); 6672:) who became a priest of the Orthodox Church, being the first Alaska Native Orthodox priest in Alaska, and continued the missionary work of St. 1236:) who were known for their memories, and those were the people who told the young about the group's history. Their stories (traditional legends 9982: 5641:, provided photographs of Yupʼik ceremonial masks collected by Adams Hollis Twitchell, an explorer and trader who traveled Alaska during the 314:

Yupʼik, Cupʼik, and Cupʼig speakers can converse without difficulty, and the regional population is often described using the larger term of

9391:. Adopted by the Assembly of Alaska Native Educators. Published by the Alaska Native Knowledge Network. Anchorage, Alaska. February 1, 2000, 10487:, Jody Seitz, technical paper no. 195, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, Juneau, Alaska, December 1990. Page 68. 10059: 9002:. Alaska Native Language Center. Developed by Alaska Department of Education Bilingual/Bicultural Education Programs. Juneau, Alaska, 1984. 6692: 10469: 10229:. Translations by Anna W. Jacobson in consultation with Steven A. Jacobson. University of Alaska Fairbanks. Alaska Native Language Center. 6990:

In the U.S., about 28% of the population suffered, and 500,000 to 675,000 died. Native American tribes were particularly hard hit. In the

8795: 4846:, including arts and crafts, performance arts, education, and Yupʼik language. The center also supports local artists and entrepreneurs. 1932:(for instance, a tree bent by the wind). Pastulirmiut were speakers of the Norton Sound Kotlik subdialect of Yupʼik, and are also called 1259:, is slowly emerging. The first academic studies of the Yupʼik tended to generalize all "Eskimo" cultures as homogeneous and changeless. 11215: 1074:

The Russian period, lasting roughly 120 years, can be divided into three 40-year periods: 1745 to 1785, 1785 to 1825, and 1825 to 1865.

11534: 10502: 6994:

area alone, 3,293 deaths were registered among Native Americans. Entire villages perished in Alaska. The influenza epidemic across the

6730:

literally "site of many caches") was first established by Moravian missionaries near or at the small Yupʼik village called Mumtrelega (

6581:(witch or ghost that walks in the air above the ground and has no liver; a large monster that lives in the mountains and eats people). 6297: 1378:

in Cupig) is the term for the Yupʼik way of life as a human being. The expression encompasses interactions with others, subsistence or

9925: 9836: 9811: 6873:

their communities. The 1986 statutes have remained in effect since that time, with only relatively minor amendments to formalize the

6684:) on the Yukon River in 1844 and served there until 1863. Netsvetov invented an alphabet and translated church materials and several 4563:

in winter. Only small local road systems exist in Southwest Alaska. Only a few closely adjacent villages are linked by roads. Today,

2205:(Aglegmiut), inhabiting the Bristol Bay area along the Lower Nushagak River and the northern Alaska Peninsula. The word derives from 10806: 10519: 8915: 6445:). Shamans wearing masks of bearded seal, moose, wolf, eagle, beaver, fish, and the north wind were accompanied by drums and music. 4547:(water). Sea mammal hunting and fishing in the Bering Sea region took place from both small narrow closed skin-covered boats called 10957: 4599: 10450:

Susan W. Fair (1997), "Story, storage, and symbol: functional cache architecture, cache narratives, and roadside attractions". In

6818:

in Alaska Natives. Many markets (store-bought) foods are high in fats, carbohydrates, and sodium; and these may lead to increased

1660:, with some for the men and others for the women (with their children). The Yupʼik men lived together in a larger communal house ( 9194:. Alaska OCS Socioeconomic Studies Program. Prepared for Bureau of Land Management, Outer Continental Shelf Office, January 1982. 6452:

Big mouth, 1493 by Hartmann Schedel (1440–1514), Nuremberg Chronicle (Schedel'sche Weltchronik). The Big mouth similar to Yupʼik

6301: 6289: 5159: 1128:

between representatives of the Russian Empire and the United States on April 17, 1824, and went into effect on January 12, 1825.

10929: 10509:, 2005 update, State of Alaska, Department of Health & Social Services, Division of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology. 5634: 9013: 2263:. The area covers about 100,000 square miles which are roughly about 1/3 of Alaska. Their lands are located in five of the 32 11554: 11527: 11086: 10834: 10568: 10227:

Yupʼik stories read aloud = Yugcetun Qulirat Naaqumalriit Erinairissuutmun. With transcriptions and word-by-word translations

7031: 6906: 984: 391: 11201:

Jacobson, Steven A. "Central Yupʼik and the Schools: A Handbook for Teachers". Juneau: Alaska Native Language Center, 1984.

10046: 9359:. Anchorage, Alaska: National Resource Center for American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian Elders. December 2004. 1984:, deriving from the same word, denotes flatland dwellers in general living between the mouth of the Yukon and Nelson Island. 11722: 11012: 9740: 8831: 1000: 11479: 11475: 11153:

The Real People and the Children of Thunder: The Yupʼik Eskimo Encounter With Moravian Missionaries John and Edith Kilbuck

10861: 10647:

The Real People and the Children of Thunder: The Yupʼik Eskimo Encounter With Moravian Missionaries John and Edith Kilbuck

6201:

such as king and silver salmon heads, are a traditional food of the Yupʼik. A customary way of preparing them is to place

11727: 9373:"The indigenous worldview of Yupiaq culture: its scientific nature and relevance to the practice and teaching of science" 8990: 7046: 7042: 1213: 1098: 10023:, Northern Minority Languages: Problems of Survival, Senri Ethnological Studies 44 1997, pp 187–223 (tablo sayfası: 194) 10364: 9711: 4827: 4598:). The smiling face of a man and the frowning face of a woman grace these pieces from a kayak frame. Collection of the 1142: 945: 9660: 5118:

spoken by most adults but not by most children & spoken only by elder people (mainly those above 50 years of age)

5104:

spoken by most adults but not by most children & spoken only by elder people (mainly those above 50 years of age)

5090:

spoken by most adults but not by most children & spoken only by elder people (mainly those above 50 years of age)

4860: 476:

literally means 'real person'. The ethnographic literature sometimes refers to the Yupʼik people or their language as

299: 202: 89: 11275: 10385: 10372: 10086: 9763:. Technical Paper No. 328, Alaska Departement of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, Juneau, Alaska, August 2007. 9493: 8867:"Table 16. American Indian and Alaska Native Alone and Alone or in Combination Population by Tribe for Alaska: 2000". 1190: 10303: 9910: 9868: 10342: 9748:. Technical Paper No. 114, Alaska Departement of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, Juneau, Alaska, March 1985 8791: 8732: 6874: 6719: 5261: 1383: 1194: 117: 10896: 9683:

Branson and Troll, 2006, p. xii. Map 3, "Tribal areas, villages and linguistics around 1818, the time of contact."

5076:

spoken by most or all adults as well as all or most children & spoken by most adults but not by most children

2285:

On the coast, in the past as in the present, to discuss hunting was to begin to define a man. In Yupʼik, the word

2248: 11306: 9712:

Yupʼik (Central Eskimo) Language Guide (and more!), a useful introduction to the Central Eskimo (Yupʼik) Language

6936: 5218: 9372: 9283: 5374:, socializing, preparing food, repairing tools, and surviving from one season to the next. Yupʼik oral stories ( 11195: 8903: 8891: 6984: 6352: 6318: 5853: 5166:

in 1968, children in Alaskan schools suffered severe treatment for speaking their Native languages in schools.

4906: 4839: 1263:

Eskimo material culture. Also, translations of pertinent journals and documents from Russian explorers and the

484:. In the Hooper Bay-Chevak and Nunivak dialects of Yupʼik, both the language and the people are given the name 4945:

Iliamna, Lower Kuskokwim, and Bristol Bay), Hooper Bay-Chevak dialect (two subdialects: Hooper Bay Yupʼik and

2296:

Northwest Alaska is one of the richest Pacific salmon areas in the world, with the world's largest commercial

11191: 8884: 8799: 5221:(LKSD). English and Yupʼik (with Cupʼig at the Nunivak Island) bilingual education is done at these schools: 5158:(1834–1909) began a policy of prohibiting Native languages in the mission schools he managed. When he became 5130:

subsistence practices, culture, and social systems through stories, legends, toys, and examples of behavior.

4915: 4653:"surface; top")) is a small narrow closed skin-covered boat and was first used by the native speakers of the 1745: 1121: 10006: 9191: 8955: 6924:

in the United States overall. Deaths due to alcohol among American Indians are more common in men and among

6702: 10196: 10147: 9797:

Celeste Jordan (2014), Yupʼik Eskimo kayak miniatures: Preliminary notes on kayaks from the Nunalleq site.

9252:. Prepared for North Star Group. Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of Alaska Anchorage. 7222: 6867: 5792: 5231:(YSD) English and Yupʼik (with Cupʼig at the Nunivak Island) bilingual education is done at these schools: 4516: 2279: 1460: 1201:(1888) missions and schools were established along the Kuskokwim and lower Yukon rivers, respectively. The 11067: 9555:

Fienup-Riordan, 1990, p. 154, "Figure 7.1. Regional groupings for the Yukon-Kuskokwim region, circa 1833."

5034:

Maintenance of the Eskimo-Aleut languages of Alaska (1980 and 1992) and their degree of viability (1992).

1617:

ceremonies. He was said to be a major contributor to those ceremonies and provider to orphans and widows.

11487: 8870:

American Indian and Alaska Native Tribes for the United States, Regions, Divisions, and States (PHC-T-18)

5237: 5208: 5174: 4953:

dialect. Nunivak Island dialect (Cupʼig) is distinct and highly divergent from mainland Yupʼik dialects.

10761: 10172: 9667:

Mekoryuk, AK: Nuniwarmiut Piciryarata Tamaryalkuti (Nunivak Cultural Programs). Retrieved on 2004-04-14.

9247: 5689:

drummers are in the very back of the dance group. The Yupʼik use dance fans (finger masks or maskettes,

5330:

animals taking on human characteristics, told for entertainment and edification. Yupʼik family legends (

1732: 10701: 9312: 6932: 6696: 4654: 1821:

construction. It was also a place for learning hunting and fishing skills. At times, the men created a

1813:

The qasgiq served as a school and workshop for young boys, where they could learn the art and craft of

303: 125: 31: 17: 10883: 10454:, edited by AnneMarie Adams and Sally McMurray, pp. 167–182. Nashville University of Tennessee Press. 10126: 9611:

Oswalt, 1990, p. ii, "The Kusquqvagmiut area and the surrounding Eskimo and Indian populations" (map).

9583:

Oswalt, 1967, pp. 5–9. See also Map 2, "Aboriginal Alaskan Eskimo tribes", insert between pp. 6 and 7.

4950: 2106: 1672:). Although the men and women lived separately, they had many interactions. Depending on the village, 288: 97: 11444: 11398: 10253: 10201:

Toward a community-based transition to a Yupʼik first language (immersion) program with ESL component

10020: 9165: 6910: 6609: 6441:) were empowered by shamans and are powerful ceremonial masks represented a shaman's helping spirit ( 4894: 1485:

More recently, elders have been invited to attend and present at national conferences and workshops.

1109: 1012: 9151: 5245: 4946: 505:, exemplifies Central Yupʼik orthography: "The apostrophe represents gemination of the 'p' sound." 276: 93: 10814: 9368: 7963: 7035: 6140:(or in some places, non-salmon) species are the primary main subsistence food for the Yupʼik. Both 6106: 4504: 2386: 1335: 1264: 1113: 1016: 900: 400:

was used in the southern area (Kuskokwim, Canineq , Bristol Bay). Certain places (Chevak, Nunivak,

341:

The Yupʼik combine a contemporary and a traditional subsistence lifestyle in a blend unique to the

10414:

Weapon, Toy, or Art? The Eskimo yo-yo as a commodified Arctic bola and marker of cultural Identity

10319: 10047:

The Yupʼik bilingual curriculum of the Lower Kuskokwim School District: A continuing success story

9979: 9723: 9449:. Technical Paper No. 177. Juneau, AK: Alaska Department of Fish and Game Division of Subsistence. 4881:

are added to denote such features as a number, case, person, and position. The Yupʼik category of

2293:(to catch after chasing; to catch something for food) and means, literally, a device for chasing. 1471:

is a lesson or reminder by which the younger generation learns from the experience of the elders.

1015:

in the Aleutian Islands and northern Alaska indigenous settlements. (These were the basis for the

11519: 10060:

An ethnographic long hook: language and literacy over time and space in Alaska Native communities

9458:

Tina D. Delapp (1991), "American Eskimos: the Yupʼik and Inupiat." In Joyce Newman Giger (eds.),

9204: 8720: 8399: 8368: 6677: 6645: 6629: 6550: 5638: 5163: 5151: 4579: 3175: 1300: 10961: 956:. This causeway became exposed between 20,000 and 8,000 years ago during periods of glaciation. 11611: 10636:. Second edition by James McCormick. USGS Bulletin: 299. Washington: Government Printing Office 9230: 8919: 8866: 8704: 7007: 6811: 6740: 6122: 5251: 5228: 4472: 2009: 244: 9757:

James S. Magdanz, Sandra Tahbone, Austin Ahmasuk, David S. Koster, and Brian L. Davis (2007),

8811:) (c. 1860–1924), Moravian helper, author, translator, and inventor of a Yupʼik writing system 6939:

was 1.5 to 2.5 per 1000 live births, more than seven times the national average, while among

5334:) are oral stories that have been handed down through the generations within a certain family. 11465: 11460: 9138: 8869: 8676: 8389: 8331: 8268: 7863: 7414: 7362: 7153: 6921: 6803: 5576:) of traditional times are now rare. Today, many Yupʼik have adopted western-style clothing. 5138: 4910: 4512: 4508: 2297: 1414: 1391: 1379: 1323: 1272: 240: 10671: 10615: 10497: 10482: 9354: 6257:

The tundra provides berries for making jams, jellies, and a Yupʼik delicacy commonly called

5256:

Lower Kalskag, Kalskag, Aniak, Chuathbaluk, Crooked creek, Red Devil, Sleetmute, Stony River

4823:

Yupʼik (as Yupʼik and Cupʼik) culture is one of five cultural groups of the Alaska Natives.

1055:(1799–1867). Until about 1819, Russian settlement and activity were largely confined to the 1007:

to America for whaling and fishing expeditions. Gradually the crews established hunting and

11264: 10685:"Alcohol Control by Referendum in Northern Native communities: The Alaska Local Option Law" 9840: 8476: 8289: 8105: 7821: 7548: 7341: 6902: 6807: 6114: 5981: 5593: 4874: 3940: 2682: 2513: 2317: 2176: 1170: 972: 9401: 8904:

2010 Census Shows Nearly Half of American Indians and Alaska Natives Report Multiple Races

1291:

in 1946; it was the first complete description of any Alaskan indigenous group. She began

883: 8: 11563: 11299: 11211: 10829: 10596: 10560: 10203:, The Bilingual Research journal, Summer/Fall 1995, Vol. 19., Nos. 3 & 4, pp. 571–585 8597: 8555: 8518: 8434: 8413: 8189: 7299: 6827: 6068: 5902: 5443: 4929: 4804: 3372: 2034: 1973: 1899: 1540: 1532: 1498: 1224:

Before European contact (until the 1800s), the history of the Yupʼik, like that of other

1209:

fishing productivity persisted until the Russo-Japanese war cut off contact with Russia.

1178: 850: 357: 346: 10684: 8830:(born 1964), oil field production operator, commercial fisherman, and snowmobile racer ( 6901:

than among most American racial/ethnic groups, especially among rural young Yupʼik men.

5530:

is used to process and cut skins for clothing and footwear. Women made most clothing of

1968:(Mararmiut, Maarmiut, Magemiut), inhabiting the Scammon Bay area. The name derives from 861: 11606: 11134: 10434: 9481: 9125:

Chamberlin, Jamie (2005). "State Leadership Conference: Document, Document, Document".

8639: 8231: 8168: 7758: 7611: 7590: 7383: 7191: 7019: 6980: 6943:, the rate of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder was as high as 5.6 per 1000 live births. 6914: 6799: 6673: 6448: 6184: 6090: 6018:) was used to store food where it would be safe from animals. Hooper Bay, Alaska, 1929. 4898: 4886: 4882: 4796: 4574: 4488: 4480: 3489: 3436: 2446: 2309: 2068: 2042: 1991: 1895: 1886:, denoting a Yupʼik from the Norton Sound area, especially the north shore villages of 1503: 1327: 1312: 1174: 1117: 1048: 953: 940:. Migrating east, they reached the Bering Sea area about 10,000 years ago. Research on 833: 11115:

Always Getting Ready – Upterrlainarluta: Yupʼik Eskimo Subsistence in Southwest Alaska

9335: 6706:

The Yupʼik at Moravian Mission Station, Bethel on the Kuskokwim River in the year 1900

6272:) consists of the roots of various tundra plants which are cached by voles in burrows 5697:

is a communal activity in the Yupʼik tradition. Mothers and wives brought food to the

5460: 5428: 5266:

Aleknagik, Clarks Point, Ekwok, Koliganek, Manokotak, New Stuyahok, Togiak, Twin Hills

1882:(Unaligmiut), inhabiting the Norton Sound area. The name derives from the Yupʼik word 1726: 1398: 373: 11271: 10843: 10564: 10418: 10368: 10360: 10306:, Alaska State Museums Conceps, Second Reprint of Technical Paper Number 2, July 1999 10273: 9489: 9107: 9061: 8660: 8455: 8347: 8210: 8147: 8063: 8021: 7900: 7737: 7257: 7132: 6976: 6759: 6223: 6098: 5989: 5985: 5912: 5846: 5626: 5535: 5420: 5277: 4941: 4902: 4843: 3778: 3676: 3087: 2305: 2252: 2060: 1544: 1296: 1276: 1150: 1036: 361: 10008:

Alaskan Eskimo Languages population, dialects, and distribution based on 1980 Census

8765:(1916–1979), a priest's wife from Kwethluk village; Native Alaskan of Yupʼik origin. 6418: 5892: 5677: 5654: 5371: 2270:

Before European contact, the Yupʼik, like other neighboring Indigenous groups, were

1871:

which signifies "inhabitants of ..." tied together by kinship—hence the Yupʼik word

1829: 1334:(1988). A more scholarly, yet similar, treatment of cultural change can be found in 1318:

The historiography of western Alaska has few Yupʼik scholars contributing writings.

1116:

was organized and continued in the exploration of the lucrative north Pacific Ocean

11214:. "Culture and Change for Iñupiat and Yupiks of Alaska". 2004. Alaska. 12 Nov 2008 10809: 10216:. Fairbanks, AK: Lower Kuskokwim School District and Alaska Native Language Center. 9126: 9099: 9021: 8726: 8576: 8497: 8310: 8084: 8042: 7942: 7921: 7842: 7800: 7716: 7674: 7111: 7069: 6995: 6920:

As of 2009, about 12% of the deaths among American Indians and Alaska Natives were

6882: 6831: 6823: 6775: 6755: 6242: 5965: 4495:, Stebbins and St. Michael), tended to trade with Yupʼik communities to the south: 4484: 4468: 3588: 2566: 2321: 2038: 1645: 1566: 1548: 1198: 1137: 1068: 1060: 1056: 872: 815: 342: 260: 224: 101: 7045:

of the Yupʼik were established in 1971 when the United States Congress passed the

6010: 5747:

most popular activity in the Yupʼik-speaking area is rediscovered Yupʼik dancing.

5584: 227:: Юпики центральной Аляски), are an Indigenous people of western and southwestern 11329: 10985:

Donahue, Deirdre (07/29/2003). "'Miles' takes measure of canine, human heroism".

