233:
Their wealth is in horses and sheep. The people are hardy, strong, and warlike, and have plenty of arms. Their king is from the family of the Toquz-Oghuz kings. These Yaghma have numerous tribes; some say that among them 1,700 known tribes are counted. Both the low and the nobles among them
208:"to pour down, rain", but noting that the form with -ma is unusual. He also noted the Persian word yaġmâ meaning "prey, plunder, booty, spoils", and that it is unclear if it has any relationship with Yağma.
172:
called the Yagma a "rich people with large herds of horses" in a country of "one month of travel". The Yagma constantly clashed with the
Karluks and the
1704:) Turkmen/Turkoman minorities, who mostly adhere to an Ottoman-Turkish heritage and identity. In traditional areas of Turkish settlement (i.e. former
230:
river, west of it are the Qarluq borders. In this country there is little agriculture, (yet) it produces many furs and in it much game is found.
332:
An
Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples: Ethnogenesis and State-Formation in Medieval and Early Modern Eurasia and the Middle East
367:
Einheit und
Vielfalt in der türkischen Welt: Materialien der 5. Deutschen Turkologenkonferenz, Universität Mainz, 4.-7. Oktober 2002
452:
375:
311:
339:
280:
418:
395:
97:. Today, the modern Uyghurs of the Kashgar, Atush, and Ghulja regions are believed to be descendants of the Yaghmas.
1735:
1730:
731:
38:
1266:
445:
156:, who used sources composed in the eighth century, wrote that the Yagma united numerous tribes between the
1332:
1664:
1623:
791:
245:, and China. The chiefs of Kashghar in the days of old were from the Qarluq, or from the Yaghma...
1740:
831:
756:
520:
513:
438:
177:
54:
216:
The following account of the country of Yaghma and its towns is given in the tenth century text
1654:
408:
1310:
605:
299:
201:
365:
1649:
986:
610:
490:
390:
Yu. Zuev, "Early Türks: Essays on history and ideology", Almaty, Daik-Press, 2002, p. 227,
226:
East of the Toquz-Oghuz country; south of it, the river
Khuland-ghun which flows into the
8:
1513:
801:
536:
122:, the Yağma "padšâh" bore the title of Bogra Khan. The Yagma title of Bogra Khan allowed
66:
27:
1194:
996:
906:
806:
133:
1352:
1251:
712:
570:
414:
391:
371:
335:
307:
276:
218:
111:
271:
Golden, Peter. B. (1990), "The
Karakhanids and Early Islam", in Sinor, Denis (ed.),
241:
belongs to
Chinistan but is situated on the frontier between the Yaghma, Tibet, the
1725:
1659:
1305:
1152:
1021:
953:
882:
826:
811:
796:
781:
751:
741:
717:
653:
560:
153:
78:
1669:
1276:
1187:
1026:
1006:
911:
901:
887:
816:
776:
771:
736:
637:
591:
565:
20:
1705:
1588:
1337:
1092:
1016:
958:
877:
821:
786:
761:
746:
677:
504:
469:
461:
123:
1474:
872:
1719:
1633:
1438:
1408:
1342:
1281:
1173:
1166:
1113:
1001:
991:
766:
586:
242:
197:
157:
50:
57:. They were one component of a confederation which consisted of Yagma, the
1681:
1548:
1533:
1347:
1286:
1256:
1220:
1180:
1044:
916:
893:
661:
597:
484:
1685:
1568:
1563:
1507:
1011:
927:
854:
723:
704:
527:
127:
106:
86:
300:"Hudud al-'Alam: The Frontiers of the Muslim World in the Tenth Century"
1368:
615:
70:
1553:
697:
53:
that came to the forefront of history after the disintegration of the
1583:
1573:
1520:
1487:
1373:
1159:
1121:
1102:
1082:
1057:
963:
497:
234:
venerate their king ...and in their region there are a few villages.
189:
165:
145:
90:
1693:
1538:
1482:
1468:
1453:
1428:
1418:
1388:
1077:
1064:
1050:
631:
238:
1628:
1578:
1528:
1502:
1497:
1458:
1448:
1403:
1398:
1383:
1300:
1246:
1209:
1204:
1097:
1087:
1072:
921:
690:
644:
555:
430:
169:
161:
149:
141:
62:
58:
1603:
1593:
1543:
1492:
1443:
1433:
1413:
1393:
1378:
1292:
1228:
1214:
1146:
1131:
1126:
1107:
935:
849:
173:
137:
94:
74:
1701:
1558:
1463:
1423:
1141:
1136:
968:
683:
363:
227:
85:
accounts as a prominent and powerful political entity in the
82:
1697:
1689:
297:
115:"their king is from the family of the Toquz-Oghuz kings."
