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334:. Worsted preparation refers to the way the fibre is prepared before spinning, using ginning machines which force the fibre staples to lie parallel to each other. Once these fibres have been made into a top, they are then combed to remove the short fibres. The long fibres are combined in subsequent gilling machines to again make the fibres parallel. This produces overlapping untwisted strands called
198:
Both worsted and woolen spun wool are used for knitted fabrics. Worsted wool fabric is typically used in the making of tailored garments such as suits. In tropical-weight worsteds, the use of tightly spun, straightened wool combined with a looser weave permits air to flow through the fabric. Worsted
412:
Super numbers represent the fineness of the worsted wool fiber used in the fabric. The higher the number, such as Super 100s, 120s, or 150s, the finer the wool thread is. The actual number is calculated by the maximum number of hanks of wool that can be spun into one pound of wool. For example, if
271:
Though both made of wool, worsted and woollens undergo different manufacturing steps resulting in significantly different cloths. In worsteds, which undergo more spinning steps, the natural crimp of the wool fiber is removed in the process of spinning the yarn while it is retained in woolens, and
348:
are often used to spin worsted yarn. Many hand spinners buy their fibre in roving or top form. Top and roving are ropelike in appearance, in that they can be thick and long. While some mills put a slight twist in the rovings they make, it is not enough twist to be a yarn. The fibres in top and
272:
woollens are produced with short-staple yarns while worsted cloths need longer staple length. When woven, the yarns in worsted cloth lie parallel. Woollen materials are soft and bulky with fuzzy surfaces, while worsted is smoother. There are different terms in use for describing the
390:, the spinners keep their hands very close to each other. The fibres are held fanned out in one hand while the other hand pulls a small number from the mass. The twist is kept between the second hand and the wheel—there is never any twist between the two hands.
668:
598:
Textiles in
America 1650-1870 : a dictionary based on original documents, prints and paintings, commercial records, American merchants' papers, shopkeepers' advertisements, and pattern books with original swatches of
262:
are often made from worsted yarn. Worsted fabric made from wool has a natural recovery, meaning that it is resilient and quickly returns to its natural shape, but non-glossy worsted will shine with use or abrasion.
421:
Before the introduction of automatic machinery, there was little difficulty in attaining a straight fibre, as long wool was always used, and the sliver was made up by hand, using combs. The introduction of
806:
398:
According to the Craft Yarn
Council, the term "Worsted Weight", also known as "Afghan", "Aran", or simply "Medium", refers to a particular weight of yarn that produces a
413:
you can spin 100 hanks each 560 yards long, the resulting wool is classified as Super 100s. Generally, the higher the super number, the lighter the weight of the fabric.
815:
30:
923:
651:
607:
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481:
707:
Woollen & Worsted Raw
Materials: Covering the Syllabus of the City and Guilds of London Examinations in These Subjects
164:(though both are made from sheep's wool): the former is considered stronger, finer, smoother, and harder than the latter.
959:
338:. Worsted spinning refers to using a worsted technique, which produces a smooth yarn in which the fibres lie parallel.
156:
rendered the East
Anglian soil too rich for the older agrarian sheep breeds. In the same period, many weavers from the
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843:
705:
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in 1771, and the later introduction of cap and mule spinning machines, required perfectly prepared slivers. Many
641:
906:
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402:
of 16–20 stitches per 4 inches of stockinette, and is best knitted with 4.5mm to 5.5mm needles (US size 7–9).
459:
349:
rovings all lie parallel to one another along the length, which makes top ideal for spinning worsted yarns.
34:
A blue worsted wool girl's dress from the United States, made in approximately 1878, from the collection of
17:
1245:
1032:
684:
191:(using heated long-tooth metal combs), oiled and finally spun. When woven, worsteds were scoured but not
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359:, to ensure that the fibres all run the same direction, butt-end (for wool, the end that was cut in
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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917:- Lists recommended needle sizes, gauge, etc., for the various yarn weight categories.
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148:, formed a manufacturing centre for yarn and cloth in the 12th century, when pasture
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The term worsted, in relation to textile yarn weight, is defined as the number of
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538:
Yarnitecture: A Knitter's Guide to
Spinning: Building Exactly the Yarn You Want
360:
259:
180:
35:
750:
720:
Booth, J.E. (1964). Principles of
Textile Testing. London: Temple Press Books.
555:
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819:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 805–816.
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438:) before further processing, to ensure straight fibres and to distribute the
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yarns, used to create worsted fabric, are spun from fibres that have been
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moved to
Norfolk. "Worsted" yarns/fabrics are distinct from
330:
Many spinners differentiate between worsted preparation and
57:
982:
937:
110:
602:. Internet Archive. New York ; London : Norton.
409:, each with a length of 560 yards, that weigh one pound.
89:
739:(2nd ed.). London, England: Longmans, Green, And Co.
98:
66:
536:
460:"Worstead Heritage Trail | Worstead Parish Council"
167:
Worsted was made from the long-staple pasture wool from
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used one or more preparatory combing machines (called
92:
86:
60:
54:
367:
is used in spinning worsted fibres (as opposed to a
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of textile materials. The wool trade term for it is
101:
95:
69:
63:
308:The essential feature of worsted yarn is straight,
83:
51:
857:
462:. Worsteadpc.norfolkparishes.gov.uk. 26 July 2012
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242:, is lightweight and has a coarse texture. The
953:
772:"Wool Suit Fabric "Super" Numbers Explained"
730:
728:
726:
291:
685:"Manufacturing of Worsted and Woolen Yarns"
629:. Emmott & Company Limited. p. 52.
