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541:. On hearing that the robbers were departing the woman managed to escape only to be caught by two members of the gang who had stayed behind to guard the retreat of the others, and was once more assaulted, bound and locked up in the cellar. Even though the victim freed herself again and managed to alert neighbours of the robbery, the ordeal seemed to have been too much for her so that she died three months later. In the autumn of 1818 the gang perpetrated a robbery which was later called the "Theft of the Ox in Boots". A farmer had harnessed an ox and a horse to his cart and left them at the edge of a forest whilst trying to retrieve wood from the forest. Hohenleiter and Merkle, noticing the unguarded
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637:), together with some of the women of his gang. Hohenleiter was locked up in a cell with a suspect from another band of robbers. Both were bound up in heavy chains. The chains led through a hole in the wall to a chimney upon which they were securely fastened. Four of Hohenleiter's companions managed to escape from captivity only to be caught after four weeks on the run near
618:
Later on, the foresters surprised the gang, who were having a meal in the forest, and, after some shots were fired, arrested most of them whilst some managed to flee, only to be arrested by a Baden patrol three days later who incarcerated the lot of them. Only Joseph Anton Jung (The Pedlar) managed to escape and joined the "Rosenberger-Gang".
617:
changed tactics and laid an ambush at the mill in order to catch
Hohenleiter and his gang. On 16 April 1819, Veri and his gang attempted another robbery at the mill during which they were caught in the act by the foresters. The criminals first escaped into the woods but were pursued by the foresters.
713:) was sentenced to six months imprisonment, whereas the other women of the gang received jail sentences between two and three and a half years. Franz Merkle (Weaver Franz) was not apprehended until 1823 and in 1825 he was sentenced to three and a half years imprisonment, which he was to spend in a
520:
in order to steal money from an old widow who was rumoured to be in the possession of 500 guldens. They threatened the woman to shoot her if she would not surrender the money. This having no effect they began to torture the victim by cutting first her clothes with a knife and then beating her up
166:
of smaller formerly independent territories, which in some cases changed hands several times before being incorporated into larger entities (the
Kingdom of WĂŒrttemberg, the Grand Duchy of Baden, the Kingdom of Bavaria, the Principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen and the Principality of
704:
jail, formerly a nunnery, due to his illness. The remaining accused were sentenced in March 1824. Joseph Anton Jung (The Pedlar) and
Fidelis Sohm (One-eyed Fidele) both received a life sentence. Joseph Anton Jung received a royal pardon in 1842 and died in Ellwangen (now part of
667:
was entirely burnt. The inner side of his right upper arm was torn up and the skin from his elbow down to his hand had completely disappeared. An investigation, consequently carried out to determine the cause of death of the arrestant, concluded that lightning first struck the
709:) in 1878. Michael Friedrich Ludwig Klump (Handsome Fritz) was sent to jail for 18 years. He died in prison in 1827. Sebastian Kellerman (Baste) was also sentenced to 18 years. Christian Maucher (the BuĂmannshausen Tailor) went down for four years. Ottilia Hunsinger (
772:("The Black Xaver. A True Robber's Story from Napoleonic Times") was published in 1995 by Elke Knittel. The book retells the legends surrounding the robber, utilising the original files of the investigation as well as surviving court records.
