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814:. In Württemberg, there were crop failures which gave rise to food prices. In the winter of 1816/1817, famine broke out. To alleviate the plight, the government fixed maximum prices for food, made exporting difficult and later banned it. Large amounts of grain were brought from outside the country. The famine was alleviated by the King and Queen, whose policies were aimed at long-term improvement in the economic situation of all social classes. William implemented agricultural reforms, while Catherine devoted her care to the poor. On 20 November 1818 William set up an Agricultural Academy in Hohenheim to radically improve general nutrition in the kingdom through teaching, experimentation and demonstration and, in so doing, laid the foundation for the
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Festival), it was therefore the 1st
Cannstatter Volksfest. 200 years later Cannstatter Volksfest and the 100th Landwirtschaftliches Hauptfest are celebrated with a historical Volksfest on Stuttgart's Schlossplatz square. Cannstatter Volksfest and the 100th Landwirtschaftliches Hauptfest (an agricultural show)—the founding of the biggest festival in "Ländle", as the state of Baden-Württemberg is affectionately known, by King William I and his wife Katharina will be remembered in the heart of Stuttgart on the Schlossplatz square from 26 September to 3 October 2018. At the Historical Volksfest 2018 with King William I and his wife Katharina (actors) will be dressed in historical costumes dating back to 1818.
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700:. Leading the advance, Frederick William decided not to wait for his infantry to catch up but to attack with his cavalry alone. The result was a crushing Allied victory as the French corps suffered losses of 2,000 killed and wounded while losing 4,000 prisoners, 45 cannons and 100 ammunition wagons. A nearby 4,300-strong French division with 16 cannons was also caught and completely wiped out. The Allies sustained 2,000 casualties out of 28,000 men and 80 guns engaged. At the
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1586:) grown from seed in 1865. He had the seeds sent from California. Today, after 158–159 years, the remaining examples have reached a height of over 30 metres (100 ft). Their older Californian relatives, with a height of 80 metres (260 ft) and a trunk circumference of more than 30 metres (100 ft), are the largest living organisms on our planet. Of the original 5,000 trees, 123 of the Giant Sequoia remain as memorials of King William.
552:, Frederick wanted to bring his son back to Württemberg. Frederick William went in October to Paris, where he was received on 14 October by Napoleon. Elector Frederick prevented the planned marriage of his son with Therese von Abel through diplomatic interventions, though separating the two did not happen until the autumn of 1804. During his time in Paris, Frederick William received financial support from the Landstände and later from Napoleon.
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had only 99 deputies and did not reach a quorum according to its own rules. On 18 June the Württemberg army occupied the parliamentary chamber before the session started. The deputies reacted by organising an impromptu protest march which was promptly squashed by the soldiers without bloodshed. Those deputies that were not from Württemberg were expelled.
668:, Württemberg agreed to raise an army for the Allies of 12,250 regular infantry, 2,900 cavalry and 12,250 militia. By strenuous efforts this quota was filled. At first, the Württemberger contingent was designated the German VI Corps, but in a subsequent reorganization it became the IV Corps in the main Allied army of Austrian Field Marshal
1177:. On 18 March 1848 the Württemberg army was sworn not to the king but to the Constitution. Although Römer never had the confidence of William, he made sure that during the revolution in Württemberg, a majority for the abolition of the monarchy was never formed. In April, the Württemberg army was involved in the crackdown on the
1387:. A few hours later, a memorial service was held there in which his widow Queen Pauline, his daughter-in-law Queen Olga, his daughters Queen Sophie of the Netherlands, Princess Catherine and Princess Augusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, his nephew Grand Duke Constantine of Russia and his stepson Peter of Oldenburg, were present.
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and 19 years his junior. The wedding took place on 19 April 1820 at
Stuttgart. Pauline tended to be rather pious and was a prude. For example, when her daughter was to be painted naked as a baby, Pauline refused it. The beginning of the marriage was outwardly harmonious and the royal couple undertook
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William's marriage looked happy to outsiders, but in actuality was completely shattered. He was constantly accompanied by his mistress, Amalie, on private visits. He did not trust his son, Prince
Charles, to takeover governmental functions; Charles's homosexual inclinations troubled him. He was very
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On 17 June the president of the parliament was informed that the Württemberg government was no longer in a position to tolerate the meetings that had moved to its territory, nor the activities of the regency elected on the 6th, anywhere in
Stuttgart or Württemberg. At this point, the rump parliament
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In 1846 and 1847, poor harvests in Württemberg gave rise to famine and increased emigration. The relatively satisfied mood of the population became sour. Liberal and democratic demands were expressed more forcefully. In
January 1848 a protest in Stuttgart called for an all-German Federal Parliament,
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is a breed of pig. On the orders of King
William I, these "masked" pigs were imported from Central China in 1820/21, in order to improve pig breeding in the Kingdom of Württemberg. Cross-breeding local breeds with these "Chinese pigs" was particularly successful within stocks of domestic pigs in the
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River. The defending force included an
Austrian brigade. The first French attacks in the morning were driven off, but by the mid-afternoon Napoleon was on the scene with 30,000 troops and 70 cannons. Frederick William ordered a retreat, but the movement quickly degenerated into a mad dash for safety
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On 2 July
William returned to Stuttgart. In August 1849 elections were held for a Constituent Assembly in which the democrats reached the majority against the moderate liberals. While the liberals called for the right to an income level and assets, the democrats demanded universal, equal and direct
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King
Frederick died on 30 October 1816, at 1:30 am. On the same day, Catherine, who already had two sons from her first marriage, gave birth to their daughter Marie Friederike Charlotte. Although in King Frederick's declining years, he and his son no longer had any political and personal conflicts,
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After returning to Württemberg in 1801, Frederick
William and his brother Paul began liaisons with the daughters of the landscape architect, Konradin von Abel. Frederick William fell in love with Therese von Abel, four years his senior. At that time there were clashes between Duke Frederick and the
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in 1785, the relationship between the parents continued to deteriorate. Augusta sought sanctuary from her abusive marriage and asked the Empress for protection in 1786. Catherine forced Frederick and his children to leave Russia and placed Augusta in the custody of a former royal huntsman, Reinhold
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On 28 September 1818, one day after the king's 36th birthday, a big agricultural festival with horse races and prize-giving for outstanding cattle-breeding achievements was celebrated on the so-called Cannstatter Wasen site. Named the "Landwirtschaftliche Fest zu Kannstadt" (Kannstadt Agricultural
