765:東アジアの盂蘭盆と東南アジアのワン・オ一クパンサーなどは、いずれも、釈尊の時代に規定された様に七月十五日の自恣の日を祝っているのだが（日本ではこのことはすでに意識されていない）、東南アジアでは古代インドの暦に基づいて行われるのに対し、東アジアでは、中国の太陰暦に従っているので、ニケ月の差があり、これらが同一の行事ということに気付く人は少ない。English Translation: Both the East Asian Urabon and Southeast Asian Wan Ok Phansa are celebrated on the 15th day of the seventh month, the day of Pravāraṇā just as it was promulgated in Lord Buddha's time (in Japan, this matter is not known to people). In Southeast Asian countries, they use the ancient Indian calendar as opposed to East Asian countries where they use the
821:對佛教徒來說，自古印度年曆（元旦相當於公曆三月中至四月中）四月十五日（公曆六至七月）或五月十五日（公曆七至八月）開始的三個月是雨安居。直至今天，西藏、尼泊爾、東南亞地區的僧人依然在此期間行雨安居。這一習俗也傳到沒有雨季的中國大陸中原地域，年曆和數字被原封不動地保留下來，但由印度年曆變為中國太陰曆。在中國、日本、朝鮮半島等東亞地區，雨安居從陰曆四月（公曆五月）開始，持續三個月。English Translation: From the Buddhist viewpoint, based on the Ancient Indian calendar (New Years is in the middle of March to the middle of April ) the 15th day of the fourth month (June to July ) or the 15th day of the fifth month (July to August ) is the start of three month period called
673:報恩奉盆經 (T. 16, no. 686, 780a20), indicates clearly that this sutra is not apocryphal but a genuine translation, because only somebody who knew the original Indian form was able to transliterate it thus correctly into Chinese. In conclusion, I assume that this sutra is not apocryphal, but a translation from an Indian text translated by Dharmarakṣa or somebody else in pre-Kumārajīva times . Also c.f. p 301 for derivation of Yulan from Middle Indic (Gandhari) *olana.
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825:. From ancient times to even today, the monastic community of Tibet, Nepal and Southeast Asia still follow this schedule to observe vassa. This custom was also transmitted to China which does not have a rainy season, the calendar and dates preserved unchanged from the original but instead of using the ancient Indian calendar, the lunar
437:, which is also very similar to the Yulanpen Sutra: Maudgalyayana communicates on the behalf of five hundred pretas with their relatives who make offerings on the pretas' behalf to the monastic community. Once the transference of merit is completed, the former pretas are reborn and released from their suffering.
668:
p.302 -Although this sutra has often been regarded as apocryphal , the contents and ideas in it are well rooted in India as we have seen above. In addition to that, the vocabulary and usage of
Chinese words are more archaic, compared with Kumārajīva's corpus (401-413 CE), while they resemble greatly
457:
or hungry ghost realm. She was in a wasted condition and
Maudgalyayana tried to help her by giving her a bowl of rice. Unfortunately as a preta, she was unable to eat the rice as it was transformed into burning coal. Maudgalyayana then asks the Buddha to help him; whereupon Buddha explains how one
432:
or hungry ghost. Similar to the
Yulanpen Sutra, Sariputta builds four huts and fills them with food and drink for the Sangha of the four quarters; with the Buddha present, he dedicates this donation on behalf of his suffering mother. The transference of merit enables Sariputta's mother to be reborn
798:
Pravāraṇā (Pāli Pavāraṇā) zizi 自恣 and suiyi 隨意 in
Chinese, is a ceremony held at the end of the three-month rainy season retreat by Buddhist monks. In Theravada Buddhism and in Nepal, it was and is still held on the full moon day of the seventh or eight month. i.e. Āśvina (September–October) or
368:
Dynasty and is entitled: 'The Buddha Speaks the Sutra of
Offering Bowls to Repay Kindness'. According to Karashima, Taisho 686 is basically a more idiomatic adaptation of Taisho 685. It records the events which followed after one of the disciples of
578:
This is an index to the Taisho
Tripitaka - nb Volume 16 is listed as 經集部 or Collected Sutra Section; it is where Taisho 685 (The Buddha Speaks the Yulanpen Sutra) and Taisho 686 (The Buddha Speaks the Sutra of Offering Bowls to Repay Kindness) are
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the translations by
Dharmarakṣa (fl. 265?-311 CE). Moreover, the transliteration 鉢和羅 (EH pat γwa la > MC pwât γwâ lâ} of Skt. pravāra(ṇā), which only occurs in this sutra and its adaptation, i.e. the
829:
is used. In China, Japan, the Korean peninsula and other East Asian regions, vassa starts on the fourth month of the lunar
Chinese calendar (May (in the Gregorian calendar) and lasts 3 months. .