676:, toppled the chimney and went down the chimney chase, shattering the fireplaces on the top and third floor without harming any of the inmates imprisoned there. However, it struck Hohenleiter with full force, the iron chain functioning as a
609:, a mill near Ostrach, had been plagued six times by Hohenleiter and his gang. Each time they were trying a break-in in order to get provisioned with food. After unsuccessfully trying to prevent burglaries by patrolling the area,
211:. As a child Franz Xaver Hohenleiter worked as a shepherd boy but managed to get one winter of schooling where he learned to read printed texts, although with difficulties, and write his own name. In 1813, he signed up with the
247:
Xaver
Hohenleiter is reported to have been over six feet tall. His body was muscular, and his posture and gait revealed the former soldier. His face was sun-tanned and he had very white teeth. His face was engulfed by thick
663:, having been struck by lightning. When his body was carried outside, his clothes caught fire. Any attempts to revive him proved futile as his injuries were too severe. The right side of his chest down to his
488:'s house. However, they were disturbed and left without any loot. During 1818 they committed several burglaries in the hamlets of Unterweiler and Waldbeuren, both in the vicinity of Ostrach, as well as in
306:, 17 years old at the time of his arrest, had previously been a member of the Rosenberg-Gang, also active in Upper Swabia during the same period, and was partner to Agatha Gebhard, whose nickname was
290:
Xaver
Hohenleiter was the leader of a gang of outlaws whose number fluctuated over time. Its core, however, consisted of a number of persons, both male and female: Maria Josepha Tochtermann, called
1501:
545:, untied the ox and, after having led it away some distance, pulled boots over the hooves of the animal not to leave any traces behind. In 1819 the gang committed several more burglaries at
659:
struck the
Ehingen Tower and when the doors of the prison were opened, thick smoke billowed out of the cell where Hohenleiter was held and Xaver Hohenleiter was found lying dead on his
469:, their loot mostly consisting of food, animals, money and clothes. After committing crimes, Hohenleiter and his companions retreated into the dense woods where they had a base near
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512:. During this robbery firearms were used to scare off the farmer who wanted to intervene and prevent the loss of his pig. A few days later the gang raided an isolated farm,
700:
in custody in 1820, being 19 years of age. On 8 May 1821 Fidele
Gindele (The Red Butcher) also died of tuberculosis, whilst awaiting trial. He had been transferred to
633:, then in the possession of the city), which had iron-barred windows on the ground floor. Xaver Hohenleiter, however, was incarcerated in the Ehingen Tower (
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417:
Various other vagrants were part of the gang, each for a short period of time before relocating, getting arrested or joining other criminal gangs.
162:
resulted in the uprooting of a large number of people, mostly peasants. Combined with the reorganisation of
Southern Germany's political map, the
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794:
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553:, where they managed to steal goods to the value of 140 guldens: five hundredweights of meat, flour, lard and a tin plate. During a burglary in
841:
521:
whereupon the woman fainted. The gang then proceeded to clear the house of all moveable and easily to carry items, mostly food, brandy,
223:, knowing that Austria would not extradite deserters. During the following years he led a restless life. He wandered about in Austria,
1481:
207:. His father had been a soldier and became a herder after getting married. The family had a bad reputation and had been convicted of
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573:
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Investigations by the authorities commenced in May 1819 and lasted until 1821. Xaver
Hohenleiter, however, never stood trial.
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342:(GĂŒnzburg Creszenz), sister of Maria Josepha Tochtermann, formed another couple within the gang. She was also part of the
621:
The arrested persons were taken to
Biberach and imprisoned at various locations within the city. Some were held at the
476:
The first reported incident attributed to Hohenleiter and his gang was the torching of a mill close to the village of
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1355:
1337:
1319:
645:. Franz Merkle remained a fugitive from the law for some considerable time and was only arrested in 1823 in Baden.
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358:(The Dirty Mother), mother of Agatha, Agnes and Crescentia Gebhard. Other members of the gang were Fidelis Sohm,
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725:
on the matter of an investigation against Merkle who stood accused of criminal acts at the court in Constance.
1375:
Aus der RÀuber- und Franzosenzeit Schwabens. Die Erinnerungen des schwÀbischen Malers aus den Jahren 1780-1840
387:
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and a pair of boots. This summary is not exhaustive and only exemplary of the criminal acts perpetrated by
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Der schwarze Veri und die letzten RĂ€uberbanden Oberschwabens. Ein Sittenbild aus dem 18./19. Jahrhunderts
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103:
Kingdom of WĂŒrttemberg, Hohenzollern Province and part of the Grand Duchy of Baden in the 19th century
821:
began to evolve. These legends were akin to other legends about notorious criminals by using similar
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139:
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717:. After his release, he seemed to have been unable to stay out of trouble since court records from
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354:(Dirty Agnes), the first girl-friend of Ulrich Hohenleiter, as well as Katharina Gebhard, called
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88:
Schwarze Veri, Schwarzen-Veere, Schwarzer Vere, Schwarze Vere, Schwaaz Vere, Schwarz Vere, Vere
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Webpage detailing the career of "Schwarze Veri" and other Upper Swabian outlaws of the time
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60:
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of Xaver Hohenleiter. Together they had a son. Xaver Hohenleiter's brother Ulrich, called
8:
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2007:
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Commemorative pole near Ostrach at the place where Hohenleiter and his gang were arrested
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171:), led to a period of unstable administration of these territories. Furthermore, the
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334:), due to his parents having been travelling merchants from what was to become the
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366:(Weaver Franz), born in 1797 in Bellershausen, now part of the municipality of
295:
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only to desert after eight days, when he moved into territory controlled by the
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show that the court there asked for the assistance of the WĂŒrttemberg court in
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Tower of the Ehingen Gate in Biberach; place where Hohenleiter was held captive
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and was associated with Theresia Jeppler, born in the Austrian coastal city of
116:
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1217:
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and bread worth 39 guldens. In 1818 the gang also stole a pig, weighing three
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1303:
Die Spitzbubenchronik. OberschwÀbische RÀuberbanden: Wahrheit und Legende
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276:
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1937:
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549:, where the booty was 4 hundredweights of meat worth 53 guldens, and at
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1923:
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825:, and as late as the beginning of the twentieth century the figure of
770:
Der schwarze Veri. Eine wahre RĂ€ubergeschichte aus napoleonischer Zeit
638:
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on 18 December 1817. The same night they also attempted to burgle the
294:(GĂŒnzburg Sephe), born at Eppishofen, now part of the municipality of
30:
2235:
1993:
1783:
1538:
1348:
Deutschland im Wandel. Geschichte der deutschen Bevölkerung seit 1815
714:
681:
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554:
529:, worth more than 400 guldens. Of actual money they only found three
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249:
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1825:
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1517:
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138:, he was active between 1817 and 1819 in the border regions of the
1965:
1720:
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1330:
Im wilden SĂŒdwesten. Die RĂ€uberbanden zwischen Neckar und Bodensee
1283:
680:. The body of Xaver Hohenleiter was buried in the cemetery of the
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99:
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1902:
1881:
1832:
1818:
1762:
1671:
1545:
1411:
Mythos Gegengesellschaft. Erkundungen in der Subkultur der Jauner
1391:
Pröve, Ralf (2010), Kroener, Bernhard R.; StrauĂ, Angela (eds.),
522:
470:
442:
410:), born in 1788 in Ergetsweiler, now part of the municipality of
407:
367:
331:
323:
319:
265:
232:
204:
135:
128:
733:
Xaver Hohenleiter and his gang were the last representatives of
533:
and two guldens. The victim was then bound and shoved through a
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2396:
2326:
2256:
2144:
2053:
1951:
1811:
1741:
1692:
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485:
433:
The crimes perpetrated by Hohenleiter and his gang were mostly
383:
379:
253:
192:
1384:
Die letzten RĂ€uberbanden in Oberschwaben in den Jahren 1818-19
492:, robbing the meat of a whole pig, clothes to the value of 10
2095:
1972:
1629:
526:
450:
434:
257:
208:
131:
113:
Schwarze Veri, Schwarzen-Veere, Schwarzer Vere, Schwarze Vere
852:
Today it is one of the largest of its kind in Upper Swabia.
763:
Angeklopft das Wetter unter Sturm, zu Biberach am SĂŒnderturm
473:, and occasionally resurfaced at disreputable country inns.
664:
557:
the gang's booty was 15 pounds of cheese, bread, brandy, a
501:
454:
722:
158:
The period towards the end of and immediately after the
310:(Black Agatha). She was part of a trio of women called
1429:
Schurke oder Held? Historische RĂ€uber und RĂ€uberbanden
1314:(in German), Konstanz: UniversitÀt-Verlag-Konstanzg,
737:
in Upper Swabia, so widespread and common during the
386:
from BuĂmannshausen (now part of the municipality of
179:, begging, robbery and the first wave of large scale
687:
684:
on 21 July 1819. The grave has since been levelled.