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in Stuttgart. Following its view of itself as the legitimate German parliament, the rump parliament called for tax resistance and military resistance against those states that did not accept the Paulskirche Constitution. Since this view also diminished the autonomy of Württemberg, and the Prussian
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a solid wooden column was built, which was replaced two years later by the central stone "Jubiläumssäule" (Jubilee Pillar). The whole town was decorated, fireworks were set off in the evening and bonfires were made all around the country. William was celebrated by patriotic poems and songs in the
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to be regent. The parliament proposed, on 8 March 1849, that Frederick William of Prussia should be elected Emperor of Germany. Römer advised William to accept this choice, but if Frederick William refused, Römer advised William he had a good chance of being elected emperor himself. This flattery
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and she was buried in 1824. To cover up the circumstances of her death he tried to obtain her letters, which he suspected contained information about his love affairs. The main political reason for this was so Württemberg's relationship with Russia would not be strained. William wrote in a letter
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was also simplified and he reduced the colours of the state flag of black, red and gold, to simply black and red. He also announced an amnesty for civil and military prisoners. William dismissed most of the ministers of state, made the Privy Council his government and gave new senior positions at
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suggested a coup against Elector Frederick, in which his son was to replace him, but Frederick William opposed the suggestion. This act is regarded as the main reason for William's subsequent aversion to Napoleon. Frederick refused to involve his son in the affairs of state, but gave him his own
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Duke Frederick's relationship with his son also deteriorated. Frederick William often rebelled against his upbringing and his father. In 1799, Frederick William's escape plans were discovered and his father had him temporarily arrested. After his release, Frederick William began studying at the
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as Minister of the Interior. He was a more compliant rubber stamp for William's restoration policy. The old constitution was re-enacted, the army was sworn in again on the king rather than the Constitution, corporal punishment was reintroduced in 1852 and the death penalty in 1853. Linden's
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in 1841, the kingdom was in excellent financial shape. On 27 September 1841 William celebrated his 60th birthday. On 28 September, a procession took place in Stuttgart with 10,390 participants, including 640 riders and 23 horses and wagons with teams of oxen from the entire kingdom. 200,000
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across the single bridge with French cavalry in hot pursuit. The Allies lost 2,600 killed and wounded, plus 3,400 soldiers and 15 field pieces captured. The French lost 2,000 but captured the vital bridge intact. The Württembergers reported 806 killed and wounded, not counting prisoners.
633:. After lengthy negotiations took place, the pair were married on 8 June 1808 in Munich. Since it was purely a marriage of convenience and Frederick William had no interest in a deeper relationship with his wife, Charlotte became increasingly lonely in Stuttgart. Frederick often stayed in
540:(the Landstände) on domestic and foreign policy issues. Konradin von Abel represented the foreign policy interests of the estates and was supported by Frederick William, who moved against the interests of his father's policies. In 1803 Frederick William fled Württemberg to Paris, Vienna,
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King William became increasingly hard of hearing with age and underwent frequent treatment from the 1850s. In the autumn of 1863, his condition deteriorated. He had little contact with his family, whereas his mistress Amalie was constantly with him. He was often visited by the writer
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was a backdrop for liberal and democratic rallies, the call for banned political gatherings was answered. William moved to convene the parliament elected in 1831 for over a year until 15 January 1833. After the dissolution of parliament on 22 March, elections were held in April, and
715:, and the two were in love. After Charlotte, King Frederick and King Maximilian Joseph had agreed to the divorce, a divorce court was convened by King Frederick on 31 August 1814. Both parties had indicated that the marriage was not consummated because of animosity. Annulment by
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to a constitution on 25 September 1819. In his 48-year reign, the kingdom moved from one that was created from different denominational principalities and a heterogeneous agricultural country, into a constitutional state with a common identity and a well-organised management.
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abdicated and fled into exile to England, William recognised the urgency of the situation and tried the stop the revolution through concessions to the liberals and democrats. On 1 March he reinstated the liberal press law of 1817, which had been overturned previously by the
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From 1850 William led a reactionary policy. His experience in the revolution led him to reject generally representative governments. He wanted the people to be "free from the periodic fever of elections". On 2 July 1850 he set up a new government with the conservative
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from 16 to 19 October 1813, Württemberg moved to the side of the coalition against Napoleon. Frederick William then took over the command of the Army of Württemberg, which was reinforced by Austrian troops in November. On 30 December the army crossed the Rhine at
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King William I and his third wife Queen Pauline (above), with their children Crown Prince Charles (centre), Catherine (bottom left) and Augusta (bottom right) and the king's two daughters from his second marriage Princesses Sophie (centre left) and Marie (centre
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On 20 April 1849 the Chamber of Deputies voted in the Landtag with only two dissenting votes in favour of recognising the constitution drafted by the Frankfurt Parliament on 28 March 1849. William refused to do so and justified his refusal in a supplement to the
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While William did not mention his wife Pauline in his will, he made sure that his former mistresses Therese of Abel and Blanche La Flèche received pensions. Queen Pauline and King Charles insisted Amalie of Stubenrauch left court and she moved to an estate in
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William continued to maintain extramarital relationships with other women. When travelling to Italy, he continued to meet with Blanche La Flèche. In the late 1820s, the royal couple became increasingly alienated. William began a relationship with the actress
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had become possible in 1821, and the road network was expanded. Plans were produced for the construction of the first railways. William was very interested in the emerging industrialisation and visited, in 1837, the United Kingdom, the birthplace of the
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were incorporated into the Kingdom of Prussia. William's objective of mediatising these states into Württemberg therefore failed. The-then shattered relationship with Prussia was not normalised until 1852 with the resumption of diplomatic relations.