360:. It was translated from an Indic language (see History) and is found in Taisho 685 and Taisho 686 in Volume 16, the third volume of the Collected Sutra Section. Taisho 685 was translated by
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at some point between 265-311 CE. The subject matter of the
Yulanpen Sutra is broadly similar to several accounts described in other sutras. The most ancient of those accounts (
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from 265-311 CE and is entitled: 'The Buddha Speaks the
Yulanpen Sutra'. Taisho 686 was translated by an unknown or lost translator during the
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is able to assist one's current parents and deceased parents in this life and in one's past seven lives by willingly offering food, etc., to the
470:), which usually occurs on the 15th day of the seventh month whereby the monastic community transfers the merits to the deceased parents, etc.,
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and uses his newfound powers to search for his deceased parents. Maudgalyayana discovers that his deceased mother was reborn into the
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853:, Bukkyō Dendō Kyōkai English Tripitaka Series, Berkeley: Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research, pp. 17–44,
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Annual Report of the International Research Institute for Advance Buddhology at Soka University for the Academic Year 2012
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Annual Report of the International Research Institute for Advance Buddhology at Soka University for the Academic Year 2012
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using it to teach the people of Sri Lanka in the 3rd century BCE. The Petavatthu was responsible for spreading a similar
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Annual Report of the International Research Institute for Advance Buddhology at Soka University for the Academic Year 2012
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Annual Report of the International Research Institute for Advance Buddhology at Soka University for the Academic Year 2012
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and uses his newfound powers to search for his deceased parents. In the end, Maudgalyayana finds his mother in the
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which is also part of the Pali Canon and contains 51 verses describing the karmic origins of rebirth in the
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Buddhist Rituals of Death and Rebirth: Contemporary Sri Lankan Practice and Its Origins
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759:[The Real Meaning of Urabon –The Solution to a 1400 Year Misunderstanding].
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621:[The Real Meaning of Urabon –The Solution to a 1400 Year Misunderstanding].
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627:ほぼ同じ内容の「報恩奉盆経」という経典ものあるがこれは前者がいかにも直訳だったものを中国的に改めたものにすぎない。(see text for translation)
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The Yulanpen Sutra has traditionally been regarded as being translated from the
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The sutra was picked up almost immediately by Chinese festival guides like the
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Bandō, Shōjun, ed. (2005), "The Ullambana Sutra (Taishō Vol. 16, No. 685)",
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No. 14 - The Story of the Mother of Sariputta) describes how the disciple
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Both Taisho 685 and 686 are found in Volume 16 of the Taisho Tripitaka.
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and released from the preta world. Another account can be found in the
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815:[The Meaning of Yulanpen 盂蘭盆 "Rice Bowl" On Pravāraṇā Day].
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rescued his mother (from five past lives ago) who had become a
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819:(in Chinese) (114). Translated by 裘雲青 (Qiu Yunqing): 286.
783:"The Meaning of Yulanpen 盂蘭盆 "Rice Bowl" On Pravāraṇā Day"
730:"The Meaning of Yulanpen 盂蘭盆 "Rice Bowl" On Pravāraṇā Day"
653:"The Meaning of Yulanpen 盂蘭盆 "Rice Bowl" On Pravāraṇā Day"
593:"The Meaning of Yulanpen 盂蘭盆 "Rice Bowl" On Pravāraṇā Day"
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Also Sanskrit fragments of this account have been found.
