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safe houses, switching between them to avoid detection (some safety improvements such as more flexible transmission skeds were introduced only after
Beekman was sent to France). Operating from a single static radio post greatly increased the chances of being hunted down by German direction finding (D/F) teams, which were known to prowl the streets of major towns and cities across the country, and it is not clear why Beekman apparently did not use additional hideouts â perhaps it was too difficult to find suitable locations in such a densely populated area, or she might have had technical problems with the wireless sets available.
317:
area of the source. Beekman and Bieler spent
Christmas Eve at the Bourys' house; they listened to the BBC and did their best to be festive. On Christmas Day she made contact with London as usual, but the following week a direction finding van was seen passing the house, an ominous sign that the net was closing in. Beekman moved her set to the Boury house, where she was still living, but on 12 January Camille Boury noticed a man walking along the street, with his collar turned up and apparently listening to earphones. Beekman's radio signal had been traced to their block.
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told her companion of this death sentence. All four had grown very pale and wept; the major asked whether they could protest against the sentence. The
Kommandant declared that no protest could be made against the sentence. The major had then asked to see a priest. The camp Kommandant refused this on the grounds that there was no priest in the camp.
629:. Did General De Gaulle tell the whole truth about the French resistance? This is the purpose of this documentary. Jean Marie Barrere, the French director, uses the story of his own grandfather (Robert) to tell the French what SOE did at that time. Robert was a French teacher based in the southwest of France, who worked with SOE agent
365:), Annie Hagen (arrested for working as a black marketeer) and Clara Frank (jailed for slaughtering a cow on her family farm without permission). While imprisoned, Beekman drew and embroidered. She would take a needle and prick her finger to use the blood as ink and draw on toilet paper as there was no paper and pencils.
309:
transmission, lying on a divan with her head in a book, apparently unruffled by the possibility of arrest. EugĂšne
Cordelette, one of MUSICIAN's lieutenants, later described Bieler and Beekman as being "both of the finest stuff imaginable", but her training should have left her more mindful of security.
417:
The four prisoners now had to kneel with their heads towards a small mound of earth and were killed by the two SS, one after another by a shot through the back of the neck. During the shooting the two
Englishwomen held hands and the two French-women likewise. For three of the prisoners the first shot
413:
The four prisoners had come from the barrack in the camp, where they had spent the night, into the yard where the shooting was to be done. Here he had announced the death sentence to them. Only the
Lagerkommandant and the two SS men had been present. The German-speaking Englishwoman (the major) had
304:
Beekman's first lodgings were with a long serving résistant and schoolmistress, Mlle
Lefevre, but this could only be a temporary stay. At the beginning of October, she moved to the house of Camille Boury, who worked at the Pharmacie Corteel, and lived on the corner of Rue Baudelaire. Odette Gobeaux,
408:
A Gestapo man named Max
Wassmer was in charge of prisoner transports at Karlsruhe and accompanied the women to Dachau. Another Gestapo man named Christian Ott gave a statement to American investigators after the war as to the fate of Beekman and her three companions. Ott was stationed at Karlsruhe
316:
Beekman's steadfast and fearless approach had proved invaluable to the circuit, but her work was becoming riskier every day. German interception of radio signals had become very efficient by this time, and the regular times of her transmissions was helping her pursuers to gradually narrow down the
312:
Following her instructions from London, Beekman transmitted using a preâarranged schedule (or "sked"), sending messages at specific times and frequencies three times a week. This was standard practice for SOE wireless operators in France, though most would try and set up several sets at different
209:
Beekman was born
Yolande Elsa Maria UnternÀhrer to a Swiss father and an English mother in Paris. As a child, she moved to London and grew up fluent in English, German, and French. Young Yolande had a gentle disposition and liked to draw, so her family expected that she would become a designer or
360:
in
Germany, where she encountered a prisoner named Hedwig MĂŒller (a nurse arrested by the Gestapo in 1944). MĂŒller said after the war that Beekman "didn't leave her cell much as she suffered badly with her legs." She was confined there until September 1944, sharing a cell with Elise Johe (a
308:
Beekman began quietly visiting Gobeaux's house in Rue de la FĂšre, letting herself in with her own key during the day, placing her set on a small table and passing the long aerial out through the window above. Interviewed after the war, Gobeaux remembered Beekman often waiting for the next
320:
Beekman immediately packed up her set and moved again, this time to the Café Moulin Brulé, a lonely safe house on the north eastern edge of the city, on the northern bank of the canal. Shaken by her narrow escape, she could rely on the café owners sheltering her for the night.