10506: 10413: 10395: 9986: 9932: 9914: 9891: 9872: 9744: 9664: 9388: 8999: 8845: 8618: 8252: 7884: 7653: 7632: 7527: 7506: 7320: 6763: 6748: 6711: 6657: 6637: 6633: 5780: 5771: 5495: 5201: 5155: 4866: 4831: 4500: 2897: 2274: 2124: 1891: 1640: 1553: 1511: 1284: 1162: 1052: 968: 964: 121: 11019: 10869: 10291:

The Living Tradition of Yupʼik Masks: Agayuliyararput (Our Way of Making Prayer)

10021:

Panu Hallamaa (1997), Unangam Tunuu and Sugtestun: a struggle for continued life

9737: 9445: 8299:

Pitka's Point Traditional Council (formerly the Native Village of Pitka's Point)

6414: 5606: 5601: 4940:

It is a single well-defined language (now called Yupʼik or Yupʼik and Cupʼik) a

1814: 11717: 11658: 11550: 11501: 11418: 11403: 11292: 10556: 10064:

International Handbook of Research on Children's Literacy, Learning and Culture

9759: 8872:. U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000, special tabulation. Retrieved on 2007-04-12. 8781: 8750: 8534: 8126: 8000: 7779: 7695: 7427: 7278: 7236: 7212: 7011: 6940: 6925: 6898: 6723: 6699:

which was formed from the original Russian Orthodox dioceses in North America.

6661: 6653: 6210:, and the Yupʼik have reverted to fermenting fishheads directly in the ground. 6195: 6137: 5941: 5834: 5826: 5642: 5569: 5515: 5499: 5241: 4925: 4835: 4536: 4527: 4496: 3256: 2313: 2236: 2196: 2172: 2156: 2138: 2098: 1995: 1917: 1528: 1248: 1229: 1225: 1166: 1146: 1125: 1025: 933: 401: 369: 331: 295: 280: 248: 174: 141: 10437:(2002). "Inuguat, Iinrut, Uyat-llu: Yupʼik dolls, amulets and human figures". 10396:

Keynote Speaker: Christopher (Chris) J. Kiana, M.B.A., MA-RD, Ph.D., candidate

6913:. Alcohol abuse and dependence are associated with high rates of violence and 6351:

traditional religious practices could be very briefly summarised as a form of

6241:

in Bristol Bay) is the traditional meal of frozen raw beluga whale skin (dark

5865: 5432: 5424: 4578:

This kayak appears to be built in the Nunivak Island style. Collection of the

1843:

means "house" in Iñupiaq. This word is the Iñupiaq cognate of the Yupʼik word

306:

family of languages. As of the 2010 U.S. Census, the Yupiit population in the

11711: 11634: 11413: 11360: 11315: 11090: 10315: 9111: 8821: 8744: 8738: 8378:

Iqugmuit Traditional Council (formerly the Native Village of Russian Mission)

8178:

Native Village of Nunam Iqua (formerly the Native Village of Sheldon's Point)

7684:

Kasigluk Traditional Elders Council (formerly the Native Village of Kasigluk)

7464: 7170: 7090: 6890: 6854: 6770:

mission was established on Nelson Island and a year later moved to Akulurak (

6715: 6016:

qulvarvik, qulrarvik, neqivik, enekvak, mayurpik, mayurrvik, ellivik, elliwig

5665: 5519: 5503: 5194:, youth are creating new participatory networks and multimodal competencies. 2164: 2142: 2056: 2004:(Kaialigamiut, Kayaligmiut), inhabiting Nelson Island. The name derives from 1656:

Traditionally, in the winter the Yupʼik lived in semi-permanent subterranean

1387: 1133: 1102: 1064: 1040: 1008: 949: 335: 319: 307: 149: 11576: 10916: 10827: 10632: 8747:(born 1976), an American dancer, writer, and choreographer of Yupʼik descent 5288:(historical narratives). In this classification then, what is identified as 4784: 2231: 1875:, meaning "those who share ancestors (are related)". These groups included: 1003:

lasted from 1732 to 1867. The Russian Empire supported ships traveling from

365: 11686: 11436: 11334: 10934: 10847: 10830:"Fetal alcohol syndrome–Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, and New York, 1995–1997" 10627: 9966: 9657: 9130: 9103: 8787: 8775: 8762: 7485: 7448: 6999: 6991: 6625: 6133: 6085: 6063: 5937: 5814: 5511: 5491: 5264:(SWRSD). English and Yupʼik bilingual education are done at these schools: 5197: 4933: 4658: 4492: 3376: 2999: 2749: 2271: 2188: 2105:, the name for the island in the General Central dialect of Yupʼik. In the 2072: 1913: 1902:. Unalirmiut were speakers of the Norton Sound Unaliq subdialect of Yupʼik. 1887: 1848: 1464: 1268: 1252: 929: 264: 256: 232: 161: 113: 11045:"Peter Kaiser Takes First In Iditarod — Marking A Win For Alaskan Natives" 10521:

The Dwellers Between: Yupʼik Shamans and Cultural Change in Western Alaska

10422: 10389: 10090: 9817:. The Department of Anthropology of the National Museum of Natural History 9773: 9285:

The Dwellers between: Yupʼik Shamans and Cultural Change in Western Alaska

6774:, the former site of St. Mary's Mission) at the mouth of the Yukon River. 5211:(LYSD). English and Yupʼik bilingual education is done at these schools: 5154:

in instruction in schools. However, in the 1880s, Presbyterian missionary

5133: 11681: 9904: 9862: 8808: 8756: 8710: 7404: 6842: 6819: 6734:

literally "site of many caches") or Mumtreklogamute or Mumtrekhlagamute (

6669: 6022:

Elevated cache or raised log cache, also raised cache or log storehouse (

5660: 5479: 4586: 3584: 2823: 2076: 1959: 1921: 1279:, during his explorations for the Russian-American Company in 1842–1844. 1094: 960: 941: 252: 11586: 11581: 11169:(Our Way of Making Prayer). Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press. 11160:

Boundaries and Passages: Rule and Ritual in Yupʼik Eskimo Oral Tradition

10470:

Contaminants in subsistence foods from the western Alaska coastal region

10074: 9486:

Boundaries and Passages: Rule and Ritual in Yupʼik Eskimo Oral Tradition

8888: 8713:(born 1968), a kennel owner and operator, motivational speaker, and dog 6998:

in 1918 and 1919 wiped out about 50 percent of the native population of

6323: 6164:(pl) in Yupʼik, means literally "real food". But, the main food for the 4792: 4479:

community, tended to trade with other Iñupiaq communities to the north:

1342:(2001), which focuses on the intersection of Western and Yupʼik values. 11596: 11255: 11206:

The Wake of the Unseen Object: Among the Native Cultures of Bush Alaska

10240:

Stories for Future Generations / Qulirat Qanemcit-llu Kinguvarcimalriit

10062:". In Kathy Hall, Teresa Cremin, Barbara Comber, and Luis Moll (eds.), 10005:

E. Irene Reed, Steven Jacobson, Lawrence Kaplan, and Jeff Leer (1985).

9760:

Customary trade and barter in fish in the Seward Peninsula Area, Alaska

9092:

The Russian Population in Alaska and California, Late 18th Century-1867

8827: 7003: 6878: 6837:

Presently, two major problems for the growing population are water and

6281: 6059: 5898: 5386:) were embedded in many social functions of the society. Storyknifing ( 4788: 4564: 4556: 2059:, including the area north of the bay where the modern-day villages of 1598: 1402: 1256: 1090: 1086: 1077:

The first phase of the Russian period (1745 to 1785) affected only the

268: 236: 11629: 11252:

Pete, Mary. (1993). "Coming to Terms". In Barker, 1993, pp. 8–10.

7973:

Asa'carsarmiut Tribe (formerly the Native Village of Mountain Village)

6165: 5767:

is a one-string fiddle or lute played by the Yupʼik of Nelson Island.

4567:

or snowmachine travel is a critical component of winter transport; an

4476: 2214: 1810:

These were taken to the males in the qasgiq by young women and girls.

1629: 509:'Person/People (Human Being)' and Ethnic Self-Name in Yupʼik Dialects 353: 153: 11696: 10011:. Alaska Native Language Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks 1985. 9297: 9231:

Cultures of Color in America: A Guide to Family, Religion, and Health

8798:; first Alaska Native and the first woman to represent Alaska in the 6782: 6265: 6202: 6198: 5969: 5818: 5802: 5764: 5743: 5645:

newly arrived in the Kuskokwim region, in Bethel in the early 1900s.

5448: 5338: 5293: 4878: 4710:

Perhaps the other side would have a man's smiling face carved on it.

4665:

from the beach, covered with the skin of a sea mammal, and sewn with

4662: 4560: 4142: 2264: 2155:, inhabiting inland regions in the upper drainages of the Kuskowkim, 2080: 1822: 1665: 1585: 1571: 129: 11653: 11127:

Federal Field Committee for Development Planning in Alaska. (1968).

9980:

Creating space and defining roles: elders and adult Yup’ik immersion

8753:(Angayuqaq) (born 1934), a Yupʼik anthropologist, teacher, and actor 6339:) from a sick boy. The enormous wooden hands with shortened thumbs ( 6183:

Alaska subsistence communities are noted to obtain up to 97% of the

5797: 4571:

for highway vehicles is used along portions of the Kuskokwim River.

2282:

and trapping patterns are controlled primarily by external factors.

1954:(Ikogmiut), inhabiting the Lower Yukon River. The name derives from 11174:

Hunting Tradition in a Changing World: Yupʼik Lives in Alaska Today

10540:

Hunting Tradition in a Changing World: Yupʼik Lives in Alaska Today

10499:

Botulism in Alaska, a guide for physicians and healthcare providers

9945: 9062:"The Bow and Arrow War Days on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta of Alaska" 6972: 6968: 6815: 6360: 6285: 6207: 5996: 5953: 5929: 5549: 5542: 5487: 5471: 5466: 5254:. English and Yupʼik bilingual education is done at these schools: 5187: 5183: 4870: 4812: 4747: 4568: 4540: 2260: 1998:. Askinarmiut is an old name for the village of Hooper Bay. (DCED). 1868: 1029:

from various European parts of the Russian Empire or from Siberia.

1020: 456: 169: 11549: 11139:

The Nelson Island Eskimo: Social Structure and Ritual Distribution

7393:

Curyung Tribal Council (formerly the Native Village of Dillingham)

1108:

During the second phase of the Russian period (1785 to 1825), the

1093:, rather than by the Russians. In 1778, Cook discovered and named 983:

ultimately ended in the 1830s and 1840s with the establishment of

11691: 11645: 11639: 11601: 11373: 11344: 10542:. New Brunswick, New Jersey and London: Rutgers University Press. 10534: 10532: 10530: 8565:

Nunakauyarmiut Tribe (formerly the Native Village of Toksook Bay)

7015: 6894: 6665: 6478: 6466: 6356: 6348: 6246: 6218: 6004: 5980:. The inland settlements rely more heavily on Pacific salmon and 5977: 5949: 5945: 5920: 5830: 5685: 5531: 5191: 4780: 4277: 3873: 1908:, inhabiting the mouth of the Yukon River. The name derives from 1536: 1524: 1082: 1044: 1004: 937: 327: 323: 145: 11284: 10785: 10783: 10151: 9356:

Conferences of Alaska Native Elders: Our View of Dignified Aging

9186: 9184: 9182: 9180: 9178: 9176: 9088:

Russkoe naselenie Aliaski i Kalifornii, konets XVIII veka-1867 g

6718:

denomination in Alaska, and is organized into four provinces in

6079: 4905:. The Yupʼik orthography one sees nowadays was developed at the 11621: 11390: 11368: 10357:

Original 100 Alaska Eskimo Yo-Yo Stratagems: Instructional Book

10343:

Yuraryararput Kangiit-llu: Our Ways of Dance and Their Meanings

9446:

The Akulmiut: territorial dimensions of a Yupʼik Eskimo society

9333:

Harold Napoleon (1996). With commentary edited by Eric Madsen.

9170:. The Alaska Native Foundation, Anchorage, Alaska. 2nd edition. 8804: 8769: 8714: 6838: 6767: 6744: 6649: 6489:(great worm; ingluilnguq creature that is only half a person); 6461: 6328: 6293: 6258: 6230: 6000: 5961: 5933: 5856:

with one hand. It is popular with Alaskans and tourists alike.

5822: 5698: 5694: 5557: 5553: 5523: 5309: 4890: 2256: 2064: 1754: 1741: 1605:("man in his prime; successful hunter and good provider"). The 1580: 1202: 1182: 1085:(Sugpiaq) profoundly. During this period, large sectors of the 228: 73: 38: 37:"Cupit" redirects here. For people with the Cupit surname, see 11591: 11181:

What's in a Name? Becoming a Real Person in a Yupʼik Community

10597:"A History and Introduction of the Orthodox Church in America" 10527: 9776:. Wake Forest University, Museum of Anthropology. 6 March 2014 9735:

John M. Wright, Judith M. Morris and Robert Schroeder (1985),

9476: 9474: 9472: 9470: 9468: 7747:

New Koliganek Village Council (formerly the Koliganek Village)

5280:

stories or tales are often divided into the two categories of

11676: 11571: 11508: 10789:

J. Paul Seale, Sylvia Shellenberger, and John Spence (2006).

10780: 10212:

Orr, E. C., Orr, B., Kanrilak, V., & Charlie, A. (1997).

10176: 9173: 8707:(1936–2021), the first certified traditional doctor in Alaska 6935:

found that in some continental Amerindian tribes the rate of

6685: 5973: 5957: 5849: 5842: 5838: 5447:

Nunivak Cupʼig child wearing bird skin clothing (parka?) and

5367: 5366:

The stories that previous generations of Yupʼik heard in the

5062:

spoken by most or all adults as well as all or most children

4800: 4715: 4666: 4607: 4591: 4544: 4351: 4273: 4068: 2087:, meaning "lower coast", which derives in turn from the root 1836: 1818: 1657: 1078: 157: 11247:

Bashful No Longer: An Alaskan Eskimo Ethnohistory, 1778–1988

10791:"Alcohol problems in Alaska Natives: lessons from the Inuit" 10484:

Subsistence salmon fishing in Nushagak Bay, Southwest Alaska

5370:

and assimilated as part of a life spent hunting, traveling,

4957:

Population of the dialect-based main Yupʼik groups in 1980.

4815:

by hand, using dogs solely for hunting and as pack animals.

4440: 4397: 4388: 4379: 4370: 4308: 4299: 4244: 4235: 4213: 4176: 4167: 4158: 4149: 4128: 4119: 4090: 4081: 4054: 4045: 4008: 3999: 3990: 3962: 3953: 3930: 3921: 3898: 3889: 3880: 3863: 3854: 3803: 3794: 3785: 3701: 3692: 3683: 3532: 3523: 3514: 3458: 3449: 3426: 3392: 3383: 3362: 3353: 3344: 3335: 3308: 3299: 3290: 3281: 3272: 3263: 3218: 3209: 3165: 3156: 3138: 3129: 3112: 3103: 3094: 3077: 3050: 3041: 2980: 2971: 2962: 2953: 2940: 2931: 2922: 2887: 2857: 2848: 2839: 2830: 2813: 2804: 2783: 2774: 2765: 2756: 2737: 2728: 2719: 2706: 2697: 2663: 2654: 2645: 2636: 2609: 2600: 2591: 2550: 2541: 2499: 2490: 2481: 2472: 2463: 2419: 2410: 2401: 2326: 1309:

Bashful No Longer: An Alaskan Eskimo ethnohistory, 1778–1988

500: 356:

to the north, Aleutized Alutiiq ~ Sugpiaq to the south, and

11068:"List of resources with contributor: Uyaquq (Helper Neck)". 10639: 10553:

The journals of Iakov Netsvetov: the Yukon years, 1845–1863

10324:

The Journal for the Anthropological Study of Human Movement

9465: 8665:

Umkumiut Native Village (formerly Umkumiute Native Village)

6676:

among his and other Alaskan Native people. He moved to the

6169: 6145: 6141: 5924: 5622: 5592:(keeper of the game), Yukon River area, late 19th century, 5507: 5475: 5289: 4808: 4064: 2075:

are located and south of the bay where the villages of and

932:(as well as various Paleo-Siberian groups) are believed by 11258:, et al. Yupʼik Eskimo Grammar. Alaska: U of Alaska, 1977. 11042: 10812:

article by Mary Clare Jalonick Washington, D.C. (AP) 9-08

10652: 9967:

Alaska Native Languages: Population and Speaker Statistics

9729: 9278: 9084:

Baranov: Chief Manager of the Russian Colonies in America.

8717:, descended from the Yupʼik Eskimos and Athabaskan Indians 7309:

Native Village of Chuathbaluk (Russian Mission, Kuskokwim)

7014:. The Alaska Natives had no resistance to either of these 6624:

Yupi'k in western and southwestern Alaska have had a long

6616:(underground dweller that knocks on the earth's surface). 6557:(caterpillar-like creature that leaves a scorched trail); 2055:, inhabiting the lower Bering Sea coast on either side of 1527:

is based on what is formally classified in academia as an

1071:, which was used by other major people of Alaska Natives. 811:

The following are names given to them by their neighbors.

11122:

Our Story: Readings from Southwest Alaska – An Anthology.

10110: 10036:. Alaska Native Language Center Research Papers Number 4. 10001: 9999: 9978:

Oscar Alexie, Sophie Alexie, and Patrick Marlow (2009), "

9793: 9791: 9724:

Wildlife Action Plan Section IIIB: Alaska's 32 Ecoregions

9276: 9274: 9272: 9270: 9268: 9266: 9264: 9262: 9260: 9258: 6964: 6597: 5907: 5527: 5483: 5177:, the school (blue), lake, and condemned old school (red) 5169: 1944:

is used in many words where other speakers of Yupʼik use

1729:, food preparation, and other important survival skills. 1405:

because it governed all aspects of a human being's life.

967:—around 1400 C.E., eventually reaching as far upriver as 11235:, 2nd edition. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. 10862:"Health problems in American Indian/Alaska Native women" 10795:

American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research

10585:

Religions and Missionaries around the Pacific, 1500–1900

8698: 6533:(being with human female face who helps people at sea); 6509:(creature that will suck the blood from one's big toe); 5742:(lit. "real dance"). The dancing of their ancestors was 1664:), while women and children lived in smaller, different 9371:, Delena Norris-Tull, and Roger A. Norris-Tull (1998), 9242: 9240: 8992:

Central Yupʼik and the Schools: A Handbook for Teachers

8916:"The Map of Indigenous Peoples and Languages of Alaska" 6979:(January 1918 – December 1920) was an unusually deadly 2149:, meaning "those downriver"; hence, "downriver people". 1578:) for women and girls, one (or more in large villages) 1181:(1912–1959) before it was admitted to the Union as the 9996: 9799:

DigIt (Journal of the Flinders Archaeological Society)

9788: 9362: 9298:

Zagoskin, Lavrenty A.; Henry N. Michael, eds. (1967).

9255: 6652:(Unangan) living in contact with Russian fur traders ( 2209:, meaning "ridgepole" or "center beam of a structure". 1758:(is pronounced as "kaz-geek" and often referred to as 1628:(whaling captain) of northern and northwestern Alaska 1305:

Eskimos of the Nushagak River: An Ethnographic History

1295:(1947) as a broad study of Alaskan Indigenous people. 1244:) express crucial parts of Alaska's earliest history. 199:

Central Alaskan Yupʼik, Central Yupʼik, Alaskan Yupʼik

11167:

The Living Tradition of Yupʼik Masks: Agayuliyararput

10828:

Centers for Disease Control Prevention (CDC) (2003).

9339:. Fairbanks, Alaska: Alaska Native Knowledge Network. 8985: 8983: 8981: 8979: 6505:(sea creature with human features seen on pack ice); 6347:

Historically and traditionally, Yupʼik and other all

5705:) embrace six fundamental key entities identified as 4449: 4431: 4335: 4326: 4317: 4290: 4253: 4204: 4185: 4110: 4099: 4026: 4017: 3845: 3836: 3821: 3812: 3768: 3759: 3750: 3741: 3732: 3719: 3710: 3666: 3657: 3648: 3631: 3622: 3613: 3604: 3595: 3574: 3565: 3556: 3547: 3505: 3496: 3467: 3401: 3326: 3317: 3242: 3233: 3200: 3191: 3182: 3147: 3068: 3059: 3024: 3015: 3006: 2989: 2913: 2904: 2866: 2672: 2627: 2618: 2582: 2573: 2532: 2428: 2334: 1990:, inhabiting the area of the present-day villages of 910: 904: 334:

of St. Lawrence Island and Russian Far East, and the

11733:

Indigenous languages of the North American Subarctic

10346:. University of Alaska Fairbanks. Fairbanks, Alaska. 9439: 9437: 9435: 9433: 9431: 9429: 9237: 9082:

Benjamin F. Gilbert (June 1975). "K. T. Khlebnikov.