931:, translated by The Buddhist Text Translation Society
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385:(hungry ghost) world and with the assistance of the
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1755:Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna
336:
543:, a Chinese legend concerning Maudgalyayana
980:
966:
31:
799:Kārttika (October–November) respectively.
811:辛嶋静志 Karashima Seishi (February 2014).
2942:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal
755:辛嶋静志 Karashima Seishi (October 2013).
617:辛嶋静志 Karashima Seishi (October 2013).
3633:
3145:List of Buddhist architecture in China
875:
961:
843:
896:
572:[Taishō Shinshū Tripitaka].
761:大法輪 (The Great Wheel of the Dharma)
623:大法輪 (The Great Wheel of the Dharma)
484:and influenced the creation of the
13:
2932:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
466:(the end of the monsoon season or
14:
3662:
922:
37:Mulian and his mother Madame Liu
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3160:Thai temple art and architecture
2905:Huichang persecution of Buddhism
1145:Iconography in Laos and Thailand
1011:
998:
988:
935:"Should One Practice Filiality?"
445:The sutra records the time when
1012:
837:
804:
781:Karashima Seishi (March 2013).
728:Karashima Seishi (March 2013).
651:Karashima Seishi (March 2013).
591:Karashima Seishi (March 2013).
3150:Japanese Buddhist architecture
2952:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism
2032:Seven Factors of Enlightenment
1223:Places where the Buddha stayed
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3651:Post-canonical Buddhist texts
3165:Tibetan Buddhist architecture
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462:or monastic community during
389:, is able to save her. The
2922:Buddhism and the Roman world
2898:Decline of Buddhism in India
2893:History of Buddhism in India
993: Topics in
907:: Harvard University Press,
552:
233:of the Yulan Bowl Spoken by
7:
2120:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar
1860:
507:
440:
10:
3667:
3070:The unanswerable questions
900:T'ang Transformation Texts
567:"Taishō Shinshū Daizōkyō"
399:
16:Sutra in Mahāyāna Buddhism
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3155:Buddhist temples in Korea
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1718:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism
1629:
1621:Three planes of existence
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1228:Buddha in world religions
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540:Mulian Rescues His Mother
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2158:Four stages of awakening
1539:Three marks of existence
1125:Physical characteristics
897:Mair, Victor H. (1989),
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756:
618:
568:
519:Filial piety in Buddhism
396:is based on this sutra.
315:; ;
173:Traditional Chinese
51:Traditional Chinese
2300:Ten principal disciples
1183:(aunt, adoptive mother)
882:, Abingdon: Routledge,
757:「盂蘭盆」の本当の意味 ―千四百間の誤解を解く
619:「盂蘭盆」の本当の意味 ―千四百間の誤解を解く
265:《Fú shuō Yúlánpén jīng》
200:Simplified Chinese
72:Simplified Chinese
3641:Chinese Buddhist texts
3010:Buddhism and democracy
2523:Tibetan Buddhist canon
2518:Chinese Buddhist canon
1750:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
1745:Early Buddhist schools
346:
325:Japanese pronunciation
3020:Eight Consciousnesses
1130:Life of Buddha in art
876:Langer, Rita (2007),
847:Apocryphal Scriptures
3497:East Asian religions
2927:Buddhism in the West
2498:Early Buddhist texts
2113:Four Right Exertions
1579:Ten spiritual realms
1072:Noble Eightfold Path
763:(in Japanese): 185.
625:(in Japanese): 182.
