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402:(1597), rejected the theory that the witch was performing an act of ventriloquism, but also denied that she had truly summoned the spirit of Samuel. He wrote that the Devil is permitted at times to take on the likeness of the saints, citing 2 Corinthians 11:14, which says that "Satan can transform himself into an Angel of light". James describes the witch of Endor as "Saul's Pythonese", likening her to the ancient Greek oracle
273:
The woman summons a spirit, and when it appears, she works out who Saul is and screams, "Why have you deceived me? You are Saul!" Saul assures her that no harm will come to her, and asks what she sees. She says that she sees "elohim" (plural word gods) rising (plural verb). Then, Saul asks what "he"
277:
The spirit complains of being disturbed, berates Saul for disobeying God, and predicts Saul's downfall. The living Samuel has already said Saul would have his kingship removed, but this spirit adds that Israel's army will be defeated, and Saul and his sons will be "with me" tomorrow. Saul collapses
364:
The Jews of our days believe that after the body of a man is interred, his spirit goes and comes, and departs from the spot where it is destined to visit his body, and to know what passes around him; that it is wandering during a whole year after the death of the body, and that it was during that
489:
in ancient times. The story has been cited in debates between
Spiritualist apologists and Christian critics. "The woman of Endor was a medium, respectable, honest, law-abiding, and far more Christ-like than Christian critics of Spiritualism," asserted one Chicago Spiritualist paper in 1875.
70:
in battle, after prior attempts to consult God through sacred lots and other means had failed. However, what is summoned, whether the actual ghost of Samuel or a spirit impersonating him, delivers a prophecy of doom against Saul and his army, who are defeated. This event occurs in the
2385:
1047:
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214:
arising" (she uses "elohim" in plural, but the apparition becomes singular in Saul's response) from the ground, using the word typically translated as "god(s)" to refer to the spirit of the dead. This is also paralleled by the use of the
Akkadian cognate word
438:(1759), among other scriptural proofs of "the reality of magic". He acknowledges that this interpretation is disputed, and says that he will deduce nothing from the passage "except that this woman passed for a witch, that Saul esteemed her such".
458:
summarises two main historical interpretations: one, that Samuel really appeared, either bodily or in resurrected form; two, that Samuel was impersonated by a demon in order to destroy Saul. He argues that the latter view matches the text.
441:
Since this passage states the witch made a loud cry in fear when she saw Samuel's spirit, some interpreters reject the suggestion that the witch was responsible for summoning Samuel's spirit, claiming instead that this was the work of God.
450:
the incident does not tell us anything about the veracity of claims to consult the dead on the part of mediums, because the indications are that this was an extraordinary event for her, and a frightening one, because she was not in
883:... of 'ob (RSV 'medium'). According to one view it is the same word that means a 'bottle made out of skins' ('wineskin,' Job 32:19). The term would then refer to the technique of ventriloquism or, more accurately, 'belly-talking'.
605:
389:
and some modern
Christian writers have debated the theological issues raised by this text, which would appear at first sight to affirm that it is possible (though forbidden) for humans to summon the spirits of the dead by magic.
1138:
The witch of Endor – The account of the "Witch of Endor" is the only instance in the Bible where a description of the processes and ... Luther held that it was "the Devil's ghost"; Calvin that "it was not the real Samuel, but a
270:. Saul disguises himself and crosses through enemy lines to visit her, asking her to raise Samuel. The woman at first refuses, on account of Saul's edict against sorcery, but Saul assures her that she will not be punished.
1425:
Desperate as they were, there is no evidence that
Rudyard and Carrie ever contemplated trying to reach John in this way and Rudyard's scorn for those who did was expressed in the poem En-dor, written the following
353:
suggests that necromancers are able to see the spirits of the dead but are unable to hear their speech, while the person for whom the deceased was summoned hears the voice but fails to see anything.
410:
Certain it is, that the Law of God speaks nothing in vain, neither does it lay curses, or enjoin punishments upon shadows, condemning that to be ill, which is not in essence or being as we call it.