8824:, public speaker and reality television personality. 6793: 5186:

and began to form a "Yupʼik Worldwide Web". Through

1267:

added breadth to the primary source base. The first

843: 837: 10917:

The Great Pandemic: The United States in 1918–1919

10807:"Study: 12 percent of Indian deaths due to alcohol" 10465: 10463: 9714:, World Friendship Publishing, Bethel, Alaska, 2006 9427: 9425: 9423: 9421: 9419: 9417: 9415: 9413: 9411: 9409: 9249:

Socioeconomic Review of Alaska's Bristol Bay Region

9158: 9081: 7034:for the Yupʼik are recognized by the United States 6517:(creature that sinks into the ground as it walks); 4742:in Cupʼig) is larger broad open skin-covered boat. 2083:are located (Goodnews Bay?). The name derives from 1340:

A Yupiaq Worldview: a Pathway to Ecology and Spirit

1145:defined the boundaries between Russian America and 801: 794: 787: 776: 770: 758: 751: 744: 737: 730: 723: 715: 705: 698: 691: 684: 677: 670: 662: 652: 645: 638: 631: 625: 619: 612: 605: 597: 587: 580: 573: 566: 560: 554: 547: 540: 494: 485: 471: 465: 459: 450: 444: 438: 432: 431:is now used as a common term (though not replacing 426: 417: 411: 405: 395: 385: 11263: 11261: 11131:. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 11124:Anchorage, AK: Alaska Natural History Association. 11087:"Yupʼik ties give Palins unique Alaska connection" 10999: 10272: 10034:Alaska Native Languages: Past, Present, and Future 9695: 9607: 9605: 9603: 9601: 9599: 9597: 9595: 9593: 9591: 9589: 9579: 9577: 9575: 9573: 9571: 9569: 9567: 9565: 9563: 9561: 9460:Transcultural nursing: assessment and intervention 9349: 9347: 9345: 8976: 8815: 5560:(skin boot) which is derived from the Yupʼik word 2049:meaning "midsection", "area between", or "tundra". 1601:was practiced by or in the men who held the title 991:and split up into smaller huts during the summer. 11141:. Anchorage, AK: Alaska Pacific University Press. 10919:, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 10616:Moravian Mission Station, Bethel on the Kuskokwim 10336: 10334: 10332: 9960: 9507: 9505: 9329: 9327: 9325: 9323: 9321: 9209:Office of the Historian, U.S. Department of State 8778:(born 1951), the former Police Chief of Anchorage 6604:(little people, said to be spirits of the dead); 5588:Yupʼik painted wood mask depicting the face of a 5568:. Before the arrival of the Russian fur traders ( 2123:(Kuskowagamiut), inhabiting the Lower and middle 1940:) denoting their use of this subdialect in which 11709: 11231:Naske, Claus-M. and Herman E. Slotnick. (1987). 11146:Eskimo Essays: Yupʼik Lives and Howe We See Them 10660:Eskimo Essays: Yupʼik Lives and Howe We See Them 10460: 10245: 9704: 9406: 9291: 8969: 8967: 6541:(mammoth-like creature that lives underground); 6172:of whale and caribou (both food and meat called 4551:and larger broad open skin-covered boats called 2167:river drainages. The word derives probably from 1275:was recorded by the Russian explorer Lieutenant 854: 294:The Yupiit are the most numerous of the various 11081: 11079: 10621: 9686: 9586: 9558: 9551: 9549: 9342: 6785:Yupʼiks give gifts commemorating the departed. 6359:. Aboriginally and in early historic times the 2020:, there are three villages. Those villages are 1958:, meaning "big river", the Yupʼik name for the 1912:, the name of an abandoned village of southern 1851:, beaver house"), which it resembled in shape. 1193:in the years following the purchase of Alaska. 1169:on March 30, 1867. Originally organized as the 944:and linguistics suggests that the ancestors of 11176:. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. 11148:. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. 11117:. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press. 10736:The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 10662:. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. 10329: 9883:National Museum of the American Indian : 9547: 9545: 9543: 9541: 9539: 9537: 9535: 9533: 9531: 9529: 9502: 9480: 9389:"Guidelines for Respecting Cultural Knowledge" 9318: 9005: 7931:Native Village of Marshall (aka Fortuna Ledge) 6459:Legendary animals, monsters, and half-humans: 6343:) worn by the shaman. Nushagak Bay, ca. 1890s. 5669:Nunivak Cupʼig man playing a very large drum ( 5300:, and a personal or historical narrative is a 4673:Kayak stanchions or kayak cockpit stanchions ( 1506:Askinarmiut boy poses wearing a circular cap ( 1330:, presents an interesting premise in his book 1019:). Approximately half of the fur traders were 11535: 11300: 10405: 10359:. Publication Consultants. ASIN: B007SNYM38. 10296: 10293:. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press 10251:Joan Parker Webster and Evelyn Yanez (2007), 9679: 9677: 9675: 9673: 9077: 9075: 8964: 6766:. The members are called Jesuits. In 1888, a 5393:yaaruin, saaruin, ateknguin, quliranguarrsuun 2255:tundra ecosystem. The land is generally flat 1156: 893: 887: 876: 865: 825: 819: 390:was used in the northern area (Norton Sound, 330:(Pacific Yupik) of south-central Alaska, the 30:"Cup'ik" redirects here. For other uses, see 11242:. Scranton, PA: Chandler Publishing Company. 11076: 10958:"The Great Pandemic of 1918: State by State" 10309: 9812:"Characteristics of the NMNH Kayak E419041A" 9643: 9641: 9639: 9637: 9488:. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. 9192:Navarin Basin sociocultural systems analysis 8950: 8948: 8946: 8944: 8942: 8940: 8938: 8936: 6584:Legendary humanoids: alirpak little person; 6363:, called as medicine man or medicine woman ( 5817:or Alaska yo-yo is a traditional two-balled 1624:was not, however, comparable to that of the 1232:. Each society or village had storytellers ( 11249:. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. 11162:. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. 11155:. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. 11043:Amanda Morris; Melissa Block (2019-03-16). 10981: 10979: 10714: 10649:. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. 10452:Perspectives in Vernacular Architecture VII 10197:Elizabeth A. Hartley and Pam Johnson (1995) 9635: 9633: 9631: 9629: 9627: 9625: 9623: 9621: 9619: 9617: 9526: 9452: 8357:Native Village of Kwinhagak (aka Quinhagak) 6983:, the first of the two pandemics involving 6688:texts into Yupʼik and kept daily journals. 6083:Alaskan economical salmonoid fish species ( 5403:in Cupʼig). Story knives are made of wood ( 5248:bilingual education is done at this school. 4834:of the Yupʼik culture centrally located in 2109:(that is, in Cupʼig), the island's name is 291:dialect-speaking people of Nunivak Island. 11542: 11528: 11307: 11293: 11120:Branson, John and Tim Troll, eds. (2006). 10930:"Flu Epidemic Hit Utah Hard in 1918, 1919" 10897:"Historical Estimates of World Population" 10512: 10349: 9670: 9124: 9072: 8741:, a Democratic member of the Alaska Senate 5621:in Cupʼig) are expressive shamanic ritual 4909:in the 1960s by native speakers of Yupʼik 4849: 1089:coast were mapped by the English explorer 928:The common ancestors of the Yupik and the 11262:Salisbury, Gay; Salisbury, Laney (2003). 10866:National Women's Health & Information 9650: 8933: 6963:, literally "big cough") referred to the 5872:yugaq, irniaruaq, sugaq, sugaruaq, suguaq 5625:. One of their most popular forms of the 5522:made from other animal products, such as 5514:, and bird bones such as front part of a 5296:in the Western (European) tradition is a 5045:1992 population / speakers & percent 5042:1980 population / speakers & percent 2243:) is the regional hub of Yupʼik homeland. 1828:In primary villages, all ceremonies (and 1173:(1867–1884), the area was renamed as the 10976: 10750:American Journal of Community Psychology 10717:American Journal of Community Psychology 10518:Ahnie Marie Al'aq David Litecky (2011). 10378: 9738:Bristol Bay Regional Subsistence Profile 9614: 9519: 9517: 9282:Ahnie Marie Al'aq David Litecky (2011), 8796:Alaska's at-large congressional district 6701: 6447: 6322: 6217: 6078: 6009: 6003:(Eskimo ice cream), tepa (stink heads), 5906: 5796: 5750: 5664: 5583: 5442: 5407:is a wooden story knife) ivory or bone ( 5168: 5132: 4920: 4600:University of Alaska Museum of the North 4585: 4573: 4559:transportation is on foot in summer and 4526: 2324:) annual hunting-gathering cycle (1985) 2230: 2097:(Nuniwarmiut, Nuniwagamiut), inhabiting 1731: 1639: 1497: 1289:The Social Culture of the Nunivak Eskimo 168: 11186:Jacobson, Steven A., compiler. (1984). 10683:Matthew Berman and Teresa Hull (2001). 10428: 10058:Perry Gilmore and Leisy Wyman (2013), " 9377:Journal of Research in Science Teaching 8859: 8794:politician and U.S. Representative for 8336:Portage Creek Village (aka Ohgsenakale) 7025: 6156:(pl) in Yupʼik. Also for salmon called 5837:, and Yupʼik. It resembles fur-covered 5673:) in 1927 photograph by Edward S Curtis 5160:United States Commissioner of Education 2137:, inhabiting the Lower Kuskokwim below 1924:. The village name comes from the root 994: 14: 11710: 8880: 8878: 6592:(ancestor identified with the raven); 6497:(creature, half animal and half man); 6413:Yupʼik shamans directed the making of 6192:stink-heads, stink heads, stinky heads 5635:National Museum of the American Indian 1644:Qasgiq entry in the Yupʼik village of 470:), meaning 'real' or 'genuine'; thus, 11523: 11288: 10835:Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 9726:by Alaska Department of Fish and Game 9514: 8772:of Yupʼik descent to win the Iditarod 8699:Notable Central Alaskan Yupʼik people 6644:The first Native Americans to become 6588:(little people having conical hats); 6573:(sea monster said to devour whales); 4897:. Yupʼik does not have a category of 4774:in Yukon and Unaliq-Pastuliq Yupʼik, 2195:, the Yupʼik name for the village of 493:The use of an apostrophe in the name 394:, some Nelson Island) while the form 352:The neighbours of the Yupʼik are the 10259:Journal of American Indian Education 10049:. Edited by Delena Norris-Tull. 1999 9991:Journal of American Indian Education 9926:Yup’ik and Cup’ik Cultures of Alaska 9336:Yuuyaraq: The Way of the Human Being 9059: 6569:(giant in Kuskokwim-area folklore); 6341:inglukellriik unatnquak ayautaunatek 5923:is based on traditional subsistence 5684:in Yupʼik) is a traditional form of 5455:), photograph by Edward Curtis, 1930 4719:or open skin boat, large skin boat ( 2226: 1332:Yuuyaraq: The Way of the Human Being 1271:information about the Yupʼik of the 1001:Russian colonization of the Americas 65:Regions with significant populations 11233:Alaska: A History of the 49th State 11208:. New York: Henry Holt and Company. 11071:UAF: Alaska Native Language Archive 10704:. Alcoholic Beverage Control Board. 10538:Fienup-Riordan, Ann et al. (2000). 10270: 9866:“central deck stiffener of a kayak” 9288:. Thesis. The University of Montana 9050:Naske and Slotnick, 1987, pp. 9–10. 8875: 7047:Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act 7043:Alaska Native Regional Corporations 6861: 6668:, and his mother was an Aleut from 6525:(being with a dragging appendage); 6521:(creature that moves underground); 6237:in Yukon, Unaliq-Pastuliq, Chevak, 1980:, meaning "marshy, muddy lowland". 1214:Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act 349:has been in force since the 1970s. 24: 10417:. University of Alaska Fairbanks. 10214:Ellangellemni: When I became aware 10173:"Southwest Region School District" 8865:U.S. Census Bureau. (2004-06-30). 8381:Russian Mission Native Corporation 7249:Kongnigkilnomuit Yuita Corporation 6493:(being with half a woman's face); 6245:) with attached subcutaneous fat ( 5648: 4928:, a Yup'ik singer and dancer from 4828:Yupiit Piciryarait Cultural Center 4448: 4439: 4430: 4396: 4387: 4378: 4369: 4334: 4325: 4316: 4307: 4298: 4289: 4252: 4243: 4234: 4212: 4203: 4184: 4175: 4166: 4157: 4148: 4127: 4118: 4109: 4098: 4089: 4080: 4053: 4044: 4025: 4016: 4007: 3998: 3989: 3961: 3952: 3929: 3920: 3897: 3888: 3879: 3862: 3853: 3844: 3835: 3820: 3811: 3802: 3793: 3784: 3767: 3758: 3749: 3740: 3731: 3718: 3709: 3700: 3691: 3682: 3665: 3656: 3647: 3630: 3621: 3612: 3603: 3594: 3573: 3564: 3555: 3546: 3531: 3522: 3513: 3504: 3495: 3466: 3457: 3448: 3425: 3400: 3391: 3382: 3361: 3352: 3343: 3334: 3325: 3316: 3307: 3298: 3289: 3280: 3271: 3262: 3241: 3232: 3217: 3208: 3199: 3190: 3181: 3164: 3155: 3146: 3137: 3128: 3111: 3102: 3093: 3076: 3067: 3058: 3049: 3040: 3023: 3014: 3005: 2988: 2979: 2970: 2961: 2952: 2939: 2930: 2921: 2912: 2903: 2886: 2865: 2856: 2847: 2838: 2829: 2812: 2803: 2782: 2773: 2764: 2755: 2736: 2727: 2718: 2705: 2696: 2671: 2662: 2653: 2644: 2635: 2626: 2617: 2608: 2599: 2590: 2581: 2572: 2549: 2540: 2531: 2498: 2489: 2480: 2471: 2462: 2427: 2418: 2409: 2400: 2333: 2325: 1854: 1835:The Yupʼik Eskimo did not live in 1535:in the Yupʼik societies exhibit a 1143:Treaty of Saint Petersburg of 1825 1136:. A third influence was the early 251:) and along the northern coast of 235:southwards along the coast of the 25: 11744: 11314: 10279:. University of Washington Press. 10275:Artists of the Tundra and the Sea 10087:"Lower Kuskokwim School District" 9903:Alaska Native Collections : 9861:Alaska Native Collections : 9400:Alaska Native Collections : 9011: 8278:Pilot Station Traditional Village 7537:Chinik Eskimo Community (Golovin) 6794:Food, clean water, and sanitation 6656:) in the mid 18th century. Saint 6465:(sea monster said to resemble an 6176:in Iñupiaq, also for meat called 5786: 5224:Tuntutuliak, Tununak, Pre-School. 4779:Athabaskan groups, including the 4522: 1219: 1097:and then sailed northward around 1047:(Sugpiaqs) in 1784, known as the 11343: 11228:6(3). Alaska Geographic Society. 11061: 11036: 11005: 10992: 10950: 10922: 10910: 10889: 10876: 10854: 10821: 10800: 10767: 9969:. Alaska Native Language Center. 9894:. Kuskwogmiut Yupʼik (Kuskokwim) 9041:Naske and Slotnick, 1987, p. 18. 8961:. Alaska Native Language Center. 8281:Pilot Station Native Corporation 7543:Cook Inlet Region, Incorporated 6089:) are main food for the Yupʼik: 5801:Nunivak Cupʼig children playing 5262:Southwest Region School District 2239:on the Kuskokwim River. Bethel ( 1916:near the present-day village of 1894:and the south shore villages of 1744:model) with walrus ivory dolls. 1477:is derived from the Yupʼik word 1384:traditional ecological knowledge 936:to have their origin in eastern 11183:. University of Nebraska Press. 11107: 10755: 10741: 10727: 10708: 10694: 10677: 10665: 10633:Geographic Dictionary of Alaska 10609: 10589: 10577: 10545: 10490: 10475: 10444: 10283: 10264: 10232: 10219: 10206: 10190: 10165: 10140: 10115: 10104: 10079: 10068: 10052: 10039: 10026: 10014: 9972: 9938: 9919: 9897: 9877: 9855: 9839:. Echospace.org. Archived from 9829: 9804: 9766: 9751: 9717: 9394: 9382: 9306: 9222: 9197: 9118: 9060:Funk, Caroline (October 2010). 