776:
926:
517:
687:
255:
22:
1007:
1021:. In the form of a dark brown food paste, it is used to flavour soups, sausages and salads. The most popular way to consume Cenovis, however, is to spread it on a slice of buttered bread, as stated on the product's packaging (it can also be blended directly into butter, and then spread on bread, or used as a filling in croissants and buns).
2022:
But if
Marmite stays off the shelves, Germany could have an answer. A company in Hameln has been making Vitam-R yeast spread since the 1920s. It may not have the same cachet as Marmite, but its smoother taste has a cult following among health food aficionados. But it, too, has become more expensive
141:
Yeast extracts in general are produced in three steps: fermentation (growing the yeast), disruption (breaking of the cells), and separation (to keep the soluble part). Although the vast majority of yeast extract spreads are made using von Liebig's traditional approach of heat-autolysis using
749:
Marmite has been manufactured in New
Zealand since 1919. The product's popularity in England prompted the Sanitarium Health Food Company to obtain sole rights to distribute the product in New Zealand and Australia in 1908. They later began manufacturing Marmite under licence in
431:
196:
For disruption of the cell, some physical and chemical methods may be used in place of the heat-autolysis process. Doing so may allow specific compounds to be extracted or to produce an extract without the hydrolysis of cell contents (as in autolysis) happening.
754:, albeit using a modified version of the original recipe, most notable for its inclusion of sugar and caramel. Common ingredients are also slightly different quantities from the British version; the New Zealand version has high levels of
1044:
The nutrition-rich nature of yeast extract lends it to a variety of uses. It was historically popular as a vitamin supplement for humans. Rich in proteins and nucleotides, it currently finds use in animal feed and microbiology (see
1927:
Beispielhaft für den wissensbezogenen Wandel der
Vermarktung steht Vitam-R, ein Hefeextrakt, der Ende der 1920er Jahre als »Fleischextrakt des Vegetariers«39 vermarktet wurde. Das Präparat wurde 1925 von der Stettiner Rückforth
221:
gluten according to third-party testing, meeting the EU "very low gluten" limit but not the "gluten free" definition. Unilever reports that no cases of gluten-related reactions have been reported for
Marmite.
598: (equivalent to about $ 572,000,000 in 2023) agreement for full Australian ownership after Bega would buy most of Mondelez International's Australia and New Zealand grocery and cheese business.
2038:
Glücklich trotz
Unverträglichkeiten: Rotationsdiät: Bauchschmerzen und Nahrungsmittelunverträglichkeiten dauerhaft lindern – Reizdarm und chronisch entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen vorbeugen
1571:
487:
with a distinctive, powerful flavour, which is extremely salty. This distinctive taste is represented in the marketing slogan: "Love it or hate it." Such is its prominence in
83:
and yeast) and vegetables—such as broccoli and tomatoes. A number of other substances found in yeast extract provide aromas, some meat-like, when allowed to react under heat.
2090:
153:, requiring a "debittering" step to wash out most of this undesired flavor. Yeast from other sources are not affected by this issue. Spent brewer's yeast is also quite
209:. Brewer's yeast are especially likely to contain the protein due to contact with the grains used in brewing. In the case of yeast autolysate however, the yeast
1107:
63:
taste sensations and can be found in a large variety of packaged foods including frozen meals, crackers, snack foods, gravy, stock and more. They are rich in
1227:
2110:
1510:
Koukoumaki, Danai Ioanna; Tsouko, Erminta; Papanikolaou, Seraphim; Ioannou, Zacharias; Diamantopoulou, Panagiota; Sarris, Dimitris (1 June 2024).
1336:
1133:
1751:
1436:. 6th National Conference On Strategic Research in Chemistry And Chemical Engineering With An Emphasis On Indigenous Technology In Iran.
2252:
1626:
746:
and the
Pacific, whereas elsewhere in the world the British version predominates. In the rest of the world it is sold as "NZ-Mite".
2001:
1779:
735:
1855:"Vegemite bought by Bega from US food giant Mondelez International – ABC Rural – ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)"
1651:
2046:
1978:
1951:
1203:
1169:
1036:
in 1931, on the initiative of a master brewer named Alex
Villinger, and was subsequently produced by the company Cenovis SA.