572:
codenamed "Felix" and "Cat", respectively. The film tells the story of the training of agents for SOE and their operations in France. The training sequences were filmed using the SOE equipment at the training schools at Traigh and Garramor (South Morar) and at
254:, whom she had met on the W/T operator's course, but a short time after her marriage she said goodbye to her husband and was flown behind enemy lines in France. Beekman was landed in France on the night of 17/18 September 1943, having been flown in a
409:
and volunteered to accompany the four women to Dachau as he wanted to visit his family in Stuttgart on the return journey. Though not present at the execution, Ott told investigators what Wassmer had told him.
2585:
1144:
Buckmaster was the head of SOE's F Section, who infamously ignored security checks by captured SOE wireless operators that indicated their capture, resulting in agents being captured and executed.
1753:
356:
several kilometres outside Paris. Again she was interrogated and brutalized repeatedly. In May 1944, Beekman was moved with several other captured SOE agents to the civilian prison for women at
334:
The next day Biéler arrived at the café to discuss where she should go next, but the Gestapo were now ready to make their haul. Two men walked in and drew revolvers, arresting all those inside.
2731:
421:
After the shooting of these prisoners the Lagerkommandant said to the two SS men that he took a personal interest in the jewellery of the women and that this should be taken into his office.
2635:
2706:
33:
297:. Beekman became an efficient and valued agent who, in addition to her all important radio transmissions to London, took charge of the distribution of materials dropped by
2696:
2716:
2726:
1738:
2711:
648:
Television series that was broadcast between 1987 and 1990 featuring the exploits of the women and, less frequently, the men of SOE, which was renamed the 'Outfit'.
293:, using the codenames "Mariette" and "Kilt" (wireless codename), and the alias "Yvonne". She also transmitted messages for the adjacent Farmer network, headed by
2681:
1879:
1768:
1947:
2106:
2721:
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2701:
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1640:
2686:
2559:
2405:
2435:
2400:
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2415:
2375:
2385:
1907:
663:
545:
work for SOE, partly narrated by Wake (Wake was disappointed that the film was changed from an 8-hour resistance story to a 4-hour love story).
458:
département of France. A later memorial, the SOE Agents Memorial in Lambeth Palace Road (Westminster, London), is dedicated to all SOE agents.
247:
418:
caused death, but for the German-speaking Englishwoman a second shot had to be fired as she still showed signs of life after the first shot.
2500:
1922:
1118:
A once classified report compiled in 1946 by a former member of SOE's F Section, Major Robert Bourne-Patterson, who was a planning officer.
1218:
as a SAS operative in Brittany, later becoming Professor of Modern History at Manchester University and an official historian of the SOE).
2578:
2322:
1869:
2597:
1591:
1096:
Focus on the four female SOE agents (Borrel, Leigh, Olschanezky and Rowden) executed in the Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp.
1021:
Focus on the four female SOE agents (Borrel, Leigh, Olschanezky and Rowden) executed in the Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp.
658:
1810:
1710:
2084:
1806:
1836:
1778:
1700:
1470:
1418:
1322:
1280:
1180:
1158:
1110:
1013:
987:
955:
2550:
2159:
2096:
1492:
1444:
1344:
1136:
450:, England and as one of the SOE agents who died for the liberation of France, she is listed on the "Roll of Honour" on the
2169:
1670:
1540:
1388:
1366:
1258:
1232:
1066:
1786:
1518:
1206:
1088:
821:
1685:
1035:
2430:
2129:
2018:
1982:
1240:
Detailed look at SOE casualties and selected stories that are representative of the experience of SOE personnel.
1584:
1250:
668:
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who worked with Boury at the pharmacy, offered Beekman the draughty attic of her house from which to transmit.