1373:Pflug, Johann Baptist (1966), Zengerle, Max (ed.),
346:(Dirty Party) as was Crescentia Gebhard, nicknamed
1393:Lebenswelten. MilitÀrische Milieus in der Neuzeit
1284:Webpage of the Schwarze Veri Carnival Association
191:Franz Xaver Hohenleiter was born to impoverished
175:in 1816 caused famine and an increase in unrest,
2530:
1431:(in German), Karlsruhe: Badisches Landesmuseum,
1327:
848:decided to name itself after the famous robber:
429:Hohenleiter and his gang by Johann Baptist Pflug
195:in Rommelsried, now part of the municipality of
314:(Dirty Party). Michael Friedrich Ludwig Klump,
1305:(in German), Ravensburg: Pharma-Kontakt-Verlag
1475:
1408:
625:, whereas others were taken to the so-called
350:(Dirty Crescentia) and Agnes Gebhard, called
256:. His hair was pitch black, dangling down in
1426:
264:(Black Xaver). He also wore finely engraved
394:(BuĂmannshausen Tailor), Ottila Hunsinger,
1482:
1468:
1332:(in German), Frankfurt am Main: Eichborn,
1167:Aus der RĂ€uber- und Franzosenzeit Schwaben
1154:Aus der RĂ€uber- und Franzosenzeit Schwaben
1037:Aus der RĂ€uber- und Franzosenzeit Schwaben
1011:Aus der RĂ€uber- und Franzosenzeit Schwaben
959:Aus der RĂ€uber- und Franzosenzeit Schwaben
29:
1382:Planck, Max (1866), Zengerle, Max (ed.),
1368:(in German), Wangen: St. Josephsdruckerei
1328:Boencke, Heiner; Sarkowicz, Hans (1995),
787:released a song in which the life of the
2549:German people who died in prison custody
1193:Die letzten RĂ€uberbanden in Oberschwaben
1180:Die letzten RĂ€uberbanden in Oberschwaben
1141:Die letzten RĂ€uberbanden in Oberschwaben
1128:Die letzten RĂ€uberbanden in Oberschwaben
1115:Die letzten RĂ€uberbanden in Oberschwaben
1102:Die letzten RĂ€uberbanden in Oberschwaben
1089:Die letzten RĂ€uberbanden in Oberschwaben
1076:Die letzten RĂ€uberbanden in Oberschwaben
1063:Die letzten RĂ€uberbanden in Oberschwaben
1050:Die letzten RĂ€uberbanden in Oberschwaben
1024:Die letzten RĂ€uberbanden in Oberschwaben
998:Die letzten RĂ€uberbanden in Oberschwaben
985:Die letzten RĂ€uberbanden in Oberschwaben
972:Die letzten RĂ€uberbanden in Oberschwaben
946:Die letzten RĂ€uberbanden in Oberschwaben
933:Die letzten RĂ€uberbanden in Oberschwaben
920:Die letzten RĂ€uberbanden in Oberschwaben
907:Die letzten RĂ€uberbanden in Oberschwaben
596:
588:
580:
572:
424:
275:
148:Principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
98:
1395:(in German), Berlin: Literatur-Verlag,
1309:
1300:
629:( an old building, originally owned by
453:. They predominantly targeted isolated
127:; 1788 â 20 July 1819) was a notorious
2574:Prisoners who died in German detention
2531:
1381:
1377:(in German), WeiĂenhorn: Konrad Verlag
1345:
651:On the evening of 20 July 1819 a huge
318:(Handsome Fritz), was born in 1790 in
231:, Baden, Sigmaringen and WĂŒrttemberg,
181:German emigration to the United States
1463:
1390:
1372:
338:, and Creszentia Tochtermann, called
1363:
692:Xaver Hohenleiter's brother Ulrich (
1489:
1386:(in German), Stuttgart: Albert Koch
817:Soon after his death legends about
753:), published in 1828, Swabian poet
568:
326:in 1788. Joseph Anton Jung, called
13:
1427:Siebenmorgen, Harald, ed. (2006),
1294:
765:) about the death of Hohenleiter.
508:, from an isolated farmstead near
14:
2590:
1445:
1350:(in German), Stuttgart: Steiner,
850:Ravensburger Schwarze Veri Zunft.
688:Fate of other members of the gang
605:In the early months of 1819, the
362:(One-eyed Fidele), Franz Merkle,
2201:Johann Peter Petri (Black Peter)
1409:Seidenspinner, Wolfgang (1998),
2569:People from Augsburg (district)
1413:(in German), MĂŒnster: Waxmann,
1312:Sackgreifer und Beutelschneider
1277:
1264:
1251:
1231:
1211:
1206:Sackgreifer und Beutelschneider
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1120:
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374:, Sebastian Kellermann, called
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951:
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912:
899:
886:
873:
1:
2579:Deaths from lightning strikes
2544:19th-century German criminals
867:
744:
242:
186:
153:
1609:Companions of Saint Nicholas
1241:Die Ballade vom schwaaz Vere
601:Xaver Hohenleiter in custody
235:or finding casual work as a
7:
2471:Hirschsprung (Black Forest)
855:
565:and his partners in crime.