719:, which was necessary because Charlotte was Catholic, did not take place until over a year later on 12 January 1816, shortly before the wedding of Frederick William and Catherine. Charlotte then married on 10 November 1816, the Austrian Emperor
810:, which led to a long-term deterioration of global weather conditions. In the spring and summer of 1816 there was nowhere in Europe without a storm, rain or hail. In October the first snow fell in Württemberg. The year 1816 became known as the
1344:. She often had to mediate between her husband and her father-in-law, which over long periods led to a tense relationship between her and William. His daughters from his marriage to Catherine both had marital disputes with their husbands,
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customs union. William signed a Bavaria–Württemberg Customs Union (BWCU) in 1828, with mixed results. In 1828–34 the BWCU signed commercial agreements and then became full members of the German Customs Union. Seen now as a precursor of
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on 24 January 1814. One source asserted that IV Corps suffered 900 casualties in this combat while their Austrian allies lost 837. French losses were about 1,200. The IV Corps participated in the Allied victory over Napoleon at the
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of small countries in Germany to the four central states of Bavaria, Saxony, Hanover and Württemberg, which together should form a counterweight to the great powers of Prussia and Austria. It was suggested Württemberg should gain
968:. After a stint in March 1827, in the autumn of 1828 she became permanent at the Stuttgart Court Theatre, where William soon became aware of her. William and Amelia would keep up their relationship until William's death in 1864.
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met. From this point, a Prussian envoy in Württemberg was established. At various times William was interested in forming a "Third Germany" of smaller states outside the control of Vienna and Berlin, but this never took form.
885:, who later became Queen of the Netherlands, was born on 17 June 1818. Despite the outwardly harmonious marriage of William and Catherine, William had extramarital affairs. He took to his former lover Blanche La Flèche again.
1215:. On 25 April, William decided to accept the constitution. But he felt it was imposed humiliation, which was multiplied when he realized that he was the only ruler of a larger German state who had accepted the Constitution.
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Wilhelm von Pohlmann, by whom she allegedly later became pregnant. In the exhumation ordered by William himself, several years after, this was proven wrong. She died in 1788. In 1790, Frederick and his two sons moved to
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against Napoleon and was defeated and occupied within a few weeks. Napoleon wanted Württemberg to be bound to him closer by marriage. On 13 August 1807 Frederick William's sister, Catherine, married Napoleon's brother
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court headed by his friend, Ernst von Pfuel-Riepurr, who had accompanied him in his time out of the country. Frederick William took the time to further his education, including acquiring a knowledge of agriculture.
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837:. Around the country, Catherine set up charities, which were controlled by a national charity in Stuttgart. Donations were received from the private property of the royal couple, by Catherine's mother the
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in Baden. In June 1848, a new parliament was selected in which Römer's liberals again received the majority in the upper chamber. William visited Frankfurt in July 1848, where since 18 May that year the
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In the 1850s, the polarity between Prussia and Austria came to a head in Germany. William pursued a foreign policy strategy shifting alliances and agreements with the major European powers. In the
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829:, which was to take place annually on 28 September, a day after the king's birthday. William bought cattle and sheep from abroad for farmers to raise them in Württemberg and he was known for his
841:, and by other members of the royal family. The Württembergische Landessparkasse (Wurttemberg State Savings Bank) was established on 12 May 1818 on Catherine's initiative. At the same time, a
484:, who was Frederick William's grandfather. Frederick William's father thus became Hereditary Prince (Erbprinz) in 1795, then duke on 23 December 1797. In 1797, Duke Frederick's father married
1029:, resigned. The popularity of William rose in liberal circles. Reprisals, however, meant that William had to give in. In November 1824 Württemberg agreed to an extension of the anti-liberal
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Frederick William was eager to display a new era of political change and power. As such, he did away with his first name of Frederick and chose his second name of Wilhelm (William) as his
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With the fall of Napoleon, Frederick William took the opportunity to begin divorce proceedings from his wife. He had been in the United Kingdom in June 1814 with his cousin Grand Duchess
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between Russia, Austria and Prussia had ended on the outbreak of the Crimean War. On 27 September 1857 a meeting organised by William was held in Stuttgart between Napoléon III and Tsar
1297:. This strengthened the position of the Württemberg ally of Russia. After the Crimean War, William tried to normalise his country's relations with France. The French emperor since 1852,
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at the court of his brother-in-law, Jérôme. Here he met Jérôme's former lover, Blanche La Flèche, Baroness of Keudelstein. He began an affair with her, which he later continued as king.
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Diplomatic relations between Württemberg and Prussia and Austria were also limited at this time. From 1836 William tried to better relations with Prussia. In September 1836 Prince
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in 1822, the great powers of Austria, Prussia and Russia launched an isolation on Württemberg. In the spring of 1823, diplomatic relations were broken off, the foreign minister,
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in the presence of his personal physician, Dr. Karl Alsatian, and a valet. On the morning of 30 June, in the presence of his son and successor, King Charles and his stepson
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818:. To help people to help themselves, the government planted alleys of fruit-trees. (Dienstbarkeit on private ground near streets). The tree farms from William, also the
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On 24 January 1816, Frederick William married Catherine in St. Petersburg. The newly-weds stayed in Russia for a few months and arrived in Stuttgart on 13 April 1816.
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on his side, so Württemberg was forced, after some hesitation, to yield to French pressure and also enter into an alliance with Napoleon. The French Foreign Minister
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in December 1800. In 1803 he attained the rank of Imperial Major General. Contemporaries have credited him with profound military knowledge, courage and bravery.
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http://www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/inhalt.historisches-volksfest-2018-in-stuttgart-zurueck-zu-den-wurzeln-des-volksfests.5e0d9a5b-c1cb-4d5d-980f-8b374e70dfde.html
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Decree of 5 October 1851 (reprinted in the Württemberg Official Gazette No. 247) and Act of 2 April 1852 (reprinted in the Württemberg Official Gazette No. 81)
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against Russia in 1830/1831 reinforced this trend. In December 1831, the Liberals won the elections to the second chamber of the Württemberg Landtag. At the
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suffrage for all adult men. At the end of October 1849 the king dismissed the government under Friedrich Römer. On 7 December 1849 the principalities of
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under Prussia in 1871, at the time it was hoped that stronger local economies would preserve the independence of the smaller states such as Württemberg.