200:
language, is "attack, onslaught." However, according to
109:
origin or are closely associated with them. According to
304:
Islamic
Central Asia: An Anthology of Historical Sources
204:, the word may have derived from Turkic verbal root
148:. In the tenth century the Yagma tribe lived in the
357:
406:
1717:
275:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 355–357,
329:
446:
413:. Asian Educational Services. p. 1582.
298:Scott Cameron Levi; Ron Sela, eds. (2010).
293:
291:
453:
439:
410:A Comprehensive Persian-English Dictionary
264:
370:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 9–.
273:The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia
364:Hendrik Boeschoten; Heidi Stein (2007).
325:
323:
306:. Indiana University Press. p. 30.
288:
168:, including Kashgar City and District.
1718:
270:
211:
434:
320:
69:. From the seventh century until the
26:For the village in Burkina Faso, see
73:period, the Yagma were recorded in
65:and other tribes which founded the
13:
460:
164:in the larger part of the eastern
14:
1752:
192:, a semantic meaning of the word
1696:, distinct from Levantine (i.e.
334:. O. Harrassowitz. p. 201.
19:For the village in Turkey, see
400:
384:
348:
176:, and were a dependent of the
120:Mujmal al-Tawarikh wa-'l-Qisas
118:According to the Persian work
42:
1:
257:
183:
152:area and further northwest.
7:
130:were from the Yagma tribe.
126:to suggest that Karakhanid
105:The Yagmas appear to be of
49:, were a medieval tribe of
10:
1757:
407:Francis Steingass (1992).
100:
25:
18:
1678:
1642:
1616:
1361:
1319:
1265:
1237:
1035:
977:
944:
863:
840:
797:Meskhetian (Ahiska) Turks
670:
624:
579:
548:
477:
468:
1665:Turkish Cypriot diaspora
1333:Bulgarian Crimean Tatars
330:Peter B. Golden (1992).
136:mentioned the Yagma and
822:Syrian Turkmen/Turkoman
478:Azerbaijani communities
140:tribes, with a clan of
55:Western Turkic Kaganate
1736:Extinct Turkic peoples
1731:Turkic peoples of Asia
1655:Crimean Tatar diaspora
832:Western Thracian Turks
767:Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman
255:
1362:Extinct Turkic groups
1320:Turkic minorities in
1267:Turkic minorities in
1238:Turkic minorities in
1036:Turkic minorities in
514:Georgian Azerbaijanis
224:
178:Western Turkic Kagans
16:Medieval Turkic tribe
1680:Central Asian (i.e.
1650:Azerbaijani diaspora
987:Iranian Azerbaijanis
625:Turkmen communities
521:Western Azerbaijanis
491:Iranian Azerbaijanis
180:until their demise.
671:Turkish communities
537:Javanshir Qizilbash
212:Historical accounts
67:Kara-Khanid Khanate
28:Yagma, Burkina Faso
1195:Siberian Bukharans
997:Chaharmahali Turks
978:Turkic minorities
945:Turkic minorities
864:Turkic minorities
580:Kyrgyz communities
549:Kazakh communities
134:Mahmud al-Kashgari
1713:
1712:
1612:
1611:
1523:
1516:
1477:
1353:Tatars of Romania
1326:
1295:
1252:Mongolian Kazakhs
1223:
1197:
1190:
1183:
1176:
1169:
1162:
1155:
1067:
1060:
1053:
930:
896:
807:Palestinian Turks
802:Montenegrin Turks
726:
707:
700:
693:
686:
656:
647:
640:
600:
571:Mongolian Kazakhs
539:
530:
523:
516:
507:
500:
493:
377:978-3-447-05476-8
313:978-0-253-35385-6
1748:
1660:Turkish diaspora
1519:
1512:
1473:
1324:
1306:Karategin Uzbeks
1291:
1219:
1193:
1186:
1179:
1172:
1165:
1158:
1153:Astrakhan Tatars
1151:
1116:
1063:
1056:
1049:
1022:Iranian Turkmens
954:Crimean Karaites
926:
892:
792:Macedonian Turks
757:Dodecanese Turks
722:
703:
696:
689:
682:
654:Iranian Turkmens
652:
643:
636:
596:
535:
526:
519:
512:
503:
496:
489:
475:
474:
455:
448:
441:
432:
431:
425:
424:
404:
398:
388:
382:
381:
361:
355:
352:
346:
345:
327:
318:
317:
295:
286:
285:
268:
253:
44:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1746:
1745:
1716:
1715:
1714:
1709:
1674:
1670:Kazakh diaspora
1638:
1608:
1357:
1323:
1321:
1315:
1277:Afghan Turkmens
1268:
1261:
1239:
1233:
1188:Siberian Tatars
1112:
1037:
1031:
1027:Iranian Kazakhs
1007:Khorasani Turks
979:
973:
946:
940:
883:Chinese Kazakhs
865:
859:
842:
841:Turkic peoples
836:
737:Bulgarian Turks
713:Abkhazian Turks
666:
638:Afghan Turkmens
620:
575:
566:Iranian Kazakhs
561:Chinese Kazakhs
544:
464:
459:
429:
428:
421:
405:
401:
389:
385:
378:
362:
358:
353:
349:
342:
328:
321:
314:
296:
289:
283:
269:
265:
260:
254:
249:
214:
196:in the ancient
186:
103:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1754:
1744:
1743:
1741:Turkic peoples
1738:
1733:
1728:
1711:
1710:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1620:
1618:
1614:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1589:Yenisei Kyrgyz
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1525:
1524:
1517:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1479:
1478:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1338:Finnish Tatars
1335:
1329:
1327:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1297:
1296:
1284:
1279:
1273:
1271:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1243:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1226:
1225:
1224:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1184:
1177:
1170:
1163:
1156:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1118:
1117:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1061:
1054:
1041:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
983:
981:
975:
974:
972:
971:
966:
961:
959:Crimean Tatars
956:
950:
948:
942:
941:
939:
938:
933:
932:
931:
919:
914:
909:
904:
902:Chinese Uzbeks
899:
898:
897:
888:Chinese Kyrgyz
885:
880:
878:Chinese Tatars
875:
869:
867:
861:
860:
858:
857:
852:
846:
844:
838:
837:
835:
834:
829:
827:Tunisian Turks
824:
819:
814:
812:Romanian Turks
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
782:Lebanese Turks
779:
774:
769:
764:
762:Egyptian Turks
759:
754:
749:
744:
742:Croatian Turks
739:
734:
729:
728:
727:
718:Algerian Turks
715:
710:
709:
708:
701:
694:
687:
674:
672:
668:
667:
665:
664:
659:
658:
657:
650:
649:
648:
628:
626:
622:
621:
619:
618:
613:
608:
603:
602:
601:
592:Chinese Kyrgyz
589:
583:
581:
577:
576:
574:
573:
568:
563:
558:
552:
550:
546:
545:
543:
542:
541:
540:
533:
532:
531:
517:
510:
509:
508:
501:
481:
479:
472:
466:
465:
462:Turkic peoples
458:
457:
450:
443:
435:
427:
426:
419:
399:
383:
376:
356:
347:
341:978-3447032742
340:
319:
312:
287:
282:0-521-2-4304-1
281:
262:
261:
259:
256:
251:Hudud al-'alam
247:
219:Hudud al-'alam
213:
210:
185:
182:
112:Hudud al-'alam
102:
99:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1753:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1708:territories).
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1677:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1641:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1522:
1518:
1515:
1511:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1476:
1472:
1471:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1409:Black Klobuks
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1325:(exc. Russia)
1318:
1312:
1311:Afghan Kyrgyz
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1294:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1264:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1236:
1230:
1227:
1222:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1196:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1182:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1168:
1167:Mishar Tatars
1164:
1161:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1115:
1111:
1110:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1055:
1052:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1034:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
984:
982:
976:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
951:
949:
943:
937:
934:
929:
925:
924:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
895:
891:
890:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
870:
868:
862:
856:
853:
851:
848:
847:
845:
843:in Uzbekistan
839:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
817:Serbian Turks
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