271:
134:. As a leader of a band of
16:German criminal (1778-1819)
10:
2595:
2443:VolksmÀrchen der Deutschen
2278:Peter Nikoll (Black Peter)
121:Schwaaz Vere, Schwarz Vere
2501:
2420:
2031:
1509:
1502:German-speaking countries
1497:
1310:Blauert, Andreas (1993),
1301:Barczyk, Michael (1982),
768:A children's book titled
728:
496:, more than 10 litres of
420:
392:Bometshauser Schneiderle
93:
83:
75:
67:
49:
37:
28:
21:
2075:Christman Genipperteinga
833:figure in Upper Swabian
812:
775:
2421:Legends and fairy tales
2229:Kunigunde von OrlamĂŒnde
2187:Heinrich von Winkelried
1346:Hubert, Michel (1998),
749:In his volume "Poems" (
593:White Tower in Biberach
402:, and Fidelis Gindele,
382:, Christian Maucher, a
340:Die GĂŒnzburger Creszenz
283:and his robber band by
2564:Criminals from Bavaria
2306:RĂŒdiger von Bechelaren
2089:Eppelein von Gailingen
801:, dedicated a song to
602:
594:
586:
578:
430:
390:, and hence nicknamed
287:
169:Hohenzollern-Hechingen
140:Kingdom of WĂŒrttemberg
104:
2478:Venusberg (mythology)
2285:Pied Piper of Hamelin
2131:Götz von Berlichingen
2047:Arnold von Winkelried
1272:Die Spitzbubenchronik
894:Deutschland im Wandel
655:moved over Biberach.
600:
592:
584:
576:
516:, in the vicinity of
428:
279:
260:, hence his nickname
173:year without a summer
102:
2369:Walram of Thierstein
2243:Matthias Klostermayr
2124:Giselher of Burgundy
2117:Genevieve of Brabant
2103:Frederick Barbarossa
1364:Lang, Karl (1977) ,
842:carnival association
829:was still used as a
757:wrote a poem titled
404:Dicker Roter Metzger
360:Der EinÀugige Fidele
292:Die GĂŒnzburger Sephe
285:Johann Baptist Pflug
201:district of Augsburg
144:Grand Duchy of Baden
61:Biberach an der Riss
2429:Grimms' Fairy Tales
2376:Walter of Aquitaine
2348:The Smith of Kochel
356:Die dreckete Mutter
68:Cause of death
2383:Werner Stauffacher
2299:Punker of Rohrbach
2215:Knight of the Swan
1259:Schurke oder Held?
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595:
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288:
105:
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2411:Xaver Hohenleiter
2355:Till Eulenspiegel
2222:Konrad Baumgarten
2208:Klaus Störtebeker
2082:Dietrich von Bern
1700:Feuermann (ghost)
1402:978-3-643-10768-8
1257:H. Siebenmorgen,
805:on their 1994 CD
348:Dreckete Crescens
109:Xaver Hohenleiter
97:
96:
57:(aged 30â31)
23:Xaver Hohenleiter
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2061:Baron Munchausen
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2008:Will-o'-the-wisp
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1770:Jack o' the bowl
1765:
1758:
1751:
1744:
1737:
1730:
1723:
1716:
1709:
1702:
1695:
1688:
1681:
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1660:
1653:
1646:
1639:
1637:Dwarf (folklore)
1632:
1625:
1623:Drak (mythology)
1618:
1611:
1604:
1597:
1590:
1583:
1576:
1569:
1562:
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1548:
1541:
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1387:
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1196:
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1111:
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936:
929:
923:
916:
910:
903:
897:
890:
884:
877:
799:Bad Schussenried
569:Arrest and death
514:Argenhardter Hof
372:Middle Franconia
316:Der schöne Fritz
84:Other names
71:Lightning strike
56:
33:
19:
18:
2594:
2593:
2589:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2584:
2583:
2529:
2528:
2527:
2522:
2515:
2510:German folklore
2508:
2497:
2492:Walpurgis Night
2490:
2483:
2476:
2469:
2462:
2455:
2448:
2441:
2434:
2427:
2416:
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2269:
2262:
2255:
2248:
2241:
2234:
2227:
2220:
2213:
2206:
2199:
2192:
2185:
2180:Hans von Trotha
2178:
2171:
2164:
2157:
2150:
2143:
2136:
2129:
2122:
2115:
2108:
2101:
2094:
2087:
2080:
2073:
2066:
2059:
2052:
2045:
2038:
2027:
2020:
2013:
2006:
1999:
1992:
1985:
1978:
1971:
1964:
1957:
1950:
1943:
1936:
1929:
1922:
1915:
1908:
1901:
1894:
1887:
1880:
1873:
1866:
1859:
1852:
1847:Mare (folklore)
1845:
1838:
1831:
1824:
1817:
1810:
1805:Knecht Ruprecht
1803:
1796:
1789:
1782:
1775:
1768:
1761:
1754:
1747:
1740:
1735:HeinzelmÀnnchen
1733:
1726:
1719:
1712:
1705:
1698:
1691:
1684:
1677:
1670:
1663:
1656:
1649:
1642:
1635:
1628:
1621:
1614:
1607:
1600:
1593:
1588:BuschgroĂmutter
1586:
1579:
1572:
1565:
1558:
1551:
1544:
1537:
1530:
1523:
1516:
1505:
1493:
1491:German folklore
1488:
1454:
1448:
1439:
1421:
1403:
1358:
1340:
1322:
1297:
1295:Further reading
1292:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1269:
1265:
1256:
1252:
1239:Grachmusikoff:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1203:
1199:
1195:, p. 239ff, 248
1190:
1186:
1177:
1173:
1164:
1160:
1151:
1147:
1138:
1134:
1125:
1121:
1112:
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1056:
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1034:
1030:
1021:
1017:
1008:
1004:
995:
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982:
978:
969:
965:
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939:
930:
926:
917:
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891:
887:
878:
874:
870:
858:
815:
778:
747:
731:
690:
571:
500:, 70 pounds of
423:
344:Dreckete Partie
312:Dreckete Partie
300:common-law wife
274:
245:
221:Austrian Empire
189:
160:Napoleonic Wars
156:
117:Swabian dialect
111:(also known as
63:
58:
54:
45:
42:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2592:
2582:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2539:German outlaws
2524:
2523:
2521:
2520:
2517:Swiss folklore
2513:
2505:
2503:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2488:
2481:
2474:
2467:
2460:
2457:Nibelungenlied
2453:
2450:Gespensterbuch
2446:
2439:
2436:Deutsche Sagen
2432:
2424:
2422:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2414:
2407:
2400:
2393:
2386:
2379:
2372:
2365:
2358:
2351:
2344:
2337:
2330:
2323:
2320:Schinderhannes
2316:
2309:
2302:
2295:
2288:
2281:
2274:
2267:
2260:
2253:
2246:
2239:
2232:
2225:
2218:
2211:
2204:
2197:
2190:
2183:
2176:
2173:Hans von Sagan
2169:
2162:
2159:Hagen (legend)
2155:
2148:
2141:
2134:
2127:
2120:
2113:
2106:
2099:
2092:
2085:
2078:
2071:
2064:
2057:
2050:
2043:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2018:
2011:
2004:
1997:
1990:
1983:
1976:
1969:
1962:
1955:
1948:
1941:
1934:
1927:
1920:
1913:
1906:
1899:
1896:Ork (folklore)
1892:
1885:
1878:
1871:
1864:
1857:
1854:Mephistopheles
1850:
1843:
1836:
1829:
1822:
1815:
1808:
1801:
1794:
1787:
1780:
1773:
1766:
1759:
1752:
1745:
1738:
1731:
1724:
1717:
1710:
1703:
1696:
1689:
1682:
1675:
1668:
1661:
1654:
1651:Ekke Nekkepenn
1647:
1640:
1633:
1626:
1619:
1612:
1605:
1598:
1591:
1584:
1577:
1570:
1563:
1556:
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1542:
1535:
1528:
1525:Alp (folklore)
1521:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1506:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1487:
1486:
1479:
1472:
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1457:
1447:
1446:External links
1444:
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1221:Schwarzer Vere
1210:
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857:
854:
814:
811:
797:, a band from
791:is portrayed.