319:
25:
Yeast extract is a common ingredient in commercially prepared soups (canned, frozen, or deli). It is a flavor enhancer like
502:
and the
Pacific, British Marmite is sold as "Our Mate", due to the presence of a licensed Marmite produced in New Zealand.
291:
1859:
1729:
964:
that yeast could be concentrated. It is sometimes described as having a smoother flavour than similar products such as
758:, for example. New Zealand Marmite is described as having a "weaker" or "less tangy" flavour than the British version.
2210:
1813:
1252:
722:
558:
467:
338:
298:
1597:
1474:
Jacob, Friedrich Felix; Striegel, Lisa; Rychlik, Michael; Hutzler, Mathias; Methner, Frank-Jürgen (24 June 2019).
2062:
72:
2257:
1386:
305:
276:
272:
1278:
1854:
79:(free glutamates), an amino acid which adds an umami flavor. Glutamic acid is found in meat, cheese, fungi (
1072:
287:
1840:
1678:
1350:
775:
2132:
1402:
1198:. Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science, Technology and Nutrition. Elsevier Science. p. 296.
1108:"Handcrafted chicken soup doesn't happen in 30 minutes, but it can take less work than you might think"
404:
Yeast extract is used as a flavoring in foods. It is a common ingredient in
American barbecue-flavored
1511:
2247:
129:
Yeast extracts in liquid form can be dried to a light paste or a dry powder. This is not the same as
2023:
to import to
Britain - even if, after Brexit, it will by default become the leading brand in the EU.
1512:"Recent advances in the production of single cell protein from renewable resources and applications"
929:
742:, but the two products are made by different companies. This is the only product sold as Marmite in
2262:
178:
149:
In terms of fermentation, spent beer yeast is commonly contaminated with the bitter compounds from
133:, which are made from intact cells not directly hydrolyzed and consequently have a lighter flavor.
1572:"Vegemite joins vegan movement with official certification to celebrate World Vegan Day on Friday"
401:) switched from beef extract to yeast extract for 2005 and most of 2006, but later switched back.
1476:"Spent Yeast from Brewing Processes: A Biodiverse Starting Material for Yeast Extract Production"
626:
488:
265:
190:
2150:
583:
2036:
1968:
1941:
1552:
1193:
1159:
1014:
Cenovis is a product based on yeast extract that is similar to Marmite and Vegemite, rich in
948:, Germany, by the company Vitam Hefe-Produkt GmbH. It was first developed by Rückforth AG in
681:
618:
575:
368:
1804:
1077:
1033:
312:
162:
26:
1704:
1627:"Having a Marmite CRISIS? Here are the tasty alternatives (and it doesn't involve Bovril)"
1164:. Arts and Traditions of the Table: Perspe. Columbia University Press. 2014. p. 172.
8:
2202:
394:
237:, although some consumers prefer extra certification. They are also generally considered
111:
1067:
1046:
864:
174:
2206:
2195:
2102:
2042:
1974:
1947:
1809:
1533:
1431:
1382:
1199:
1165:
961:
567:
130:
91:
53:
2168:
2065:[When one combines flavour with health...]. Cenovis.ch. 1999. Archived from
2091:"Lucy Wills (1888–1964): The life and research of an adventurous independent woman"
1523:
1487:
1456:
1316:
696:
587:
526:
441:
218:
1824:
1053:
and skincare products due to its moisturizing and alleged antioxidant properties.
2267:
1087:
686:
146:
yeast from beer brewing, other methods do exist for producing specialized types.
1910:
1528:
1492:
1475:
2009:
1321:
1304:
980:, but it, too, is described as having a love-it-or-hate-it flavour. It is both
977:
610:
492:
398:
1917:. Bio-Markt.info: Das Nachrichtenportal der Naturkostbranche. 1 September 2009
2241:
2190:
1780:"Marmite: Americans wonder what's all the fuss over divisive British spread?"