9053: 9044: 8816:Non-enrolled lineal descendants 8735:, Lieutenant Governor of Alaska 8655:Bristol Bay Native Corporation 8550:Bristol Bay Native Corporation 8423:Native Village of Saint Michael 8342:Bristol Bay Native Corporation 8302:Pitkas Point Native Corporation 8121:Bristol Bay Native Corporation 8016:Bristol Bay Native Corporation 7916:Bristol Bay Native Corporation 7858:Bristol Bay Native Corporation 7753:Bristol Bay Native Corporation 7669:Bristol Bay Native Corporation 7648:Bristol Bay Native Corporation 7480:Bristol Bay Native Corporation 7459:Bristol Bay Native Corporation 7443:Bristol Bay Native Corporation 7399:Bristol Bay Native Corporation 7357:Bristol Bay Native Corporation 7148:Bristol Bay Native Corporation 6937:fetal alcohol spectrum disorder 6619: 6529:(person who lives in the sea); 5556:(parka cover or overshirt) and 5240:(KSD) is within the village of 5219:Lower Kuskokwim School District 4861:Central Alaskan Yupʼik language 1760:kashigi, kasgee, kashim, kazhim 1510:) and fur parka, photograph by 537:Norton Sound (Unaliq-Pastuliq) 300:Central Alaskan Yupʼik language 11196:University of Alaska Fairbanks 11000:Salisbury & Salisbury 2003 9302:. University of Toronto Press. 9096:The American Historical Review 9035: 8908: 8897: 8892:University of Alaska Fairbanks 8507:Stebbins Community Association 8426:St. Michael Native Corporation 8241:Oscarville Traditional Village 7831:Native Village of Kwigillingok 7558:Native Village of Goodnews Bay 7246:Village of Bill Moore's Slough 7162:Nerklikmute Native Corporation 6946: 6319:Shamanism among Eskimo peoples 5777:Uksuum Cauyai: Drums of Winter 5526:. The semilunar woman's knife 4907:University of Alaska Fairbanks 4865:The Yupʼik speak four or five 4840:University of Alaska Fairbanks 2247:The homeland of Yupʼik is the 2187:(Togiagamiut), inhabiting the 1149:claims and possessions in the 384:Originally, the singular form 13: 1: 11270:. W.W. Norton & Company. 11192:Alaska Native Language Center 11179:Fienup-Riordan, Ann. (2001). 11172:Fienup-Riordan, Ann. (2000). 11165:Fienup-Riordan, Ann. (1996). 11158:Fienup-Riordan, Ann. (1994). 11151:Fienup-Riordan, Ann. (1991). 11144:Fienup-Riordan, Ann. (1990). 11129:Alaska Natives & The Land 10775:Journal of Studies on Alcohol 10658:Fienup-Riordan, Ann. (1990). 10645:Fienup-Riordan, Ann. (1991). 10402:(accessed: December 01 2016). 10340:Theresa Arevgaq John (2010). 10289:Fienup-Riordan, Ann. (1996). 10123:"Kashunamiut School District" 9443:Elisabeth F. Andrews (1989), 8885:Alaska Native Language Center 8853: 8800:U.S. House of Representatives 8733:Valerie Nurr'araaluk Davidson 8652:Twin Hills Native Corporation 8607:Native Village of Tuntutuliak 8544:Traditional Village of Togiak 8492:Alaska Peninsula Corporation 8444:Native Village of Scammon Bay 8244:Oscarville Native Corporation 8199:Native Village of Nunapitchuk 8100:Alaska Peninsula Corporation 7810:Organized Village of Kwethluk 7732:Alaska Peninsula Corporation 6664:(his father was Russian from 6300:(request certain items), and 6275: 5356:qanemci, qalamciq, qalangssak 5271: 4916:Alaska Native Language Center 4657:. The Yupʼik used kayaks for 2012:, which derives in turn from 1976:, which in turn derives from 1746:Ethnological Museum of Berlin 1591: 1191:exploit the natural resources 1122:Russo-American Treaty of 1824 455:, meaning 'person', plus the 11551:Indigenous peoples of Alaska 10439:American Indian Art Magazine 10326:, Vol. 9, No. 3. pp. 131–149 9511:Fienup-Riordan, 1993, p. 29. 8973:Fienup-Riordan, 1993, p. 10. 8954:Jacobson, Steven A. (2012). 8631:Tununrmiut Rinit Corporation 8568:Nunakauiak Yupik Corporation 8513:Bering Straits Native Corp. 8429:Bering Straits Native Corp. 8405:St. Marys Native Corporation 8320:Platinum Traditional Village 7771:Qemirtalek Coast Corporation 7768:Native Village of Kongiganak 7621:Native Village of Hooper Bay 7501:Bering Straits Native Corp. 7223:Orutsararmuit Native Village 7064:Native Regional Corporation 6915:a variety of health problems 6885:may prohibit it altogether. 6868:Alcohol and Native Americans 6612:" or extraordinary person); 6312: 6187:through a subsistence diet. 5821:played and performed by the 5793:World Eskimo Indian Olympics 5124: 2280:Commercial fishing in Alaska 2191:area. The word derives from 1920:at one of the mouths of the 1635: 1560: 1293:Alaskan Eskimo Ceremonialism 7: 11723:Alaska Native ethnic groups 11245:Oswalt, Wendell H. (1990). 11238:Oswalt, Wendell H. (1967). 10618:. Alaska's Digital Archive. 10524:. The University of Montana 10411:Klistoff, Alysa J. (2007), 10320:"Yupʼik Dance: Old and New" 10304:The Milotte Mask Collection 10075:Lower Yukon School District 9190:Ann Fienup-Riordan (1982), 8989:Steven A. Jacobson (1984). 8838: 8510:Stebbins Native Corporation 8157:Native Village of Nightmute 8097:Newhalen Native Corporation 8073:Native Village of Napaskiak 8031:Native Village of Napaimute 7729:Kokhanok Native Corporation 7330:Chuloonawick Native Village 7142:Native Village of Aleknagik 6501:(big hand from the ocean); 6335:) exorcising evil spirits ( 6307: 5451:-like beaded circular cap ( 5438: 5238:Kashunamiut School District 5209:Lower Yukon School District 5175:Kashunamiut School District 4854: 4531:Nunivak kayaks, August 1936 2016:, meaning "dipnet". In the 1930:to become set in a position 1345: 449:comes from the Yupʼik word 318:. They are one of the four 279:dialect-speaking people of 27:Indigenous people of Alaska 10: 11749: 11728:Native Americans in Alaska 11220:Morgan, Lael, ed. (1979). 10355:Kiana, Chris (2004/2016). 9228:Sybil M. Lassiter (1998), 9205:"Purchase of Alaska, 1867" 8894:. Retrieved on 2014-04-04. 8759:, a Yugtun language expert 8052:Native Village of Napakiak 7952:Native Village of Mekoryuk 7666:Iliamna Native Corporation 7645:Igiugig Native Corporation 7579:Native Village of Hamilton 7540:Golovin Native Corporation 7061:Native Village Corporation 6933:Center for Disease Control 6865: 6697:Orthodox Church in America 6658:Jacob (or Iakov) Netsvetov 6513:(rock-throwing creature); 6316: 6213: 5896: 5890: 5886: 5863: 5790: 5658: 5652: 5599: 5546:Rangifer tarandus tarandus 5458: 5284:(traditional legends) and 4858: 4818: 4491:. The Yupʼik communities ( 2304:Coastal Togiak subregion ( 2289:(man) comes from the root 2221: 2113:and the people are called 1565:The Yupʼik created larger 1518: 1493: 1240:and historical narratives 1157:United States colonization 923: 918: 901:Upper Kuskokwim Athabaskan 36: 29: 11669: 11620: 11562: 11496: 11474: 11453: 11435: 11389: 11359: 11352: 11341: 11322: 11113:Barker, James H. (1993). 10886:. Arcticcircle.uconn.edu. 10302:Lynn Ager Wallen (1999), 10225:Anna W. Jacobson (1998), 9948:. Bethelculturecenter.com 9167:Alaska Native Land Claims 8957:Yupʼik Eskimo Dictionary, 8889:"Central Alaskan Yupʼik." 8832:First Gentleman of Alaska 8628:Native Village of Tununak 8586:Tuluksak Native Community 8257:Native Village of Paimiut 7913:Manokotak Natives Limited 7750:Koliganek Natives Limited 7582:Nunapiglluraq Corporation 7228:Bethel Native Corporation 7145:Aleknagik Natives Limited 7079:Akiachak Native Community 6911:continental United States 6788: 6565:(caribou-like creature); 6252: 5940:), many species of fish ( 5233:Akiachak, Akiak, Tuluksak 5108: 5094: 5080: 5066: 5052: 5047: 5044: 5041: 5038: 5017: 5003: 4989: 4975: 4970: 4967: 4964: 4961: 3986:other furbearers trapping 2107:Nunivak dialect of Yupʼik 1817:making, tool making, and 1408: 1394:, and spiritual balance. 1299:(1925–2001), an American 1110:Shelikhov-Golikov Company 1013:Shelikhov-Golikov Company 379: 326:, closely related to the 271:. They are also known as 140: 135: 112: 107: 88: 83: 69: 64: 60:34,000 (2010 U.S. Census) 59: 54: 11188:Yupʼik Eskimo Dictionary 10818:accessed October 7, 2009 10815:News From Indian Country 10702:"Dry / Damp Communities" 10148:"Kuspuk School District" 9701:Oswalt, 1990, pp. 13–14. 9656:NPT, Inc. (2004-08-24). 9369:Angayuqaq Oscar Kawagley 9164:Robert D. rnold (1978), 8610:Tuntutuliak Land Limited 7873:Village of Lower Kalskag 7855:Levelock Natives Limited 7792:Kotlik Yupik Corporation 7705:Native Village of Kipnuk 7372:Village of Crooked Creek 7333:Chuloonawick Corporation 7036:Bureau of Indian Affairs 6826:(hypercholesterolemia), 6477:(monster identified as " 6292:(Festival of the Dead), 5809:in Cupʼig), 1940 or 1941 5539:Rangifer tarandus granti 4462: 2145:. The word derives from 2127:. The name derives from 2101:. The name derives from 2045:. The name derives from 1336:Angayuqaq Oscar Kawagley 1265:Russian-American Company 1114:Russian-American Company 1017:Russian-American Company 596:General Central Yupʼik ( 50:(Central Alaskan Yupʼik) 10045:Our Language Our Souls: 10032:Michael Krauss (1980), 9908:“old-style dog harness” 8721:Callan Chythlook-Sifsof 8400:Algaaciq Native Village 8339:Ohgsenskale Corporation 7498:Elim Native Corporation 7351:Village of Clarks Point 7018:. Native tribes had no 6931:A 1995-97 study by the 6926:Northern Plains Indians 6695:, a part of the larger 6261:or "Eskimo ice cream". 6123:Pink or Humpback salmon 6074: 5859: 5639:Smithsonian Institution 5579: 5502:), sewn together using 5382:) of the storytellers ( 5164:Bilingual Education Act 5152:Alaska Native languages 4976:General Central Yupʼik 4850:Language and literature 4580:Arktikum Science Museum 2278:resources is domestic. 2275:hunter-fisher-gatherers 2022:Toksook bay, Nightmute, 1766:in the old literature; 1301:cultural anthropologist 1043:against the indigenous 911: 905: 894: 888: 877: 855: 844: 838: 826: 820: 802: 795: 788: 777: 771: 759: 752: 745: 738: 731: 724: 716: 706: 699: 692: 685: 678: 671: 663: 653: 646: 639: 632: 626: 620: 613: 606: 598: 588: 581: 574: 567: 561: 555: 548: 541: 501: 499:, compared to Siberian 495: 486: 472: 466: 460: 451: 445: 439: 433: 427: 418: 412: 406: 396: 386: 32:Cup'ik (disambiguation) 11222:Alaska's Native People 11073:. Accessed 6 Feb 2014. 10111:Yupiit School District 9801:2(1): 28–33, June 2014 9710:Terryl Miller (2006), 9353:Graves, Kathy (2004). 9146:Cite journal requires 9131:10.1037/e401522005-069 8705:Rita Pitka Blumenstein 8547:Togiak Natives Limited 8523:Village of Stony River 7889:McGrath Native Village 7495:Native Village of Elim 7453:Native Village of Ekuk 7100:Akiak Native Community 7058:Native tribal entities 7008:1925 serum run to Nome 6897:are more common among 6849:in Yupʼik and Cupʼik, 6812:cardiovascular disease 6760:religious congregation 6707: 6628:history, in part from 6456: 6401:in Yupʼik and Cupʼik, 6344: 6227: 6130: 6107:Chinook or King salmon 6019: 5916: 5810: 5729:(dance location). The 5674: 5597: 5456: 5435:are the most popular. 5414: 5360:qanengssi, univkangssi 5358:in Yupʼik and Cupʼik, 5325:in Yupʼik and Cupʼik, 5252:Kuspuk School District 5229:Yupiit School District 5178: 5146: 4937: 4770:in Yupʼik and Cupʼik, 4738:in Yupʼik and Cupʼik, 4705:in Yupʼik and Cupʼik, 4655:Eskimo–Aleut languages 4630:in Yupʼik and Cupʼik, 4602: 4583: 4582:in Rovaniemi, Finland. 4532: 4453: 4444: 4435: 4411:Basket grass gathering 4401: 4392: 4383: 4374: 4339: 4330: 4321: 4312: 4303: 4294: 4257: 4248: 4239: 4217: 4208: 4189: 4180: 4171: 4162: 4153: 4132: 4123: 4114: 4103: 4094: 4085: 4058: 4049: 4030: 4021: 4012: 4003: 3994: 3966: 3957: 3934: 3925: 3902: 3893: 3884: 3867: 3858: 3849: 3840: 3825: 3816: 3807: 3798: 3789: 3772: 3763: 3754: 3745: 3736: 3723: 3714: 3705: 3696: 3687: 3670: 3661: 3652: 3635: 3626: 3617: 3608: 3599: 3578: 3569: 3560: 3551: 3536: 3527: 3518: 3509: 3500: 3471: 3462: 3453: 3430: 3405: 3396: 3387: 3366: 3357: 3348: 3339: 3330: 3321: 3312: 3303: 3294: 3285: 3276: 3267: 3246: 3237: 3222: 3213: 3204: 3195: 3186: 3169: 3160: 3151: 3142: 3133: 3116: 3107: 3098: 3081: 3072: 3063: 3054: 3045: 3028: 3019: 3010: 2993: 2984: 2975: 2966: 2957: 2944: 2935: 2926: 2917: 2908: 2891: 2870: 2861: 2852: 2843: 2834: 2817: 2808: 2787: 2778: 2769: 2760: 2741: 2732: 2723: 2710: 2701: 2676: 2667: 2658: 2649: 2640: 2631: 2622: 2613: 2604: 2595: 2586: 2577: 2554: 2545: 2536: 2503: 2494: 2485: 2476: 2467: 2432: 2423: 2414: 2405: 2338: 2330: 2244: 2008:, the Yupʼik name for 1972:, the Yupʼik name for 1749: 1653: 1584:for men and boys, and 1557:aggregating annually. 1515: 1287:(1906–2006) published 866: 231:ranging from southern 178: 48:Yupʼik, Cupʼig, Cupʼik 11204:Kizzia, Tom. (1991). 10672:Overview and Findings 10583:Tanya Storch (2006), 10271:Ray, Dorothy (1961). 8689:Kuskokwim Corporation 8526:Kuskokwim Corporation 8468:Kuskokwim Corporation 8181:Swan Lake Corporation 8034:Kuskokwim Corporation 8013:Paug-Vik Inc. Limited 8010:Naknek Native Village 7876:Kuskokwim Corporation 7477:Ekwok Natives Limited 7415:Native Village of Eek 7375:Kuskokwim Corporation 7312:Kuskokwim Corporation 7288:Chevak Native Village 7201:Village of Atmautluak 7183:Kuskokwim Corporation 7103:Kokarmiut Corporation 6804:eicosapentaenoic acid 6705: 6451: 6326: 6221: 6115:Coho or Silver salmon 6091:Sockeye or Red salmon 6082: 6013: 5910: 5800: 5751:Yupik Dance Festivals 5668: 5587: 5490:and land mammals for 5446: 5172: 5139:Crooked Creek, Alaska 5136: 4924: 4589: 4577: 4530: 4452: 4443: 4434: 4400: 4391: 4382: 4373: 4338: 4329: 4320: 4311: 4302: 4293: 4256: 4247: 4238: 4216: 4207: 4188: 4179: 4170: 4161: 4152: 4131: 4122: 4113: 4102: 4093: 4084: 4057: 4048: 4029: 4020: 4011: 4002: 3993: 3965: 3956: 3933: 3924: 3901: 3892: 3883: 3866: 3857: 3848: 3839: 3824: 3815: 3806: 3797: 3788: 3771: 3762: 3753: 3744: 3735: 3722: 3713: 3704: 3695: 3686: 3669: 3660: 3651: 3634: 3625: 3616: 3607: 3598: 3577: 3568: 3559: 3550: 3535: 3526: 3517: 3508: 3499: 3470: 3461: 3452: 3429: 3404: 3395: 3386: 3365: 3356: 3347: 3338: 3329: 3320: 3311: 3302: 3293: 3284: 3275: 3266: 3245: 3236: 3221: 3212: 3203: 3194: 3185: 3168: 3159: 3150: 3141: 3132: 3115: 3106: 3097: 3080: 3071: 3062: 3053: 3044: 3027: 3018: 3009: 2992: 2983: 2974: 2965: 2956: 2943: 2934: 2925: 2916: 2907: 2898:other freshwater fish 2890: 2869: 2860: 2851: 2842: 2833: 2816: 2807: 2786: 2777: 2768: 2759: 2740: 2731: 2722: 2709: 2700: 2675: 2666: 2657: 2648: 2639: 2630: 2621: 2612: 2603: 2594: 2585: 2576: 2553: 2544: 2535: 2502: 2493: 2484: 2475: 2466: 2431: 2422: 2413: 2404: 2337: 2329: 2298:Alaska salmon fishery 2234: 1735: 1684:The women's house or 1643: 1533:Kinship terminologies 1501: 1450:teggneret ~ teggenret 1444:teggnerek ~ teggenrek 1392:indigenous psychology 1380:traditional knowledge 1273:Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta 851:Holikachuk Athabaskan 338:of Russian Far East. 298:groups and speak the 243:(including living on 241:Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta 172: 136:Related ethnic groups 11212:MacLean, Edna Ahgeak 9692:Oswalt, 1990, p. 12. 