777:
774:
746:
743:
739:Ancient Regime
730:
727:
707:Rot an der Rot
689:
686:
672:, smashed the
607:Laubbach MĂŒhle
570:
567:
422:
419:
352:Dreckete Agnes
336:Rhine Province
308:Schwarze Agath
273:
270:
244:
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2334:Stauffacherin
2331:
2328:
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2300:
2296:
2293:
2292:Princess Ilse
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1956:
1953:
1949:
1946:
1942:
1939:
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1932:
1928:
1925:
1921:
1918:
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1910:PetermÀnnchen
1907:
1904:
1900:
1897:
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1791:King Goldemar
1788:
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1777:Klabautermann
1774:
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1462:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1440:
1438:3-923132-47-6
1434:
1430:
1425:
1422:
1420:3-89325-640-7
1416:
1412:
1407:
1404:
1398:
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1371:
1367:
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1357:3-515-07392-2
1353:
1349:
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1341:
1339:3-8218-1169-2
1335:
1331:
1326:
1323:
1321:3-87940-468-2
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1168:
1165:J. B. Pflug,
1162:
1155:
1152:J. B. Pflug,
1149:
1142:
1136:
1129:
1123:
1116:
1110:
1103:
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1045:
1038:
1035:J. B. Pflug,
1032:
1025:
1019:
1012:
1009:J. B. Pflug,
1006:
999:
993:
986:
980:
973:
967:
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957:J. B. Pflug,
954:
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828:
824:
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795:Grachmusikoff
792:
790:
789:Schwarze Vere
786:
782:
773:
771:
766:
764:
760:
756:
755:Gustav Schwab
752:
742:
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636:
632:
628:
624:
619:
616:
615:Königseggwald
612:
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583:
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560:
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507:
506:hundredweight
503:
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468:
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459:smallholdings
456:
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427:
418:
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409:
405:
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397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
378:who was from
377:
373:
369:
365:
364:Weberen Franz
361:
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174:
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164:mediatisation
161:
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114:
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89:
86:
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70:
66:
62:
52:
48:
40:
36:
32:
27:
20:
2410:
2404:Wolfdietrich
2390:William Tell
2313:SchildbĂŒrger
2022:Wolpertinger
1987:WiedergÀnger
1980:WeiĂe Frauen
1931:Rhinemaidens
1679:Ewiger JĂ€ger
1644:Easter Bunny
1616:DoppelgÀnger
1500:Folklore of
1499:
1428:
1410:
1392:
1383:
1374:
1365:
1347:
1329:
1311:
1302:
1279:
1271:
1270:M. Barczyk,
1266:
1258:
1253:
1240:
1233:
1220:
1213:
1205:
1204:A. Blauert,
1200:
1192:
1187:
1179:
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958:
953:
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940:
932:
927:
919:
914:
906:
901:
893:
888:
881:Lebenswelten
880:
875:
862:Upper Swabia
849:
839:
827:Schwaaz Vere
826:
819:Schwaaz Veri
818:
816:
806:
803:Schwaaz Vere
802:
793:
788:
779:
769:
767:
762:
758:
750:
748:
738:
732:
711:Vetters Ottl
710:
698:tuberculosis
693:
691:
674:roof trusses
653:thunderstorm
650:
647:
635:Ehinger Turm
634:
626:
622:
620:
606:
604:
563:Schwaaz Vere
562:
531:Reichsthaler
513:
478:Betzenweiler
475:
432:
416:
403:
396:Vetters Ottl
395:
391:
375:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
327:
315:
311:
307:
303:
296:AltenmĂŒnster
291:
289:
281:Schwaaz Vere
280:
262:Schwaaz Vere
261:
246:
197:Kutzenhausen
190:
157:
124:
120:
112:
108:
106:
87:
55:(1819-07-20)
53:20 July 1819
2559:1819 deaths
2554:1788 births
2271:Peter Klaus
2015:Witte Wiwer
1945:Santa Claus
1917:Poltergeist
1861:Moss people
1798:King Laurin
1707:Feldgeister
1658:Elwetritsch
1455:(in German)
1287:(in German)
1191:M. Planck,
1178:M. Planck,
1139:M. Planck,
1126:M. Planck,
1113:M. Planck,
1100:M. Planck,
1087:M. Planck,
1074:M. Planck,
1061:M. Planck,
1048:M. Planck,
1022:M. Planck,
996:M. Planck,
983:M. Planck,
970:M. Planck,
944:M. Planck,
931:M. Planck,
918:M. Planck,
905:M. Planck,
892:M. Hubert,
759:Psalm 104,4
670:weathervane
623:White Tower
551:Wendenreute
547:HĂŒttenreute
328:Der Condeer
225:Switzerland
76:Nationality
44:Rommelsried
2533:Categories
2464:FreischĂŒtz
2341:TannhÀuser
2194:Hildebrand
2152:Gundomar I
2110:Friar Rush
1959:Tatzelwurm
1924:Rasselbock
1875:Nachzehrer
1868:Nachtkrapp
1840:Lutzelfrau
1749:Hinzelmann
1714:Frau Holle
1602:Christkind
1595:Changeling
1560:Belsnickel
1219:GsÀlzbÀr:
1182:, p. 233ff
1143:, p. 101ff
879:R. Pröve,
868:References
846:Ravensburg
840:In 1970 a
807:Quasi lebt
781:Ravensburg
745:Literature
702:Gotteszell
696:) died of
559:tablecloth
298:, was the
243:Appearance
187:Early life
154:Background
2236:Lohengrin
1994:Wild Hunt
1784:Klagmuhme
1567:Bergmönch
1539:Aufhocker
1156:, p. 188f
1104:, p. 85ff
1091:, p. 65ff
1052:, p. 63ff
961:, p. 187f
719:Constance
715:workhouse
682:poorhouse
678:conductor
657:Lightning
611:foresters
555:Illwangen
537:into the
490:Bellamont
447:extortion
412:Fronreute
406:(Fat Red
320:Besenfeld
250:sideburns
237:farm hand
2502:See also
2250:Nibelung
2166:Hannikel
2068:Brunhild
2001:Wild man
1938:RĂŒbezahl
1826:Lindworm
1728:Heimchen
1665:Erdhenne
1581:Bogeyman
1574:Bieresel
1553:Beerwolf
1532:Askafroa
1518:Alberich
1261:, p. 120
1169:, p. 189
1039:, p. 188
1013:, p. 188
948:, p. 62f
935:, p. 56f
922:, p. 55f
909:, p. 54f
883:, p. 133
856:See also
835:folklore
831:bogeyman
785:GsÀlzbÀr
751:Gedichte
735:banditry
694:Der Urle
631:Beguines
627:Seelhaus
535:trapdoor
523:beddings
518:Tettnang
510:Offingen
439:burglary
400:Seekirch
388:Schwendi
304:Der Urle
272:The gang
266:earrings
217:Augsburg
177:vagrancy
146:and the
132:criminal
2138:Gunther
1903:Perchta
1882:Nis Puk
1833:Lorelei
1819:Krampus
1763:Irrwurz
1756:Hödekin
1686:FĂ€nggen
1672:Erlking
1546:Bahkauv
1247:YouTube
1227:YouTube
1208:, p. 92
1130:, p. 78
1117:, p. 68
1078:, p. 49
1065:, p. 79
1026:, p. 9f
1000:, p. 63
987:, p. 58
974:, p. 40
896:, p. 84
641:in the
639:KiĂlegg
494:guldens
471:Ostrach
463:hamlets
443:robbery
408:Butcher
368:Diebach
324:Trieste
233:begging
229:Bavaria
205:Bavaria
199:in the
193:herders
136:robbers
2485:Vineta
2397:Witege
2327:Sigurd
2257:Ortnit
2145:Gudrun
2054:Attila
2032:People
1952:Schrat
1812:Kobold
1742:Hemann
1693:Fasolt
1510:Beings
1435:
1417:
1399:
1354:
1336:
1318:
1274:, p. 8
729:Legacy
661:pallet
643:AllgÀu
539:cellar
498:brandy
486:Neufra
421:Crimes
384:tailor
380:Burgau
332:Pedlar
258:braids
254:goatee
252:and a
142:, the
129:German
115:or in
107:Franz
79:German
2096:Faust
1973:Uhaml
1966:TĂŒrst
1721:GĂŒtel
1630:Drude
823:topoi
813:Other
783:band
776:Music
665:loins
613:from
527:linen
482:mayor
467:mills
455:farms
451:theft
435:arson
398:from
376:Baste
330:(The
209:theft
1433:ISBN
1415:ISBN
1397:ISBN
1352:ISBN
1334:ISBN
1316:ISBN
543:team
525:and
502:lard
465:and
449:and
125:Vere
50:Died
41:1788
38:Born
1245:on
1225:on
844:in
723:Ulm
484:of
370:in
215:in
123:or
119:as
2535::
837:.
809:.
741:.
461:,
457:,
445:,
441:,
437:,
414:.
268:.
239:.
227:,
203:,
183:.
150:.
1483:e
1476:t
1469:v
761:(
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