1537:
1460:
925:
731:
657:
602:
571:
491:
that the product's name is often used as a metaphor for something that is an
476:
76:
56:
45:
976:. Unlike those brands, Vitam-R is not an iconic part of its home country's
2106:
1756:
1062:
890:
751:
738:
and distributed in Australia and the Pacific. It is similar to the British
484:
123:
94:. Yeast cells are heated until they rupture, then the cells' own digestive
1447:
Nand, K. (1987). "Debittering of spent brewer's yeast for food purposes".
1279:"If MSG is so bad for you, why doesn't everyone in Asia have a headache?"
1025:
826:
743:
591:
516:
499:
405:
241:, despite the concern that the yeast has come into contact with alcohol.
103:
68:
2229:: Homepage of Eurasyp (European Association of Specialty Yeast Products)
1603:
1305:"Development of vegan meat flavour: A review on sources and techniques"
989:
985:
649:
630:
356:
352:
279: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
154:
143:
119:
115:
64:
49:
41:
2066:
225:
Yeast extract products derived from plant feedstock are by definition
16:
Cell contents of yeast without the cell walls, used as a food additive
1050:
850:
841:
755:
579:
413:
254:
2232:
1509:
1029:
1015:
969:
953:
914:
661:
606:
566:) is a thick, dark brown Australian food spread made from leftover
511:
483:. Marmite has been produced since 1902. It is a sticky, dark brown
480:
409:
360:
210:
186:
170:
107:
80:
2002:"Tesco takes Marmite off virtual shelves amid Brexit price hikes"
1001:
973:
965:
949:
910:
837:
794:
739:
638:
634:
622:
614:
425:
380:
376:
372:
364:
214:
99:
21:
1882:
126:. This is the process used for Vegemite, Marmite, and the like.
2226:
1303:
Kale, Prajyoti; Mishra, Anusha; Annapure, Uday S. (June 2022).
957:
945:
665:
390:
234:
230:
206:
182:
95:
1134:"Campbell Rethinks Its Soup Recipe as Consumer Tastes Change"
1082:
981:
941:
669:
653:
590:) until January 2017, when it was acquired by the Australian
384:
238:
226:
60:
37:
705:
450:
2095:
The Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh
1473:
896:
883:
870:
711:
645:
547:
535:
456:
166:
150:
1228:"Do you really know what exactly is in your frozen chips?"
1006:
613:
as well as a filling for pastries, Vegemite is similar to
538:
430:
1943:
Künstliche Kost: Ernährung in Deutschland, 1840 bis heute
877:
541:
86:
The heat-autolytic process to make yeast extract of the
1433:
Yeast Extracts: Production, Properties and Application
1430:
Teimouri, Iraj; Ahranjani, Rana Naderi (August 2020).
165:
too. Yeast can grow on many different mediums such as
723:
582:, Victoria, in 1922. The Vegemite brand was owned by
559:
468:
213:
are able to degrade most of the gluten. For example,
714:
550:
532:
459:
59:. They are often used to create savoury flavors and
1195:
Natural Food Additives, Ingredients and Flavourings
1049:) as nutritional supplements. It also finds use in
708:
702:
699:
544:
529:
453:
447:
444:
205:Depending on the source, yeast extract may contain
2194:
1808:(2005). Melbourne, The Macquarie Library Pty Ltd.
1302:
1253:"Your guide to glutamate (+vegan queso salsa dip)"
2034:
1429:
114:. The insoluble cell walls are then separated by
2239:
1730:"Lay's Barbecue Flavor Potato Chips Ingredients"
1351:"Here's how food companies sneak MSG into foods"
1939:
1933:
1752:"How Marmite spread its way through journalism"
1161:Umami: Unlocking the Secrets of the Fifth Taste
2028:
1425:
1423:
351:Yeast autolysates are the main ingredient in
1946:. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. pp. 407–.
1652:"Vegemite, Marmite, Promite - which is best?"
1911:"Vitam: Mit Hefe-Extrakt zum Welthersteller"
1010:Cenovis on bread, with jar in the background
1420:
157:, containing yeasts other than traditional
2063:"Lorsqu'on allie la saveur à la santé ..."