224:
174:
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2640:
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1874:
439:
158:
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964:
232:
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108:
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2445:
2124:
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282:
182:
137:
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1352:
A source of information about the dozens of female agents sent into France during WW2 including Borrel.
2525:
2330:
1635:
1577:
1478:
Written by the son of Major Francis Suttill, the Prosper circuit chief executed by the Nazis in 1945.
551:
468:
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198:
81:
2192:
2119:
1821:
1763:
1743:
1715:
1655:
1645:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1426:
Overview of Atkins' activity at SOE (served as Buckmaster's intelligence officer in the F Section).
508:
1330:
Overview of the scores of female SOE agents sent into occupied Europe during WW2 including Borrel.
1103:
SOE In France 1941-1945: An Official Account of the Special Operations Executive's French Circuits
451:
438:
Beekman's actions were recognized by the government of France with the posthumous awarding of the
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2237:
2144:
1725:
1705:
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916:
626:
162:
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2505:
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for work in occupied France, officially joining the SOE on 15 February 1943. She trained with
2465:
2267:
2006:
1510:
1459:
Shadows in the Fog: The True Story of Major Suttill and the Prosper French Resistance Network
947:
630:
286:
2530:
2666:
2661:
2485:
2312:
2207:
2012:
1796:
1733:
362:
1433:
Lonely Courage: The true story of the SOE heroines who fought to free Nazi-Occupied France
1043:
Documents RAF small aircraft landings in France during WW2 (author was one of the pilots).
8:
2257:
1889:
1831:
1558:
1436:
1225:
Unearthing Churchill's Secret Army: The Official List of SOE Casualties and Their Stories
1128:
751:
390:
173:(7 January 1911 â 13 September 1944) was a British spy in World War II who served in the
2520:
2287:
273:
Mk III (SD), the type used for special missions into occupied France during World War II
2592:
1987:
1957:
1841:
609:
583:
443:
2510:
2074:
2054:
1564:
1405:
Spymistress: The Life of Vera Atkins, the Greatest Female Secret Agent of World War II
816:. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen and Sword. p. Chapter 21, Kindle location 4464.
231:. Because of her language skills and wireless expertise, Beekman was recruited by the
2345:
2302:
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2114:
1942:
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1084:
1062:
1031:
1009:
983:
951:
817:
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270:
255:
190:
1927:
1381:
Les Parisiennes: How the Women of Paris Lived, Loved, and Died Under Nazi Occupation
278:
2625:
2335:
2272:
2217:
2187:
1337:
Agents Françaises: French women infiltrated into France during the Second World War
486:
394:
294:
251:
236:
148:
2425:
2049:
401:. At dawn on the following morning, 13 September, the four women were executed by
210:
illustrator. After schooling in England she was sent to a Swiss finishing school.
2410:
2307:
2222:
2212:
1902:
1801:
1500:
Documents the activities of female OSS and SOE agents in France including Borrel.
593:
502:
Documentary about the SOE "finishing school" on the Beaulieu estate in Hampshire.
402:
186:
2495:
2079:
1932:
2252:
2059:
1962:
1081:
The Women Who Lived for Danger: The Women Agents of SOE in the Second World War
478:
398:
353:
346:
240:
228:
2620:
2355:
2350:
2655:
2515:
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2475:
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2227:
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2177:
2154:
2139:
1952:
1937:
1826:
1611:
1005:
605:
597:
482:
126:
65:
1485:
Shadow Warriors: Daring Missions of World War II by Women of the OSS and SOE
521:
French film about five SOE female agents and their contribution towards the
2460:
2420:
2365:
2182:
2149:
2069:
2036:
1972:
1967:
1912:
1861:
979:
639:
430:
88:
2297:
1569:
995:
Documents Atkins' post-war search for missing SOE agents including Borrel.
565:
352:
Separated from Biéler, who was later executed, Beekman was transported to
2360:
2197:
1917:
1851:
1452:
Documents the activities of female SOE agents in France including Borrel.