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The 1830s were characterised by an economic boom in Württemberg. Agriculture, trade and crafts flourished and debt and taxes were down. Shipping on the
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In addition to his successful domestic policy, he pursued throughout his reign an ambition focused on German and European foreign policy. Alongside the
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984:) was published in London. The book contained a review of the historical development and the political situation in Germany. It called for a further
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newspapers. The celebrations and participation around the country expressed how the country had become unified and connected under William's reign.
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1009:(1772–1845), who was somewhat of a personal assistant to William. It was assumed that William was behind this idea and that Lindner acted as his
470:. He made sure that his sons' educators were from Württemberg and their education, at the behest of their father, was regulated and very strict.
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572:, where in November he met his father for the first time in a few years. His return was mainly due to the change in the political climate. The
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Toll, Harald Baron (1901). Prinzessin Auguste von Württemberg in Beiträgen zur Kunde Ehst-, Liv- und Kurlands, book 1. Vol. 4. pp. 81–83.
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until evening. Accordingly, the Crown Prince placed 8,500 foot soldiers, 1,000 horsemen and 26 artillery pieces on the north bank of the
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644:, while safeguarding its own eastern borders. Frederick William received the command of the troops deployed for border defence. During
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1395:, located next to the Villa Arco, which they had acquired in 1862. She died there on 14 April 1876 and was buried in Tegernsee.
1324:). Especially in his old age, European princes often sought his advice. His biographer Paul Sauer therefore referred to him as "
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freedom of the press, freedom of association and assembly, introduction of jury trials and arming of the people. In February, a
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on 3 January 1819, with a lover (presumably Blanche La Fleche), she travelled back to Stuttgart. She died of complications from
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that he was considering abdication. He wanted his brother Paul to renounce his claim to the throne, in favour of Paul's son,
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died on 24 October 1793. He had ruled for 56 years and as he had no legitimate offspring, the duchy passed to his brothers,
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of 1848, he pursued reactionary policies that counteracted his liberal image from before the revolution. He died in 1864 at
1211:) with a circulation of 12,000 copies. Given the tricky situation of Stuttgart, he moved his court to the garrison city of
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625:. In order to prevent Napoleon arranging a marriage for him, Frederick William sought permission from his father to marry
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1013:. The manuscript caused diplomatic tensions between Prussia and Austria on one side and Württemberg on the other. At the
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1173:, but this failed on 6 March as a result of further protests. William then agreed to forming a liberal government under
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König Wilhelm und Königin Katharina von Württemberg. Studien zur höfischen Repräsentation im Spiegel der Hofdiarien.
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1005:. Soon it became known that the published name of the author and editor of the book were fake. The real author was
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434:) on 27 September 1781, Frederick William (known as "Fritz" until the beginning of his reign) was the son of Duke
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386:. Although this plan never succeeded, it ensured a consistent, coherent and targeted policy during his reign.
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889:, born on 26 February 1818 is thought to have been his illegitimate son. When Catherine found her husband in
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of Great Britain. They then began to look for a wife for Frederick William and potential brides included the
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672:. It marched to war with 14,000 men and 24 artillery pieces. Frederick William directed his corps in the
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The relationship between his mother and father was one of strife and discord. His father had entered the
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On 11 September 1805 Frederick William left Paris and returned (after a visit to his grandparents, the
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1076:, visited Stuttgart. 1838 saw a return visit by King William to Berlin, where he and cousin, the Tsar
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1316:. The emperors agreed that Russia would not intervene in any war that France would have in assisting
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Soon after the death of Queen Catherine, William sought a new marriage. He looked again to a cousin,
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Bemerkungen über die Ständeversammlung in Deutschland und Vorschläge über die Art ihrer Verbesserung
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In stürmischen Zeiten – die Jugendjahre König Wilhelms I. von Württemberg ; historischer Roman
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1531:, and leaving no issue was succeeded by his nephew King William II of Württemberg (born 1848–1921);
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from September 1814, where diplomats drew up a new Europe following Napoleon's downfall. After the
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on 6 March 1823 was received by the people and the royal family with great joy. Their third child
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Napoleon III, William I and Alexander II at the Meeting of the Two Emperors at Stuttgart in 1857.
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William's accession to the throne fell into a time of great economic hardship. In April 1815,
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3153:(1858), "Der Großherzogliche Haus und Verdienst-orden des Herzogs Peter Friedrich Ludwig" p.
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After the Frankfurt Parliament had failed with the rejection of the German imperial crown by
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Les Grand'Croix de la Légion d'honneur de 1805 à nos jours. Titulaires français et étrangers
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2025:
1947:
1929:
1776:
1455:
1345:
1236:
696:
On 25 March, the main Allied army came upon a 19,000-man French corps by surprise in the
665:
648:, Frederick William was again in command of troops. The campaign was devastating for the
585:
450:
449:
in 1774, then moved shortly after William's birth to the service of the Russian Empress,
418:
3577:
3369:
1273:
1889:
1797:
1739:
1701:
1325:
1106:
1014:
850:
727:
467:
379:
371:
363:
94:
1367:
Transfer of the body of William I, in the early morning hours of 30 June 1864, to the
859:
3552:
3537:
3522:
3504:
3464:
3449:
3387:
3354:
3332:
3311:
3280:
3128:[Military William Order: Württemberg, Frederick William Charles, Prince of].
3060:
2822:
2801:
2759:
2016:
1987:
1376:
1261:
1186:
1170:
1041:
1040:
of 1830, the Liberals were buoyant in most of Europe, as well as in Württemberg. The
944:
official duties and many activities together. On 24 August 1821 their first daughter
886:
807:
653:
398:
375:
346:
Upon William's accession, Württemberg was suffering crop failures and famine in the "
237:
116:
3303:
1780:
1444:
1436:
1182:
1178:
1166:
1161:
1049:
1030:
704:
on 30 March, 6,500 Württembergers fought, losing 160 killed, wounded and captured.
2950:
1580:
In order to cultivate them for their wood, the King had some 5,000 Giant Sequoia (
1151:. All the participants are identified on the painting's page at Wikimedia Commons.
927:
3324:
3223:
3001:
2819:
Das Tagebuch der Eveline von Massenbach. Hofdame der Königin Olga von Württemberg
1645:
1626:
1227:
1045:
1037:
819:
581:
367:
332:
3461:
Die Verbesserung des Weinbaus in Württemberg unter König Wilhelm I. (1816–1864).