1702:
1595:
1589:
1337:"Marmite: Profile of a yeast-based spread"
1191:
1527:
1491:
1320:
570:extract with various vegetable and spice
339:Learn how and when to remove this message
90:type was invented in the 19th century by
1852:
1705:"Bovril drops the beef to go vegetarian"
1550:
1376:Encyclopedia of Food and Color Additives
1225:
1005:
685:
675:
515:
429:
20:
2088:
2055:
1966:
1960:
1777:
1749:
1703:Wainwright, Martin (19 November 2004).
1624:
736:Sanitarium Health and Wellbeing Company
2240:
2189:
2169:"Yeast Extract (Explained + Products)"
1905:
1903:
1676:
1625:Frawley, Francesca (13 October 2016).
1296:
1276:
960:) in 1925, following the discovery by
1853:Beilharz, Nikolai (19 January 2017).
1834:
1596:Hargreaves, Wendy (24 January 2010).
1505:
1503:
1396:
1394:
633:, OzEmite, Brazilian Cenovit, German
177:, etc. Common yeast species used are
161:and sometimes beer spoilage-causing
2205:: Barron's Educational Series, Inc.
1846:
1805:Macquarie Dictionary, Fourth Edition
1569:
1551:Thompson, Tricia (1 February 2011).
1446:
644:Vegemite is salty, slightly bitter,
277:adding citations to reliable sources
248:
2133:"Yeast in the Animal Feed Industry"
1900:
200:
13:
2183:
1994:
1500:
1391:
14:
2279:
2253:Microbiological media ingredients
2220:
2035:Angela Helmberger (24 May 2018).
1829:Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1)
1778:Gabbatt, Adam (13 October 2016).
1750:Hodsdon, Amelia (22 April 2010).
1973:. Weinheim: Wiley. p. 394.
1677:Barton, Laura (4 January 2002).
1400:
1226:Costello, Rose (21 March 2013).
924:
774:
695:
525:
440:
253:
36:consist of the cell contents of
2161:
2151:"Yeast Extract | Culture Media"
2143:
2125:
2082:
1940:Uwe Spiekermann (14 May 2018).
1875:
1818:
1797:
1771:
1743:
1722:
1696:
1670:
1644:
1618:
1570:Hook, Chris (1 November 2019).
1563:
1544:
1467:
1440:
1368:
1343:
495:or tends to polarise opinions.
264:needs additional citations for
1329:
1270:
1245:
1219:
1185:
1152:
1126:
1100:
244:
1:
1277:Renton, Alex (10 July 2005).
1192:Baines, D.; Seal, R. (2012).
1093:
1039:
944:yeast extract spread made in
136:
102:down into simpler compounds (
2041:. tredition. pp. 104–.
1967:Boulton, Chris, ed. (2012).
1883:"FAQs - Start with VEGEMITE"
1073:Hydrolyzed vegetable protein
412:. It is also widely used in
7:
1831:. Random House. 4 May 2009.
1529:10.1016/j.crcon.2023.07.004
1516:Carbon Resources Conversion
1493:10.3390/fermentation5020051
1403:"Benefits of Yeast Extract"
1056:
988:, and is sold primarily in
734:produced in New Zealand by
505:
10:
2284:
1322:10.1016/j.fufo.2022.100149
999:
995:
761:
679:
509:
423:
419:
1553:"Is Marmite Gluten Free?"
920:
906:
889:
876:
863:
848:
824:
816:
808:
800:
790:
782:
773:
1461:10.1002/food.19870310208
1381::2972, CRC Press, 1997,
1032:). It was developed in
383:, Brazilian Cenovit and
159:Saccharomyces cerevisiae
2089:Bastian, Hilda (2007).
1970:Encyclopedia of brewing
605:for sandwiches, toast,
489:British popular culture
2197:Food Lover's Companion
1679:"100 years of Marmite"
1024:Cenovis is popular in
1011:
690:
584:Mondelez International
574:. It was developed by
520:
435:
71:). Yeast extracts and
52:, or as nutrients for
30:
2258:Yeast extract spreads
2233:Savory Taste Alliance
1557:Gluten Free Dietitian
1009:
689:
682:Marmite (New Zealand)
676:Marmite (New Zealand)
576:Cyril Percy Callister
519:
433:
24:
1841:"The Vegemite Story"
1598:"Vege spite spreads"
1078:Monosodium Glutamate
992:health-food stores.