2719:
510:
The story of Saul's consultation with the witch of Endor has frequently been set to music, with many works expanding on the character of the witch. One early example is
281:
The following day, the
Israelite army is defeated as prophesied: Saul is wounded by the Philistines, and commits suicide by falling on his sword. Later, a young
115:
to refer to a ritual pit for summoning the dead from the netherworld, based on parallels in other Near
Eastern and Mediterranean cultures. The word has
1498:
Kent, G. J. R. (2014). ”Call Up Samuel”: Who appeared to the Witch at En-Dor? (1 Sam 28:3-25). Andrews
University Seminary Studies, 52(2), 141-160.
274:(singular) looks like, and she describes an old man wrapped in a robe. Saul bows down to the spirit, but is apparently unable to see it himself.
2329:
2242:
365:
year of delay that the
Pythoness of Endor evoked the soul of Samuel, after which time the evocation would have had no power over his spirit.
418:
also suggested that what the witch summoned was not the ghost of Samuel, but a demon taking his shape or an illusion crafted by the witch.
1462:
The
Connaught was one part, as were all the ragtag ships under her command: Panshin, Solano, Witch of Endor, Serrio Mal, and a dozen more.
710:
406:. He asserts the reality of witchcraft, arguing that if such things were not possible, they would not be prohibited in Scripture:
2447:
2417:
1048:
Treatise on the
Apparitions of Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants: of Hungary, Moravia, et al. The Complete Volumes I & II.
328:, possibly reflecting the consistent view of the Alexandrian translators that demons do not exist. On the other hand, the Hebrew
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830:
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Ofer, Rachel (2021). "A Wicked Witch or a Good Psychotherapist? The Medium of Endor in Modern Hebrew Literature".
977:
A classical example is King Saul's visit to the witch of Endor: The Septuagint says once that the seer engages in
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2432:
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289:, it is stated that Saul's death was in part a punishment for seeking advice from a medium rather than from God.
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1282:
Smallman, Basil (April 1965). "Endor Revisited: English Biblical Dialogues of the Seventeenth Century".
898:
Ancient Near Eastern Thought and the Old Testament: Introducing the conceptual world of the Hebrew Bible
2337:
694:
498:
332:, composed in the same period, represents it as a fact that Samuel prophesied to Saul after his death.
285:
hoping to impress David will falsely claim he delivered the death blow, and David will execute him. In
1484:. Society of Biblical Literature writings from the Greco-Roman world. Society of Biblical Literature.
349:. Based upon the witch's claim to have seen something, and Saul having heard a disembodied voice, the
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in terror; the woman comforts him, and prepares him a meal of a fatted calf to restore his strength.
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from Israel, Saul searches for a witch anonymously and is told one is living in the village of
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is a name occasionally given to ships, both real and in fiction, such as in the Sci Fi series
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1984:
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422:, who believed that the dead were unconscious, read that it was "the Devil's ghost", whereas
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In music, the Witch of Endor is mentioned in the last verse of the song "Lover, Leaver" by
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250:, seeks advice from God in choosing a course of action against the assembled forces of the
8:
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1936:
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at 'Endor' (Ein Dor, a location name meaning a circular well or spring). The word אֹ֖וב
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663:
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336:, writing in the 1st century AD, also appears to find the story completely credible.
307:
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The character of Endora, the mother of the heroine Samantha on the television show
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112:
19:
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1994:
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The "Belly-Myther" of Endor: Interpretations of 1 Kingdoms 28 in the Early Church
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in the 1630s, which formed the basis of a better-known work of the same title by
502:
Saul speaking to Samuel's spirit at the Witch of Endor by Gabriel Ehinger, 1675,
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267:
91:
72:
51:
36:
2179:
1680:
1438:
1164:
1151:
Beuken, Willem (1978). "1 Samuel 28: The prophet as 'hammer of witches'".
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Magic and Paganism in early Christianity: the world of the Acts of the Apostles
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2014:
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593:; this was subsequently reworked into a short piece by American composer
423:
324:
In the Septuagint (2nd century BC) the woman is described as a
259:
67:
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1221:""Call Up Samuel": Who Appeared to the Witch at En-Dor? (1 Sam 28:3-25)"
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1911:
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Feminist interpretations of witch trials in the early modern period
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2386:
Treatise on the Apparitions of Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants
2204:
2086:
2004:
1844:
1807:
1623:
515:
333:
173:
169:
141:
1643:
657:. The character has been portrayed cinematically by Israeli actor
2189:
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2009:
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1745:
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196:
157:
116:
381:'s painting of Saul, the shade of Samuel and the Witch of Endor.