3168:(1851), "Von Seiner Majestät dem Könige Friedrich Wilhelm III. ernannte Ritter"
2889:
1298:
1239:, the Württemberg government rapidly distanced itself from the rump parliament.
652:. Of the 15,800 soldiers, only a few hundred returned to Württemberg. After the
1923:
1286:
1126:
1073:
1053:
577:
524:
in the spring of 1800, Frederick William, who had joined as a volunteer in the
548:. In Saarburg, Therese gave birth to twins, who died shortly after birth. Now
3768:
3536:
Herausgegeben von Pro Alt-Cannstatt e. V., Silberburg-Verlag, Tübingen 2002,
3298:, vol. 1 (3 volumes ed.), London: Garnstone Press, pp. 97, 223
1309:
1265:
conservative cabinet remained until shortly after William's death in office.
1231:
1230:"), on 6 June 1849, the remaining 154 deputies met initially under President
830:
803:
747:
716:
664:
Despite having suffered heavy losses in 1812 and 1813 fighting as an ally of
446:
2752:
Parlamentarismus in Württemberg 1815–1870. Anatomie eines deutschen Landtags
3496:
3166:
Liste der Ritter des Königlich Preußischen Hohen Ordens vom Schwarzen Adler
1831:
1504:(born 1848–1921) the last King of Württemberg who succeeded his uncle King
1454:
Princess Marie Friederike Charlotte of Württemberg (1816–1887) who married
834:
731:
541:
3435:
Wilhelm I., König von Württemberg. Ein Bild seines Lebens und seiner Zeit.
1235:
army was successfully crushing the rebellions in the nearby Baden and the
576:, which had been at war with Napoleon since 1803, formed an alliance with
3646:
3379:
1848:
1282:
1212:
1130:
spectators had come to the capital, which had 40,000 inhabitants. On the
1084:
1010:
842:
782:
454:
359:
308:
1490:(1780–1857), by whom he had one son and heir and two further daughters:
1363:
845:
authority was set up in the Ministry of Interior. The completion of the
738:
which in one of the minor campaigns invaded France and besieged General
658:
3514:
3430:(ADB). Volume 43, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1898, p. 209–213.
1904:
1520:
1403:
1101:
743:
489:
3207:
Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach
3126:"Militaire Willems-Orde: Würtemberg, Friedrich Wilhelm Carl Prinz von"
1360:. Before his death, he had his private letters and records destroyed.
1169:
in 1819. He tried to replace the Privy Council under the conservative
1475:
1392:
894:
739:
684:
On 18 February 1814, Schwarzenberg ordered Frederick William to hold
569:
120:
964:. Born in 1803, she started her acting career in 1823 at the Munich
389:
William was the only German monarch who was forced to recognise the
545:
521:
2994:
2948:
1293:
and Great Britain on the other, he pushed for a neutrality of the
772:
1756:
1722:
273:
1199:
increased, however, only the mistrust of William against Römer.
734:
and the subsequent war in 1815, Frederick William commanded the
1547:
Charles Augustus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
1508:
and ruled from 1891 until the abolition of the kingdom in 1918.
1417:
1113:
1002:
849:
in 1828 was initiated via a donation by Catherine in 1817. The
634:
431:
99:
600:
From 1 January 1806, the territorial gains as a result of the
3308:
Lines of Succession: Heraldry of the Royal Families of Europe
3277:
The Fall of Napoleon: The Allied Invasion of France 1813–1814
689:
457:. Although William's mother gave birth in 1783 to his sister
427:
90:
2853:
König Wilhelm von Württemberg und die europäischen Dynastien
3279:. Vol. 1. New York, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press.
1383:, he was buried alongside his second wife Catherine in the
752:
3875:
Recipients of the Order of St. George of the Second Degree
2922:
Königlich-Württembergisches Hof- und Staats-Handbuch: 1815
2695:
2599:
3519:
Reformer auf dem Königsthron. Wilhelm I. von Württemberg.
3083:
Hof- und Staatshandbuch für das Königreich Hannover: 1863
2798:
Reformer auf dem Königsthron. Wilhelm I. von Württemberg
2659:
640:
In 1809, Napoléon had Württemberg commit troops for his
370:, he imagined a third major German power in the form of
3840:
Commanders Cross of the Military Order of Maria Theresa
2647:
2623:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2550:
1874:
Grand Cross of the Order of Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig
1375:
William died at 5:10 on the morning of 25 June 1864 at
604:
enlarged the Electorate of Württemberg and it became a
339:; 27 September 1781 – 25 June 1864) was
3845:
Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
3118:
2756:
Handbuch der Geschichte des deutschen Parlamentarismus
2587:
2575:
1560:
1340:
fond of his daughter-in-law and niece, Crown Princess
3870:
Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
2635:
2611:
914:, the-then regent and later Grand Duke of Oldenburg.
797:
3855:
Knights Grand Cross of the Military Order of William
3417:. Volume 58. L C Zamarski, Vienna, 1889, p. 246
3151:
Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Großherzogtums Oldenburg
2683:
2671:
2547:
1439:, Russia, he married his first cousin Grand Duchess
3686:The generations are numbered from the ascension of
3107:
Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogthums Hessen
2975:
Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Kaiserthumes Österreich
2971:"Ritter-Orden: Militärischer Maria-Theresien-Orden"
3479:Zeitschrift für Württembergische Landesgeschichte.
3414:Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich
3045:. (1863). Braunschweigisches Adreßbuch, 1863. p. 6
2914:
2912:
2192:Frederick William, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt
1539:Prince Hermann of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1825–1901)
1432:(1765–1796). They divorced in 1814, without issue;
726:Frederick William and Catherine also attended the
3830:Austrian Empire commanders of the Napoleonic Wars
3501:Das Haus Württemberg. Ein biographisches Lexikon.
2857:Zeitschrift für Württembergische Landesgeschichte
787:Wilhelm, by the Grace of God, King of Württemberg
3766:
3422:Wilhelm I. Friedrich Karl, König von Württemberg
3013:Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden
2000:
3310:, London: Little, Brown & Co, p. 208,
3184:. l'Académie Imp. des Sciences. 1817. pp.