273:improve this article
163:lactic acid bacteria
110:), a process called
27:monosodium glutamate
2203:Hauppauge, New York
1374:George A. Burdock,
770:
656:flavour similar to
619:New Zealand Marmite
369:New Zealand Marmite
217:contains around 30
44:; they are used as
2113:on 8 December 2008
1140:. 10 November 2015
1138:The New York Times
1068:Hydrolyzed protein
1047:yeast extract agar
1012:
984:and by extension,
766:
691:
521:
436:
31:
2227:yeastextract.info
2137:American Dairymen
2048:978-3-7469-4482-1
2012:. 12 October 2016
1980:978-1-4051-6744-4
1953:978-3-647-31719-9
1205:978-0-85709-572-5
1171:978-0-231-16890-8
962:Justus von Liebig
938:
937:
930:Cookbook: Vitam-R
902:
901:
855:(per 100 serving)
851:Nutritional value
831:(per 100 serving)
349:
348:
341:
323:
131:nutritional yeast
92:Justus von Liebig
54:bacterial culture
2275:
2248:Food ingredients
2216:
2200:
2177:
2176:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2109:. Archived from
2086:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2032:
2026:
2025:
2019:
2017:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1924:
1922:
1907:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1850:
1844:
1838:
1832:
1822:
1816:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1674:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1531:
1507:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1427:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1398:
1389:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1355:Business Insider
1347:
1341:
1340:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1274:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1223:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1189:
1183:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1156:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1104:
928:
861:
860:
856:
832:
809:Main ingredients
778:
771:
769:
765:
726:
721:
720:
717:
716:
713:
710:
707:
704:
701:
611:cracker biscuits
597:
588:Kraft Foods Inc.
562:
557:
556:
553:
552:
549:
546:
543:
540:
537:
534:
531:
471:
466:
465:
462:
461:
458:
455:
452:
449:
446:
344:
337:
333:
330:
324:
322:
281:
257:
249:
219:part per million
201:Dietary concerns
169:, fruit wastes,
2283:
2282:
2278:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2263:Umami enhancers
2238:
2237:
2223:
2213:
2186:
2184:Further reading
2181:
2180:
2173:incidecoder.com
2167:
2166:
2162:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2139:. 18 July 2017.
2131:
2130:
2126:
2116:
2114:
2087:
2083:
2072:
2070:
2069:on 9 March 2011
2061:
2060:
2056:
2049:
2033:
2029:
2015:
2013:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1965:
1961:
1954:
1938:
1934:
1920:
1918:
1909:
1908:
1901:
1891:
1889:
1887:vegemite.com.au
1881:
1880:
1876:
1866:
1864:
1851:
1847:
1839:
1835:
1823:
1819:
1802:
1798:
1788:
1786:
1776:
1772:
1762:
1760:
1748:
1744:
1734:
1732:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1713:
1711:
1701:
1697:
1687:
1685:
1675:
1671:
1661:
1659:
1658:. 29 April 2017
1650:
1649:
1645:
1635:
1633:
1623:
1619:
1609:
1607:
1594:
1590:
1580:
1578:
1568:
1564:
1549:
1545:
1508:
1501:
1472:
1468:
1445:
1441:
1428:
1421:
1411:
1409:
1399:
1392:
1373:
1369:
1359:
1357:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1301:
1297:
1287:
1285:
1275:
1271:
1261:
1259:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1236:
1234:
1232:The Irish Times
1224:
1220:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1190:
1186:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1143:
1141:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1117:
1115:
1114:. 17 April 2017
1106:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1088:Protein isolate
1059:
1042:
1019:
1004:
998:
934:
857:
854:
853:
833:
830:
829:
820:Kräuter (Herbs)
791:Place of origin
767:
764:
724:
698:
694:
684:
678:
615:British Marmite
596:US$ 460,000,000
595:
560:
528:
524:
514:
508:
475:) is a British
469:
443:
439:
428:
422:
386:Maggi seasoning
345:
334:
328:
325:
288:"Yeast extract"
282:
280:
270:
258:
247:
203:
139:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2281:
2271:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2236:
2235:
2230:
2222:
2221:External links
2219:
2218:
2217:
2211:
2191:Herbst, Sharon
2185:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2160:
2142:
2124:
2081:
2054:
2047:
2027:
2010:Deutsche Welle
1993:
1979:
1959:
1952:
1932:
1915:Bio-markt.info
1899:
1874:
1845:
1843:. Kraft Foods.