777:Kosovan Turks
775:
773:
772:Israeli Turks
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
752:Cypriot Turks
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
732:Bosnian Turks
730:
725:
721:
720:
719:
716:
714:
711:
706:
702:
699:
695:
692:
688:
685:
681:
680:
679:
676:
675:
673:
669:
663:
660:
655:
651:
646:
642:
641:
639:
635:
634:
633:
630:
629:
627:
623:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
606:Afghan Kyrgyz
604:
599:
595:
594:
593:
590:
588:
585:
584:
582:
578:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
553:
551:
547:
538:
534:
529:
525:
524:
522:
518:
515:
511:
506:
502:
499:
495:
494:
492:
488:
487:
486:
483:
482:
480:
476:
473:
471:
467:
463:
456:
451:
449:
444:
442:
437:
436:
433:
422:
420:9788120606708
416:
412:
411:
403:
397:
396:9985-4-4152-9
393:
387:
379:
373:
369:
368:
360:
351:
343:
337:
333:
326:
324:
315:
309:
305:
301:
294:
292:
284:
278:
274:
267:
263:
252:
246:
244:
240:
235:
231:
229:
223:
221:
220:
209:
207:
203:
199:
198:Common Turkic
195:
191:
188:According to
181:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
129:
125:
121:
116:
114:
113:
108:
98:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
51:Turkic people
48:
40:
36:
29:
22:
1598:
1348:Lipka Tatars
1221:Tozhu Tuvans
1181:Volga Tatars
894:Akto Turkmen
787:Libyan Turks
747:Cretan Turks
662:Akto Turkmen
611:Tajik Kyrgyz
598:Akto Turkmen
485:Azerbaijanis
409:
402:
386:
366:
359:
350:
331:
303:
272:
266:
250:
236:
232:
225:
217:
215:
205:
202:Peter Golden
193:
187:
144:, along the
132:
119:
117:
110:
104:
46:
34:
32:
21:Yağma, Seben
1569:Toquz Oghuz
1508:Oghuz Turks
1475:Sir-Kıvchak
1269:Afghanistan
1012:Qarai Turks
928:Tor Uyghurs
907:Fuyu Kyrgyz
855:Karakalpaks
724:Kouloughlis
528:Karapapakhs
107:Toquz Oghuz
87:Tarim Basin
1720:Categories
616:Van Kyrgyz
498:Shahsevans
258:References
154:Al Gardezi
71:Karakhanid
1643:Diasporas
1584:Xueyantuo
1574:Uriankhai
1521:Pechenegs
1514:Turkomans
1488:Kutrigurs
1160:Kryashens
1122:Kumandins
1103:Karachays
1083:Besermyan
1058:Telengits
964:Krymchaks
947:in Crimea
912:Ili Turks
505:Küresünni
190:Yury Zuev
184:Etymology
166:Tian Shan
146:Ili River
124:V.Bartold
91:Dzungaria
1694:Turkmens
1682:Turkmeni
1539:Saragurs
1483:Kurykans
1469:Kipchaks
1454:Keraites
1439:Göktürks
1429:Dughlats
1419:Dingling
1389:Berendei
1240:Mongolia
1210:Tofalars
1174:Nağaybäk
1078:Bashkirs
1065:Tubalars
1051:Chelkans
1045:Altaians
866:in China
698:Tahtacıs
691:Muhacirs
632:Turkmens
248:—
239:Kashghar
128:Il-khans
1726:Uyghurs
1706:Ottoman
1690:Iranian
1686:Afghani
1634:Mughals
1629:Hazaras
1579:Utigurs
1554:Türgesh
1529:Onogurs
1503:Nushibi
1498:Naimans
1459:Khazars
1449:Karluks
1404:Chigils
1399:Bulgars
1384:Barsils
1322:Europe
1301:Ansarlu
1247:Khotons
1205:Teleuts
1098:Dolgans
1093:Chuvash
1088:Chulyms
1073:Balkars
1017:Qashqai
1002:Khalajs
980:in Iran
922:Uyghurs
645:Ansarlu
556:Kazakhs
470:Peoples
243:Qïrghïz
170:Gardezi
162:Karluks
158:Uyghurs
150:Kashgar
142:Chigils
101:History
95:Jeti-su
83:Chinese
79:Persian
63:Chigils
59:Karluks
47:Yaghmas
39:Chinese
1702:Syrian
1624:Abdals
1617:Others
1604:Yabaku
1594:Yueban
1544:Shatuo
1534:Sabirs
1493:Merkit
1444:Kangly
1434:Esegel
1414:Cumans
1394:Bulaqs
1379:Basmyl
1343:Gagauz
1293:Timuri
1287:Aimaqs
1282:Afshar
1229:Yakuts
1215:Tuvans
1147:Tatars
1142:Soyots
1132:Nogais
1127:Kumyks
1114:Koibal
1108:Khakas
1038:Russia
992:Afshar
936:Yugurs
850:Uzbeks
705:Yörüks
587:Kyrgyz
417:
394:
374:
338:
310:
279:
174:Kimaks
138:Tukhsi
93:, and
81:, and
75:Arabic
61:, the
45:), or
41::
35:Yagmas
1698:Iraqi
1599:Yagma
1564:Torks
1559:Tuhsi
1549:Tiele
1464:Kimek
1424:Duolu
1257:Dukha
1137:Shors
969:Urums
917:Salar
684:Gajal
678:Turks
354:1, 85
228:Kucha
194:yağma
1700:and
1688:and
1369:Alat
873:Äynu
415:ISBN
392:ISBN
372:ISBN
336:ISBN
308:ISBN
277:ISBN
237:1.
206:yağ-
160:and
33:The
222::
1722::
1692:)
1684:,
1374:Az
322:^
302:.
290:^
89:,
77:,
43:樣磨
454:e
447:t
440:v
423:.
380:.
344:.
316:.
37:(
30:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.