159:, and demons all engage in meditative practices and the consumption of rare substances or creatures to improve their skills or to augment their power. Action tends to take place across multiple realms, the number of which depends on the author or the world in question, but this usually includes the immortal plane, the mortal realm, and in the underworld. The xianxia genre also tends to feature the existence of magical creatures who do not belong to either the yao (妖) or mo (魔) category, as well as supernatural artefacts capable of upending the status quo.
144:(魔) (i.e. demon tribe) or similar category of beings. Persons in the xianxia genre manifest talents or abilities such as flight, teleportation, telekinesis, materializing objects and force fields, creating and manipulating energy, etc. akin to other fantasy genres.
409:, with sites such as Qidian.com, Zongheng.com, and 17k.com giving a platform for authors to reach wide audiences with high-volume, serialized content. It was popularized outside of China primarily by fan translations in the early 2000s. Novels such as
693:; 'martial hero') genre, and the two share many similarities – both being set in a quasi-historical ancient China, featuring larger-than-life human protagonists, and struggles between
800:; 'strange fantasy' or 'exotic fantasy') are Chinese works set in a more explicitly Western-style fantasy setting, although generally keeping a Chinese mythological influence.
1148:
476:. Along the way, they attain eternal life, supernatural powers, and incredible levels of strength. The fictional theme of cultivation or immortal arts practice in
263:', but specifically implies a person who is brave, chivalrous, righteous and defiant. The character was originally used as one of the characters in the word
790:; 'mysterious fantasy') generally refers to high-magic fantasy works that dispense with Taoist elements and have a less realistic setting; and
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of the often contain action themes and are one of the most popular genres among male readers. Such as the Web Novel then adapted to
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952:
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The stories usually revolve around the adventure/growth of a magical practitioner or a mortal person who gets entangled in
1311:"Xiuzhen (Immortality Cultivation) Fantasy: Science, Religion, and the Novels of Magic/Superstition in Contemporary China"
840:
576:
511:
There are novels with stories featuring female cultivators gaining popularity that could be popular with female readers.
320:
1645:
1380:"Discovering the digital Stephen Chow: The transborder influence of Chow's films on the Chinese Internet in the 2010s"
538:
132:) already possessing such powers to varying degrees. Antagonists have similar powers, and often belong to either the
812:
novels have become more popular worldwide, other genres have been influenced by it, such as
Progression Fantasy and
1724:
917:
562:
and alternatives to what is seen as a stagnant world order brought about by magic and/or religious organizations.
737:, by contrast, is grounded in the human world with few supernatural elements and mainly emphasizes martial arts,
1523:
Rauscher, Andreas (2013). "Strange
Hybrids from a Hong Kong Studio". In Ritzer, Ivo; Schulze, Peter W. (eds.).
36:
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generally has much more metaphysical themes. The genre has a heavier focus on spiritual growth and mastery of
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Protagonists are often cultivators of immortality and supernatural powers, or else are transcendent beings
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led to a boom in such fan translations. This genre is also a staple of
Chinese television shows, films,
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and Andrew Rowe who have written Cradle and Arcane
Ascension, which draw on common themes found in
636:. It is worth noting these notable dramas are adapted from popular novels published on the website
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22:
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genre was inspired by the popularity and several other elements, including powers gained from
1527:. Marburger Schriften zur Medienforschung. Vol. 44. Marburg: Schüren. pp. 265–266.
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Some of the most popular and successful
Chinese TV series in recent times are of the
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Understanding
Chinese Fantasy Genres: A primer for wuxia, xianxia, and xuanhuan
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646:). In addition, there are also dramas adapted from popular video games such as
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genre also includes the popular subgenre known as "cultivation" or "training" (
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In these stories protagonists are usually "cultivators" or "practitioners" (
405:'. In the 21st century, this subgenre became popular with the advent of
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Overall, television shows are more numerous than films when it comes to
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legends, that can be one or more of these things: a powerful spirit, a
1557:"Popularity and Future of Xianxia Fantasy Dramas Assessed at TV Forum"
772:), which generally refers high fantasy works that focuses more on
760:
Other variants of similar
Chinese high fantasy exist as well, such as
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There are many ancient
Chinese texts that could be classified as
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source material has led to increased exposure and anticipation.
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1354:"The Chinese E-Publishers Making an Epic Journey to the West"
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is heavily based on the real-life meditation practice of
1274:"Donghua Chinese Animation to Watch First on Funimation"
327:", other Chinese mythological elements and tropes, and
282:
1201:
1195:
1187:
1194:– ancient Chinese-style costume, typically used in
780:and other supernatural beings rather than humans;
147:Concepts from traditional Chinese thought such as
671:
547:that sparked the modern popularity of the genre.