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2124:
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1979:
1962:
1957:
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1051:
CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. pp. 47, 237.
403:
345:(11th century) identifies the anonymous witch as the mother of
282:
211:
204:
63:
1242:. Vol. 1, no. 19. Chicago. 24 April 1875. p. 1.
1086:. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. pp. 9–10.
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2134:
2061:
1972:
1967:
1916:
1824:
1802:
1797:
1728:
346:
147:) and the medium or witch of Endor's ritual has parallels in
1257:. In Archie C.C. Lee, Archie; Brenner-Idan, Athalya (eds.).
2159:
2091:
1859:
1817:
59:
768:(1967). "Second millenium antecedents to the Hebrew 'Ôḇ".
254:
army. He receives no answer from dreams, prophets, or the
1439:"Endora - origin, meaning, popularity, and related names"
1353:
A Dictionary of Biblical Tradition in English Literature
1255:"The Medium of En-dor Heard Through the Medium of Music"
302:
565:(1921). Notable operas featuring the character include
426:
read that "it was not the real Samuel, but a spectre."
1134:
Faith Healing, Christian Science and Kindred Phenomena
999:
Isaiah the gospel prophet: A preacher of righteousness
638:", using the story to criticise contemporary mediums.
1194:
810:
1503:https://research.avondale.edu.au/theo_papers/196/
1261:. Vol. 1. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 149.
203:, both terms referencing then-contemporary pagan
66:. Saul wished to receive advice on defeating the
2742:
1355:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 840–841.
1005:burn incense on bricks to devils which exist not
1186:Keil, Carl Friedrich; Delitzsch, Franz (1956).
2243:Witchcraft and divination in the Old Testament
1421:My Boy Jack: The Search for Kipling's Only Son
1206:1 and 2 Samuel: An introduction and commentary
242:When the prophet Samuel dies, he is buried in
2330:A Dialogue Concerning Witches and Witchcrafts
1539:
1477:
1185:
879:The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
809:King, Philip J.; Stager, Lawrence E. (2001).
970:
94:
711:The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel
708:The Witch of Endor is also a plot point in
630:, a year after the death of his son at the
626:which paints Saul as a sympathetic figure.
485:have taken the story as evidence of spirit
432:briefly mentions the witch of Endor in his
1546:
1532:
1342:
1340:
1316:
1188:Biblical Commentary on the Books of Samuel
1153:Journal for the Study of the Old Testament
1074:
971:Klauck, Hans-Josef; McNeil, Brian (2003).
808:
641:In theatre, the witch of Endor figures in
604:Poetic works retelling the story include "
1323:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 270.
1040:
1038:
996:
1553:
1500:https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/auss/
1418:
1281:
1070:
1068:
749:
747:
497:
466:
373:
306:Saul consulting the Witch of Endor, the
301:
226:
18:
1346:
1337:
1252:
1200:
1131:
764:
686:, may be named for the Witch of Endor.
2743:
2649:List of people executed for witchcraft
1455:
1150:
1084:. A critical edition in modern English
1044:
1035:
894:
844:
842:
735:
733:
731:
493:
435:Treatise on the Apparitions of Spirits
246:(1 Sam 25:1; 28:3). Saul, the king of
164:Other suggestions for a definition of
2618:Witch trials in the Holy Roman Empire
1527:
1065:
848:
744:
222:
1478:Greer, R.A.; Mitchell, M.M. (2007).
1375:
1317:Long, Siobhan; Sawyer, John (2015).
1225:Theology Papers and Journal Articles
1218:
981:and three times that she engages in
925:
881:. William B. Eerdmans. p. 307.
872:
90:The woman of the story is called in
62:to summon the spirit of the prophet
54:") is a woman who, according to the
27:(Dmitry Nikiforovich Martynov, 1857)
839:
728:
612:, published in his 1815 collection
258:. Having previously driven out all
95:
40:
25:The Shade of Samuel Invoked by Saul
13:
2715:Left-hand path and right-hand path
2290:De Lamiis et Pythonicis Mulieribus
1471:
1419:Holt, Tonie; Holt, Valmai (1998).