601:
574:
266:
912:
2540:
2480:
1977:
1897:
1302:
542:
2242:
2134:
1507:
Secret War: The Story of SOE, Britain's Wartime Sabotage Organization
538:
357:
342:
1125:
They Fought Alone: The True Story of SOE's Agents in Wartime France
1028:
We Landed By Moonlight: The Secret RAF landings in France 1940-1944
1198:
194:
85:
32:
2025:
1188:
Information about female SOE agents in France including Borrel.
564:
Filming began in 1944 and starred real-life SOE agents Captain
447:
373:
633:(codenamed "Hilaire", in charge of the "Wheelwright" circuit).
2732:
Special Operations Executive personnel killed in World War II
976:
A Life in Secrets: Vera Atkins and the Missing Agents of WWII
522:
455:
290:
1374:
Comprehensive coverage of the German occupation of France.
1173:
A Quiet Courage: The story of SOE's women agents in France
967:
who went undercover in France during the Second World War.
859:
857:
963:
The full story of the thirty-nine female agents of the
854:
842:
2707:
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1939â1945 (France)
944:
Mission France: The True History of the Women of SOE
793:
781:
771:
769:
2697:
French people who died in Dachau concentration camp
893:
881:
869:
707:
2717:French people executed in Nazi concentration camps
2566:Sons and Daughters of Jewish Deportees from France
1402:
830:
2727:Female recipients of the Croix de Guerre (France)
1244:
814:Agent Michael Trotobas and SOE in Northern France
766:
2712:Royal Air Force personnel killed in World War II
2653:
1166:Comprehensive coverage of the French Resistance.
1100:
685:
223:When World War II broke out, Beekman joined the
1396:Look at the lives of women in Paris during WW2.
1266:The second and most recent biography of Rowden.
1175:. Sparkford, UK: Patrick Stevens Ltd (Haynes).
1151:French Resistance Fighter: France's Secret Army
664:Military history of France during World War II
2682:French Special Operations Executive personnel
1585:
1273:Churchill's Ministry of Ungentlemanly Warfare
477:Movie based on the book by R.J. Minney about
277:In France, Beekman operated the wireless for
1334:
1312:
1056:
811:
189:during World War II where she operated as a
2560:Fondation pour la MĂ©moire de la DĂ©portation
1870:Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation
1599:
1482:
1359:Occupation: The Ordeal of France, 1940â1944
2722:People executed by Nazi Germany by firearm
2692:Spies who died in Nazi concentration camps
1592:
1578:
1533:Wanborough Manor: School for secret agents
1222:
1195:The Special Operations Executive 1940â1946
1122:
31:
2702:World War II spies for the United Kingdom
1400:
746:
744:
742:
461:
1292:
740:
738:
736:
734:
732:
730:
728:
726:
724:
722:
659:British military history of World War II
429:
372:
341:
265:
2598:List of Holocaust memorials and museums
1880:Timeline of deportations to death camps
1530:
1456:
1057:Aubrac, Raymond; Aubrac, Lucie (2014).
324:
197:. She was subsequently executed at the
2654:
2579:MĂ©morial des Martyrs de la DĂ©portation
2085:Vichy Holocaust collaboration timeline
1430:
1270:
1170:
1148:
1078:
1025:
999:
941:
812:Kent, Stewart; Nicholas, Nick (2015).
799:
787:
775:
752:"SOE Agent Profiles â Yolande Beekman"
713:
608:. The film includes an interview with
442:. In addition, she is recorded on the
368:
1573:
1378:
1361:. New York, US: Cooper Square Press.
1356:
1245:McDonald-Rothwell, Gabrielle (2017).
719:
425:
2687:Women's Auxiliary Air Force airwomen
2160:Police collaboration in Vichy France
1504:
1483:Thomas, Gordon; Lewis, Greg (2016).
1383:. New York, US: St. Martin's Press.
1192:
1083:. London, UK: Hodder and Stoughton.
973:
899:
887:
875:
863:
848:
836:
531:Nancy Wake Codename: The White Mouse
385:Beekman was abruptly transferred to
377:US troops guarding main entrance to
2586:Mémorial national de la déportation
1559:SOE Agent Profiles: Yolande Beekman
1487:. Stroud, UK: Amberley Publishing.