1711:
1420:"A Record of a Mortal's Journey to Immortality"
544:Legend of the Swordsmen of the Mountains of Shu
1689:"Progression Fantasy – A New Subgenre Concept"
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1663:"Xianxia: Your Guide to Cultivation Fantasy"
470:) who seek to become immortal beings called
1563:. Shanghai Television Festival. 9 June 2016
1164:A Record Of Mortal's Journey To Immortality
503:A Record Of Mortal's Journey To Immortality
64:
1525:Genre Hybridisation: Global Cinematic Flow
1237:
1395:
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580:, which was followed up by the 2001 film
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570:Perhaps one of the earliest successful
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155:feature in this genre—gods, immortals,
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303:affairs, and include elements such as
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827:
558:novels have discussed topics such as
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1601:"2023第一仙侠《长月烬明》屡破纪录，优酷"仙侠剧第一厂牌"实至名归"
1377:
1304:
1302:
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275:to make it apparent that the modern
259:is usually translated as 'hero' or '
1635:
1351:
1272:Nguyen, Deanna (13 December 2021).
841:Zu Warriors from the Magic Mountain
577:Zu Warriors from the Magic Mountain
537:novels were popularized during the
239:), and/or someone who has obtained
73:heroes') is a genre of Chinese
13:
1308:
574:films was the 1983 Hong Kong film
541:period, but it was the 1932 novel
294:
81:and influenced by philosophies of
14:
1741:
1687:Rowe, Andrew (26 February 2019).
1295:
664:. The already existing fandom of
1149:Apotheosis: Ascension To Godhood
918:The Sorcerer and the White Snake
269:and was transferred to the word
251:to become a transcendent being.
105:, other traditional elements of
1680:
1654:
1629:
1611:
1593:
1589:(in Chinese). 10 February 2017.
1575:
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1516:
1512:(in Chinese). 2 September 2018.
1506:"《蜀山剑侠传》民国第一仙侠小说，金庸、古龙、萧鼎的启蒙老师"
1498:
1494:(in Chinese). 26 February 2021.
1488:"没读《山海经》之前，我天真地以为它可能是一本讲山和海的小说"
1378:Chew, Matthew Ming-tak (2020).
1480:
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1352:Yin, Yijun (15 October 2019).
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697:. The main difference is that
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672:Relationship with other genres
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138:(妖) tribe (i.e. fae tribe) or
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40:
1:
1309:Ni, Zhange (2 January 2020).
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1094:The Legend of Sword and Fairy
904:Chinese Paladin 3 (TV series)
803:
550:In the 2010s and 2020s, many
526:Classic of Mountains and Seas
373:; 'training to reach the
1661:Salao, Cole (20 July 2021).
1470:"Xianxia Female Protagonist"
1030:Love Between Fairy and Devil
862:Demoness from Thousand Years
816:, including authors such as
627:Love Between Fairy and Devil
401:; 'training to become a
162:
95:traditional Chinese medicine
7:
1640:. Independently published.
1625:(in Chinese). 7 April 2018.
1619:"仙侠剧《仙剑奇侠传三》好看吗？主演胡歌的演技如何呢"
1607:(in Chinese). 9 April 2023.
1248:"General Glossary of Terms"
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1583:"随着《三生三世十里桃花》的爆火，他们也红了！"
1397:10.1177/2059436420928058
1051:Till The End Of The Moon
855:A Chinese Ghost Story II
638:Jinjiang Literature City
633:Till The End Of The Moon
437:(animation), and games.
423:I Shall Seal the Heavens
23:Xianxia (disambiguation)
1725:Chinese literary genres
960:Legend of the Demon Cat
723:, and interaction with
411:Stellar Transformations
173:The characters forming
1384:Global Media and China
1009:Love of Thousand Years
387:; 'training as an
1219:– a similar genre in
1002:Eternal Love of Dream
932:The Journey of Flower
848:A Chinese Ghost Story
609:The Journey of Flower
531:Warring States period
99:Chinese folk religion
16:Chinese fantasy genre
1636:Bai, Jeremy (2020).
1065:Love You Seven Times
566:Films and television
217:, particularly from
91:Chinese martial arts
77:heavily inspired by
21:For other uses, see
1328:10.3390/rel11010025
1016:Love and Redemption
833:Film and television
725:legendary creatures
37:traditional Chinese
1476:. 3 December 2023.
1224:fantasy literature
1178:Chinese philosophy
1023:The Yinyang Master
828:In popular culture
321:mythical creatures
305:gods and immortals
47:simplified Chinese
1542:978-3-89472-863-2
1226:and derived works
1217:Sword and sorcery
1183:Chinese mythology
1136:Reverend Insanity
1129:Beware of Chicken
939:Noble Aspirations
925:Swords of Legends
876:An Eternal Combat
739:personal vendetta
709:eternal existence
661:Swords of Legends
655:Chinese Paladin 3
539:Republic of China
419:Martial God Asura
407:online publishing
285:manipulation, of
243:or extraordinary
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79:Chinese mythology
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1696:. Retrieved
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1670:. Retrieved
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1565:. Retrieved
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