997:Andreasen, Milian Lauritz (2001).
877:. In Bromiley, Geoffrey W. (ed.).
292:
96:אֵשֶׁת בַּעֲלַת־אֹוב בְּעֵין דֹּור
23:The Sorceress of Endor, detail of
14:
2812:
1508:
1032:Yalḳ, Sam. 140, from Pirḳe R. El.
895:Walton, John H. (November 2006).
589:, a one act ballet with music by
119:in other regional languages (cf.
1351:. In Jeffrey, David Lyle (ed.).
1003:The Septuagint translates: They
396:, in his philosophical treatise
1449:
1431:
1412:
1369:
1310:
1275:
1246:
1231:
1212:
1179:
1144:
1125:
1100:
1078:(2016). Brett R. Warren (ed.).
1026:
1012:
990:
964:
953:
942:
462:
369:
360:, writing in the 18th century:
210:The medium says that she sees "
2413:Jamyi Witch hiring controversy
2274:Summis desiderantes affectibus
1219:Kent, Grenville (2014-10-01).
931:
919:
888:
866:
802:
780:Society of Biblical Literature
771:Journal of Biblical Literature
758:
155:magical texts as well as the
75:; it is also mentioned in the
1:
721:
168:include a familiar spirit, a
103:), "a woman, possessor of an
2418:accusations against children
2314:The Discoverie of Witchcraft
1259:Samuel, Kings and Chronicles
661:in the 1976 television film
649:, and has a central role in
219:"god" in a similar fashion.
101:ʾēšeṯ baʿălaṯ-ʾōḇ bəʿĒyn Dōr
85:
7:
2801:Unnamed people of the Bible
1456:Cooper, James S.A. (2016).
1423:. Leo Cooper. p. 234.
819:Westminster John Knox Press
583:Martha Graham Dance Company
41:בַּעֲלַת־אֹוב בְּעֵין דּוֹר
10:
2817:
2338:Daemonolatreiae libri tres
1238:"The Religion of Ghosts".
1165:10.1177/030908927800300602
571:by Charpentier (1688) and
529:The witch also appears in
297:
2776:Women in the Hebrew Bible
2682:
2661:
2626:
2610:
2568:
2517:
2486:
2455:
2446:
2403:
2396:
2370:A Guide to Grand-Jury Men
2233:
2110:
1950:
1763:
1696:
1572:
1565:
1347:Kinsley, William (1992).
1045:Calmet, Augustin (2016).
985:(1 Sam 28:6–9).
915:– via Google Books.
667:, and by Belgian actress
504:Städelsches Kunstinstitut
2700:Christian views on magic
2378:The Discovery of Witches
2250:Directorium Inquisitorum
1190:. Eerdmans. p. 262.
622:(1893), a major work of
193:engastrímythos en Aendōr
2306:De praestigiis daemonum
2258:De maleficis mulieribus
1253:Leneman, Helen (2017).
1020:Antiquities of the Jews
813:Life in Biblical Israel
778:(4). Atlanta, Georgia:
634:, wrote a poem called "
597:(Louis Hardin) for his
531:Mors Saulis et Jonathae
430:Antoine Augustin Calmet
358:Antoine Augustin Calmet
189:ἐγγαστρίμυθος ἐν Αενδωρ
2766:Books of Samuel people
2362:Compendium Maleficarum
2354:Magical Investigations
2245:(8th–2nd centuries BC)
1132:Buckley, J.M. (2003).
599:1969 self-titled album
545:George Frideric Handel
507:
479:
453:
412:
382:
367:
321:
313:Saducismus Triumphatus
239:
111:has been suggested by
44:baʿălaṯ-ʾōḇ bəʿĒyn Dōr
28:
2756:11th-century BC women
1985:Cloak of invisibility
1741:Solitary practitioner
1654:Witch-cult hypothesis
1390:10.1353/hbr.2021.0018
1296:10.1093/ml/XLVI.2.137
1112:Catholic Encyclopedia
960:1 Chronicles 10:13–14
854:"Endor, the witch of"
674:Of Kings and Prophets
581:(1902). In 1965, the
501:
470:
448:
408:
377:
362:
305:
230:
22:
2705:Magical organization
2220:Witches of Benevento
1460:. Orbit. p. ?.