301:, also known as the
3620:Religion portal
3367:Temple of the Tooth
3246:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi
2285:Upāsaka and Upāsikā
1778:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā
1561:Two truths doctrine
1381:Mahapajapati Gotamī
1181:Mahapajapati Gotamī
929:The Ullambana Sutra
716:. cf Langer (2007)
534:Zhong Yuan Festival
307:traditional Chinese
3542:Western philosophy
3140:Dzong architecture
2962:Vipassana movement
2957:Buddhist modernism
2385:Emperor Wen of Sui
2153:Pratyekabuddhayāna
2086:Threefold Training
1888:Vipassana movement
1604:Hungry Ghost realm
1424:Avidyā (Ignorance)
1371:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta
1120:Great Renunciation
1115:Eight Great Events
997:
953:Nichiren Daishonin
671:Baoen Fengpen jing
3628:
3627:
3266:Om mani padme hum
2972:Women in Buddhism
2888:Buddhist councils
2758:Western countries
2546:Madhyamakālaṃkāra
2307:Shaolin Monastery
1884:Samatha-vipassanā
1494:Pratītyasamutpāda
1298:Metteyya/Maitreya
1216:
1208:
1200:
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1184:
1176:
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1045:Four Noble Truths
914:978-0-674-86815-1
889:978-1-134-15872-0
702:Venerable Mahinda
529:Transfer of merit
371:Shakyamuni Buddha
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252:Standard Mandarin
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143:Yü-lan-p'ên Ching
115:Standard Mandarin
99:of the Yulan Bowl
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3445:Sacred languages
3293:Maya Devi Temple
3256:Mahabodhi Temple
3060:Secular Buddhism
3025:Engaged Buddhism
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1713:Tibetan Buddhism
1664:Vietnamese Thiền
1263:Mahāsthāmaprāpta
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3657:
3656:
3655:
3646:Mahayana sutras
3631:
3630:
3629:
3624:
3612:
3594:
3546:
3461:
3376:
3113:Ordination hall
3074:
2976:
2947:Buddhist crisis
2859:
2556:
2508:Mahayana sutras
2484:
2480:Thích Nhất Hạnh
2311:
2184:
2124:
2074:Bodhisattva vow
1759:
1625:
1565:
1524:Taṇhā (Craving)
1459:Five hindrances
1410:
1302:
1232:
1086:
1031:
1003:
986:
943:
925:
915:
890:
867:
861:
850:
840:
835:
814:
809:
805:
785:
779:
775:
758:
753:
749:
732:
726:
722:
690:Khuddaka Nikaya
688:is part of the
683:
679:
666:: 289,301,302.
655:
649:
645:
637:
633:
620:
615:
611:
595:
589:
585:
570:
565:
563:
559:
555:
550:
514:Dana (Buddhism)
510:
476:
443:
402:
347:Kinh Vu Lan Bồn
303:Ullambana Sutra
226:Literal meaning
128:《Yúlánpén jīng》
92:Literal meaning
45:
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3664:
3654:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3622:
3610:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3556:
3554:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3487:
3477:
3471:
3469:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3459:
3458:
3457:
3452:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3386:
3384:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3363:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3311:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3269:
3268:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3180:
3179:
3177:Greco-Buddhist
3169:
3168:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3131:
3130:
3128:Burmese pagoda
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3084:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2986:
2984:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2918:
2917:
2910:Greco-Buddhism
2907:
2902:
2901:
2900:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2869:
2867:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2856:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2843:United Kingdom
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2788:Czech Republic
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2755:
2754:
2753:
2748:
2738:
2737:
2736:
2726:
2725:
2724:
2719:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2678:
2677:
2667:
2662:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2566:
2564:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2554:
2552:Abhidharmadīpa
2549:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2494:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2470:B. R. Ambedkar
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2390:Songtsen Gampo
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2321:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2309:
2304:
2303:
2302:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2266:
2265:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2194:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2134:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2122:
2117:
2116:
2115:
2105:
2104:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2083:
2082:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2069:Eight precepts
2066:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2029:
2028:
2027:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2006:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1948:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1857:
1847:
1842:
1840:Five Strengths
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1780:
1775:
1769:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1731:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1705:
1704:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1635:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1581:
1575:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1479:Mental factors
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1420:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1331:Mahamoggallāna
1328:
1323:
1318:
1312:
1310:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1246:Avalokiteśvara
1242:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1210:
1202:
1194:
1186:
1178:
1170:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1096:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1047:
1041:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1008:
1005:
1004:
985:
984:
977:
970:
962:
956:
955:
946:
938:
932:
924:
923:External links
921:
920:
919:
913:
894:
888:
873:
859:
839:
836:
834:
833:
813:盂蘭盆之意-自恣日的"飯鉢"
803:
773:
747:
720:
714:Southeast Asia
706:Ghost Festival
700:which records
677:
643:
631:
609:
583:
576:(in Chinese).