2909:
1500:(1808–1870) by whom she was the mother of King
461:, then later that year to Sophia Dorothea, and
3225:Staatshandbuch für den Freistaat Sachsen: 1850
3079:
3059:. Paris: Archives & Culture. p. 539.
3043:Braunschweigisches Adreßbuch für das Jahr 1863
3028:Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Bayern
2944:
2942:
2940:
1515:(born 1823–1891), who succeeded his father as
1430:Princess Augusta Wilhelmine of Hesse-Darmstadt
1320:in a war against Austria (later to become the
1100:One area of co-operation with Prussia was the
939:(1800–1873) who was the daughter of his uncle
785:. He reduced the monarchical titles to simply
3662:
3302:
2890:http://www.historisches-volksfest.de/en/home/
49:30 October 1816 – 25 June 1864
3551:. DRW-Verlag, Leinfelden-Echterdingen 2003,
3073:
2727:"Domestic pig of Schwäbisch Hall – Wilhelma"
2340:Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick
3570:Portraits of William I, King of Württemberg
3329:The End of Empire: Napoleon's 1814 Campaign
2949:J ..... -H ..... -Fr ..... Berlien (1846).
2937:
2918:
1575:
865:
584:. Napoleon had Württemberg's neighbours of
3676:
3669:
3655:
3576:
3293:
3182:Almanach de la cour: pour l'année ... 1817
2560:
2218:Princess Friederike of Brandenburg-Schwedt
1451:(1759–1828) by whom he had two daughters:
1138:
931:Queen Pauline and her son Charles in 1825.
922:
917:
27:
3374:(4th ed.), Westminster: A. Constable
3353:. Mechanicsburg, Penn.: Stackpole Books.
2868:Official Württemberg Gazette, 2 July 1864
2398:Duchess Augusta of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
2314:Charles I, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
2130:Princess Marie Auguste of Thurn and Taxis
1478:he married another first cousin, Duchess
264:Augusta, Princess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
33:Portrait by Georg Friedrich Erhardt, 1880
3825:German commanders of the Napoleonic Wars
3409:Württemberg, Wilhelm Friedrich Karl King
3323:
3274:
2617:
2605:
2593:
2581:
2492:Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
2372:Princess Philippine Charlotte of Prussia
2098:Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Württemberg
1402:
1362:
1330:
1301:, was the nephew of his brother-in-law,
1272:
1268:
1142:
1083:
926:
881:Catherine and William's second daughter
869:
771:
436:Frederick William Charles of Württemberg
417:
3850:Recipients of the Iron Cross, 2nd class
3367:
3209:(1859), "Großherzogliche Hausorden" p.
2903:"King William Sequoiadendron giganteum"
2701:
1813:Grand Cross of the Royal Guelphic Order
1194:met and on 29 June 1848 and had chosen
203: 1816; died 1819)
3767:
3331:. Solihull, UK: Helion & Company.
2413:
2293:
2289:
2279:
2171:
2072:Charles Alexander, Duke of Württemberg
2061:
2057:
1398:
1147:"Reporting to King William" (1847) by
1065:'s liberals again emerged victorious.
976:In October 1820 a manuscript entitled
401:in Bad Cannstatt and is buried in the
343:from 30 October 1816 until his death.
3865:Extra Knights Companion of the Garter
3650:
3378:
3345:
2952:Der Elephanten-Orden und seine Ritter
2689:
2677:
2665:
2653:
2641:
2629:
2489:
2479:
2475:
2463:
2457:
2447:
2431:
2421:
2417:
2401:
2395:
2385:
2369:
2359:
2355:
2343:
2337:
2327:
2311:
2301:
2297:
2273:
2263:
2247:
2237:
2233:
2221:
2215:
2205:
2189:
2179:
2175:
2159:
2153:
2143:
2127:
2117:
2113:
2101:
2095:
2085:
2069:
2065:
2047:Ancestors of William I of Württemberg
670:Karl Philipp, Prince of Schwarzenberg
555:
422:Portrait of a young Frederick William
16:King of Württemberg from 1816 to 1864
3820:Burials at the Württemberg Mausoleum
3296:The Book of Kings: A Royal Genealogy
3054:
1158:revolution broke out again in France
629:, the daughter of the Bavarian King
610:dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire
245:Princess Marie, Countess of Neipperg
3860:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
2250:Princess Sophia Dorothea of Prussia
1561:1st Cannstatter Volksfest 1818–2018
1285:between Russia on one hand and the
474:Charles Eugene, Duke of Württemberg
13:
3401:
1322:Second Italian War of Independence
798:Measures against economic hardship
627:Charlotte (later Caroline) Augusta
393:of 1848. After the failure of the
14:
3886:
3835:Generals of the Holy Roman Empire
3795:Hereditary princes of Württemberg
3785:19th-century kings of Württemberg
3574:National Portrait Gallery, London
3563:
2778:. Stuttgart Archives G268 Tuft 24
2460:Princess Augusta of Great Britain
1494:Princess Catherine of Württemberg
1443:(1788–1819), daughter of Emperor
566:Duchess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
520:erupted and France marched under
480:in 1793, then two years later to
440:Augusta of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
299:Augusta of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
254:Princess Catherine of Württemberg
3015:(1834), "Großherzogliche Orden"
2434:Frederick Lewis, Prince of Wales
2017:Honorary Grand Cross of the Bath
2002:
1980:
1959:
1916:
1883:
1862:
1841:
1820:
1790:
1770:
1749:
1732:
1715:
1694:
1673:
1638:
1597:
982:Manuscript from Southern Germany
948:was born. The birth of the heir
858:and the area around the town of
794:court and in the civil service.
621:, the king of the newly created
453:, who appointed him Governor of
318:
249:Sophie, Queen of the Netherlands
175:
3534:Cannstatt und seine Geschichte.
3437:Schwabenverlag, Stuttgart 1960.