1240:Spiritualist at Work
647:Samuel the Kingmaker
624:modern Hebrew poetry
620:Shaul Tchernichovsky
618:, and "In Endor" by
549:Die Könige in Israel
416:glosses to the Bible
73:First Book of Samuel
2781:Unidentified people
2322:Newes from Scotland
2282:Malleus Maleficarum
1659:Anglo-Saxon England
1519:Jewish Encyclopedia
1284:Music & Letters
873:Aune, D.E. (1959).
859:Jewish Encyclopedia
671:in the 2016 series
494:Cultural references
446:(1989) writes that
195:), while the Latin
58:, was consulted by
46:, "mistress of the
2761:Ancient occultists
2674:Witches in fiction
2662:In popular culture
2236:historic treatises
1320:The Bible in Music
817:. Louisville, KY:
690:The Witch of Endor
664:The Story of David
587:The Witch of Endor
508:
480:
383:
322:
240:
223:Biblical narrative
201:pythonem in Aendor
176:, in reference to
29:
16:Biblical sorceress
2738:
2737:
2695:Witch (archetype)
2657:
2656:
2606:
2605:
1932:Sympathetic magic
1759:
1758:
1491:978-1-58983-120-9
1362:978-0-8028-3634-2
1330:978-0-8108-8451-9
1268:978-0-567-67115-8
1093:978-1-5329-6891-4
1058:978-1-5331-4568-0
901:. Ada, Michigan:
766:Hoffner, Harry A.
568:David et Jonathas
2808:
2669:Magic in fiction
2499:Northern Moravia
2453:
2452:
2433:Papua New Guinea
2401:
2400:
2185:Nine sorceresses
1937:Witches' Sabbath
1786:Ceremonial magic
1776:Apotropaic magic
1570:
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1349:"Witch of Endor"
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742:
740:1 Samuel 28:3–25
737:
643:Laurence Housman
512:In guiltie night
256:Urim and Thummim
190:
187:, she is called
113:Harry A. Hoffner
98:
97:
77:deuterocanonical
42:
2816:
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2811:
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2806:
2805:
2741:
2740:
2739:
2734:
2678:
2653:
2622:
2602:
2564:
2518:Northern Europe
2513:
2482:
2442:
2392:
2235:
2229:
2112:
2106:
2045:Magical weapons
1995:Flying ointment
1946:
1791:Magical formula
1755:
1692:
1639:Greece and Rome
1561:
1552:
1515:Medium of Endor
1511:
1492:
1474:
1472:Further reading
1469:
1468:
1458:Babylon's Ashes
1454:
1450:
1437:
1436:
1432:
1417:
1413:
1374:
1370:
1363:
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1331:
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1311:
1280:
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1247:
1237:
1236:
1232:
1217:
1213:
1199:
1195:
1184:
1180:
1149:
1145:
1136:. p. 221.
1130:
1126:
1116:
1114:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1094:
1073:
1066:
1059:
1043:
1036:
1031:
1027:
1017:
1013:
1001:. p. 345.
995:
991:
969:
965:
958:
954:
949:2 Samuel 1:6–10
947:
943:
938:1 Samuel 31:1–4
936:
932:
924:
920:
913:
905:. p. 325.
893:
889:
871:
867:
847:
840:
833:
807:
803:
788:10.2307/3262793
763:
759:
754:Sirach 46:19–20
752:
745:
738:
729:
724:
703:Greta Van Fleet
628:Rudyard Kipling
615:Hebrew Melodies
591:William Schuman
496:
465:
414:Other medieval
372:
318:Joseph Glanvill
300:
295:
293:Interpretations
225:
188:
92:Biblical Hebrew
88:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2814:
2804:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2791:Ventriloquists
2788:
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2751:Witch of Endor
2736:
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2487:Eastern Europe
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2239:
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2227:
2225:Witch of Endor
2222:
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2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
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2167:
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2102:Witch's ladder
2099:
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1510:
1509:External links
1507:
1506:
1505:
1496:
1490:
1473:
1470:
1467:
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1448:
1430:
1411:
1378:Hebrew Studies
1368:
1361:
1336:
1329:
1309:
1290:(2): 137–145.
1274:
1267:
1245:
1230:
1211:
1208:. p. 159.
