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252:. (This solution is not perfect, as images of different colour end up at slightly different places.) Prof. Väisälä made a small test unit of 7 mirrors in a mosaic on stiff background steel frame, however it proved to be impossible to stabilize as "just adjust and forget" structure, and next time anybody tried it, was with active controls on
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For this rather massive photographic survey work, Prof. Väisälä developed also a protocol of taking two exposures on same plate some 2–3 hours apart and offsetting those images slightly. Any dot-pairs that differed from background were moving, and deserved follow-up photos. This method halved the
285:
was doing its first precision triangulation chain measurements, and to create long-distance vertices Prof. Väisälä proposed usage of flash-lights on 5 to 10 kilometres (16,000 to 33,000 ft) altitude balloons, or on some big fireworks rockets. The idea was to measure the exact position of the
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Once he saw
Schmidt's publication, he promptly went ahead and "solved" the field flattening problem by placing a doubly convex lens slightly in front of the film holder – back in the 1930s, astronomical films were glass plates
268:
A laboratory diary of Yrjö Väisälä. The text is written in 1929. On the pages seen here Väisälä describes the principle of 'a new telescope for photography'. Väisälä never published this concept and few years later
Estonian
223:
He developed several methods for measuring the quality of optical elements, as well as a lot of practical methods of manufacturing said elements. This allowed the construction of some of the earliest high-quality
325:
For these Zenith
Telescopes, Prof. Väisälä made also one of the first experiments at doing mirrors of liquid mercury. (Such mirror needs extremely smooth rotational speeds which were achieved in the late 1990s.)
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flash against background stars, and by precisely knowing one camera location, to derive an accurate location for another camera. This required better wide-field cameras than were available, and was discarded.
2449:
A commemorative plaque attached to the building in 1976. The text reads: "At this place was Väisälä scientist brothers, Vilho, Yrjö and Kalle's, home in 1904–1919. Joensuu Lyceum ex-students".
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to precisely determine lengths of baselines used in triangulation chains. Several such baselines were created in
Finland for second high-precision triangulation campaign in 1950s and 1960s.
236:'s design, but unpublished was also Prof. Yrjö Väisälä's identical design which he had mentioned in lecture notes in 1924 with a footnote: "problematic spherical focal surface".
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during 1935–1944. He used to name them with the names of his personal friends that had birthdays. One of them was the professor Matti Herman
Palomaa, after whom an asteroid
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in
California has never had an asteroid bearing its name – the rules for naming asteroids state that the names have to differ from each other with more than one letter.
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358:, where plates get single exposures, and are compared by rapidly showing first and second exposures to human operator. (Blink-comparing was used to find e.g.
189:(Observatory/Optics laboratory), and a book with the same title in Finnish describes his works. His discoveries include 128 minor planets and 3 comets.
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Prof. Väisälä also developed excellent tools to measure earth rotational axis position by building so called
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at the corner of Sepänkatu and
Papinkatu streets. The building was Väisälä brothers' home in 1904–19.
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until 1918, the
Gregorian calendar continued in official use in Finland because Finland had been part of
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Later, Prof. Väisälä developed a method to multiply an optical length reference using
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His brothers were mathematician Kalle Väisälä (1893–1968) and meteorologist
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for the calibration of other distance measurement instruments.
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when Sweden had converted to the
Gregorian calendar in 1753.
350:. His research group discovered 7 comets and 807 asteroids.
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invented the same construction which is now known as the
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VISPA: Väisälä Institute for Space
Physics and Astronomy
2662:"JPL Small-Body Database Browser: C/1942 EA (Vaisala)"
2615:"JPL Small-Body Database Browser: C/1944 H1 (Vaisala)"
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date. Although Grand Duchy of Finland was part of the
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228:, in particular a "field-flattened" version known as
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2514:Öpik, Ernst (1971). "Y. Väisälä died 1971 July 21".
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296:Later GPS made these methods largely obsolete. The
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300:established by Väisälä is still maintained by the
2724:Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1573) Väisälä
2583:Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1548) Palomaa
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437:is named after him, and so are the minor planets
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2759:. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 229–230.