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
545:
544:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
509:
506:
496:, such as the
486:Ghost Festival
475:
472:
442:
439:
401:
398:
394:Ghost Festival
299:Yulanpen Sutra
293:
292:
289:
288:
285:
284:
275:
269:
268:
261:
255:
254:
248:
247:
246:Transcriptions
239:
238:
227:
223:
222:
202:
196:
195:
175:
169:
168:
165:
164:
156:
155:
152:
151:
148:
147:
138:
132:
131:
124:
118:
117:
111:
110:
109:Transcriptions
102:
101:
93:
89:
88:
74:
68:
67:
53:
47:
46:
36:
28:
27:
24:
23:
22:Yulanpen Sutra
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3663:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3609:
3601:
3600:
3597:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3553:
3549:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3482:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3468:
3464:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3447:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3382:Miscellaneous
3379:
3373:
3372:Vegetarianism
3370:
3368:
3365:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3337:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3194:Buddha in art
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3173:
3170:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3129:
3126:
3125:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3090:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3077:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2979:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2866:
2862:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2848:United States
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2759:
2756:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2742:
2739:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2730:
2727:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2487:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2405:Padmasambhava
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2317:Major figures
2314:
2308:
2305:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2264:
2263:Western tulku
2261:
2260:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2121:
2118:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2087:
2084:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2064:Five precepts
2062:
2061:
2060:
2057:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2042:Dhamma vicaya
2040:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2033:
2030:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1810:Buddhābhiṣeka
1808:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1762:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1709:
1706:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1640:
1637:
1636:
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860:1-886439-29-X
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435:Avadanasataka
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3560:Bodhisattvas
3480:Christianity
3475:Baháʼí Faith
3340:Dharmachakra
3330:Prayer wheel
3320:Prayer beads
3088:Architecture
2967:969 Movement
2751:Saudi Arabia
2729:Central Asia
2722:South Africa
2544:
2527:
2460:Panchen Lama
2365:Buddhapālita
1961:Satipatthana
1956:Mindful Yoga
1869:Recollection
1783:Brahmavihara
1654:Japanese Zen
1649:Chinese Chan
1609:Animal realm
1416:Key concepts
1238:Bodhisattvas
1050:Three Jewels
944:(in Chinese)
899:
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865:the original
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838:Bibliography
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358:filial piety
341:;
331:;
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279:
259:Hanyu Pinyin