1317:. Stroud, UK: Amberley Publishing.
1275:. London, UK: Amberley Publishing.
1223:Grehan, John; Mace, Martin (2012).
129:(Women's Auxiliary Air Force, WAAF)
13:
1074:Overview of the French Resistance.
1049:
261:
246:In 1943, Beekman married Sergeant
213:
16:French espionage agent (1911â1944)
14:
2743:
1551:
1153:. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing.
1105:. Barnsley, UK: Frontline Books.
1101:Bourne-Patterson, Robert (2016).
454:in the town of Valençay, in the
281:, the Canadian in charge of the
2431:Marie-Claude Vaillant-Couturier
934:
905:
258:aircraft in operation Millner.
218:
1308:The first biography of Rowden.
1214:Overview of SOE (Foot won the
805:
669:Resistance during World War II
46:Mariette, Kilt (SOE codenames)
1:
2641:Vichy anti-Jewish legislation
2631:History of the Jews in France
1875:Vichy anti-Jewish legislation
1297:. London, UK: Cresset Press.
674:
204:
2019:Jeunesse Populaire Française
1983:Carl-Heinrich von StĂŒlpnagel
1293:Nicholas, Elizabeth (1958).
1123:Buckmaster, Maurice (2014).
965:Special Operations Executive
679:
181:. She was a member of SOE's
179:Special Operations Executive
109:Special Operations Executive
7:
2125:Louis Darquier de Pellepoix
2065:Louis Darquier de Pellepoix
1526:Overview of SOE activities.
1457:Suttill, Francs J. (2014).
1401:Stevenson, William (2006).
1288:A thorough overview of SOE.
652:
592:Movie based on the book by
175:Women's Auxiliary Air Force
37:In WAAF uniform during WW2.
10:
2748:
1335:O'Conner, Bernard (2016).
1313:O'Conner, Bernard (2014).
612:, head of SOE's F-Section.
171:Yolande Elsa Maria Beekman
2606:
2549:
2444:
2374:
2321:
2168:
2105:
2035:
1996:
1888:
1860:
1777:
1724:
1607:
1535:. Hopfield Publications.
1531:Yarnold, Patrick (2009).
1061:. France: Hazan Editeur.
1030:. Manchester, UK: Crécy.
469:Carve Her Name with Pride
387:Dachau concentration camp
337:
329:
199:Dachau concentration camp
154:
144:
133:
122:
114:
102:
94:
82:Dachau concentration camp
71:
52:
42:
30:
23:
2013:Parti Populaire Français
1563:Spartacus Educational -
1339:. UK: Bernard O'Conner.
946:. New Haven and London:
913:"Churchill's Spy School"
2145:Charles du Paty de Clam
2045:Anti-Jewish legislation
1754:French Riviera roundups
1601:The Holocaust in France
1079:Binney, Marucs (1995).
917:Internet Movie Database
695:. The National Archives
381:after liberation, 1945.
227:where she trained as a
163:Mentioned in Dispatches
2616:Antisemitism in France
2536:André and Magda Trocmé
2341:Antoinette Feuerwerker
2120:Louis-Ferdinand CĂ©line
1511:Hodder & Stoughton
1271:Milton, Giles (2016).
1171:Escott, Beryl (1992).
1149:Crowdy, Terry (2007).
625:French documentary on
618:Robert and the Shadows
495:Churchill's Spy School
462:Related cultural works
435:
423:
382:
349:
289:in the département of
274:
193:until arrested by the
2466:Le Chambon-sur-Lignon
2007:Devisenschutzkommando
1431:Stroud, Rick (2017).
1193:Foot, M.R.D. (1999).
1059:The French Resistance
1026:Verity, Hugh (2000).
1000:Kramer, Rita (1995).
948:Yale University Press
942:Vigurs, Kate (2021).
