19:
43:
who were the king's daughters and sisters, and also by the consorts of the
Sasanian princes that ruled parts of the country as governors. The full version of the title was
115:
210:), which displays that royal women could occupy political offices in the management of the country. Marriage was not restricted to Iranian women only−
444:
367:
454:
439:
405:
249:
424:
245:
395:
434:
126:("Queen of Queens"), which matched the title of shahanshah ("King of Kings"). Other titles related to
351:
147:
429:
449:
397:
The
Persian Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia [2 volumes]: A Historical Encyclopedia
8:
401:
363:
163:
81:
89:
70:
18:
382:
355:
40:
378:
36:
418:
237:
170:
23:
264:
189:
135:
119:
58:
226:
274:), both daughters of Khosrow II, ruled the empire for a brief period.
362:. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 678–679.
185:
211:
143:
200:
303:
301:
299:
297:
241:
159:
151:
184:, temporarily ruled as regent of the empire from its capital,
26:
of a queen and king seated on a throne, possibly at a wedding.
253:
222:
188:
during the dynastic struggle for the throne between her sons
181:
294:
110:
65:
is not found in any source, it was most likely spelled
39:
title meaning "queen", and was held by royal women in
330:
328:
118:, being held by a certain Denak. Shapur I's daughter
360:
Encyclopædia
Iranica, Volume III/7: Banān–Bardesanes
325:
313:
134:("Queen of the empire"), held by Shapur I's wife
416:
114:(king). The title is first attested in 262/3 in
116:Shapur I's inscription at the Ka'ba-ye Zartosht
281:which is the Manichean Middle Persian form of
277:The title was used also in Parthian texts as
349:
307:
76:("mistress"), which is from Old Iranian
17:
376:
334:
162:"), held by another Denak, the wife of
80:. The word was later absorbed into the
417:
387:Encyclopædia Iranica, Online Edition
393:
319:
13:
389:. Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation.
14:
466:
445:Government of the Sasanian Empire
379:"WOMEN i. In Pre-Islamic Persia"
269:
258:
231:
225:princess named Sapinud, whilst
216:
205:
194:
175:
240:women of non-Iranian descent,
104:In the Sasanian inscriptions,
1:
288:
250:Sasanian civil war of 628–632
261: 629–630, 631–632
108:is the female equivalent of
52:
7:
10:
471:
343:
99:
455:Persian words and phrases
440:Sogdian words and phrases
221:) reportedly married an
425:Sasanian queens consort
377:Brosius, Maria (2000).
350:Sundermann, W. (1988).
252:, two Sasanian queens,
92:version of the word is
84:, where it was spelled
27:
394:Kia, Mehrdad (2016).
49:("Queen of Queens").
21:
310:, pp. 678–679.
124:bānbishnān bānbishn
46:bānbishnān bānbishn
122:held the title of
28:
435:Titles in Armenia
369:978-0-71009-119-2
164:Shapur Meshanshah
82:Armenian language
462:
411:
390:
383:Yarshater, Ehsan
373:
356:Yarshater, Ehsan
338:
332:
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317:
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305:
273:
271:
262:
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235:
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179:
177:
22:6th–7th century
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370:
346:
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333:
326:
318:
314:
308:Sundermann 1988
306:
295:
291:
268:
257:
230:
215:
204:
193:
174:
156:Meshan banbishn
142:("Queen of the
102:
69:, matching the
55:
12:
11:
5:
468:
458:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
430:Titles in Iran
427:
413:
412:
407:978-1610693912
406:
391:
374:
368:
345:
342:
340:
339:
324:
322:, p. 248.
312:
292:
290:
287:
272: 630–631
236:) married two
234: 591–628
219: 420–438
208: 459–484
197: 457–459
178: 438–457
150:, the wife of
140:sagan banbishn
132:shahr banbishn
101:
98:
54:
51:
37:Middle Persian
24:Sasanian plate
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
467:
456:
453:
451:
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266:
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251:
248:. During the
247:
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228:
224:
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202:
191:
187:
183:
172:
167:
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161:
157:
153:
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148:Shapurdukhtak
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
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117:
113:
112:
107:
97:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
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68:
64:
60:
57:Although the
50:
48:
47:
42:
41:Sasanian Iran
38:
34:
33:
25:
20:
16:
450:Royal titles
400:. ABC-CLIO.
396:
386:
359:
335:Brosius 2000
315:
282:
278:
276:
212:Bahram V Gor
171:Yazdegerd II
169:The wife of
168:
155:
139:
131:
127:
123:
109:
105:
103:
93:
85:
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74:dəmąnō.paθnī
73:
66:
62:
56:
45:
44:
31:
30:
29:
15:
265:Azarmidokht
190:Hormizd III
158:("Queen of
146:") held by
136:Khwarranzem
120:Adur-Anahid
78:dmāna-paθnī
67:māna-pashnī
59:Old Persian
419:Categories
289:References
227:Khosrow II
352:"BĀNBIŠN"
238:Christian
186:Ctesiphon
53:Etymology
320:Kia 2016
283:bānbishn
128:banbishn
106:banbishn
94:bāmbusht
86:bambishn
63:bānbishn
61:form of
32:Bānbishn
385:(ed.).
358:(ed.).
344:Sources
279:bʾnbyšn
201:Peroz I
100:History
90:Sogdian
71:Avestan
404:
366:
263:) and
242:Shirin
223:Indian
199:) and
160:Meshan
154:; and
152:Narseh
130:were;
88:. The
35:was a
381:. In
354:. In
254:Boran
246:Maria
182:Denag
144:Sakas
402:ISBN
364:ISBN
244:and
111:shah
180:),
166:.
421::
327:^
296:^
285:.
270:r.
259:r.
232:r.
217:r.
206:r.
195:r.
176:r.
138:;
96:.
410:.
372:.
337:.
267:(
256:(
229:(
214:(
203:(
192:(
173:(
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