3407:Constantin von Wurzbach :
3252:
3232:
3215:
3200:
3174:
3159:
3144:
3098:
3048:
3036:
3021:
3006:
2988:
2963:
2895:
2883:
2871:
2862:
2845:
2840:Der Roman meines Lebens Band II
2832:
2811:
2790:
2781:
2769:
2744:
2733:
2719:
2707:
1971:Grand Cross of the White Falcon
1653:Military Order of Maria Theresa
1543:Pauline of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
1535:Princess Augusta of Württemberg
1496:(1821–1898) who married Prince
1435:Secondly on 24 January 1816 in
1220:Frederick William IV of Prussia
825:In the same year he set up the
225:
200:
171:
3448:. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1984,
3427:Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie
3294:McNaughton, C. Arnold (1973),
3030:(1863), "Königliche Orden" p.
2838:Friedrich Wilhelm Hackländer:
2566:
1939:Knight of St. Alexander Nevsky
1480:Pauline Therese of Württemberg
1467:William III of the Netherlands
1449:Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg
1426:Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria
1424:(1792–1873), daughter of King
1350:William III of the Netherlands
1328:among the princes of Europe".
897:on 9 January. William had the
762:
612:. In 1806, Prussia joined the
259:Charles I, King of Württemberg
214:Pauline Therese of Württemberg
1:
3442:König Wilhelm I. (1816–1864).
3384:The Napoleonic Wars Data Book
3275:Leggiere, Michael V. (2007).
3268:
3055:M. Wattel; B. Wattel (2009).
2026:Stranger Knight of the Garter
1744:Grand Cross of Henry the Lion
1465:(1818–1877) who married King
978:Manuskript aus Süddeutschland
3790:Crown princes of Württemberg
3503:Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1997,
3228:. Heinrich. 1850. p. 4.
2995:"A Szent István Rend tagjai"
1555:
1488:Henrietta of Nassau-Weilburg
1474:Thirdly on 15 April 1820 in
1441:Catherine Pavlovna of Russia
1358:Friedrich Wilhelm Hackländer
1036:After the successful French
956:was born on 4 October 1826.
767:
750:celebrated this in his poem
674:First Battle of Bar-sur-Aube
189:Catherine Pavlovna of Russia
7:
3371:The Waterloo Campaign, 1815
3222:"Königliche Ritter-orden".
2038:
1523:, he married Grand Duchess
1482:(1800–1873), a daughter of
971:
646:Napoleon's Russian campaign
518:War of the Second Coalition
160:Caroline Augusta of Bavaria
10:
3891:
3446:900 Jahre Haus Württemberg
3132:(in Dutch). 27 August 1815
2842:. Stuttgart 1878, p. 340f.
2407:
2291:
2165:
2156:Frederick I of Württemberg
2059:
1662:Grand Cross of St. Stephen
1611:Knight of the Golden Eagle
1589:
1564:
1456:Alfred, Count von Neipperg
1416:Firstly on 8 June 1808 in
698:Battle of Fère-Champenoise
500:, and the Grand Duchesses
438:(1754–1816) and his wife,
289:Frederick I of Württemberg
3746:
3720:
3699:
3684:
3635:
3626:
3618:
3613:
3588:William I of Württemberg
3586:
3481:54/1995, p. 157–177.
3368:Siborne, William (1848),
2477:
2469:
2441:
2419:
2415:
2379:
2357:
2349:
2321:
2299:
2295:
2257:
2235:
2227:
2199:
2177:
2173:
2137:
2115:
2107:
2079:
2063:
1896:Knight of the Black Eagle
1525:Olga Nikolaevna of Russia
1502:William II of Württemberg
1486:(1756–1817) and Princess
1484:Duke Louis of Württemberg
1447:(1754–1801) and Princess
1052:on 27 May 1832, in which
486:Charlotte, Princess Royal
314:
304:
294:
284:
272:
236:
148:
134:
106:
77:
73:
63:
53:
45:
38:
26:
21:
3000:22 December 2010 at the
2540:
2276:William I of Württemberg
1583:Sequoiadendron giganteum
1576:Sequoiadendron giganteum
1541:. One of her daughters,
1537:(1826–1898) who married
1513:Charles I of Württemberg
1506:Charles I of Württemberg
1498:Frederick of Württemberg
1253:Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
1196:Archduke John of Austria
1007:Friedrich Ludwig Lindner
999:Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
993:, the principalities of
866:Death of Queen Catherine
833:that formed part of the
713:Duke George of Oldenburg
413:
3130:Ministerie van Defensie
3080:Staat Hannover (1863).
2925:. Guttenberg. pp.
1992:Knight of the Rue Crown
1685:House Order of Fidelity
1527:, the daughter of Tsar
1139:Revolution of 1848/1849
1027:Freiherr von Wangenheim
923:Family and private life
918:Period of consolidation
901:constructed for her on
816:University of Hohenheim
496:'s sister, Archduchess
488:, the daughter of King
408:
3815:Princes of Württemberg
3678:Princes of Württemberg
3306:; Louda, Jiří (1999),
3240:The Knights of England
3110:. Will. 1863. p.
3086:. Berenberg. pp.
2851:Karl Johannes Grauer:
1853:Military William Order
1761:Knight of the Elephant
1727:Royal Order of Leopold
1725:: Grand Cordon of the
1409:
1372:
1336:
1278:
1249:Hohenzollern-Hechingen
1152:
1097:
995:Hohenzollern-Hechingen
932:
878:
777:
550:Elector of Württemberg
538:Estates of Württemberg
528:, participated in the
514:University of Tübingen
423:
391:Frankfurt Constitution
352:Estates of Württemberg
337:Friedrich Wilhelm Karl
336:
3484:Otto-Heinrich Elias:
3440:Otto–Heinrich Elias:
3386:. London: Greenhill.
2817:Robert Uhland (ed.):
1876:, with Golden Crown,
1851:: Grand Cross of the
1830:: Grand Cross of the
1779:: Grand Eagle of the
1683:: Grand Cross of the
1567:Cannstatter Volksfest
1463:Sophie of Württemberg
1406:
1385:Württemberg Mausoleum
1369:Württemberg Mausoleum
1366:
1335:King William in 1861.
1334:
1276:
1269:Later years and death
1146:
1123:Industrial Revolution
1087:
962:Amalie of Stubenrauch
930:
899:Württemberg Mausoleum
873:
827:Cannstatter Volksfest
822:delivered for free.