229:
142:
122:Hanyu Pinyin
95:
3405:Dharma talk
3234:Asalha Puja
3030:Eschatology
2833:Switzerland
2813:New Zealand
2741:Middle East
2650:Philippines
2570:Afghanistan
2375:Bodhidharma
2360:Buddhaghosa
2280:Householder
2190:Monasticism
2143:Bodhisattva
1998:Prostration
1951:Mindfulness
1879:Anapanasati
1862:Kammaṭṭhāna
1659:Korean Seon
1599:Asura realm
1594:Human realm
1534:Ten Fetters
1489:Parinirvana
1391:Uppalavanna
1356:Mahākaccana
1341:Mahākassapa
1273:Kṣitigarbha
1268:Ākāśagarbha
1165:Suddhodāna
1110:Four sights
1037:Foundations
949:"On Urabon"
574:CBETA 漢文大藏經
414:Dharmarakṣa
377:, achieves
366:Eastern Jin
362:Dharmarakṣa
356:concerning
3635:Categories
3522:Psychology
3502:Gnosticism
3490:Comparison
3485:Influences
3467:Comparison
3350:Bhavacakra
3308:Kushinagar
3283:Pilgrimage
3229:Māgha Pūjā
3184:Bodhi Tree
3000:Buddhology
2990:Abhidharma
2982:Philosophy
2915:Menander I
2783:Costa Rica
2734:Uzbekistan
2575:Bangladesh
2529:Dhammapada
2513:Pali Canon
2475:Ajahn Chah
2455:Dalai Lama
2355:Kumārajīva
2350:Vasubandhu
2325:The Buddha
2233:Zen master
2168:Sakadagami
2148:Buddhahood
2079:Pratimokṣa
1894:Shikantaza
1850:Meditation
1825:Deity yoga
1696:Madhyamaka
1589:Deva realm
1484:Mindstream
1434:Bodhicitta
1346:Aṅgulimāla
1213:Devadatta
1189:Yaśodharā
1092:The Buddha
1082:Middle Way
686:Petavatthu
640:Six Realms
548:References
524:Petavatthu
422:Petavatthu
416:under the
391:East Asian
343:Vietnamese
329:urabon-kyō
273:Wade–Giles
235:the Buddha
136:Wade–Giles
3590:Festivals
3570:Buddhists
3532:Theosophy
3335:Symbolism
3325:Hama yumi
3298:Bodh Gaya
3065:Socialism
3040:Evolution
3015:Economics
2853:Venezuela
2768:Australia
2763:Argentina
2687:Sri Lanka
2682:Singapore
2600:Indonesia
2562:Countries
2503:Tripiṭaka
2465:Ajahn Mun
2340:Nagarjuna
2335:Aśvaghoṣa
2218:Anagārika
2213:Śrāmaṇerī
2208:Śrāmaṇera
2203:Bhikkhunī
2163:Sotāpanna
2052:Passaddhi
1993:Offerings
1968:Nekkhamma
1845:Iddhipada
1765:Practices
1735:Theravada
1708:Vajrayana
1701:Yogachara
1671:Pure Land
1584:Six Paths
1571:Cosmology
1351:Anuruddha
1326:Sāriputta
1316:Kaundinya
1308:Disciples
1283:Vajrapāṇi
1135:Footprint
1100:Tathāgata
905:Cambridge
698:Mahavamsa
638:See also
553:Citations
494:East Asia
464:Pravarana
449:achieves
426:Sāriputta
3608:Category
3537:Violence
3507:Hinduism
3455:Sanskrit
3410:Hinayana
3395:Amitābha
3355:Swastika
3224:Uposatha
3214:Holidays
3199:Calendar
3045:Humanism
2883:Kanishka
2873:Timeline
2697:Thailand
2665:Kalmykia
2660:Buryatia
2645:Pakistan
2630:Mongolia
2625:Maldives
2620:Malaysia
2585:Cambodia
2450:Shamarpa
2445:Nichiren
2395:Xuanzang
2330:Nagasena
2248:Rinpoche
1978:Pāramitā
1820:Devotion
1740:Navayana
1728:Dzogchen
1691:Nichiren
1639:Mahayana
1631:Branches
1509:Saṅkhāra
1258:Mañjuśrī
1215:(cousin)
1207:(cousin)
1175:(mother)
1167:(father)
1155:Miracles
1105:Birthday
1022:Glossary
995:Buddhism
941:《佛說盂蘭盆經》
743:: 297–8.
579:located.
508:See also
441:Contents
406:Sanskrit
351:Mahayana
349:), is a
43:century)
3585:Temples
3565:Buddhas
3527:Science
3517:Judaism
3512:Jainism
3430:Lineage
3390:Abhijñā
3360:Thangka
3303:Sarnath
3288:Lumbini
3209:Funeral
3204:Cuisine
3080:Culture
3055:Reality
3005:Creator
2995:Atomism
2865:History
2838:Ukraine
2798:Germany
2717:Senegal
2707:Vietnam
2635:Myanmar
2435:Shinran
2425:Karmapa
2400:Shandao
2370:Dignāga
2295:Śrāvaka
2275:Donchee
2270:Kappiya
2228:Sayadaw
2198:Bhikkhu
2173:Anāgāmi
2130:Nirvana
2096:Samadhi
1983:Paritta
1924:Tonglen
1919:Mandala
1874:Smarana
1855:Mantras
1803:Upekkha
1773:Bhavana
1723:Shingon
1676:Tiantai
1529:Tathātā
1519:Śūnyatā
1514:Skandha
1504:Saṃsāra
1499:Rebirth
1474:Kleshas
1464:Indriya
1366:Subhūti
1251:Guanyin
1205:Ānanda
1197:Rāhula
1077:Nirvana
1017:Outline
937:at SFSU
796:: 293.