9104:10.1086/ahr/80.3.613 8768:Peter Kaiser, first 8692:Calista Corporation 8671:Calista Corporation 8634:Calista Corporation 8613:Calista Corporation 8592:Calista Corporation 8571:Calista Corporation 8529:Calista Corporation 8486:South Naknek Village 8471:Calista Corporation 8465:Village of Sleetmute 8450:Calista Corporation 8408:Calista Corporation 8384:Calista Corporation 8363:Calista Corporation 8326:Calista Corporation 8305:Calista Corporation 8284:Calista Corporation 8263:Calista Corporation 8247:Calista Corporation 8226:Calista Corporation 8220:Village of Ohogamiut 8205:Calista Corporation 8184:Calista Corporation 8163:Calista Corporation 8142:Calista Corporation 8115:New Stuyahok Village 8079:Calista Corporation 8058:Calista Corporation 8055:Napakiak Corporation 8037:Calista Corporation 7995:Calista Corporation 7979:Calista Corporation 7958:Calista Corporation 7937:Calista Corporation 7879:Calista Corporation 7837:Calista Corporation 7816:Calista Corporation 7795:Calista Corporation 7774:Calista Corporation 7711:Calista Corporation 7690:Calista Corporation 7627:Calista Corporation 7624:Sea Lion Corporation 7585:Calista Corporation 7564:Calista Corporation 7522:Calista Corporation 7440:Becharof Corporation 7422:Calista Corporation 7378:Calista Corporation 7336:Calista Corporation 7315:Calista Corporation 7294:Calista Corporation 7273:Calista Corporation 7267:Village of Chefornak 7252:Calista Corporation 7231:Calista Corporation 7207:Calista Corporation 7186:Calista Corporation 7165:Calista Corporation 7159:Yupiit of Andreafski 7127:Calista Corporation 7124:Alakanuk Corporation 7106:Calista Corporation 7085:Calista Corporation 7026:Modern tribal unions 6985:H1N1 influenza virus 6903:Unintentional injury 6830:(hypertension), and 6808:docosahexaenoic acid 6758:is a Christian male 6660:, a Russian-Alaskan 6288:(Bladder Festival), 6148:(and salmon) called 5982:freshwater whitefish 5911:Tumnaq used to make 5594:Dallas Museum of Art 5552:. The English words 5332:ilakellriit qulirait 5204:of the Yupʼik area: 5073:18,000 / 12,000 67% 5070:17,000 / 14,000 80% 5039:People and language 4594:cockpit stanchions ( 4517:Kusilvak Census Area 1620:The position of the 1177:(1884–1912) and the 1171:Department of Alaska 995:Russian colonization 979:) on the Kuskokwim. 878:Nobaagha hutʼaankkaa 834:Deg Xinag Athabaskan 404:) have other forms: 360:, such as Yupikized 11454:Notable individuals 11135:Fienup-Riordan, Ann 10561:The Limestone Press 10435:Fienup-Riordan, Ann 9935:. Alaskanative.net. 9837:"Qayaqs and Canoes" 9482:Fienup-Riordan, Ann 9246:Marie Lowe (2007), 8447:Askinuk Corporation 8260:Paimiut Corporation 8202:Nunapitchuk Limited 7519:Emmonak Corporation 7456:Ekuk Native Limited 7204:Atmauthluak Limited 7156:(today: St. Mary's) 7121:Village of Alakanuk 7002:(later an epidemic 6828:high blood pressure 6800:omega-3 fatty acids 6296:(Messenger Feast), 6190:Tepas, also called 6185:omega-3 fatty acids 6069:Alaskan Athabaskans 5995:Traditional Yupʼik 5903:Greenlandic cuisine 5854:opposite directions 5721:(song structures), 5637:, as a part of the 5087:13,000 / 4,000 31% 5084:12,000 / 5,000 40% 5035: 4958: 4805:Alaskan Athabaskans 4223:Bird eggs gathering 2341: 2340:occasional harvest 1541:social organization 1487:Elders-in-residence 1415:Alaska Native elder 1382:, environmental or 1195:Moravian Protestant 1179:Territory of Alaska 985:Russian colonialism 884:Denaʼina Athabaskan 824:(Northern Kodiak), 510: 358:Alaskan Athabaskans 347:bilingual education 118:Moravian Protestant 51: 11353:Homelands by state 11266:The Cruelest Miles 11002:, pp. 42, 50) 10505:2012-02-06 at the 10238:Paul John (2003), 9985:2014-12-04 at the 9931:2016-07-22 at the 9913:2013-09-18 at the 9890:2014-12-01 at the 9871:2014-11-30 at the 9743:2016-03-03 at the 9663:2011-03-11 at the 9234:. Greenwood Press. 9018:East Asian Studies 8998:2014-12-04 at the 8686:Village of Kalskag 8649:Twin Hills Village 7708:Kugkaktilk Limited 7663:Village of Iliamna 7600:Holy Cross Village 7291:Chevak Corporation 7237:Bill Moores Slough 6981:influenza pandemic 6877:on home brew in a 6741:John Henry Kilbuck 6708: 6457: 6345: 6228: 6131: 6099:Chum or Dog salmon 6020: 5917: 5811: 5675: 5598: 5457: 5179: 5147: 5098:3,000 / 1,000 33% 5095:Sugpiaq (Alutiiq) 5059:1,000 / 1,050 95% 5056:1,000 / 1,050 95% 5033: 5004:Hooper Bay-Chevak 4956: 4938: 4603: 4584: 4533: 4454: 4445: 4436: 4402: 4393: 4384: 4375: 4340: 4331: 4322: 4313: 4304: 4295: 4258: 4249: 4240: 4218: 4209: 4190: 4181: 4172: 4163: 4154: 4133: 4124: 4115: 4104: 4095: 4086: 4059: 4050: 4031: 4022: 4013: 4004: 3995: 3967: 3958: 3935: 3926: 3903: 3894: 3885: 3868: 3859: 3850: 3841: 3826: 3817: 3808: 3799: 3790: 3773: 3764: 3755: 3746: 3737: 3724: 3715: 3706: 3697: 3688: 3671: 3662: 3653: 3636: 3627: 3618: 3609: 3600: 3579: 3570: 3561: 3552: 3537: 3528: 3519: 3510: 3501: 3472: 3463: 3454: 3431: 3406: 3397: 3388: 3367: 3358: 3349: 3340: 3331: 3322: 3313: 3304: 3295: 3286: 3277: 3268: 3247: 3238: 3223: 3214: 3205: 3196: 3187: 3170: 3161: 3152: 3143: 3134: 3117: 3108: 3099: 3082: 3073: 3064: 3055: 3046: 3029: 3020: 3011: 2994: 2985: 2976: 2967: 2958: 2945: 2936: 2927: 2918: 2909: 2892: 2871: 2862: 2853: 2844: 2835: 2818: 2809: 2788: 2779: 2770: 2761: 2742: 2733: 2724: 2711: 2702: 2677: 2668: 2659: 2650: 2641: 2632: 2623: 2614: 2605: 2596: 2587: 2578: 2555: 2546: 2537: 2504: 2495: 2486: 2477: 2468: 2433: 2424: 2415: 2406: 2339: 2331: 2303: 2245: 1750: 1654: 1516: 1313:Ann Fienup-Riordan 1175:District of Alaska 1161:The United States 954:Bering land bridge 873:Koyukon Athabaskan 508: 302:, a member of the 189:(sg & pl) and 179: 177:Cupʼig man in 1929 47: 11705: 11704: 11517: 11516: 11431: 11430: 11226:Alaska Geographic 11190:. Fairbanks, AK: 11093:. 23 October 2008 10882:Henry W. Griest, 10764:. Northslope.org. 10762:Chapter 3: Injury 10570:978-0-919642-01-0 9523:Pete, 1993, p. 8. 9012:Vajda, Edward J. 8696: 8695: 8668:Umkumiute Limited 8589:Tulkisarmute Inc. 8489:Quinuyang Limited 7910:Manokotak Village 7789:Village of Kotlik 7396:Choggiung Limited 7270:Chefarnrmute Inc. 6977:1918 flu pandemic 6693:Diocese of Alaska 6561:(magical kayak); 6440: 6434: 6428: 6417:and composed the 6400: 6394: 6388: 6381: 6375: 6369: 6224:Point Lay, Alaska 6222:Muktuk drying at 6162:neqpiit ~ neqpiat 5627:Alaska Native art 5506:made from animal 5421:Alaska Native art 5353: 5347: 5324: 5318: 5278:oral storytelling 5122: 5121: 5031: 5030: 4942:dialect continuum 4844:Alaska Native art 4769: 4763: 4757: 4737: 4731: 4725: 4704: 4698: 4691: 4685: 4679: 4648: 4644:qay'at ~ qass'it 4642: 4636: 4629: 4623: 4617: 4539:was primarily by 4460: 4459: 2227:Hunting-gathering 2218:between regions. 1797: 1791: 1784: 1778: 1772: 1719: 1713: 1706: 1700: 1694: 1545:bilateral descent 1454: 1448: 1442: 1435: 1429: 1423: 1369: 1363: 1297:James W. VanStone 1277:Lavrenty Zagoskin 1151:Pacific Northwest 1037:Grigory Shelikhov 971:on the Yukon and 830:(Southern Kodiak) 816:Alutiiq ~ Sugpiaq 809: 808: 328:Sugpiaq ~ Alutiiq 259:and the northern 222: 216: 210: 167: 166: 16:(Redirected from 11740: 11648: 11544: 11537: 11530: 11521: 11520: 11357: 11356: 11347: 11309: 11302: 11295: 11286: 11285: 11281: 11269: 11102: 11101: 11099: 11098: 11083: 11074: 11065: 11059: 11058: 11056: 11055: 11040: 11034: 11033: 11031: 11030: 11024: 11018:. Archived from 11017: 11009: 11003: 10996: 10990: 10983: 10974: 10973: 10971: 10969: 10960:. Archived from 10954: 10948: 10947: 10945: 10943: 10926: 10920: 10914: 10908: 10907: 10905: 10903: 10893: 10887: 10884:The Big Sickness 10880: 10874: 10873: 10868:. Archived from 10858: 10852: 10851: 10825: 10819: 10810:Associated Press 10804: 10798: 10787: 10778: 10771: 10765: 10759: 10753: 10745: 10739: 10731: 10725: 10724: 10712: 10706: 10705: 10698: 10692: 10681: 10675: 10674:. Princeton.edu. 10669: 10663: 10656: 10650: 10643: 10637: 10625: 10619: 10613: 10607: 10606: 10604: 10603: 10593: 10587: 10581: 10575: 10574: 10555:. Translated by 10549: 10543: 10536: 10525: 10516: 10510: 10494: 10488: 10479: 10473: 10467: 10458: 10448: 10442: 10432: 10426: 10409: 10403: 10393: 10392:on 3 March 2016. 10388:. Archived from 10382: 10376: 10353: 10347: 10338: 10327: 10313: 10307: 10300: 10294: 10287: 10281: 10280: 10278: 10268: 10262: 10249: 10243: 10236: 10230: 10223: 10217: 10210: 10204: 10194: 10188: 10187: 10185: 10184: 10175:. Archived from 10169: 10163: 10162: 10160: 10159: 10150:. Archived from 10144: 10138: 10137: 10135: 10134: 10125:. Archived from 10119: 10113: 10108: 10102: 10101: 10099: 10098: 10089:. Archived from 10083: 10077: 10072: 10066: 10056: 10050: 10043: 10037: 10030: 10024: 10018: 10012: 10003: 9994: 9976: 9970: 9964: 9958: 9957: 9955: 9953: 9942: 9936: 9923: 9917: 9901: 9895: 9881: 9875: 9859: 9853: 9852: 9850: 9848: 9843:on 21 March 2016 9833: 9827: 9826: 9824: 9822: 9816: 9808: 9802: 9795: 9786: 9785: 9783: 9781: 9770: 9764: 9755: 9749: 9733: 9727: 9721: 9715: 9708: 9702: 9699: 9693: 9690: 9684: 9681: 9668: 9658:"We are Cupʼit." 9654: 9648: 9645: 9612: 9609: 9584: 9581: 9556: 9553: 9524: 9521: 9512: 9509: 9500: 9499: 9478: 9463: 9456: 9450: 9441: 9404: 9398: 9392: 9386: 9380: 9366: 9360: 9351: 9340: 9331: 9316: 9313:Lesson One words 9310: 9304: 9303: 9295: 9289: 9280: 9253: 9244: 9235: 9226: 9220: 9219: 9217: 9215: 9201: 9195: 9188: 9171: 9162: 9156: 9155: 9149: 9144: 9142: 9134: 9122: 9116: 9115: 9079: 9070: 9069: 9057: 9051: 9048: 9042: 9039: 9033: 9032: 9030: 9029: 9020:. Archived from 9014:"Siberian Yupik" 9009: 9003: 8987: 8974: 8971: 8962: 8952: 8931: 8930: 8928: 8927: 8918:. Archived from 8912: 8906: 8901: 8895: 8887:. (2001-12-07). 8882: 8873: 8863: 8784:, viral musician 8727:Crow Village Sam 8294:Negeqliim Painga 8118:Stuyahok Limited 8094:Newhalen Village 7964:Mountain Village 7955:Nima Corporation 7852:Levelock Village 7726:Kokhanok Village 7241:Konogkelyokamiut 7180:Village of Aniak 7082:Akiachak Limited 7052: 7051: 6996:Seward Peninsula 6907:Native Americans 6862:Alcohol epidemic 6832:chronic diseases 6824:high cholesterol 6776:Segundo Llorente 6756:Society of Jesus 6646:Russian Orthodox 6630:Russian Orthodox 6485:(sea creature); 6473:(monster fish); 6438: 6432: 6426: 6419:dances and music 6398: 6392: 6386: 6379: 6373: 6367: 6226:. June 24, 2007. 6158:neqpik ~ neqpiaq 6014:Elevated cache ( 5984:, land mammals ( 5966:Alaska blackfish 5913:Eskimo ice cream 5760:(you-rawr-puk). 5465:The traditional 5351: 5345: 5322: 5316: 5202:school districts 5145:), March 5, 2008 5115:2,100 / 400 19% 5112:2,200 / 700 35% 5109:Aleut (Unangan) 5101:3,100 / 600 19% 5036: 5032: 4990:Unaliq-Pastuliq 4959: 4955: 4830:is a non-profit 4767: 4761: 4755: 4735: 4729: 4723: 4702: 4696: 4689: 4683: 4677: 4649:in Cupʼig; from 4646: 4640: 4634: 4627: 4621: 4615: 4505:Mountain Village 4469:Nome Census Area 2342: 2302: 2300:in Bristol Bay. 2141:to its mouth in 2091:, "area beside". 1873:tungelquqellriit 1795: 1789: 1782: 1776: 1770: 1717: 1711: 1704: 1698: 1692: 1554:Parallel cousins 1459:in Cupʼig) is a 1452: 1446: 1440: 1433: 1427: 1421: 1367: 1361: 1185:(1959–present). 1163:purchased Alaska 1138:Russian Orthodox 1069:Tlingit language 1061:Pribilof Islands 1057:Aleutian Islands 946:American Indians 914: 908: 897: 891: 880: 869: 858: 847: 841: 829: 823: 805: 798: 791: 780: 774: 762: 755: 748: 741: 734: 727: 719: 709: 702: 695: 688: 681: 674: 666: 656: 649: 642: 635: 629: 623: 616: 609: 601: 591: 584: 577: 570: 564: 558: 551: 544: 511: 507: 504: 498: 489: 475: 469: 463: 454: 448: 442: 436: 430: 421: 415: 409: 399: 389: 368:, non-Yupikized 343:Southwest Alaska 261:Alaska Peninsula 220: 214: 208: 126:Russian Orthodox 55:Total population 52: 46: 21: 11748: 11747: 11743: 11742: 11741: 11739: 11738: 11737: 11708: 11707: 11706: 11701: 11665: 11654:Central Alaskan 11644: 11640:Alutiiq–Sugpiaq 11616: 11612:Upper Kuskokwim 11558: 11555:Tribal entities 11548: 11518: 11513: 11492: 11478: 11470: 11449: 11427: 11385: 11348: 11339: 11330:Yupik languages 11318: 11313: 11278: 11240:Alaskan Eskimos 11110: 11105: 11096: 11094: 11085: 11084: 11077: 11066: 11062: 11053: 11051: 11041: 11037: 11028: 11026: 11022: 11015: 11011: 11010: 11006: 10997: 10993: 10984: 10977: 10967: 10965: 10956: 10955: 10951: 10941: 10939: 10938:. 28 March 1995 10928: 10927: 10923: 10915: 10911: 10901: 10899: 10895: 10894: 10890: 10881: 10877: 10860: 10859: 10855: 10826: 10822: 10805: 10801: 10788: 10781: 10772: 10768: 10760: 10756: 10752:54(1–2):153-69. 10746: 10742: 10732: 10728: 10713: 10709: 10700: 10699: 10695: 10682: 10678: 10670: 10666: 10657: 10653: 10644: 10640: 10626: 10622: 10614: 10610: 10601: 10599: 10595: 10594: 10590: 10582: 10578: 10571: 10551: 10550: 10546: 10537: 10528: 10517: 10513: 10507:Wayback Machine 10495: 10491: 10480: 10476: 10468: 10461: 10449: 10445: 10433: 10429: 10410: 10406: 10384: 10383: 10379: 10354: 10350: 10339: 10330: 10314: 10310: 10301: 10297: 10288: 10284: 10269: 10265: 10261:46(3): 116–136. 10250: 10246: 10237: 10233: 10224: 10220: 10211: 10207: 10195: 10191: 10182: 10180: 10171: 10170: 10166: 10157: 10155: 10146: 10145: 10141: 10132: 10130: 10121: 10120: 10116: 10109: 10105: 10096: 10094: 10085: 10084: 10080: 10073: 10069: 10057: 10053: 10044: 10040: 10031: 10027: 10019: 10015: 10004: 9997: 9987:Wayback Machine 9977: 9973: 9965: 9961: 9951: 9949: 9944: 9943: 9939: 9933:Wayback Machine 9924: 9920: 9915:Wayback Machine 9902: 9898: 9892:Wayback Machine 9882: 9878: 9873:Wayback Machine 9860: 9856: 9846: 9844: 9835: 9834: 9830: 9820: 9818: 9814: 9810: 9809: 9805: 9796: 9789: 9779: 9777: 9772: 9771: 9767: 9756: 9752: 9745:Wayback Machine 9734: 9730: 9722: 9718: 9709: 9705: 9700: 9696: 9691: 9687: 9682: 9671: 9665:Wayback Machine 9655: 9651: 9647:Jacobson, 1984. 9646: 9615: 9610: 9587: 9582: 9559: 9554: 9527: 9522: 9515: 9510: 9503: 9496: 9479: 9466: 9457: 9453: 9442: 9407: 9399: 9395: 9387: 9383: 9367: 9363: 9352: 9343: 9332: 9319: 9311: 9307: 9296: 9292: 9281: 9256: 9245: 9238: 9227: 9223: 9213: 9211: 9203: 9202: 9198: 9189: 9174: 9163: 9159: 9147: 9145: 9136: 9135: 9123: 9119: 9098:. Book Review. 9080: 9073: 9058: 9054: 9049: 9045: 9040: 9036: 9027: 9025: 9010: 9006: 9000:Wayback Machine 8988: 8977: 8972: 8965: 8953: 8934: 8925: 8923: 8914: 8913: 8909: 8902: 8898: 8883: 8876: 8864: 8860: 8856: 8846:Dear Lemon Lima 8841: 8818: 8701: 8369:Russian Mission 7992:Nagamut Limited 7934:Maserculig Inc. 7895:Doyon, Limited 7642:Igiugig Village 7606:Doyon, Limited 7603:Deloycheet Inc. 7516:Emmonak Village 7032:tribal entities 7028: 6975:) of 1918. The 6949: 6922:alcohol-related 6870: 6864: 6796: 6791: 6764:Catholic Church 6749:Joseph H. Romig 6736:Mamterillermiut 6712:Moravian Church 6678:Russian Mission 6654:promyshlennikis 6622: 6321: 6315: 6310: 6278: 6255: 6216: 6077: 5905: 5895: 5889: 5876:cugaq, cugaruaq 5868: 5862: 5795: 5789: 5781:Emmonak, Alaska 5772:Drums of Winter 5753: 5663: 5657: 5651: 5649:Music and dance 5604: 5596:, Dallas, Texas 5582: 5570:promyshlennikis 5463: 5461:Yupʼik clothing 5441: 5429:Yupʼik clothing 5417: 5274: 5156:Sheldon Jackson 5127: 5067:Central Yupʼik 5053:Siberian Yupik 5048:1992 viability 4934:President Obama 4867:Yupik languages 4863: 4857: 4852: 4832:cultural center 4821: 4776:ikamrag, qamaug 4632:qayar ~ qay'ar 4590:Nunivak Cupʼig 4535:Traditionally, 4525: 4465: 2235:Aerial view of 2229: 2224: 2175:to present-day 2125:Kuskokwim River 1857: 1855:Regional groups 1752:Men's house or 1638: 1594: 1563: 1521: 1512:Edward S Curtis 1496: 1461:respected elder 1411: 1348: 1320:Harold Napoleon 1285:Margaret Lantis 1255:, as a part of 1222: 1199:Jesuit Catholic 1183:State of Alaska 1159: 1118:sea otter trade 1053:Russian America 1049:Awa'uq Massacre 1039:led attacks on 997: 926: 921: 382: 376:, to the east. 255:as far east as 249:Nunivak Islands 146:Sugpiaq/Alutiiq 92:(and dialects: 71: 49: 45: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 11746: 11736: 11735: 11730: 11725: 11720: 11703: 11702: 11700: 11699: 11694: 11689: 11684: 11679: 11673: 11671: 11667: 11666: 11664: 11663: 11662: 11661: 11656: 11651: 11650: 11649: 11632: 11626: 11624: 11618: 11617: 11615: 11614: 11609: 11604: 11599: 11594: 11589: 11584: 11579: 11574: 11568: 11566: 11560: 11559: 11547: 11546: 11539: 11532: 11524: 11515: 11514: 11512: 11511: 11505: 11497: 11494: 11493: 11491: 11490: 11484: 11482: 11472: 11471: 11469: 11468: 11463: 11457: 11455: 11451: 11450: 11448: 11447: 11441: 11439: 11433: 11432: 11429: 11428: 11426: 11425: 11424: 11423: 11422: 11421: 11416: 11411: 11395: 11393: 11387: 11386: 11384: 11383: 11382: 11381: 11376: 11365: 11363: 11354: 11350: 11349: 11342: 11340: 11338: 11337: 11332: 11326: 11324: 11320: 11319: 11312: 11311: 11304: 11297: 11289: 11283: 11282: 11276: 11259: 11253: 11250: 11243: 11236: 11229: 11218: 11209: 11202: 11199: 11184: 11177: 11170: 11163: 11156: 11149: 11142: 11132: 11125: 11118: 11109: 11106: 11104: 11103: 11075: 11060: 11035: 11004: 10991: 10975: 10949: 10921: 10909: 10888: 10875: 10872:on 2006-02-11. 