363:the sheep) to tip, and remain parallel. A
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946:
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509:The wool textile industry in Great Britain
323:to create worsted yarn; today, other long
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288:suggests the material's harsh hand feel.
238:Worsted cloth, archaically also known as
639:
571:
295:
226:
132:, "enclosure place"), a village in the
29:
852:
666:
643:Woollen and Worsted Woven Fabric Design
576:Woollen And Worsted Woven Fabric Design
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266:
27:Fabrics manufactured from worsted yarns
14:
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807:Wool, Worsted and Woollen Manufactures
804:
535:
496:
941:
882:
567:
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540:. Storey Publishing. pp. 41–42.
284:cloth being soft to the touch, while
933:joyofhandspinning.com on Dutch combs
860:Warp and Weft: A Textile Terminology
703:
187:; instead it was washed, gilled and
626:Woolen and Worsted Yarn Manufacture
24:
827:
562:
511:. Routledge Keegan Paul. pp.
250:or plain. Twilled fabrics such as
25:
1257:
892:
667:McLaren, Walter Stowe B. (1884).
109:) is a high-quality type of wool
1031:
792:
595:Montgomery, Florence M. (1984).
482:"Worstead History - The Village"
121:category. The name derives from
79:
47:
805:Barker, Aldred Farrer (1911). "
785:
764:
743:
714:
697:
677:
580:. Woodhead Publishing. p.
907:New International Encyclopedia
838:. Princeton University Press.
737:Principles of Worsted Spinning
660:
640:Gilligan, E. G. (2004-01-05).
633:
616:
588:
474:
452:
222:
140:. That village, together with
13:
1:
887:. London: Temple Press Books.
885:Principles of Textile Testing
751:"Standard Yarn Weight System"
445:
416:
967:
910:. 1905. pp. 640 to 643.
670:Spinning woollen and worsted
7:
915:Standard Yarn Weight System
704:Hind, John Richard (1934).
623:Radcliffe, John W. (1953).
572:Gilligan, Grant E. (2004).
117:made from this yarn, and a
10:
1262:
735:Priestman, Howard (1921).
710:. Ernest Benn. p. 40.
1140:Cotton-spinning machinery
1132:
1086:
1040:
1029:
975:
503:Jenkins, Geraint (1972).
393:
315:. Originally, long, fine
292:Technique and preparation
231:A former worsted mill in
921:Woolen and Worsted Yarns
834:Barber, E.J.W. (1991).
816:Encyclopædia Britannica
646:. Elsevier. p. 7.
300:Worsted yarn made from
183:. Pasture wool was not
1160:Magnetic ring spinning
1155:DREF friction spinning
753:. Craftyarncouncil.com
305:
235:
177:Old Leicester Longwool
39:
1165:Mule spinners' cancer
492:on 27 September 2011.
299:
233:Hudson, Massachusetts
230:
33:
1200:Wool combing machine
883:Booth, J.E. (1964).
866:Royal Ontario Museum
836:Prehistoric Textiles
267:Worsted and woollens
1133:Industrial spinning
1087:Hand spinning tools
854:Burnham, Dorothy K.
378:, spun from combed
1246:Textile treatments
926:2008-01-24 at the
486:www.worstead.co.uk
306:
236:
158:County of Flanders
40:
1208:
1207:
1150:Open-end spinning
653:978-1-84569-317-6
609:978-0-393-01703-8
547:978-1-61212-521-3
424:Richard Arkwright
199:is also used for
16:(Redirected from
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776:. Retrieved
774:. 2019-04-22
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490:the original
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466:15 September
464:. Retrieved
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353:Worsted-spun
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181:Romney Marsh
169:sheep breeds
166:
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42:
41:
18:Worsted wool
1195:Water frame
1104:Niddy noddy
505:"Chapter 2"
428:water frame
317:staple wool
246:is usually
223:Manufacture
127:Old English
119:yarn weight
1215:Categories
1109:Nostepinne
1073:Short draw
1041:Techniques
778:2024-09-16
757:2013-09-15
690:2021-05-31
556:1090567721
522:0710069790
446:References
436:gill-boxes
417:Automation
365:short draw
173:Teeswaters
136:county of
130:Wurðestede
1068:Scutching
1063:Long draw
976:Materials
440:lubricant
369:long draw
256:gabardine
150:enclosure
1221:Spinning
1058:Heckling
969:Spinning
924:Archived
856:(1980).
442:evenly.
388:wool top
376:spinning
361:shearing
346:wool top
310:parallel
274:softness
252:whipcord
205:clothing
171:such as
162:woollens
123:Worstead
1236:Norfolk
1114:Spindle
1099:Distaff
1053:Combing
1048:Carding
1023:Worsted
813:(ed.).
803::
336:slivers
280:, with
209:hosiery
201:carpets
146:Aylsham
138:Norfolk
134:English
43:Worsted
1018:Woolen
1003:Staple
998:Sliver
993:Roving
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394:Weight
384:sliver
380:roving
357:combed
342:Roving
325:fibres
313:fibres
302:Merino
278:handle
213:gloves
193:fulled
189:combed
185:carded
154:liming
125:(from
115:fabric
113:, the
988:Rolag
599:cloth
513:26–33
400:gauge
260:serge
248:twill
244:weave
240:stuff
217:baize
1241:Yarn
1231:Wool
983:Noil
870:ISBN
840:ISBN
648:ISBN
604:ISBN
552:OCLC
542:ISBN
517:ISBN
468:2013
344:and
321:spun
319:was
304:wool
258:and
215:and
179:and
152:and
144:and
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