1833:
1817:
1796:
1770:
1742:
1721:
1695:
1669:
1643:
1617:
1588:
1562:
1543:
1499:
1466:
1455:(2): 127–131.
1439:
1419:
1407:Livestrong.com
1390:
1367:
1342:
1328:
1295:
1269:
1244:
1218:
1204:
1184:
1170:
1151:
1125:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1058:
1055:
1041:
1038:
1028:(particularly
1017:
1000:Main article:
997:
994:
936:
935:
933:
932:
921:
918:
917:
908:
907:Similar dishes
904:
903:
900:
899:
893:
887:
886:
880:
874:
873:
867:
858:
849:
846:
845:
834:
825:
822:
821:
818:
814:
813:
810:
806:
805:
802:
798:
797:
792:
788:
787:
784:
780:
779:
763:
760:
680:Main article:
677:
674:
648:, and rich in
568:brewers' yeast
510:Main article:
507:
504:
493:acquired taste
424:Main article:
421:
418:
399:United Kingdom
347:
346:
261:
259:
252:
246:
243:
202:
199:
138:
135:
122:, and usually
75:foods contain
46:food additives
34:Yeast extracts
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2280:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2214:
2212:9780764112584
2208:
2204:
2199:
2198:
2192:
2188:
2187:
2174:
2170:
2164:
2156:
2152:
2146:
2138:
2134:
2128:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2085:
2068:
2064:
2058:
2050:
2044:
2040:
2039:
2031:
2024:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1997:
1982:
1976:
1972:
1971:
1963:
1955:
1949:
1945:
1944:
1936:
1929:
1916:
1912:
1906:
1904:
1888:
1884:
1878:
1863:
1861:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1837:
1830:
1826:
1821:
1815:
1814:1-876429-14-3
1811:
1807:
1806:
1800:
1785:
1781:
1774:
1759:
1758:
1753:
1746:
1731:
1725:
1710:
1706:
1699:
1684:
1680:
1673:
1657:
1653:
1647:
1632:
1631:Express.co.uk
1628:
1621:
1606:
1605:
1599:
1592:
1577:
1573:
1566:
1558:
1554:
1547:
1539:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1522:(2): 100195.
1521:
1517:
1513:
1506:
1504:
1494:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1470:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1443:
1435:
1434:
1426:
1424:
1408:
1404:
1397:
1395:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1377:
1371:
1356:
1352:
1346:
1338:
1332:
1323:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1299:
1284:
1280:
1273:
1258:
1254:
1248:
1233:
1229:
1222:
1207:
1201:
1197:
1196:
1188:
1173:
1167:
1163:
1162:
1155:
1139:
1135:
1129:
1113:
1112:National Post
1109:
1103:
1099:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1022:
1020:
1008:
1003:
993:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
940:Vitam-R is a
931:
927:
923:
922:
919:
916:
912:
909:
905:
898:
894:
892:
888:
885:
881:
879:
875:
872:
868:
866:
862:
859:
852:
847:
843:
839:
835:
828:
823:
819:
815:
812:Yeast extract
811:
807:
803:
799:
796:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
772:
759:
757:
753:
747:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
728:
719:
688:
683:
673:
671:
667:
663:
659:
658:beef bouillon
655:
652:giving it an
651:
647:
642:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
621:, Australian
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
599:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
564:
555:
518:
513:
503:
501:
496:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
473:
464:
432:
427:
417:
415:
411:
407:
402:
400:
396:
392:
388:
387:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
343:
340:
332:
321:
318:
314:
311:
307:
304:
300:
297:
293:
290: –
289:
285:
284:Find sources:
278:
274:
268:
267:
262:This section
260:
256:
251:
250:
242:
240:
236:
232:
228:
223:
220:
216:
212:
208:
198:
194:
192:
188:
187:Y. lipolytica
184:
180:
179:S. cerevisiae
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
147:
145:
134:
132:
127:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
84:
82:
78:
77:glutamic acid
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
35:
28:
23:
19:
2196:
2172:
2163:
2154:
2145:
2136:
2127:
2115:. Retrieved
2111:the original
2101:(1): 89–91.