708:across
569:大正新脩大藏經
451:abhijñā
410:Chinese
400:History
379:Abhijñā
3580:Sutras
3575:Suttas
3440:Siddhi
3425:Koliya
3400:Brahmā
3315:Poetry
3261:Mantra
3251:Kasaya
3123:Pagoda
3103:Kyaung
3098:Vihāra
3093:Temple
3035:Ethics
2878:Ashoka
2828:Sweden
2823:Poland
2818:Norway
2808:Mexico
2793:France
2778:Canada
2773:Brazil
2712:Africa
2692:Taiwan
2655:Russia
2580:Bhutan
2540:Vinaya
2420:Naropa
2410:Saraha
2345:Asanga
2101:Prajñā
2010:Refuge
1973:Nianfo
1934:Tertön
1929:Tantra
1914:Ganana
1904:Tukdam
1830:Dhyāna
1798:Mudita
1793:Karuṇā
1686:Risshū
1681:Huayan
1614:Naraka
1554:Anattā
1549:Dukkha
1544:Anicca
1449:Dharma
1401:Channa
1336:Ānanda
1321:Assaji
1288:Skanda
1191:(wife)
1160:Family
1140:Relics
1065:Sangha
1060:Dharma
1055:Buddha
911:
886:
857:
606:: 289.
474:Legacy
460:sangha
387:Buddha
333:Korean
317:pinyin
41:
3552:Lists
3420:Kalpa
3415:Iddhi
3278:Music
3273:Mudra
3239:Vassa
3219:Vesak
3189:Budai
3135:Candi
3118:Stupa
3050:Logic
2803:Italy
2702:Tibet
2640:Nepal
2610:Korea
2605:Japan
2595:India
2590:China
2535:Sutra
2490:Texts
2440:Dōgen
2430:Hōnen
2415:Atiśa
2380:Zhiyi
2290:Achar
2258:Tulku
2253:Geshe
2238:Rōshi
2223:Ajahn
2178:Arhat
2138:Bodhi
2108:Vīrya
2025:Sacca
2020:Satya
2015:Sādhu
2003:Music
1946:Merit
1939:Terma
1899:Zazen
1835:Faith
1788:Mettā
1469:Karma
1429:Bardo
1396:Asita
1386:Khema
1376:Upāli
1361:Nanda
1199:(son)
1173:Māyā
1150:Films
1027:Index
951:, by
868:(PDF)
851:(PDF)
823:vassa
786:(PDF)
733:(PDF)
710:South
694:preta
656:(PDF)
596:(PDF)
502:Japan
490:China
468:vassa
455:preta
430:preta
408:into
383:preta
354:sutra
231:Sutra
97:Sutra
39:(19th
3450:Pāḷi
3435:Māra
3345:Flag
2746:Iran
2670:Tuva
2615:Laos
2243:Lama
2091:Śīla
2059:Śīla
2047:Pīti
2037:Sati
1988:Puja
1909:Koan
1815:Dāna
1406:Yasa
1293:Tārā
909:ISBN
884:ISBN
855:ISBN
712:and
684:The
338:우란분경
312:盂蘭盆經
297:The
3172:Art
3108:Wat
1644:Zen
794:XVI
741:XVI
664:XVI
604:XVI
500:in
488:in
418:Jin
412:by
373:,
214:盂兰盆
187:盂蘭盆
80:盂兰盆
59:盂蘭盆
3637::
2674:ru
903:,
792:.
788:.
739:.
735:.
662:.
658:.
602:.
598:.
504:.
345::
335::
327::
319::
309::
2676:)
2672:(
1890:)
1886:(
981:e
974:t
967:v
918:.
893:.
872:.
305:(
219:》
217:经
211:说
208:佛
206:《
192:》
190:經
184:說
181:佛
179:《
85:》
83:经
78:《
64:》
62:經
57:《
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