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2637:"JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 40P/Vaisala 1"
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387:Besides minor planets, he has also discovered 3
2500:
152:; 6 September 1891 – 21 July 1971) was a
2861:People associated with the University of Turku
2757:Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (2804) Yrjö
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395:observed in 1944 and 1945, as well as the two
2722:Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1573) Väisälä".
2581:Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1548) Palomaa".
166:His main contributions were in the field of
2726:. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 125.
2585:. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 123.
431:in honour of its founder. The lunar crater
411:he co-discovered the Jupiter-family comet
2755:Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(2804) Yrjö".
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354:film consumption compared to method of
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2545:"Minor Planet Discoverers (by number)"
2433:An early 20th century wooden house in
213:Internacia Scienca Asocio Esperantista
2711:. USGS Astrogeology Research Program.
182:. He had an affectionate nickname of
139:
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2709:Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature
207:Väisälä was a fervent supporter of
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200:(1916–2011) was an astronomer and
14:
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2570:Esperanta Finnlando numero 1/1968
427:Astronomy department is known as
2478:at the time and Russia used the
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449:List of discovered minor planets
365:Yrjö Väisälä is credited by the
36:
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380:was named. For this reason the
2876:Astronomical instrument makers
2765:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_2805
2732:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1574
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2591:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1549
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16:Finnish astronomer (1891–1971)
1:
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382:Palomar Mountain Observatory
7:
2841:Discoveries by Yrjö Väisälä
2664:. Jet Propulsion Laboratory
2617:. Jet Propulsion Laboratory
218:
202:discoverer of minor planets
10:
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371:discovery of 128 asteroids
302:Finnish Geodetic Institute
291:white light interferometry
259:
196:(1889–1969). His daughter
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2641:Jet Propulsion Laboratory
338:he built was used at the
336:Schmidt-Väisälä telescope
298:Nummela Standard Baseline
254:Multiple Mirror Telescope
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2871:Astronomy-optics society
2831:Discoverers of asteroids
2821:20th-century astronomers
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170:. He was also active in
141:[ˈyrjøˈʋæi̯sælæ]
21:Vaisala (disambiguation)
281:In the 1920s and 1930s
391:. The parabolic comet
278:
230:Schmidt-Väisälä camera
63:Grand Duchy of Finland
2836:Discoverers of comets
267:
211:, presiding over the
2846:Finnish Esperantists
2684:"Tuorla Observatory"
2470:The birth date is a
19:For other uses, see
2866:People from Joensuu
2826:Finnish astronomers
2549:Minor Planet Center
2528:1973IrAJ...11R.159O
2516:Irish Astron. Journ
413:139P/Väisälä–Oterma
397:short period comets
367:Minor Planet Center
340:University of Turku
244:photographic plates
2851:Finnish geodesists
2472:Gregorian calendar
423:The University of
279:
232:. Contemporary to
2856:Optical engineers
2774:978-3-540-29925-7
2741:978-3-540-29925-7
2600:978-3-540-29925-7
2551:. 28 October 2018
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419:Honors and awards
356:"blink comparing"
313:zenith telescopes
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107:Scientific career
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1981:2679 Kittisvaara