1202:Baldwin, Joyce
1193:
1178:
1143:
1124:
1099:
1092:
1064:
1057:
1034:
1025:
1011:
989:
975:. p. 66.
963:
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911:
903:Baker Academic
887:
865:
850:Hirsh, Emil G.
838:
831:
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757:
743:
726:
725:
723:
720:
651:Howard Nemerov
632:Battle of Loos
553:Ferdinand Ries
495:
492:
472:Witch of Endor
464:
461:
456:Grenville Kent
387:Church Fathers
371:
368:
342:Yalkut Shimoni
330:Book of Sirach
299:
296:
294:
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236:Adam Elsheimer
232:Witch of Endor
224:
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80:Book of Sirach
33:Witch of Endor
15:
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2215:Three Witches
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2175:Morgan le Fay
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2020:Kitchen witch
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983:ventriloquism
980:
974:
967:
961:
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950:
945:
939:
934:
928:, p. 307
927:
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716:Michael Scott
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653:'s 1961 play
652:
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645:'s 1944 play
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524:Henry Purcell
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483:Spiritualists
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376:
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356:According to
354:
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326:ventriloquist
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186:
183:In the Greek
181:
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178:ventriloquism
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38:
34:
26:
21:
2690:Witch (word)
2639:Witch's mark
2448:Early Modern
2384:
2376:
2368:
2360:
2352:
2346:Daemonologie
2344:
2336:
2328:
2320:
2312:
2304:
2298:Laienspiegel
2296:
2288:
2280:
2272:
2264:
2256:
2248:
2224:
2180:Muma Pădurii
2111:Folklore and
2082:Sator Square
2035:Magic circle
2030:Magic carpet
1990:Crystal ball
1927:Spiritualism
1751:Witch doctor
1634:Cunning folk
1480:
1461:
1457:
1451:
1442:
1433:
1424:
1420:
1414:
1381:
1377:
1371:
1352:
1319:
1312:
1287:
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1277:
1258:
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1233:
1224:
1214:
1205:
1196:
1187:
1181:
1156:
1152:
1146:
1137:
1133:
1127:
1115:. Retrieved
1111:
1108:"Necromancy"
1102:
1082:Daemonologie
1079:
1046:
1028:
1018:
1014:
1004:
1002:
998:
992:
982:
978:
976:
972:
966:
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944:
933:
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890:
882:
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868:
857:
812:
804:
775:
769:
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709:
707:
700:
693:
689:
688:
681:
679:
672:
662:
654:
646:
640:
613:
603:
586:
579:Carl Nielsen
572:
566:
558:Le Roi David
556:
555:(1837), and
548:
538:
530:
528:
511:
509:
481:
471:
463:Spiritualism
454:
449:
440:
433:
428:
413:
409:
399:Daemonologie
397:
392:
384:
370:Christianity
363:
355:
350:
340:
338:
323:
311:
308:frontispiece
287:1 Chronicles
280:
276:
272:
260:necromancers
241:
231:
216:
209:
200:
192:
182:
165:
163:
156:
144:
137:
130:
123:
108:
104:
100:
89:
56:Hebrew Bible
47:
43:
32:
30:
24:
2397:Persecution
2266:Formicarius
2210:Spearfinger
2150:Elbow witch
2050:Magic sword
2015:Julleuchter
2000:Goofer dust
1942:White magic
1855:Incantation
1781:Black magic
1736:Renaissance
1704:Chaos magic
1676:Middle East
1607:Philippines
1517:: From the
1384:: 184–185.
979:soothsaying
782:: 385–401.
695:The Expanse
537:(c. 1682),
535:Charpentier
518:written by
424:John Calvin
68:Philistines
2786:Mediumship
2745:Categories
2710:Maleficium
2634:Witch-hunt
2438:Witch camp
2097:Witch ball
2040:Magic ring
2025:Love charm
1880:Necromancy
1875:Moon magic
1870:Mediumship
1865:Love magic
1850:Gray magic
1830:Divination
1629:Benandanti
1559:witchcraft
1159:(6): 8–9.
1080:Annotated
1076:King James
821:. p.