10853: 10820: 10799: 10779: 10766: 10754: 10740: 10726: 10707: 10693: 10676: 10664: 10651: 10638: 10620: 10608: 10588: 10576: 10569: 10557:Lydia T. Black 10544: 10526: 10511: 10489: 10474: 10459: 10443: 10441:, 27(2): 40–7. 10427: 10404: 10400:WCSpeakers.com 10377: 10365:978-1594330131 10348: 10328: 10308: 10295: 10282: 10263: 10244: 10231: 10218: 10205: 10189: 10164: 10139: 10114: 10103: 10078: 10067: 10051: 10038: 10025: 10013: 9995: 9971: 9959: 9937: 9918: 9906:łeendenaalyoye 9896: 9876: 9854: 9828: 9803: 9787: 9765: 9750: 9728: 9716: 9703: 9694: 9685: 9669: 9649: 9613: 9585: 9557: 9525: 9513: 9501: 9494: 9464: 9451: 9405: 9393: 9381: 9361: 9341: 9317: 9315:. Alaskool.org 9305: 9290: 9254: 9236: 9221: 9196: 9172: 9157: 9148:|journal= 9117: 9071: 9052: 9043: 9034: 9004: 8975: 8963: 8932: 8907: 8896: 8874: 8857: 8855: 8852: 8851: 8850: 8840: 8837: 8836: 8835: 8825: 8817: 8814: 8813: 8812: 8802: 8785: 8782:Byron Nicholai 8779: 8773: 8766: 8760: 8754: 8751:Oscar Kawagley 8748: 8742: 8736: 8730: 8724: 8718: 8708: 8700: 8697: 8694: 8693: 8690: 8687: 8684: 8673: 8672: 8669: 8666: 8663: 8657: 8656: 8653: 8650: 8647: 8636: 8635: 8632: 8629: 8626: 8615: 8614: 8611: 8608: 8605: 8594: 8593: 8590: 8587: 8584: 8573: 8572: 8569: 8566: 8563: 8552: 8551: 8548: 8545: 8542: 8531: 8530: 8527: 8524: 8521: 8515: 8514: 8511: 8508: 8505: 8494: 8493: 8490: 8487: 8484: 8473: 8472: 8469: 8466: 8463: 8452: 8451: 8448: 8445: 8442: 8431: 8430: 8427: 8424: 8421: 8410: 8409: 8406: 8403: 8397: 8386: 8385: 8382: 8379: 8376: 8365: 8364: 8361: 8360:Qanirtuuq Inc. 8358: 8355: 8344: 8343: 8340: 8337: 8334: 8328: 8327: 8324: 8321: 8318: 8307: 8306: 8303: 8300: 8297: 8286: 8285: 8282: 8279: 8276: 8265: 8264: 8261: 8258: 8255: 8249: 8248: 8245: 8242: 8239: 8228: 8227: 8224: 8221: 8218: 8207: 8206: 8203: 8200: 8197: 8186: 8185: 8182: 8179: 8176: 8165: 8164: 8161: 8158: 8155: 8144: 8143: 8140: 8137: 8136:Newtok Village 8134: 8123: 8122: 8119: 8116: 8113: 8102: 8101: 8098: 8095: 8092: 8081: 8080: 8077: 8076:Napaskiak Inc. 8074: 8071: 8060: 8059: 8056: 8053: 8050: 8039: 8038: 8035: 8032: 8029: 8018: 8017: 8014: 8011: 8008: 7997: 7996: 7993: 7990: 7987: 7981: 7980: 7977: 7976:Azachorok Inc. 7974: 7971: 7960: 7959: 7956: 7953: 7950: 7939: 7938: 7935: 7932: 7929: 7918: 7917: 7914: 7911: 7908: 7897: 7896: 7893: 7890: 7887: 7881: 7880: 7877: 7874: 7871: 7860: 7859: 7856: 7853: 7850: 7839: 7838: 7835: 7832: 7829: 7818: 7817: 7814: 7811: 7808: 7797: 7796: 7793: 7790: 7787: 7776: 7775: 7772: 7769: 7766: 7755: 7754: 7751: 7748: 7745: 7734: 7733: 7730: 7727: 7724: 7713: 7712: 7709: 7706: 7703: 7692: 7691: 7688: 7685: 7682: 7671: 7670: 7667: 7664: 7661: 7650: 7649: 7646: 7643: 7640: 7629: 7628: 7625: 7622: 7619: 7608: 7607: 7604: 7601: 7598: 7587: 7586: 7583: 7580: 7577: 7566: 7565: 7562: 7561:Kiutsarak Inc. 7559: 7556: 7545: 7544: 7541: 7538: 7535: 7524: 7523: 7520: 7517: 7514: 7503: 7502: 7499: 7496: 7493: 7482: 7481: 7478: 7475: 7472: 7461: 7460: 7457: 7454: 7451: 7445: 7444: 7441: 7438: 7437:Egegik Village 7435: 7424: 7423: 7420: 7417: 7412: 7401: 7400: 7397: 7394: 7391: 7380: 7379: 7376: 7373: 7370: 7359: 7358: 7355: 7352: 7349: 7338: 7337: 7334: 7331: 7328: 7317: 7316: 7313: 7310: 7307: 7296: 7295: 7292: 7289: 7286: 7275: 7274: 7271: 7268: 7265: 7254: 7253: 7250: 7247: 7244: 7233: 7232: 7229: 7226: 7220: 7209: 7208: 7205: 7202: 7199: 7188: 7187: 7184: 7181: 7178: 7167: 7166: 7163: 7160: 7157: 7150: 7149: 7146: 7143: 7140: 7129: 7128: 7125: 7122: 7119: 7108: 7107: 7104: 7101: 7098: 7087: 7086: 7083: 7080: 7077: 7066: 7065: 7062: 7059: 7056: 7030:Alaska Native 7027: 7024: 7012:Alaska Natives 6948: 6945: 6941:Alaska natives 6899:Alaska Natives 6863: 6860: 6853:in Cupʼig) or 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6714:is the oldest 6621: 6618: 6602:kelessiniayaaq 6545:(giant bird); 6537:(polar bear); 6317:Main article: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304:(invitation). 6277: 6274: 6270:ugnarat neqait 6254: 6251: 6215: 6212: 6180:"real food"). 6138:Pacific salmon 6076: 6073: 5942:Pacific salmon 5893:Yupʼik cuisine 5891:Main article: 5888: 5885: 5870:Yupʼik dolls ( 5864:Main article: 5861: 5858: 5835:Siberian Yupik 5827:Alaska Natives 5791:Main article: 5788: 5787:Toys and games 5785: 5752: 5749: 5725:(regalia) and 5678:Yupʼik dancing 5655:Yupʼik dancing 5653:Main article: 5650: 5647: 5643:Nome Gold Rush 5600:Main article: 5581: 5578: 5459:Main article: 5440: 5437: 5416: 5413: 5364: 5363: 5335: 5273: 5270: 5269: 5268: 5259: 5249: 5244:. English and 5235: 5226: 5216: 5137:School bus at 5126: 5123: 5120: 5119: 5116: 5113: 5110: 5106: 5105: 5102: 5099: 5096: 5092: 5091: 5088: 5085: 5082: 5078: 5077: 5074: 5071: 5068: 5064: 5063: 5060: 5057: 5054: 5050: 5049: 5046: 5043: 5040: 5029: 5028: 5025: 5022: 5019: 5015: 5014: 5011: 5008: 5005: 5001: 5000: 4997: 4994: 4991: 4987: 4986: 4983: 4980: 4977: 4973: 4972: 4969: 4966: 4963: 4962:Yupʼik groups 4951:Nunivak Cupʼig 4932:, performs to 4926:Byron Nicholai 4885:distinguishes 4859:Main article: 4856: 4853: 4851: 4848: 4820: 4817: 4537:transportation 4524: 4523:Transportation 4521: 4473:Brevig Mission 4464: 4461: 4458: 4457: 4455: 4446: 4437: 4428: 4426: 4424: 4422: 4420: 4418: 4416: 4414: 4412: 4408: 4407: 4405: 4403: 4394: 4385: 4376: 4367: 4365: 4363: 4361: 4359: 4357: 4355: 4348: 4347: 4345: 4343: 4341: 4332: 4323: 4314: 4305: 4296: 4287: 4285: 4283: 4281: 4270: 4269: 4267: 4265: 4263: 4261: 4259: 4250: 4241: 4232: 4230: 4228: 4226: 4224: 4220: 4219: 4210: 4201: 4199: 4197: 4195: 4193: 4191: 4182: 4173: 4164: 4155: 4146: 4139: 4138: 4136: 4134: 4125: 4116: 4107: 4105: 4096: 4087: 4078: 4076: 4074: 4072: 4061: 4060: 4051: 4042: 4040: 4038: 4036: 4034: 4032: 4023: 4014: 4005: 3996: 3987: 3983: 3982: 3980: 3978: 3976: 3974: 3972: 3970: 3968: 3959: 3950: 3948: 3946: 3944: 3941:Parky squirrel 3937: 3936: 3927: 3918: 3916: 3914: 3912: 3910: 3908: 3906: 3904: 3895: 3886: 3877: 3870: 3869: 3860: 3851: 3842: 3833: 3831: 3829: 3827: 3818: 3809: 3800: 3791: 3782: 3775: 3774: 3765: 3756: 3747: 3738: 3729: 3727: 3725: 3716: 3707: 3698: 3689: 3680: 3673: 3672: 3663: 3654: 3645: 3643: 3641: 3639: 3637: 3628: 3619: 3610: 3601: 3592: 3581: 3580: 3571: 3562: 3553: 3544: 3542: 3540: 3538: 3529: 3520: 3511: 3502: 3493: 3486: 3485: 3483: 3481: 3479: 3477: 3475: 3473: 3464: 3455: 3446: 3444: 3442: 3440: 3433: 3432: 3423: 3421: 3419: 3417: 3415: 3413: 3411: 3409: 3407: 3398: 3389: 3380: 3369: 3368: 3359: 3350: 3341: 3332: 3323: 3314: 3305: 3296: 3287: 3278: 3269: 3260: 3253: 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2346: 2332:usual harvest 2228: 2225: 2223: 2220: 2211: 2210: 2200: 2182: 2181: 2180: 2150: 2118: 2099:Nunivak Island 2092: 2050: 2028: 1999: 1985: 1963: 1949: 1903: 1856: 1853: 1830:Yupʼik dancing 1768:qasgi ~ qasgiq 1637: 1634: 1593: 1590: 1562: 1559: 1529:Eskimo kinship 1520: 1517: 1495: 1492: 1410: 1407: 1347: 1344: 1251:of the Yupʼik 1249:historiography 1230:oral tradition 1226:Alaska Natives 1221: 1220:Historiography 1218: 1167:Russian Empire 1158: 1155: 1147:British Empire 1126:St. Petersburg 1124:was signed in 1112:and later the 1081:(Unangan) and 1026:promyshlenniki 996: 993: 934:archaeologists 925: 922: 920: 917: 916: 915: 898: 881: 870: 859: 848: 831: 821:Pamanaʼrmiuʼaq 807: 806: 799: 792: 785: 783: 781: 768: 764: 763: 756: 749: 742: 735: 728: 721: 711: 710: 703: 696: 689: 682: 675: 668: 658: 657: 650: 643: 636: 617: 610: 603: 593: 592: 585: 578: 571: 552: 545: 538: 534: 533: 530: 527: 524: 521: 518: 515: 381: 378: 332:Siberian Yupik 322:of Alaska and 289:Nunivak Cupʼig 175:Nunivak Island 165: 164: 142:Siberian Yupik 138: 137: 133: 132: 110: 109: 105: 104: 86: 85: 81: 80: 77: 67: 66: 62: 61: 57: 56: 43: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11745: 11734: 11731: 11729: 11726: 11724: 11721: 11719: 11716: 11715: 11713: 11698: 11695: 11693: 11690: 11688: 11685: 11683: 11680: 11678: 11675: 11674: 11672: 11668: 11660: 11657: 11655: 11652: 11647: 11643: 11642: 11641: 11638: 11637: 11636: 11633: 11631: 11628: 11627: 11625: 11623: 11619: 11613: 11610: 11608: 11605: 11603: 11600: 11598: 11595: 11593: 11590: 11588: 11585: 11583: 11580: 11578: 11575: 11573: 11570: 11569: 11567: 11565: 11561: 11556: 11552: 11545: 11540: 11538: 11533: 11531: 11526: 11525: 11522: 11510: 11506: 11504: 11503: 11499: 11498: 11495: 11489: 11486: 11485: 11483: 11481: 11477: 11473: 11467: 11464: 11462: 11461:United States 11459: 11458: 11456: 11452: 11446: 11443: 11442: 11440: 11438: 11434: 11420: 11417: 11415: 11412: 11410: 11407: 11406: 11405: 11402: 11401: 11400: 11397: 11396: 11394: 11392: 11388: 11380: 11377: 11375: 11372: 11371: 11370: 11367: 11366: 11364: 11362: 11361:United States 11358: 11355: 11351: 11346: 11336: 11333: 11331: 11328: 11327: 11325: 11321: 11317: 11316:Yupik peoples 11310: 11305: 11303: 11298: 11296: 11291: 11290: 11287: 11279: 11277:0-393-01962-4 11273: 11268: 11267: 11260: 11257: 11254: 11251: 11248: 11244: 11241: 11237: 11234: 11230: 11227: 11223: 11219: 11216: 11213: 11210: 11207: 11203: 11200: 11197: 11193: 11189: 11185: 11182: 11178: 11175: 11171: 11168: 11164: 11161: 11157: 11154: 11150: 11147: 11143: 11140: 11136: 11133: 11130: 11126: 11123: 11119: 11116: 11112: 11111: 11092: 11091:Seattle Times 11088: 11082: 11080: 11072: 11069: 11064: 11050: 11046: 11039: 11025:on 2016-03-04 11021: 11014: 11013:"Marie Meade" 11008: 11001: 10995: 10988: 10982: 10980: 10964:on 6 May 2009 10963: 10959: 10953: 10937: 10936: 10931: 10925: 10918: 10913: 10898: 10892: 10885: 10879: 10871: 10867: 10863: 10857: 10849: 10845: 10842:(20): 433–5. 10841: 10837: 10836: 10831: 10824: 10817: 10816: 10811: 10808: 10803: 10796: 10792: 10786: 10784: 10777:61(2):311–319 10776: 10770: 10763: 10758: 10751: 10744: 10738:38(5):476-82. 10737: 10730: 10722: 10718: 10711: 10703: 10697: 10690: 10686: 10680: 10673: 10668: 10661: 10655: 10648: 10642: 10635: 10634: 10629: 10624: 10617: 10612: 10598: 10592: 10586: 10580: 10572: 10566: 10562: 10558: 10554: 10548: 10541: 10535: 10533: 10531: 10523: 10522: 10515: 10508: 10504: 10501: 10500: 10493: 10486: 10485: 10478: 10471: 10466: 10464: 10457: 10453: 10447: 10440: 10436: 10431: 10424: 10420: 10416: 10415: 10408: 10401: 10397: 10391: 10387: 10386:"Chris Kiana" 10381: 10374: 10373:9781594331879 10370: 10366: 10362: 10358: 10352: 10345: 10344: 10337: 10335: 10333: 10325: 10321: 10317: 10316:Emily Johnson 10312: 10305: 10299: 10292: 10286: 10277: 10276: 10267: 10260: 10256: 10255: 10248: 10241: 10235: 10228: 10222: 10215: 10209: 10202: 10198: 10193: 10179:on 2017-11-06 10178: 10174: 10168: 10154:on 2011-12-30 10153: 10149: 10143: 10129:on 2011-08-13 10128: 10124: 10118: 10112: 10107: 10093:on 2012-03-20 10092: 10088: 10082: 10076: 10071: 10065: 10061: 10055: 10048: 10042: 10035: 10029: 10022: 10017: 10010: 10009: 10002: 10000: 9992: 9988: 9984: 9981: 9975: 9968: 9963: 9947: 9941: 9934: 9930: 9927: 9922: 9916: 9912: 9909: 9907: 9900: 9893: 9889: 9886: 9880: 9874: 9870: 9867: 9865: 9858: 9842: 9838: 9832: 9813: 9807: 9800: 9794: 9792: 9775: 9774:"Model Kayak" 9769: 9762: 9761: 9754: 9747: 9746: 9742: 9739: 9732: 9725: 9720: 9713: 9707: 9698: 9689: 9680: 9678: 9676: 9674: 9666: 9662: 9659: 9653: 9644: 9642: 9640: 9638: 9636: 9634: 9632: 9630: 9628: 9626: 9624: 9622: 9620: 9618: 9608: 9606: 9604: 9602: 9600: 9598: 9596: 9594: 9592: 9590: 9580: 9578: 9576: 9574: 9572: 9570: 9568: 9566: 9564: 9562: 9552: 9550: 9548: 9546: 9544: 9542: 9540: 9538: 9536: 9534: 9532: 9530: 9520: 9518: 9508: 9506: 9497: 9495:0-585-12190-7 9491: 9487: 9483: 9477: 9475: 9473: 9471: 9469: 9461: 9455: 9448: 9447: 9440: 9438: 9436: 9434: 9432: 9430: 9428: 9426: 9424: 9422: 9420: 9418: 9416: 9414: 9412: 9410: 9403: 9402:Hat (E037904) 9397: 9390: 9385: 9378: 9374: 9370: 9365: 9358: 9357: 9350: 9348: 9346: 9338: 9337: 9330: 9328: 9326: 9324: 9322: 9314: 9309: 9301: 9294: 9287: 9286: 9279: 9277: 9275: 9273: 9271: 9269: 9267: 9265: 9263: 9261: 9259: 9251: 9250: 9243: 9241: 9233: 9232: 9225: 9210: 9206: 9200: 9193: 9187: 9185: 9183: 9181: 9179: 9177: 9169: 9168: 9161: 9153: 9140: 9132: 9128: 9121: 9113: 9109: 9105: 9101: 9097: 9093: 9089: 9085: 9078: 9076: 9067: 9063: 9056: 9047: 9038: 9024:on 2016-10-28 9023: 9019: 9015: 9008: 9001: 8997: 8994: 8993: 8986: 8984: 8982: 8980: 8970: 8968: 8960: 8958: 8951: 8949: 8947: 8945: 8943: 8941: 8939: 8937: 8922:on 2012-12-10 8921: 8917: 8911: 8905: 8900: 8893: 8890: 8886: 8881: 8879: 8871: 8868: 8862: 8858: 8848: 8847: 8843: 8842: 8834:, 2006–2009). 