631:George Reginald Starr
509:Les Femmes de l'Ombre
452:Valençay SOE Memorial
433:
411:
376:
345:
269:
115:Years of service
2677:Female wartime spies
2572:MĂ©morial de la Shoah
2526:Jules-GĂ©raud SaliĂšge
2486:Pierre-Marie Gerlier
2471:ChĂąteau de Chabannes
2208:Messaoud El Mediouni
2091:RĂ©volution nationale
1505:West, Nigel (1992).
1437:Simon & Schuster
1379:Sebba, Anne (2016).
1357:Ousby, Ian (2000) .
974:Helm, Sarah (2005).
325:Arrest and execution
2593:Rivesaltes Memorial
1948:Hans-Dietrich Ernst
1837:Royallieu-CompiĂšgne
1807:Natzweiler-Struthof
1129:Biteback Publishing
1002:Flames in the Field
866:, pp. 286â287.
851:, pp. 228â230.
434:SOE Agents Memorial
391:Madeleine Damerment
389:with fellow agents
369:Execution at Dachau
2531:Pierre-Marie Théas
1988:Carltheo Zeitschel
1958:Ernst Heinrichsohn
1315:Churchill's Angels
1295:Death Be Not Proud
627:France Télévisions
610:Maurice Buckmaster
552:Now It Can Be Told
444:Runnymede Memorial
436:
426:Awards and honours
383:
350:
275:
48:Yvonne (SOE alias)
2649:
2648:
2506:PĂšre Marie-BenoĂźt
2346:David Feuerwerker
2303:Charlotte Salomon
2278:Sonia Olschanezky
2233:Maurice Halbwachs
2115:Robert Brasillach
1999:and organizations
1943:Theodor Dannecker
1787:Beaune-la-Rolande
1472:978-0-7509-5591-1
1463:The History Press
1420:978-1-5597-0763-3
1411:Arcade Publishing
1324:978-1-4456-3431-9
1282:978-1-444-79898-2
1227:. Pen and Sword.
1182:978-1-8526-0289-5
1160:978-1-84603-076-5
1112:978-1-4738-8203-4
1015:978-1-4538-3427-5
989:978-1-4000-3140-5
957:978-0-300-20857-3
570:Jacqueline Nearne
557:School for Danger
363:Jehovah's Witness
271:Westland Lysander
191:wireless operator
168:
167:
75:13 September 1944
2739:
2626:Battle of France
2612:
2552:
2521:Germaine RibiĂšre
2379:
2336:Jean Elleinstein
2324:
2288:BĂ©atrice Reinach
2273:Casimir Oberfeld
2268:IrĂšne NĂ©mirovsky
2218:Benjamin Fondane
2171:
1891:
1863:
1739:Clermont-Ferrand
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1446:978-14711-5565-9
1435:. New York, US:
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1409:. New York, US:
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1394:
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1346:978-1326-70328-8
1328:
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395:Noor Inayat Khan
295:Michael Trotobas
252:Netherlands Army
237:Noor Inayat Khan
149:Second World War
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2447:
2446:Righteous Among
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2411:Denise Holstein
2377:
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2308:Sascha Schapiro
2223:Otto Freundlich
2213:Jacques Feldbau
2164:
2101:
2075:Philippe PĂ©tain
2055:François Darlan
2031:
1998:
1997:Nazi occupation
1992:
1903:Ernst Achenbach
1884:
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1557:Nigel Perrin -
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1235:
1216:Croix de Guerre
1209:
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1050:Further reading
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898:
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256:Double Lysander
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187:occupied France
177:(WAAF) and the
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1552:External links
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1548:
1547:
1542:978-0956348906
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2283:Victor Perez
2238:Paul Hermann
2183:Victor Basch
2150:Paul Touvier
2097:Vichy Police
2089:
2080:André Tulard
2070:Pierre Laval
2037:Vichy France
2024:
2017:
2005:
1973:Kurt Lischka
1968:Josef Kramer
1933:Heinz Röthke
1913:Klaus Barbie
1908:Horst Ahnert
1890:Perpetrators
1769:Villeurbanne
1734:Green ticket
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2448:the Nations
2436:LĂ©on Zyguel
2361:Simone Veil
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600:, starring
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2541:Varian Fry
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1978:Carl Oberg
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205:Early life
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2551:Memorials
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1779:Camps
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