56:
1273:"Formerly, the Yuezhi were defeated by the Xiongnu. They then moved to Daxia (Bactria) and divided up this kingdom between five xihou (‘Allied Princes’), which were those of Xiumi (Western Wakhān and Zibak), Shuangmi (Shughnān), Guishuang (Badakhshān and the adjoining territories north of the Oxus), Xidun (the region of Balkh), and Dumi (the region of Termez)." by John E. Hill.
1044:("g’u"), referred to the second-ranking of five hereditary noble ranks. Chinese sources do not make clear whether the title was a descriptive term used only in reference to foreign leaders, or whether it indicated an ally or subject of a Chinese empire;
726:
847:, and historical records name a number of independent states with "Yabgu" being the title of the supreme ruler. One prominent example was the Oguz Yabgu state in Middle Asia, which was formed after the fragmentation of the
719:
712:
809:
varied from economical and political subordination to superficial political deference. The title had also been borne by Turkic princes in the upper
1344:
1217:
1349:
1266:
1205:
1175:
1150:
31:
1051:
origin for both titles, "Yabgu" and "Shad". The rulers of some
Sogdian principalities are known to have title "
768:
760:
840:
defined the title Yabgu as "position two steps below Kagan", listing heir apparent Shad a step above Yabgu.
1270:
972:
700:
99:
921:
1282:
1248:
1242:
1118:
883:"to do, to carry out; to come nearer to help" and so might mean "the assistant (of the khagan)".
805:. The title carried autonomy in different degrees, and its links with the central authority of
358:
1161:
W. Barthold, "Four
Studies In History Of Central Asia", Leiden, E. J. Brill, 1962, Vol.1 p. 87
1308:
W. Barthold, "Four
Studies In History Of Central Asia", Leiden, E. J. Brill, 1962, Vol.1 p.10
820:
The position of Yabgu was traditionally given to the second highest member of a ruling clan (
655:
516:
477:
55:
1170:
Temporini, Hildegard; Haase, Wolfgang; "Aufstieg und
Niedergang der römischen Welt", 1972,
829:
8:
1200:
Klyashtorny S.G., Sultanov T.I., "States and peoples of
Eurasian steppe", PB, SPb, 2004,
860:
859:
which in the 766 occupied Suyab in the Jeti-su area, and eventually grew into a powerful
743:
1005:
837:
1322:
1201:
1171:
1146:
1075:
104:
94:
23:
1017:
990:
887:
348:
263:
843:
As the
Khaganate decentralized, the Yabgu gained more autonomous power within the
1131:
1085:
1009:
343:
144:
109:
1237:
798:
1338:
1090:
1080:
1040:
on ancient Turkic monuments. The second part of this compound
Chinese word,
929:
917:
909:
852:
833:
690:
568:
402:
368:
268:
194:
184:
79:
1095:
821:
640:
628:
598:
593:
511:
422:
308:
273:
253:
233:
164:
47:
39:
1326:
994:
925:
902:
814:
536:
417:
412:
363:
283:
159:
1261:
1062:
844:
467:
407:
199:
43:
948:, which means "gatherer of troops" or "troop-leader" and is from base
303:
16:
State office in the early Turkic states, roughly equivalent to viceroy
1058:
695:
680:
670:
521:
293:
278:
243:
35:
1145:
Golden P.B., "Khazar studies", Budapest, Vol. 2, 1980, pp. 188–190,
496:
1048:
665:
623:
579:
546:
541:
531:
462:
458:
442:
378:
353:
298:
154:
129:
89:
84:
1052:
961:
856:
848:
802:
675:
618:
588:
491:
397:
328:
238:
65:
437:
1141:
1139:
828:
himself. Frequently, Yabgu was a younger brother of the ruling
825:
806:
776:
685:
660:
645:
551:
427:
373:
318:
258:
223:
210:
169:
139:
114:
69:
1033:
871:
There are at least several proposals regarding the origin of
650:
603:
583:
563:
507:
486:
432:
393:
333:
323:
313:
288:
248:
189:
174:
134:
1136:
1284:
The
Western Regions according to the Hou Hanshu, Section 13
810:
613:
526:
482:
447:
389:
228:
218:
214:
149:
125:
74:
608:
472:
179:
985:
Others, such as Sims-Williams, considered that the word
754:
879:
Yabghu might be a derivation from native Turkic root *
832:, or a representative of the next generation, called
886:
Others suggest that the word is a derivation of the
32:Imperial, royal, noble, gentry and chivalric ranks
1336:
1189:An Introduction to the History of Turkic Peoples
1020:, with regard to Kushan and Turkic contexts, as
901:/j/ sound change happened late (e.g. not before
851:in the 740s. Another prominent example was the
1299:// ATIM, 2. Folge. StPb. 1899, pp. 48–50.