8833: 8829: 8826: 8823: 8822:Bristol Palin 8820: 8819: 8810: 8806: 8803: 8801: 8797: 8793: 8790:(born 1973), 8789: 8786: 8783: 8780: 8777: 8774: 8771: 8767: 8764: 8761: 8758: 8755: 8752: 8749: 8746: 8745:Emily Johnson 8743: 8740: 8739:Lyman Hoffman 8737: 8734: 8731: 8728: 8725: 8722: 8719: 8716: 8712: 8709: 8706: 8703: 8702: 8691: 8688: 8685: 8682: 8678: 8677:Upper Kalskag 8675: 8674: 8670: 8667: 8664: 8662: 8659: 8658: 8654: 8651: 8648: 8645: 8641: 8638: 8637: 8633: 8630: 8627: 8624: 8620: 8617: 8616: 8612: 8609: 8606: 8603: 8599: 8596: 8595: 8591: 8588: 8585: 8582: 8578: 8575: 8574: 8570: 8567: 8564: 8561: 8557: 8554: 8553: 8549: 8546: 8543: 8540: 8536: 8533: 8532: 8528: 8525: 8522: 8520: 8517: 8516: 8512: 8509: 8506: 8503: 8499: 8496: 8495: 8491: 8488: 8485: 8482: 8478: 8475: 8474: 8470: 8467: 8464: 8461: 8457: 8454: 8453: 8449: 8446: 8443: 8440: 8436: 8433: 8432: 8428: 8425: 8422: 8419: 8415: 8412: 8411: 8407: 8404: 8401: 8398: 8395: 8391: 8388: 8387: 8383: 8380: 8377: 8374: 8370: 8367: 8366: 8362: 8359: 8356: 8353: 8349: 8346: 8345: 8341: 8338: 8335: 8333: 8332:Portage Creek 8330: 8329: 8325: 8322: 8319: 8316: 8312: 8309: 8308: 8304: 8301: 8298: 8295: 8291: 8288: 8287: 8283: 8280: 8277: 8274: 8270: 8269:Pilot Station 8267: 8266: 8262: 8259: 8256: 8254: 8251: 8250: 8246: 8243: 8240: 8237: 8233: 8230: 8229: 8225: 8222: 8219: 8216: 8212: 8209: 8208: 8204: 8201: 8198: 8195: 8191: 8188: 8187: 8183: 8180: 8177: 8174: 8170: 8167: 8166: 8162: 8159: 8156: 8153: 8149: 8146: 8145: 8141: 8138: 8135: 8132: 8128: 8125: 8124: 8120: 8117: 8114: 8111: 8107: 8104: 8103: 8099: 8096: 8093: 8090: 8086: 8083: 8082: 8078: 8075: 8072: 8069: 8065: 8062: 8061: 8057: 8054: 8051: 8048: 8044: 8041: 8040: 8036: 8033: 8030: 8027: 8023: 8020: 8019: 8015: 8012: 8009: 8006: 8002: 7999: 7998: 7994: 7991: 7988: 7986: 7983: 7982: 7978: 7975: 7972: 7969: 7965: 7962: 7961: 7957: 7954: 7951: 7948: 7944: 7941: 7940: 7936: 7933: 7930: 7927: 7923: 7920: 7919: 7915: 7912: 7909: 7906: 7902: 7899: 7898: 7894: 7891: 7888: 7886: 7883: 7882: 7878: 7875: 7872: 7869: 7865: 7864:Lower Kalskag 7862: 7861: 7857: 7854: 7851: 7848: 7844: 7841: 7840: 7836: 7833: 7830: 7827: 7823: 7820: 7819: 7815: 7813:Kwethluk Inc. 7812: 7809: 7806: 7802: 7799: 7798: 7794: 7791: 7788: 7785: 7781: 7778: 7777: 7773: 7770: 7767: 7764: 7760: 7757: 7756: 7752: 7749: 7746: 7743: 7739: 7736: 7735: 7731: 7728: 7725: 7722: 7718: 7715: 7714: 7710: 7707: 7704: 7701: 7697: 7694: 7693: 7689: 7687:Kasigluk Inc. 7686: 7683: 7680: 7676: 7673: 7672: 7668: 7665: 7662: 7659: 7655: 7652: 7651: 7647: 7644: 7641: 7638: 7634: 7631: 7630: 7626: 7623: 7620: 7617: 7616:Naparyaarmiut 7613: 7610: 7609: 7605: 7602: 7599: 7596: 7592: 7589: 7588: 7584: 7581: 7578: 7575: 7574:Nunapigglugaq 7571: 7568: 7567: 7563: 7560: 7557: 7554: 7550: 7547: 7546: 7542: 7539: 7536: 7533: 7529: 7526: 7525: 7521: 7518: 7515: 7512: 7508: 7505: 7504: 7500: 7497: 7494: 7491: 7490:Neviarcaurluq 7487: 7484: 7483: 7479: 7476: 7474:Ekwok Village 7473: 7470: 7466: 7463: 7462: 7458: 7455: 7452: 7450: 7447: 7446: 7442: 7439: 7436: 7433: 7429: 7426: 7425: 7421: 7418: 7416: 7413: 7410: 7406: 7403: 7402: 7398: 7395: 7392: 7389: 7385: 7382: 7381: 7377: 7374: 7371: 7368: 7364: 7363:Crooked Creek 7361: 7360: 7356: 7353: 7350: 7347: 7343: 7340: 7339: 7335: 7332: 7329: 7326: 7322: 7319: 7318: 7314: 7311: 7308: 7305: 7301: 7298: 7297: 7293: 7290: 7287: 7284: 7280: 7277: 7276: 7272: 7269: 7266: 7263: 7259: 7256: 7255: 7251: 7248: 7245: 7242: 7238: 7235: 7234: 7230: 7227: 7224: 7221: 7218: 7214: 7211: 7210: 7206: 7203: 7200: 7197: 7193: 7190: 7189: 7185: 7182: 7179: 7176: 7172: 7169: 7168: 7164: 7161: 7158: 7155: 7152: 7151: 7147: 7144: 7141: 7138: 7134: 7131: 7130: 7126: 7123: 7120: 7117: 7113: 7110: 7109: 7105: 7102: 7099: 7096: 7092: 7089: 7088: 7084: 7081: 7078: 7075: 7071: 7068: 7067: 7063: 7060: 7057: 7054: 7053: 7050: 7048: 7044: 7039: 7037: 7033: 7023: 7021: 7017: 7013: 7009: 7005: 7001: 6997: 6993: 6988: 6986: 6982: 6978: 6974: 6970: 6966: 6962: 6958: 6954: 6944: 6942: 6938: 6934: 6929: 6927: 6923: 6918: 6916: 6912: 6908: 6904: 6900: 6896: 6892: 6891:Alcohol abuse 6886: 6884: 6880: 6879:dry community 6876: 6869: 6859: 6856: 6855:honey buckets 6852: 6848: 6844: 6840: 6835: 6833: 6829: 6825: 6821: 6817: 6813: 6809: 6805: 6801: 6786: 6784: 6779: 6777: 6773: 6769: 6765: 6761: 6757: 6752: 6750: 6746: 6742: 6737: 6733: 6729: 6725: 6721: 6720:North America 6717: 6713: 6704: 6700: 6698: 6694: 6689: 6687: 6683: 6679: 6675: 6671: 6667: 6663: 6659: 6655: 6651: 6647: 6642: 6639: 6635: 6631: 6627: 6617: 6615: 6611: 6610:little person 6607: 6603: 6599: 6595: 6591: 6587: 6582: 6580: 6576: 6572: 6568: 6564: 6563:tunturyuaryuk 6560: 6556: 6552: 6548: 6544: 6540: 6536: 6532: 6528: 6524: 6520: 6516: 6512: 6508: 6504: 6500: 6496: 6492: 6488: 6484: 6483:cirunelvialuk 6480: 6476: 6472: 6468: 6464: 6463: 6455: 6450: 6446: 6444: 6437: 6431: 6425: 6420: 6416: 6411: 6409: 6404: 6397: 6391: 6385: 6378: 6372: 6366: 6362: 6358: 6354: 6350: 6342: 6338: 6334: 6330: 6325: 6320: 6305: 6303: 6299: 6295: 6291: 6287: 6283: 6280:The dominant 6273: 6271: 6267: 6262: 6260: 6250: 6248: 6244: 6240: 6236: 6232: 6225: 6220: 6211: 6209: 6204: 6200: 6197: 6193: 6188: 6186: 6181: 6179: 6175: 6171: 6167: 6163: 6159: 6155: 6151: 6147: 6143: 6139: 6136:, especially 6135: 6128: 6124: 6120: 6116: 6112: 6108: 6104: 6100: 6096: 6092: 6088: 6087: 6081: 6072: 6070: 6065: 6061: 6057: 6053: 6049: 6045: 6041: 6037: 6033: 6029: 6025: 6017: 6012: 6008: 6006: 6002: 5998: 5993: 5991: 5987: 5983: 5979: 5975: 5971: 5967: 5963: 5959: 5955: 5951: 5947: 5943: 5939: 5938:beluga whales 5935: 5931: 5926: 5922: 5914: 5909: 5904: 5900: 5894: 5884: 5881: 5877: 5873: 5867: 5857: 5855: 5851: 5848: 5844: 5840: 5836: 5832: 5828: 5824: 5820: 5816: 5808: 5804: 5799: 5794: 5784: 5782: 5778: 5774: 5773: 5768: 5766: 5761: 5759: 5748: 5745: 5741: 5737: 5732: 5728: 5724: 5720: 5716: 5712: 5709:(ancestors), 5708: 5704: 5700: 5696: 5692: 5687: 5683: 5679: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5656: 5646: 5644: 5640: 5636: 5631: 5628: 5624: 5620: 5616: 5612: 5608: 5603: 5595: 5591: 5586: 5577: 5575: 5571: 5567: 5563: 5559: 5555: 5551: 5547: 5544: 5541:and domestic 5540: 5537: 5533: 5529: 5525: 5521: 5517: 5513: 5509: 5505: 5501: 5497: 5493: 5489: 5485: 5481: 5477: 5473: 5468: 5462: 5454: 5450: 5445: 5436: 5434: 5430: 5426: 5422: 5412: 5410: 5406: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5389: 5385: 5381: 5377: 5373: 5369: 5361: 5357: 5350: 5344: 5340: 5336: 5333: 5328: 5321: 5315: 5311: 5307: 5306: 5305: 5303: 5299: 5295: 5291: 5287: 5283: 5279: 5267: 5263: 5260: 5257: 5253: 5250: 5247: 5243: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5220: 5217: 5214: 5210: 5207: 5206: 5205: 5203: 5199: 5195: 5193: 5189: 5185: 5176: 5171: 5167: 5165: 5161: 5157: 5153: 5144: 5140: 5135: 5131: 5117: 5114: 5111: 5107: 5103: 5100: 5097: 5093: 5089: 5086: 5083: 5079: 5075: 5072: 5069: 5065: 5061: 5058: 5055: 5051: 5037: 5026: 5023: 5020: 5016: 5012: 5009: 5006: 5002: 4998: 4995: 4992: 4988: 4984: 4981: 4978: 4974: 4960: 4954: 4952: 4948: 4947:Chevak Cupʼik 4943: 4935: 4931: 4927: 4923: 4919: 4917: 4912: 4908: 4904: 4900: 4896: 4892: 4888: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4872: 4868: 4862: 4847: 4845: 4841: 4837: 4833: 4829: 4824: 4816: 4814: 4810: 4807:pulled their 4806: 4802: 4798: 4794: 4790: 4786: 4782: 4777: 4773: 4766: 4760: 4754: 4750: 4749: 4743: 4741: 4734: 4728: 4722: 4718: 4717: 4711: 4708: 4701: 4695: 4688: 4682: 4676: 4671: 4668: 4664: 4660: 4656: 4652: 4645: 4639: 4633: 4626: 4620: 4614: 4610: 4609: 4601: 4597: 4593: 4588: 4581: 4576: 4572: 4570: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4538: 4529: 4520: 4518: 4514: 4510: 4509:Pilot Station 4506: 4502: 4498: 4494: 4490: 4486: 4482: 4478: 4474: 4470: 4456: 4451: 4447: 4442: 4438: 4433: 4429: 4427: 4425: 4423: 4421: 4419: 4417: 4415: 4413: 4410: 4409: 4406: 4404: 4399: 4395: 4390: 4386: 4381: 4377: 4372: 4368: 4366: 4364: 4362: 4360: 4358: 4356: 4353: 4350: 4349: 4346: 4344: 4342: 4337: 4333: 4328: 4324: 4319: 4315: 4310: 4306: 4301: 4297: 4292: 4288: 4286: 4284: 4282: 4279: 4275: 4272: 4271: 4268: 4266: 4264: 4262: 4260: 4255: 4251: 4246: 4242: 4237: 4233: 4231: 4229: 4227: 4225: 4222: 4221: 4215: 4211: 4206: 4202: 4200: 4198: 4196: 4194: 4192: 4187: 4183: 4178: 4174: 4169: 4165: 4160: 4156: 4151: 4147: 4144: 4141: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4130: 4126: 4121: 4117: 4112: 4108: 4106: 4101: 4097: 4092: 4088: 4083: 4079: 4077: 4075: 4073: 4070: 4066: 4063: 4062: 4056: 4052: 4047: 4043: 4041: 4039: 4037: 4035: 4033: 4028: 4024: 4019: 4015: 4010: 4006: 4001: 3997: 3992: 3988: 3985: 3984: 3981: 3979: 3977: 3975: 3973: 3971: 3969: 3964: 3960: 3955: 3951: 3949: 3947: 3945: 3942: 3939: 3938: 3932: 3928: 3923: 3919: 3917: 3915: 3913: 3911: 3909: 3907: 3905: 3900: 3896: 3891: 3887: 3882: 3878: 3875: 3872: 3871: 3865: 3861: 3856: 3852: 3847: 3843: 3838: 3834: 3832: 3830: 3828: 3823: 3819: 3814: 3810: 3805: 3801: 3796: 3792: 3787: 3783: 3780: 3777: 3776: 3770: 3766: 3761: 3757: 3752: 3748: 3743: 3739: 3734: 3730: 3728: 3726: 3721: 3717: 3712: 3708: 3703: 3699: 3694: 3690: 3685: 3681: 3678: 3675: 3674: 3668: 3664: 3659: 3655: 3650: 3646: 3644: 3642: 3640: 3638: 3633: 3629: 3624: 3620: 3615: 3611: 3606: 3602: 3597: 3593: 3590: 3586: 3583: 3582: 3576: 3572: 3567: 3563: 3558: 3554: 3549: 3545: 3543: 3541: 3539: 3534: 3530: 3525: 3521: 3516: 3512: 3507: 3503: 3498: 3494: 3491: 3488: 3487: 3484: 3482: 3480: 3478: 3476: 3474: 3469: 3465: 3460: 3456: 3451: 3447: 3445: 3443: 3441: 3438: 3435: 3434: 3428: 3424: 3422: 3420: 3418: 3416: 3414: 3412: 3410: 3408: 3403: 3399: 3394: 3390: 3385: 3381: 3378: 3374: 3371: 3370: 3364: 3360: 3355: 3351: 3346: 3342: 3337: 3333: 3328: 3324: 3319: 3315: 3310: 3306: 3301: 3297: 3292: 3288: 3283: 3279: 3274: 3270: 3265: 3261: 3258: 3255: 3254: 3251: 3249: 3244: 3240: 3235: 3231: 3229: 3227: 3225: 3220: 3216: 3211: 3207: 3202: 3198: 3193: 3189: 3184: 3180: 3177: 3174: 3173: 3167: 3163: 3158: 3154: 3149: 3145: 3140: 3136: 3131: 3127: 3125: 3123: 3121: 3119: 3114: 3110: 3105: 3101: 3096: 3092: 3089: 3086: 3085: 3079: 3075: 3070: 3066: 3061: 3057: 3052: 3048: 3043: 3039: 3037: 3035: 3033: 3031: 3026: 3022: 3017: 3013: 3008: 3004: 3001: 2998: 2997: 2991: 2987: 2982: 2978: 2973: 2969: 2964: 2960: 2955: 2951: 2949: 2947: 2942: 2938: 2933: 2929: 2924: 2920: 2915: 2911: 2906: 2902: 2899: 2896: 2895: 2889: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2873: 2868: 2864: 2859: 2855: 2850: 2846: 2841: 2837: 2832: 2828: 2825: 2822: 2821: 2815: 2811: 2806: 2802: 2800: 2798: 2796: 2794: 2792: 2790: 2785: 2781: 2776: 2772: 2767: 2763: 2758: 2754: 2751: 2748: 2747: 2744: 2739: 2735: 2730: 2726: 2721: 2717: 2715: 2713: 2708: 2704: 2699: 2695: 2693: 2691: 2689: 2687: 2684: 2681: 2680: 2674: 2670: 2665: 2661: 2656: 2652: 2647: 2643: 2638: 2634: 2629: 2625: 2620: 2616: 2611: 2607: 2602: 2598: 2593: 2589: 2584: 2580: 2575: 2571: 2568: 2565: 2564: 2561: 2559: 2557: 2552: 2548: 2543: 2539: 2534: 2530: 2528: 2526: 2524: 2522: 2520: 2518: 2515: 2514:Silver salmon 2512: 2511: 2508: 2506: 2501: 2497: 2492: 2488: 2483: 2479: 2474: 2470: 2465: 2461: 2459: 2457: 2455: 2453: 2451: 2448: 2445: 2444: 2441: 2439: 2437: 2435: 2430: 2426: 2421: 2417: 2412: 2408: 2403: 2399: 2397: 2395: 2393: 2391: 2388: 2385: 2384: 2380: 2377: 2374: 2371: 2368: 2365: 2362: 2359: 2356: 2353: 2350: 2347: 2344: 2343: 2336: 2328: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2301: 2299: 2294: 2292: 2288: 2283: 2281: 2276: 2273: 2268: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2242: 2238: 2233: 2219: 2216: 2208: 2204: 2201: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2183: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2151: 2148: 2144: 2143:Kuskowkim Bay 2140: 2136: 2133: 2132: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2121:Kusquqvagmiut 2119: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2093: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2057:Kuskokwim Bay 2054: 2051: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2029: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2010:Nelson Island 2007: 2003: 2000: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1986: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1964: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1950: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1904: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1878: 1877: 1876: 1874: 1870: 1867: 1861: 1852: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1833: 1831: 1826: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1811: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1794: 1788: 1781: 1775: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1756: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1734: 1730: 1728: 1723: 1716: 1710: 1703: 1697: 1691: 1687: 1682: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1651: 1647: 1642: 1633: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1618: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1589: 1587: 1583: 1582: 1577: 1573: 1568: 1558: 1555: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1500: 1491: 1488: 1483: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1451: 1445: 1439: 1432: 1426: 1420: 1416: 1406: 1404: 1400: 1395: 1393: 1389: 1388:understanding 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1366: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1343: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1316: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1280: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1260: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1245: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1217: 1215: 1210: 1206: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1186: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1154: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1139: 1135: 1134:trading posts 1129: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1106: 1104: 1103:Kuskokwim Bay 1100: 1099:Cape Newenham 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1075: 1072: 1070: 1066: 1065:Kodiak Island 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1041:Kodiak Island 1038: 1034: 1030: 1028: 1027: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1009:trading posts 1006: 1002: 992: 988: 986: 980: 978: 977:Tulukarugmiut 974: 970: 966: 962: 957: 955: 951: 950:North America 947: 943: 939: 935: 931: 913: 907: 902: 899: 896: 895:Naghelghazhna 890: 885: 882: 879: 874: 871: 868: 863: 860: 857: 856:Namagh hitʼan 852: 849: 846: 845:Novogh xitʼan 840: 835: 832: 828: 822: 817: 814: 813: 812: 804: 800: 797: 793: 790: 786: 784: 782: 779: 773: 769: 766: 765: 761: 757: 754: 750: 747: 743: 740: 736: 733: 729: 726: 722: 718: 713: 712: 708: 704: 701: 697: 694: 690: 687: 683: 680: 676: 673: 669: 665: 660: 659: 655: 651: 648: 644: 641: 637: 634: 628: 622: 618: 615: 611: 608: 604: 600: 595: 594: 590: 586: 583: 579: 576: 572: 569: 563: 557: 553: 550: 546: 543: 539: 536: 535: 531: 528: 525: 522: 519: 516: 513: 512: 506: 503: 497: 491: 488: 483: 479: 474: 468: 462: 458: 453: 447: 441: 435: 429: 423: 420: 414: 408: 403: 398: 393: 388: 377: 375: 371: 367: 363: 359: 355: 350: 348: 344: 339: 337: 333: 329: 325: 321: 320:Yupik peoples 317: 312: 309: 308:United States 305: 301: 297: 296:Alaska Native 292: 290: 286: 282: 278: 277:Chevak Cupʼik 274: 270: 266: 262: 258: 254: 250: 246: 242: 238: 234: 230: 226: 219: 213: 207: 204: 200: 196: 192: 188: 184: 176: 171: 163: 159: 155: 151: 147: 143: 139: 134: 131: 127: 123: 119: 115: 111: 106: 103: 99: 95: 91: 87: 82: 78: 75: 70:United States 68: 63: 58: 53: 40: 33: 19: 11500: 11437:Organisation 11378: 11265: 11246: 11239: 11232: 11225: 11221: 11205: 11187: 11180: 11173: 11166: 11159: 11152: 11145: 11138: 11128: 11121: 11114: 11108:Bibliography 11095:. Retrieved 11070: 11063: 11052:. Retrieved 11048: 11038: 11027:. Retrieved 11020:the original 11007: 10994: 10986: 10966:. Retrieved 10962:the original 10952: 10940:. Retrieved 10935:Deseret News 10933: 10924: 10912: 10900:. Retrieved 10891: 10878: 10870:the original 10865: 10856: 10839: 10833: 10823: 10813: 10802: 10794: 10774: 10769: 10757: 10749: 10743: 10735: 10729: 10720: 10716: 10710: 10696: 10691:65(1):77–83. 