2098:
2094:
2084:
2071:. Retrieved
2067:the original
2057:
2037:
2030:
2021:
2016:12 September
2014:. Retrieved
2005:
1996:
1984:. Retrieved
1969:
1962:
1942:
1935:
1926:
1921:12 September
1919:. Retrieved
1914:
1890:. Retrieved
1886:
1877:
1865:. Retrieved
1858:
1848:
1836:
1828:
1820:
1803:
1799:
1787:. Retrieved
1784:The Guardian
1783:
1773:
1761:. Retrieved
1757:The Guardian
1755:
1745:
1733:. Retrieved
1724:
1712:. Retrieved
1709:The Guardian
1708:
1698:
1686:. Retrieved
1683:The Guardian
1682:
1672:
1660:. Retrieved
1655:
1646:
1634:. Retrieved
1630:
1620:
1608:. Retrieved
1601:
1591:
1579:. Retrieved
1575:
1565:
1556:
1546:
1519:
1515:
1483:
1480:Fermentation
1479:
1469:
1452:
1449:Food/Nahrung
1448:
1442:
1432:
1410:. Retrieved
1406:
1401:Bond, Owen.
1378:
1375:
1370:
1358:. Retrieved
1354:
1345:
1331:
1312:
1309:Future Foods
1308:
1298:
1286:. Retrieved
1283:The Guardian
1282:
1272:
1260:. Retrieved
1257:WhyFoodWorks
1256:
1247:
1237:27 September
1235:. Retrieved
1231:
1221:
1211:27 September
1209:. Retrieved
1194:
1187:
1177:27 September
1175:. Retrieved
1160:
1154:
1144:27 September
1142:. Retrieved
1137:
1128:
1118:27 September
1116:. Retrieved
1111:
1102:
1063:Meat extract
1043:
1023:
1013:
939:
891:Carbohydrate
786:Yeast spread
752:Christchurch
748:
692:
643:
600:
522:
497:
479:produced by
437:
406:potato chips
403:
385:
350:
335:
326:
316:
309:
302:
295:
283:
271:Please help
266:verification
263:
224:
204:
195:
191:K. marxianus
158:
148:
140:
128:
98:break their
87:
85:
40:without the
33:
32:
18:
2073:27 February
1892:21 November
1034:Rheinfelden
1026:Switzerland
840: (934
827:Food energy
744:Australasia
732:food spread
594:group in a
592:Bega Cheese
500:Australasia
477:food spread
329:August 2021
245:Use in food
124:spray-dried
104:amino acids
2242:Categories
1986:4 November
1867:19 January
1604:Herald Sun
1581:4 November
1387:0849394147
1315:: 100149.
1094:References
1040:Other uses
990:Reformhaus
986:vegetarian
895:25.1
869:29.8
817:Variations
650:glutamates
637:and Swiss
631:AussieMite
627:MightyMite
586:(formerly
523:Vegemite (
485:food paste
414:soup bases
357:Mightymite
353:AussieMite
299:newspapers
183:C. jadinii
175:crop waste
155:biodiverse
137:Production
116:centrifuge
88:autolysate
65:B vitamins
50:flavorings
42:cell walls
1538:2588-9133
1486:(2): 51.
1051:cosmetics
1016:vitamin B
952:(today's
882:0.3
836:223
756:potassium
693:Marmite (
580:Melbourne
572:additives
438:Marmite (
211:proteases
112:autolysis
81:mushrooms
73:fermented
67:(but not
2193:(2001).