942:
934:
720:
1269:"初，月氏為匈奴所滅，遂遷於大夏，分其國為休密、雙靡、貴霜、駙頓、都密，凡五部翕侯。"
1319:Early Türks: Essays of history and ideology
1119:"𐰖𐰉𐰍𐰆 in "Ethno-Cultural Dictionary"
727:
713:
916:貴霜) political tradition, borrowed by the
908:It is believed by some scholars to be of
1113:
1111:
1337:
1297:Nachworte zur Inschrift des Tonjukuk
1108:
747:
1132:Encyclopaedia Iranica, 2007, p. 316
824:), with the first member being the
13:
1345:Positions of subnational authority
1321:, Almaty, Daik-Press, 2002, p.31,
1028:. It was equivalent to the title
960:"to bring together", cognate with
797:, was a state office in the early
14:
1361:
1265:"Vol. 88: Greater Yuezhi nation"
54:
1311:
1302:
1289:
1276:
1254:
1061:considered Yabgu to be a "true
1230:
1210:
1194:
1181:
1164:
1155:
1125:
801:states, roughly equivalent to
781:
772:
764:
1:
1218:"The Orbit of Afghan Studies"
1101:
1047:Another theory postulates a
1032:found on Kushan coins from
866:
755:
7:
1069:
10:
1366:
1220:in Hammond, Norman (ed.)
1187:Golden, Peter B. (1992)
1008:as 翕侯 or 翖侯 Conversely,
993:had been borrowed from
943:
935:
924:, and preserved by the
1350:Titles of the Göktürks
1216:Bailey, Harold (1978)
922:Indo-European language
849:Second Türkic Kaganate
1236:Bosworth, C. Edmund,
1249:Encyclopædia Iranica
1243:Encyclopædia Iranica
785:), also rendered as
769:traditional Chinese
701:Mostowfi ol-Mamalek
359:Prince of the Sa'id
1006:Chinese characters
855:, the head of the
761:simplified Chinese
1076:Oghuz Yabgu State
753:
737:
736:
95:Sultan of Sultans
1357:
1329:
1315:
1309:
1306:
1300:
1293:
1287:
1280:
1274:
1258:
1252:
1234:
1228:
1214:
1208:
1198:
1192:
1185:
1179:
1168:
1162:
1159:
1153:
1143:
1134:
1129:
1123:
1115:
1018:literary Chinese
1016:was transcribed
991:Turkic languages
978:"companion" and
946:
938:
905:(561 - 618 CE)).
861:Karakhanid state
836:(blood prince).
783:
774:
766:
758:
752:romanized:
751:
749:
729:
722:
715:
58:
19:
18:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1355:
1354:
1335:
1334:
1333:
1332:
1316:
1312:
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1277:
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1195:
1186:
1182:
1169:
1165:
1160:
1156:
1144:
1137:
1130:
1126:
1116:
1109:
1104:
1086:Tokhara Yabghus
1072:
1012:suggested that
1010:Friedrich Hirth
928:. For example,
893:; however, the
869:
838:Mahmud Kashgari
813:region in post-
733:
110:Maharajadhiraja
17:
12:
11:
5:
1363:
1353:
1352:
1347:
1331:
1330:
1310:
1301:
1288:
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1222:Afghan Studies
1209:
1193:
1180:
1163:
1154:
1135:
1124:
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1103:
1100:
1099:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1056:
1045:
1004:, rendered in
983:
932:reconstructs *
906:
884:
868:
865:
735:
734:
732:
731:
724:
717:
709:
706:
705:
704:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
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658:
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643:
639:Governmental:
634:
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574:
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566:
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120:
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60:
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51:
50:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1362:
1351:
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1346:
1343:
1342:
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1328:
1324:
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1305:
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1233:
1226:
1223:
1219:
1213:
1207:
1206:5-85803-255-9
1203:
1197:
1190:
1184:
1177:
1176:3-11-001885-3
1173:
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1158:
1152:
1151:963-05-1548-2
1148:
1142:
1140:
1133:
1128:
1122:
1114:
1112:
1107:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1091:Shad (prince)
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1081:Karluk Yabghu
1079:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1064:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
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1011:
1007:
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996:
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988:
984:
981:
977:
974:
970:
966:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
945:
939:
937:
931:
930:Harold Bailey
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
904:
900:
896:
892:
889:
885:
882:
878:
877:
876:
874:
864:
862:
858:
854:
853:Karluk Yabghu
850:
846:
841:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
818:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
778:
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567:
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562:Royal house:
561:
560:
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528:
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436:
434:
431:
429:
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421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
403:Dewan Bahadur
401:
399:
395:
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388:
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209:
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201:
198:
196:
195:Amir al-umara
193:
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183:
181:
178:
176:
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171:
168:
166:
163:
161:
158:
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127:
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111:
108:
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98:
96:
93:
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88:
86:
83:
81:
80:King of Kings
78:
76:
73:
71:
67:
64:
63:
62:
61:
57:
53:
52:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
30:
29:
25:
21:
20:
1318:
1317:Zuev Yu.A.,
1313:
1304:
1296:
1291:
1283:
1278:
1260:
1256:
1247:
1241:
1232:
1224:
1221:
1212:
1196:
1188:
1183:
1166:
1157:
1127:
1120:
1096:Hephthalites
1041:
1037:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1013:
1001:
997:
986:
979:
975:
968:
964:
957:
953:
949:
941:
933:
913:
898:
894:
890:
888:early Turkic
880:
872:
870:
842:
819:
794:
790:
786:
780:
739:
738:
423:Khan Bahadur
338:
48:North Africa
1271:translation
1238:""Jabğuya""
1121:Türik Bitig
995:Old Chinese
926:Hephtalites
815:Hephthalite
537:Saranjamdar
418:Rai Bahadur
413:Rao Bahadur
284:Chhatrapati
160:Shirvanshah
100:Chakravarti
1339:Categories
1262:Hou Hanshu
1102:References
1036:, and the
973:Old Indian
914:Guishuang
912:(Chinese:
903:Sui period
845:suzerainty
744:Old Turkic
468:Khan Sahib
408:Sancak bey
200:Khagan Bek
75:Shahanshah
44:South Asia
1295:Hirth F.