10688: 10679: 10667: 10659: 10654: 10646: 10641: 10631: 10628:Marcus Baker 10623: 10611: 10600:. Retrieved 10591: 10579: 10552: 10547: 10539: 10520: 10514: 10498: 10492: 10483: 10477: 10451: 10446: 10438: 10430: 10412: 10407: 10399: 10390:the original 10380: 10356: 10351: 10341: 10323: 10311: 10298: 10290: 10285: 10274: 10266: 10258: 10252: 10247: 10239: 10234: 10226: 10221: 10213: 10208: 10200: 10192: 10181:. Retrieved 10177:the original 10167: 10156:. Retrieved 10152:the original 10142: 10131:. Retrieved 10127:the original 10117: 10106: 10095:. Retrieved 10091:the original 10081: 10070: 10063: 10054: 10041: 10033: 10028: 10016: 10007: 9993:48(3): 1–18. 9990: 9974: 9962: 9950:. Retrieved 9940: 9921: 9905: 9899: 9879: 9863: 9857: 9845:. Retrieved 9841:the original 9831: 9819:. Retrieved 9806: 9798: 9778:. Retrieved 9768: 9758: 9753: 9736: 9731: 9719: 9706: 9697: 9688: 9652: 9485: 9459: 9454: 9444: 9396: 9384: 9376: 9364: 9355: 9334: 9308: 9299: 9293: 9284: 9248: 9229: 9224: 9212:. Retrieved 9208: 9199: 9166: 9160: 9139:cite journal 9120: 9095: 9091: 9087: 9083: 9066:ResearchGate 9065: 9055: 9046: 9037: 9026:. Retrieved 9022:the original 9017: 9007: 8991: 8956: 8924:. Retrieved 8920:the original 8910: 8899: 8861: 8844: 8788:Mary Peltola 8776:Walt Monegan 8763:Olga Michael 8680: 8643: 8622: 8601: 8580: 8559: 8538: 8501: 8480: 8477:South Naknek 8459: 8439:Marayaarmiut 8438: 8417: 8402:(St. Mary's) 8393: 8372: 8351: 8314: 8293: 8290:Pitkas Point 8272: 8235: 8214: 8193: 8172: 8151: 8130: 8109: 8106:New Stuyahok 8088: 8067: 8046: 8025: 8004: 7968:Asaacaryaraq 7967: 7946: 7926:Masserculleq 7925: 7904: 7892:MTNT Limited 7867: 7846: 7825: 7822:Kwigillingok 7804: 7783: 7762: 7741: 7720: 7699: 7678: 7657: 7636: 7615: 7594: 7573: 7552: 7549:Goodnews Bay 7531: 7510: 7489: 7468: 7431: 7408: 7387: 7366: 7354:Saguyak Inc. 7345: 7342:Clarks Point 7324: 7321:Chuloonawick 7303: 7282: 7261: 7240: 7225:(aka Bethel) 7216: 7195: 7174: 7136: 7115: 7094: 7073: 7040: 7029: 6992:Four Corners 6989: 6967:(influenza) 6960: 6957:Big Sickness 6956: 6952: 6950: 6930: 6919: 6887: 6871: 6850: 6846: 6843:Chamber pots 6836: 6797: 6780: 6771: 6753: 6735: 6731: 6727: 6709: 6690: 6681: 6643: 6623: 6620:Christianity 6613: 6605: 6601: 6593: 6589: 6585: 6583: 6578: 6574: 6570: 6566: 6562: 6558: 6554: 6546: 6542: 6538: 6534: 6530: 6526: 6522: 6518: 6514: 6510: 6506: 6502: 6498: 6494: 6490: 6486: 6482: 6474: 6470: 6460: 6458: 6453: 6442: 6435: 6429: 6423: 6412: 6407: 6402: 6395: 6389: 6383: 6376: 6370: 6364: 6346: 6340: 6336: 6332: 6279: 6269: 6263: 6256: 6238: 6234: 6229: 6191: 6189: 6182: 6177: 6173: 6161: 6157: 6153: 6149: 6134:Fish as food 6132: 6126: 6118: 6110: 6102: 6094: 6086:Oncorhynchus 6084: 6064:food storage 6055: 6051: 6047: 6043: 6039: 6035: 6031: 6027: 6023: 6021: 6015: 5994: 5918: 5915:, circa 1910 5879: 5875: 5871: 5869: 5815:Eskimo yo-yo 5812: 5806: 5776: 5770: 5769: 5762: 5757: 5754: 5739: 5735: 5730: 5726: 5722: 5719:yuaruciyaraq 5718: 5714: 5710: 5706: 5702: 5690: 5681: 5676: 5670: 5632: 5618: 5614: 5610: 5607:Yupʼik masks 5605: 5602:Yupʼik masks 5589: 5573: 5565: 5561: 5545: 5538: 5518:'s foot and 5512:walrus ivory 5494:, sometimes 5492:fur clothing 5478:(especially 5474:from animal 5464: 5452: 5433:Yupʼik dolls 5418: 5408: 5404: 5400: 5396: 5392: 5387: 5383: 5379: 5375: 5365: 5359: 5355: 5348: 5342: 5331: 5326: 5319: 5313: 5308:Traditional 5301: 5297: 5285: 5281: 5275: 5265: 5255: 5232: 5222: 5212: 5198:Bilingualism 5196: 5180: 5148: 5142: 5128: 4971:Nonspeakers 4939: 4873:and a final 4864: 4825: 4822: 4775: 4771: 4764: 4758: 4752: 4746: 4744: 4739: 4732: 4726: 4720: 4714: 4712: 4706: 4699: 4693: 4686: 4680: 4674: 4672: 4659:seal hunting 4650: 4643: 4637: 4631: 4624: 4618: 4612: 4606: 4604: 4595: 4552: 4548: 4534: 4466: 2567:Dolly Varden 2318:Goodnews Bay 2295: 2290: 2286: 2284: 2272:semi-nomadic 2269: 2246: 2240: 2212: 2206: 2202: 2192: 2189:Togiak River 2185:Tuyuryarmiut 2184: 2177:Crow Village 2168: 2152: 2146: 2134: 2128: 2120: 2114: 2110: 2102: 2095:Nunivaarmiut 2094: 2088: 2084: 2073:Kwigillingok 2052: 2046: 2030: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2005: 2002:Qaluyaarmiut 2001: 1987: 1981: 1977: 1969: 1965: 1955: 1951: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1914:Norton Sound 1909: 1906:Pastulirmiut 1905: 1883: 1879: 1872: 1865: 1862: 1858: 1849:beaver lodge 1844: 1840: 1834: 1827: 1812: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1792: 1786: 1779: 1773: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1753: 1751: 1737: 1721: 1714: 1708: 1701: 1695: 1689: 1685: 1683: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1661: 1655: 1649: 1625: 1621: 1619: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1595: 1579: 1575: 1564: 1522: 1507: 1486: 1484: 1478: 1474: 1473: 1468: 1465:storytelling 1456: 1449: 1443: 1437: 1430: 1424: 1418: 1412: 1396: 1375: 1371: 1364: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1349: 1339: 1331: 1317: 1308: 1304: 1292: 1288: 1281: 1269:ethnographic 1261: 1253:ethnohistory 1246: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1223: 1211: 1207: 1187: 1160: 1130: 1107: 1076: 1073: 1035: 1031: 1024: 998: 989: 981: 976: 973:Crow Village 958: 927: 810: 492: 481: 477: 424: 383: 351: 340: 315: 313: 304:Eskimo–Aleut 293: 284: 272: 265:Naknek River 257:Nushagak Bay 233:Norton Sound 217: 211: 205: 198: 194: 190: 186: 182: 180: 114:Christianity 44:Ethnic group 11564:Athabaskans 11256:Reed, Irene 10797:13(1):1–31. 9952:17 November 9847:26 November 9821:26 November 9780:26 November 9379:Vol. 35, #2 9214:December 4, 8959:2nd edition 8809:Helper Neck 8757:Marie Meade 8729:(1893–1974) 8711:Ramy Brooks 8602:Tuntutuliaq 8598:Tuntutuliak 8581:Tuulkessaaq 8556:Toksook Bay 8519:Stony River 8460:Cellitemiut 8435:Scammon Bay 8414:St. Michael 8236:Kuiggayagaq 8190:Nunapitchuk 8139:Newtok Inc. 8047:Naparyarraq 7595:Ingirraller 7419:Iqfijouq Co 7300:Chuathbaluk 7217:Mamterilleq 6971:(worldwide 6953:Great Death 6947:Great Death 6875:prohibition 6820:weight gain 6732:Mamterilleq 6728:Mamterilleq 6670:Atka Island 6590:ciuliaqatuk 6551:thunderbird 6547:tengmiarpak 6531:qupurruyuli 6495:irci, irciq 6491:inglupgayuk 6454:Miluquyulit 6062:-like safe 5878:in Cupʼik, 5874:in Yupʼik, 5866:Yupʼik doll 5852:strings in 5723:yurarcuutet 5713:(shamans), 5661:Inuit music 5617:in Yupʼik, 5425:Yupʼik mask 5409:cirunqaaraq 5399:in Cupʼik, 5395:in Yupʼik, 5337:Historical 4965:Population 4936:'s cabinet. 4930:Toksook Bay 4700:ayaperyarat 4694:ayaperyaraq 4543:(land) and 3779:River otter 3377:Ringed seal 3257:Harbor seal 2387:King salmon 2267:of Alaska: 2249:Dfc climate 2241:Mamterilleq 2115:Nuniwarmiut 2053:Caninermiut 2035:Nunapitchuk 1988:Askinarmiut 1974:Scammon Bay 1966:Marayarmiut 1960:Yukon River 1952:Kuigpagmiut 1922:Yukon River 1900:St. Michael 1802:in Cupʼig; 1798:in Cupʼik, 1785:in Yupʼik, 1727:skin sewing 1720:in Cupʼik, 1707:in Yupʼik, 1567:settlements 1523:The Yupʼik 1455:in Cupʼik, 1436:in Yupʼik, 1374:in Cupʼik, 1370:in Yupʼik, 1355:Way of life 1197:(1885) and 1095:Bristol Bay 942:blood types 839:Dodz xitʼan 827:Pamanirmiuq 253:Bristol Bay 197:(pl), also 11712:Categories 11597:Holikachuk 11577:Deg Hitʼan 11507:See also: 11480:settlement 11137:. (1983). 11097:2023-08-23 11054:2023-04-13 11029:2023-08-27 10723:(5): 1–46. 10602:2023-08-27 10183:2014-11-26 10158:2014-11-26 10133:2014-11-26 10097:2014-11-26 9885:Sled model 9864:ayaperviik 9028:2014-12-01 8926:2014-11-29 8854:References 8828:Todd Palin 8792:Democratic 8640:Twin Hills 8560:Nunakauyaq 8323:Arvig Inc. 8232:Oscarville 8215:Urr'agmiut 8194:Nunapicuar 8173:Nunam Iqua 8169:Nunam Iqua 8089:Nuuriileng 7905:Manuquutaq 7826:Kuigilnguq 7784:Qerrulliik 7759:Kongiganak 7612:Hooper Bay 7591:Holy Cross 7384:Dillingham 7304:Curarpalek 7262:Cevv'arneq 7196:Atmaulluaq 7192:Atmautluak 7154:Andreafsky 7004:diphtheria 6866:See also: 6806:(EPA) and 6716:Protestant 6614:tukriayuli 6600:, dwarf); 6575:uligiayuli 6571:ulurrugnaq 6559:tumarayuli 6539:quugaarpak 6523:qamurralek 6519:paalraayak 6511:miluquyuli 6282:ceremonies 6276:Ceremonies 6239:mangengtak 6203:fish heads 6060:bear cache 6028:qulvarviit 6007:(muktuk). 5997:delicacies 5899:Inuit diet 5897:See also: 5880:cuucunguar 5829:, such as 5825:-speaking 5807:qawaliqtar 5703:yuraryaraq 5659:See also: 5611:kegginaquq 5339:Narratives 5272:Literature 4803:and other 4789:Holikachuk 4785:Deg Hitʼan 4687:ayaperviit 4681:ayaperviik 4596:ayaperviik 4565:snowmobile 4557:Pedestrian 4513:St. Mary's 4489:Point Hope 4481:Shishmaref 3176:Brown bear 2447:Red salmon 2310:Twin Hills 2265:ecoregions 2153:Kiatagmiut 2135:Unegkumiut 2069:Kongiganak 2043:Atmautluak 1992:Hooper Bay 1896:Unalakleet 1880:Unalirmiut 1666:sod houses 1599:leadership 1592:Leadership 1586:warehouses 1572:sod houses 1504:Hooper Bay 1403:Mosaic law 1328:Hooper Bay 1257:Eskimology 1091:James Cook 1087:Bering Sea 1023:, such as 366:Deg Hitʼan 362:Holikachuk 269:Egegik Bay 237:Bering Sea 11697:Tsimshian 10987:USA Today 10423:103303229 9112:1937-5239 8661:Umkumiute 8644:Ingricuar 8456:Sleetmute 8390:St. Marys 8352:Kuinerraq 8348:Quinhagak 8273:Tuutalgaq 8223:Ohog Inc. 8211:Ohagamiut 8160:NGTA Inc. 8152:Negtemiut 8148:Nightmute 8110:Cetuyaraq 8068:Napaskiaq 8064:Napaskiak 8022:Napaimute 7901:Manokotak 7834:Kwik Inc. 7763:Kangirnaq 7738:Koliganek 7721:Qarr'unaq 7679:Kassigluq 7367:Qipcarpak 7325:culunivik 7258:Chefornak 7137:Alaqnaqiq 7133:Aleknagik 7055:Community 7049:(ANCSA). 6783:Christmas 6648:were the 6626:Christian 6606:ircenrraq 6594:egacuayak 6586:cingssiik 6567:u͡gayaran 6543:tengempak 6515:muruayuli 6499:itqiirpak 6487:cissirpak 6396:angalkuut 6390:angalkuuk 6355:based on 6353:shamanism 6313:Shamanism 6266:mousefood 6243:epidermis 6199:fish head 6196:fermented 6127:amaqaayak 6111:taryaqvak 6103:kangitneq 6048:mayurrvik 6032:qulrarvik 6024:qulvarvik 5970:shellfish 5934:walrusses 5819:skill toy 5803:jump-rope 5765:qelutviaq 5711:angalkuut 5453:uivqurraq 5449:wood knot 5401:igaruarun 5388:yaaruilta 5384:qulirarta 5294:fairytale 5125:Education 4968:Speakers 4879:enclitics 4871:postbases 4838:near the 4813:toboggans 4748:dog sleds 4707:ayaperwig 4675:ayapervik 4663:driftwood 4561:snowshoes 4541:dog sleds 4280:gathering 4143:Ptarmigan 3490:Porcupine 2683:Whitefish 2306:Manokotak 2253:subarctic 2203:Aglurmiut 2129:Kusquqvak 2081:Quinhagak 2061:Chefornak 2018:Qaluuyaaq 1982:Mararmiut 1934:pisalriit 1738:qasgiruaq 1636:Residence 1622:nukalpiaq 1615:Itruka'ar 1607:nukalpiaq 1603:Nukalpiaq 1561:Community 1508:uivqurraq 1431:tegganret 1425:tegganrek 1234:qulirarta 1165:from the 965:Kuskokwim 867:Uqayuiḷat 714:Nunivak ( 526:Singular 517:Singular 425:The form 84:Languages 11659:Siberian 11587:Gwichʼin 11582:Denaʼina 11502:Category 11476:European 11409:Chaplino 11404:Yupighyt 11399:Chukotka 10902:29 March 10848:12056499 10630:(1906), 10563:. 1984. 10503:Archived 10318:(1998), 9983:Archived 9929:Archived 9911:Archived 9888:Archived 9869:Archived 9741:Archived 9661:Archived 9484:(1994). 8996:Archived 8839:See also 8577:Tuluksak 8539:Tuyuryaq 8498:Stebbins 8481:Qinuyang 8394:Negeqliq 8373:Iqugmiut 8311:Platinum 8085:Newhalen 8043:Napakiak 8026:Napamiut 7947:Mikuryar 7943:Mekoryuk 7922:Marshall 7843:Levelock 7805:Kuiggluk 7801:Kwethluk 7742:Qalirneq 7717:Kokhanok 7675:Kasigluk 7658:Illiamna 7570:Hamilton 7553:Mamterat 7432:Igyagiiq 7409:Ekvicuaq 7112:Alakanuk 7074:Akiacuaq 7070:Akiachak 7020:immunity 7016:diseases 6973:epidemic 6969:pandemic 6961:quserpak 6883:boroughs 6816:diabetes 6772:Akuluraq 6682:Iqugmiut 6674:Innocent 6638:Moravian 6634:Catholic 6535:quq'uyaq 6503:kun'uniq 6475:arularaq 6436:nepcetat 6430:nepcetak 6424:nepcetaq 6408:angarvak 6384:angalkuk 6377:angalkut 6371:angalkuk 6365:angalkuq 6337:caarrluk 6333:angalkuq 6308:Religion 6298:Petugtaq 6286:Nakaciuq 6208:botulism 6178:niqipiaq 6119:qakiiyaq 6044:mayurpik 5954:flounder 5758:Yurarpak 5740:Yurapiaq 5727:yurarvik 5717:(drum), 5691:tegumiak 5615:nepcetaq 5574:atkupiaq 5550:sealskin 5543:reindeer 5472:footwear 5467:clothing 5439:Clothing 5397:qucgutaq 5380:qanemcit 5349:qanemcit 5343:qanemciq 5302:qanemciq 5286:Qanemcit 5188:Facebook 5184:Internet 5173:Chevak, 5143:Tevyaraq 5081:Inupiaq 5018:Nunivak 4903:articles 4887:singular 4855:Language 4793:Gwichʼin 4569:ice road 4485:Kotzebue 3943:trapping 3876:trapping 3781:trapping 3679:trapping 3437:Sea lion 2900:catching 2826:catching 2752:catching 2685:catching 2569:catching 2516:catching 2449:catching 2389:catching 2345:Resource 2322:Platinum 2261:wetlands 2193:Tuyuryaq 2157:Nushagak 2103:Nunivaaq 2039:Kasigluk 2031:Akulmiut 2026:Tununak. 2006:Qaluyaaq 1970:Marayaaq 1938:pisalria 1928:meaning 1910:Pastuliq 1869:postbase 1823:firebath 1646:Stebbins 1549:Iroquois 1539:type of 1475:Tegganeq 1469:naucaqun 1457:taqnelug 1419:tegganeq 1399:clothing 1376:cuuyarar 1372:cuuyaraq 1365:yuuyarat 1359:yuuyaraq 1351:Yuuyaraq 1346:Yuuyaraq 1311:(1988). 1242:qanemcit 1021:Russians 948:reached 912:Dodinayu 803:Tarupiat 796:Tarupiak 789:Tarupiaq 661:Chevak ( 514:Dialect 457:postbase 419:Tarupiaq 374:Denaʼina 287:for the 203:own name 122:Catholic 108:Religion 11692:Tlingit 11646:Chugach 11630:Iñupiat 11602:Koyukon 11488:Siberia 11419:Serinik 11374:Alutiiq 11323:Culture 10481:p. 69, 8623:Tununeq 8619:Tununak 8253:Paimiut 8131:Niugtaq 7985:Nagamut 7885:McGrath 7847:Liivlek 7654:Iliamna 7637:Igyaraq 7633:Igiugig 7528:Golovin 7511:Imangaq 7507:Emmonak 7388:Curyung 7346:Saguyaq 7175:Anyaraq 7116:Alarneq 7006:during 6955:or the 6909:of the 6895:suicide 6802:called 6781:During 6762:of the 6666:Tobolsk 6579:yuilriq 6555:tiissiq 6527:qununiq 6479:Bigfoot 6467:octopus 6443:tuunraq 6403:angalku 6357:animism 6349:Eskimos 6327:Yupʼik 6247:blubber 6235:mangtak 6214:Mammals 6166:Iñupiaq 6058:) is a 6056:elliwig 6052:ellivik 6040:enekvak 6036:neqivik 6005:mangtak 5990:caribou 5978:seaweed 5950:halibut 5946:herring 5921:cuisine 5919:Yupʼik 5887:Cuisine 5847:caribou 5831:Inupiat 5736:Yurapik 5707:ciuliat 5686:dancing 5590:tuunraq 5536:caribou 5532:caribou 5520:threads 5504:needles 5498:, also 5423:is the 5376:qulirat 5372:dancing 5327:qulirer 5320:qulirat 5314:quliraq 5310:Legends 5298:quliraq 5282:Qulirat 5276:Yupʼik 5192:YouTube 4979:13,702 4949:), and 4819:Culture 4781:Koyukon 4765:ikamrat 4759:ikamrak 4753:ikamraq 4515:of the 4501:Emmonak 4477:Iñupiaq 4467:In the 4354:picking 4278:Mussels 4145:hunting 4071:hunting 3874:Red fox 3591:hunting 3492:hunting 3439:hunting 3379:hunting 3373:Bearded 3259:hunting 3178:hunting 3090:hunting 3088:Caribou 3002:hunting 2222:Economy 2215:Iñupiaq 2165:Kvichak 2147:unegkut 2111:Nuniwar 2085:canineq 1956:Kuigpak 1936:(sing. 1892:Golovin 1804:qasgimi 1736:Wooden 1652:), 1900 1630:Iñupiaq 1626:umialik 1525:kinship 1519:Kinship 1514:(1930). 1494:Society 1438:teggneq 1238:qulirat 1083:Alutiiq 1045:Alutiiq 1011:of the 1005:Siberia 969:Paimiut 938:Siberia 924:Origins 919:History 862:Iñupiaq 767:Egegik 532:Plural 523:Plural 370:Koyukon 354:Iñupiaq 324:Siberia 275:by the 239:on the 225:Russian 154:Iñupiat 102:English 11622:Eskimo 11607:Tanana 11466:Russia 11445:Global 11414:Naukan 11391:Russia 11379:Yup'ik 11369:Alaska 11274: 10942:7 July 10846: 10689:Arctic 10567: 10496:p. 5, 10421: 10371: 10363: 9946:"YPCC" 9492: 9110: 8805:Uyaquq 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