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1073:1521 Seinäjoki
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569:1446 Sillanpää
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557:9 January 1937
555:
552:1424 Sundmania
547:
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541:
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535:1421 Esperanto
530:
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476:26 August 1936
474:
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342:for searching
331:
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275:Schmidt camera
261:
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250:Väisälä camera
220:
217:
128:
127:
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123:
114:
110:
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97:
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83:
81:(aged 79)
75:
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67:Russian Empire
57:
46:
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33:
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15:
9:
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4:
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2252:3272 Tillandz
2251:
2250:
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2238:
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2226:
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2224:3212 Agricola
2221:
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2212:30 March 1940
2211:
2209:3166 Klondike
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2026:
2024:2716 Tuulikki
2023:
2022:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2007:2715 Mielikki
2006:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1994:2690 Ristiina
1993:
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1911:
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1889:22 March 1939
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1691:26 April 1941
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1657:18 March 1936
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1452:11 March 1942
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1397:22 April 1941
1396:
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1392:1567 Alikoski
1389:
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1281:1536 Pielinen
1278:
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1264:1535 Päijänne
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913:1495 Helsinki
912:
911:
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895:
894:
891:
888:
886:23 March 1938
885:
883:1492 Oppolzer
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719:
718:1462 Zamenhof
715:
714:
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694:
691:
688:
686:1454 Kalevala
685:
684:
681:
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668:
667:
664:
661:
658:
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655:
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639:
638:
637:1450 Raimonda
634:
633:
630:
627:
624:
622:
621:
620:1449 Virtanen
617:
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603:
600:
599:
596:
593:
590:
588:
587:
583:
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573:
571:
570:
566:
565:
562:
559:
556:
554:
553:
549:
548:
545:
542:
540:18 March 1936
539:
537:
536:
532:
531:
528:
525:
522:
520:
519:
518:1407 Lindelöf
515:
514:
511:
508:
505:
502:
501:
498:
495:
492:
490:
489:
488:1405 Sibelius
485:
484:
481:
478:
475:
472:
471:
468:
465:
462:
460:
459:
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454:
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435:
430:
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416:
414:
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406:
402:
398:
394:
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368:
363:
361:
357:
351:
349:
345:
341:
337:
327:
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316:
314:
309:
307:
303:
299:
294:
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287:
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266:
257:
255:
251:
247:
245:
237:
235:
231:
227:
216:
214:
210:
205:
203:
199:
198:Marja Väisälä
195:
194:Vilho Väisälä
190:
188:
187:
181:
177:
173:
169:
164:
162:
158:
155:
148:
142:
134:
125:
122:
118:
115:
111:
108:
104:
101:
98:
94:
90:
86:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
47:
43:
39:
34:
27:
22:
2796:(in Finnish)
2756:
2750:
2723:
2717:
2708:
2699:
2687:. Retrieved
2678:
2666:. Retrieved
2656:
2644:. Retrieved
2631:
2619:. Retrieved
2609:
2582:
2576:
2565:
2553:. Retrieved
2548:
2519:
2515:
2380:9 April 1940
2367:3 March 1943
2338:4266 Waltari
2295:3606 Pohjola
2265:
2239:3223 Forsius
2222:
2199:3 April 1940
2192:
2175:
2102:
2089:2820 Iisalmi
2076:2802 Weisell
2063:2750 Loviisa
1964:
1954:9 April 1940
1951:2639 Planman
1938:2638 Gadolin
1915:3 April 1940
1902:3 March 1943
1899:2502 Nummela
1882:
1803:3 March 1943
1800:2333 Porthan
1761:2258 Viipuri
1748:2243 Lönnrot
1734:3 March 1943
1727:
1717:3 April 1940
1684:
1667:
1644:4 March 1935
1637:
1620:
1603:
1569:
1552:
1539:1723 Klemola
1511:1696 Nurmela
1509:
1479:
1462:
1445:
1428:
1407:
1390:
1373:
1356:
1346:2 April 1937
1330:1548 Palomaa
1315:1542 Schalén
1313:
1298:1541 Estonia
1296:
1279:
1262:
1241:
1224:
1207:
1190:
1173:
1156:
1143:1526 Mikkeli
1126:
1111:1524 Joensuu
1109:
1092:
1071:
1054:
1041:1519 Kajaani
1024:
1007:
990:
973:
947:1497 Tampere
930:
896:
857:1483 Hakoila
827:
810:
793:
776:
716:
699:
676:8 March 1938
669:
652:
635:
618:
584:
567:
550:
533:
516:
486:
473:1398 Donnera
458:1391 Carelia
456:
439:1573 Väisälä
432:
428:
422:
409:Liisi Oterma
386:
378:1548 Palomaa
373:
364:
352:
333:
324:
317:
310:
295:
288:
280:
249:
241:
238:
222:
212:
206:
191:
183:
178:and optical
165:
133:Yrjö Väisälä
132:
131:
106:
79:(1971-07-21)
77:21 July 1971
30:Yrjö Väisälä
2816:1971 deaths
2811:1891 births
2555:13 February
2405:6572 Carson
2351:4512 Sinuhe
2282:3522 Becker
2037:2733 Hamina
1714:2194 Arpola
1669:2067 Aksnes
1622:1929 Kollaa
1590:1883 Rimito
1571:1757 Porvoo
1375:1552 Bessel
1226:1533 Saimaa
1175:1529 Oterma
1056:1520 Imatra
1009:1503 Kuopio
829:1479 Inkeri
812:1478 Vihuri
759:1472 Muonio
746:1471 Tornio
701:1460 Haltia
671:1453 Fennia
503:1406 Komppa
401:40P/Väisälä
374:(see below)
96:Nationality
2805:Categories
2792:Turun Ursa
2494:References
2312:3897 Louhi
2162:2972 Niilo
2132:2898 Neuvo
2119:2885 Palva
2050:2737 Kotka
1787:2299 Hanko
1774:2292 Seili
1729:2204 Lyyli
1701:2096 Väinö
1686:2091 Sampo
1605:1928 Summa
1496:1678 Hveen
1447:1656 Suomi
1409:1631 Kopff
1343:1549 Mikko
1209:1532 Inari
960:1498 Lahti
932:1496 Turku
844:1480 Aunus
778:1473 Ounas
654:1451 Granö
330:Astronomer
242:(also see
184:Wizard of
157:astronomer
51:1891-09-06
2689:1 October
2325:4181 Kivi
2177:3037 Alku
2145:2962 Otto
2104:2826 Ahti
1654:2020 Ukko
1243:1534 Näsi
975:1499 Pori
898:1494 Savo
870:1488 Aura
586:1447 Utra
443:2804 Yrjö
393:C/1944 H1
369:with the
344:asteroids
209:Esperanto
180:metrology
176:astronomy
172:geodetics
161:physicist
117:astronomy
85:Rymättylä
334:The big
219:Optician
137:Finnish:
2524:Bibcode
2522:: 159.
2435:Joensuu
2420:Gallery
434:Väisälä
320:quasars
306:Nummela
283:Finland
260:Geodesy
154:Finnish
121:physics
100:Finnish
89:Finland
2771:
2738:
2668:8 July
2646:8 July
2621:8 July
2597:
2484:Sweden
389:comets
348:comets
186:Tuorla
168:optics
113:Fields
2455:Notes
425:Turku
360:Pluto
2769:ISBN
2736:ISBN
2691:2014
2670:2016
2648:2016
2623:2016
2595:ISBN
2557:2019
2412:list
2399:list
2384:list
2371:list
2358:list
2345:list
2332:list
2319:list
2302:list
2289:list
2276:list
2259:list
2246:list
2233:list
2216:list
2203:list
2186:list
2169:list
2152:list
2139:list
2126:list
2113:list
2096:list
2083:list
2070:list
2057:list
2044:list
2031:list
2014:list
2001:list
1988:list
1975:list
1958:list
1945:list
1932:list
1919:list
1906:list
1893:list
1872:list
1859:list
1846:list
1833:list
1820:list
1807:list
1794:list
1781:list
1768:list
1755:list
1738:list
1721:list
1708:list
1695:list
1678:list
1661:list
1648:list
1631:list
1614:list
1597:list
1580:list
1563:list
1546:list
1533:list
1520:list
1503:list
1490:list
1473:list
1456:list
1439:list
1418:list
1401:list
1384:list
1367:list
1350:list
1337:list
1324:list
1307:list
1290:list
1273:list
1252:list
1235:list
1218:list
1201:list
1184:list
1167:list
1150:list
1137:list
1120:list
1103:list
1082:list
1065:list
1048:list
1035:list
1018:list
1001:list
984:list
967:list
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