1063:Tocharian
1059:Yury Zuev
1022:*xiap-g’u
965:yavayeiti
867:Etymology
696:Chowdhury
681:Lambardar
671:Hazinedar
522:Hazinedar
294:Nawabzada
279:Sahibzada
244:Beylerbey
1327:52662897
1191:. p. 155
1070:See also
1065:" title.
998:i̯əp-g’u
982:"group";
920:from an
918:Göktürks
748:𐰖𐰉𐰍𐰆
666:Hawladar
624:al-Dawla
580:Nobleman
547:Tarafdar
542:Taluqdar
532:Jagirdar
463:Zamindar
459:Viscount
443:Sparapet
379:Baghatur
354:Vali Ahd
349:Shahzada
274:Rajkumar
155:Shahbanu
130:Maharaja
90:Banbishn
85:Padishah
24:a series
22:Part of
1053:Ikhshid
1049:Sogdian
962:Avestan
897:/ð/ to
857:Karluks
817:times.
803:viceroy
676:Faujdar
619:Begzada
589:Mankari
569:Gurkani
492:Begzada
398:Mankari
344:Ishkhan
329:Khedive
304:Şehzade
239:Ikhshid
145:Sultana
66:Emperor
40:Central
1325:
1227:. p. 3
1204:
1174:
1149:
1117:Entry
1030:yavugo
980:yūthá-
956:, and
944:yāvuka
936:yavuka
910:Kushan
822:Ashina
807:Khagan
799:Turkic
791:Djabgu
779::
777:pinyin
771::
763::
740:Yabghu
686:Mridha
661:Haldar
646:Vizier
552:Sikdar
497:Uç bey
428:Atabeg
374:Khanum
339:Yabghu
319:Murzin
299:Yuvraj
264:Mandal
259:Sardar
224:Sheikh
211:Prince
170:Khatun
140:Sultan
115:Khagan
105:Samrat
70:Caliph
1038:yabgu
1034:Kabul
1026:xīhóu
1024:>
1014:yabgu
1002:xīhóu
1000:>
987:yabgu
891:davgu
873:yabgu
830:Kagan
826:Kagan
795:Yabgu
787:Jabgu
756:yabγu
691:Nayak
651:Dewan
604:Pasha
599:Mirza
584:Jenmi
564:Damat
508:Baron
487:Begum
433:Boila
394:Count
334:Nizam
324:Tegin
314:Morza
309:Mirza
289:Nawab
269:Patil
249:Pasha
190:Nawab
185:Nizam
175:Hatun
135:Malik
1323:OCLC
1267:text
1202:ISBN
1172:ISBN
1147:ISBN
971:and
969:yūta
950:yau-
881:yap-
834:Shad
811:Oxus
782:Yèhù
656:Agha
641:Lala
629:Bibi
614:Baig
594:Mian
527:Rais
517:Agha
512:Lala
483:Baig
478:Kadi
448:Azat
438:Wāli
390:Earl
369:Shad
254:Babu
234:Rana
229:Raja
219:Emir
215:Duke
165:Khan
150:Shah
126:King
46:and
36:West
1246:in
1240:at
1042:hou
989:in
976:yú-
958:yu-
954:yū-
940:~ *
793:or
609:Bey
485:or
473:Bey
392:or
364:Mir
213:or
180:Dey
34:in
1341::
1138:^
1110:^
1055:";
967:,
952:,
875::
863:.
789:,
775:;
773:葉護
767:;
765:叶护
759:,
750:,
746::
582::
510::
461::
396::
217::
128::
68::
42:,
38:,
26:on
1225:1
1178:.
899:y
895:d
742:(
728:e
721:t
714:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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