2107:19069045
2079:(French)
1825:vegemite
1789:16 March
1610:8 August
1262:15 April
1057:See also
1030:Romandie
970:Vegemite
954:Szczecin
915:Vegemite
801:Invented
660:. It is
607:crumpets
512:Vegemite
506:Vegemite
481:Unilever
408:such as
397:and the
361:Vegemite
171:molasses
120:filtered
108:peptides
100:proteins
2117:21 June
1763:26 June
1714:5 April
1688:5 April
1662:5 April
1636:5 April
1602:Sunday
1412:4 April
1360:5 April
1288:6 April
1002:Cenovis
996:Cenovis
978:cuisine
974:Cenovis
966:Marmite
950:Stettin
911:Marmite
865:Protein
795:Germany
768:Vitam-R
762:Vitam-R
740:Marmite
730:) is a
639:Cenovis
635:Vitam-R
623:Promite
563:-i-myte
434:Marmite
426:Marmite
420:Marmite
395:Ireland
381:Vitam-R
377:Cenovis
373:Promite
365:Marmite
313:scholar
233:–
215:Marmite
144:surplus
96:enzymes
2268:Yeasts
2209:
2155:Neogen
2105:
2045:
2006:dw.com
1977:
1950:
1812:
1735:7 June
1576:7 News
1536:
1385:
1202:
1168:
958:Poland
946:Hameln
942:savory
666:kosher
603:spread
391:Bovril
315:
308:
301:
294:
286:
235:pareve
231:kosher
207:gluten
29:(MSG).
1928:AG...
1656:Stuff
1083:Umami
982:vegan
972:, or
727:-myte
670:halal
662:vegan
654:umami
646:malty
472:-myte
410:Lay's
320:JSTOR
306:books
239:halal
227:vegan
61:umami
57:media
38:yeast
2207:ISBN
2119:2009
2103:PMID
2075:2011
2043:ISBN
2018:2018
1988:2014
1975:ISBN
1948:ISBN
1923:2018
1894:2018
1869:2017
1862:News
1810:ISBN
1791:2017
1765:2014
1737:2018
1716:2018
1690:2018
1664:2018
1638:2018
1612:2013
1583:2019
1534:ISSN
1414:2018
1383:ISBN
1362:2018
1290:2018
1264:2016
1239:2018
1213:2018
1200:ISBN
1179:2018
1166:ISBN
1146:2018
1120:2018
838:kcal
804:1925
783:Type
668:and
609:and
292:news
229:and
189:and
167:whey
151:hops
106:and
1860:ABC
1524:doi
1488:doi
1457:doi
1317:doi
878:Fat
725:MAR
706:ɑːr
578:in
561:VEJ
498:In
470:MAR
451:ɑːr
275:by
69:B12
48:or
2244::
2201:.
2171:.
2153:.
2135:.
2099:38
2097:.
2093:.
2020:.
2008:.
2004:.
1925:.
1913:.
1902:^
1885:.
1857:.
1827:.
1782:.
1754:.
1707:.
1681:.
1654:.
1629:.
1600:.
1574:.
1555:.
1532:.
1518:.
1514:.
1502:^
1482:.
1478:.
1453:31
1451:.
1422:^
1405:.
1393:^
1353:.
1311:.
1307:.
1281:.
1255:.
1230:.
1136:.
1110:.
968:,
956:,
913:,
842:kJ
712:aɪ
672:.
664:,
641:.
629:,
625:,
617:,
601:A
548:aɪ
539:dʒ
457:aɪ
416:.
389:.
379:,
375:,
371:,
367:,
363:,
359:,
355:,
193:.
185:,
181:,
173:,
118:,
2215:.
2175:.
2157:.
2121:.
2077:.
2051:.
1990:.
1956:.
1896:.
1871:.
1793:.
1767:.
1739:.
1718:.
1692:.
1666:.
1640:.
1614:.
1585:.
1559:.
1540:.
1526::
1520:7
1496:.
1490::
1484:5
1463:.
1459::
1416:.
1379:3
1364:.
1339:.
1325:.
1319::
1313:5
1292:.
1266:.
1241:.
1215:.
1181:.
1148:.
1122:.
1018:1
897:g
884:g
871:g
844:)
718:/
715:t
709:m
703:m
700:ˈ
697:/
554:/
551:t
545:m
542:ɪ
536:ɛ
533:v
530:ˈ
527:/
463:/
460:t
454:m
448:m
445:ˈ
442:/
393:(
342:)
336:(
331:)
327:(
317:·
310:·
303:·
296:·
269:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