722:References
669:Lyne Renée
659:Dov Reiser
610:Lord Byron
585:premiered
487:mediumship
476:Nikolai Ge
394:King James
252:Philistine
185:Septuagint
149:Babylonian
2611:Classical
2130:Baba Yaga
2113:mythology
1922:Spiritism
1912:Sex magic
1890:Shamanism
1885:Occultism
1840:Evocation
1835:Entheogen
1813:Damnation
1764:Practices
1406:244914687
1173:170802393
1139:spectre".
926:Aune 1959
683:Bewitched
526:in 1691.
283:Amalekite
264:magicians
86:Etymology
2771:Psychics
2644:Pricking
2555:Scotland
2478:Virginia
2468:New York
2463:Maryland
2456:Americas
2205:Sorginak
2195:Pasiphaë
2087:Talisman
2057:Mojo bag
2005:Grimoire
1900:Regional
1845:Familiar
1808:Anathema
1724:Neopagan
1719:Medieval
1624:Akelarre
1398:27087000
1204:(1989).
875:"Medium"
852:(1911).
563:Honegger
547:(1738),
516:oratorio
451:control.
334:Josephus
174:wineskin
170:talisman
142:Ugaritic
128:Akkadian
121:Sumerian
117:cognates
2683:Related
2627:Related
2545:Iceland
2540:Finland
2535:England
2530:Denmark
2494:Hungary
2190:Obayifo
2120:Agamede
2077:Potions
2010:Incense
1951:Objects
1771:Animism
1746:Warlock
1681:Oceania
1664:Britain
1443:mom.com
796:3262793
595:Moondog
478:, 1857.
298:Judaism
205:oracles
197:Vulgate
172:, or a
158:Odyssey
153:Hittite
135:Hittite
2796:Samuel
2596:Basque
2581:Geneva
2576:France
2560:Sweden
2550:Norway
2525:Baltic
2509:Russia
2504:Poland
2405:Modern
2389:(1751)
2381:(1647)
2373:(1627)
2365:(1608)
2357:(1599)
2349:(1597)
2341:(1595)
2333:(1593)
2325:(1591)
2317:(1584)
2309:(1563)
2301:(1509)
2293:(1489)
2285:(1487)
2277:(1484)
2269:(1475)
2261:(1440)
2253:(1376)
2200:Sebile
2155:Hecate
2125:Aradia
2072:Poppet
2067:Nkondi
1980:Censer
1963:Athame
1958:Amulet
1917:Sigils
1905:Yellow
1714:Hoodoo
1709:Goetia
1686:Mākutu
1614:Europe
1585:Azande
1580:Africa
1573:Region
1488:
1404:
1396:
1359:
1327:
1304:732625
1302:
1265:
1171:
1090:
1055:
909:
829:
794:
636:En-Dor
404:Pythia
351:Yalkut
248:Israel
212:elohim
138:a-a-bi
64:Samuel
37:Hebrew
2730:Adept
2591:Spain
2586:Italy
2473:Salem
2428:Nepal
2423:India
2234:Major
2170:Medea
2165:Kalku
2145:Drude
2140:Dayan
2135:Circe
2062:Nkisi
1973:besom
1968:Broom
1895:Black
1825:Demon
1803:Curse
1798:Coven
1729:Wicca
1649:Völva
1644:Seiðr
1619:Italy
1590:Ghana
1566:Types
1555:Magic
1426:year.
1402:S2CID
1394:JSTOR
1300:JSTOR
1169:S2CID
1117:5 Sep
1023:6.14.
792:JSTOR
655:Endor
608:" by
514:, an
347:Abner
268:Endor
244:Ramah
52:Endor
2160:Huld
2092:Wand
1860:Jinn
1818:Jinx
1697:Form
1602:Asia
1557:and
1486:ISBN
1357:ISBN
1325:ISBN
1263:ISBN
1119:2012
1088:ISBN
1053:ISBN
907:ISBN
827:ISBN
606:Saul
540:Saul
385:The
339:The
262:and
199:has
151:and
60:Saul
31:The
1386:doi
1292:doi
1161:doi
823:380
784:doi
714:by
577:by
561:by
551:by
543:by
533:by
474:by
316:by
310:to
234:by
217:ilu
166:’ōḇ
131:âbu
109:’ōḇ
105:’ōḇ
50:in
48:ʾōḇ
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