812:Year Without A Summer
791:national coat of arms
775:
679:Battle of La Rothière
623:Kingdom of Westphalia
530:Battle of Hohenlinden
421:
403:Württemberg Mausoleum
348:Year Without a Summer
142:Württemberg Mausoleum
3800:Kings of Württemberg
3593:House of Württemberg
3444:Robert Uhland (ed.)
3351:Napoleon at Bay 1814
3238:Shaw, Wm. A. (1906)
2955:. Berling. pp.
2919:Württemberg (1815).
2880:historical Volksfest
1967:Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
1948:Knight of St. George
1930:Knight of St. Andrew
1828:Grand Duchy of Hesse
1804:Knight of St. George
1706:Knight of St. Hubert
1617:Military Merit Order
1529:Nicholas I of Russia
1295:German Confederation
1192:Frankfurt Parliament
1058:Rhineland-Palatinate
776:King William in 1822
602:German mediatization
174: 1808;
129:German Confederation
3692:King of Württemberg
3629:King of Württemberg
2758:. Düsseldorf 1987,
2704:, pp. 771–772.
2668:, pp. 190–192.
2656:, pp. 498–499.
2632:, pp. 491–492.
2608:, pp. 527–532.
1615:Grand Cross of the
1517:king of Württemberg
1412:He married thrice:
1399:Marriages and issue
1346:Alfred von Neipperg
1205:Schwäbischer Merkur
1019:Count Wintzingerode
709:Catherine of Russia
650:Army of Württemberg
642:war against Austria
631:Maximilian I Joseph
482:Frederick II Eugene
459:Catharina Frederica
451:Catherine the Great
430:(after 1945 Lubin,
341:King of Württemberg
40:King of Württemberg
3511:, p. 302–306.
3486:6.0.19. Wilhelm I.
2977:, 1860, p. 44
2821:. Stuttgart 1997,
2800:. Stuttgart 1997,
1890:Kingdom of Prussia
1798:Kingdom of Hanover
1702:Kingdom of Bavaria
1410:
1381:Peter of Oldenburg
1373:
1337:
1279:
1153:
1098:
1015:Congress of Verona
933:
879:
847:Katharinenhospital
778:
736:Austrian III Corps
732:return of Napoleon
728:Congress of Vienna
556:Heir to the throne
502:Alexandra Pavlovna
494:Holy Roman Emperor
468:Ludwigsburg Palace
424:
95:Kingdom of Prussia
3810:People from Lubin
3805:German landowners
3762:
3761:
3645:
3644:
3636:Succeeded by
3601:27 September 1781
3433:Johannes Grauer:
3420:Eugen Schneider:
3347:Petre, F. Loraine
3338:978-1-909982-96-3
3304:Maclagan, Michael
3286:978-0-521-87542-4
3066:978-2-35077-135-9
2892:King William 2018
2716:auf Apfelgut Sulz
2644:, pp. 82–85.
2537:
2536:
2533:
2532:
1988:Kingdom of Saxony
1878:13 September 1847
1651:Commander of the
1377:Rosenstein Palace
1262:Joseph von Linden
1187:Gustav von Struve
1171:Joseph von Linden
1042:November Uprising
887:Eduard von Kallee
831:Arabian stallions
808:Dutch East Indies
654:Battle of Leipzig
568:in Brunswick) to
399:Rosenstein Castle
326:
325:
117:Rosenstein Palace
88:27 September 1781
3882:
3733:Prince Frederick
3671:
3664:
3657:
3648:
3647:
3619:Preceded by
3609:
3602:
3584:
3583:
3580:
3521:Stuttgart 1997,
3474:Eberhard Fritz:
3459:Eberhard Fritz:
3397:
3375:
3364:
3342:
3325:Nafziger, George
3320:
3299:
3290:
3262:
3256:
3250:
3236:
3230:
3229:
3219:
3213:
3204:
3198:
3197:
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3163:
3157:
3148:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3122:
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3096:
3095:
3077:
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3040:
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3019:
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3004:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2967:
2961:
2960:
2946:
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2934:
2916:
2907:
2906:
2899:
2893:
2887:
2881:
2875:
2869:
2866:
2860:
2849:
2843:
2836:
2830:
2815:
2809:
2794:
2788:
2785:
2779:
2773:
2767:
2750:Hartwig Brandt:
2748:
2742:
2737:
2731:
2730:
2723:
2717:
2714:Apfelgeschichte
2711:
2705:
2699:
2693:
2687:
2681:
2675:
2669:
2663:
2657:
2651:
2645:
2639:
2633:
2627:
2621:
2615:
2609:
2603:
2597:
2591:
2585:
2579:
2573:
2570:
2564:
2558:
2053:
2052:
2044:
2043:
2012:
2008:
2006:
2005:
1986:
1984:
1983:
1975:16 February 1829
1965:
1963:
1962:
1922:
1920:
1919:
1888:
1887:
1886:
1868:
1866:
1865:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1836:2 September 1815
1826:
1824:
1823:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1781:Legion of Honour
1775:
1774:
1773:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1721:
1719:
1718:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1679:
1677:
1676:
1644:
1642:
1641:
1603:
1601:
1600:
1445:Paul I of Russia
1437:Saint Petersburg
1428:(1756–1825) and
1422:Caroline Augusta
1303:Jérôme Bonaparte
1183:Friedrich Hecker
1179:Baden Revolution
1167:Carlsbad Decrees
1162:Louis Philippe I
1050:Hambach Festival
1031:Carlsbad Decrees
903:Württemberg Hill
856:Hohenlohe region
395:March Revolution
322:
229:
227:
204:
202:
179:
177:
173:
113:
87:
85:
31:
19:
18:
3890:
3889:
3885:
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3883:
3881:
3880:
3879:
3765:
3764:
3763:
3758:
3742:
3716:
3695:
3680:
3675:
3641:
3632:
3624:
3603:
3597:
3596:
3589:
3566:
3463:Tübingen 1994,
3404:
3402:Further reading
3394:
3361:
3339:
3318:
3287:
3271:
3266:
3265:
3257:
3253:
3237:
3233:
3221:
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3175:
3164:
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3149:
3145:
3135:
3133:
3124:
3123:
3119:
3104:
3103:
3099:
3078:
3074:
3067:
3053:
3049:
3041:
3037:
3026:
3022:
3011:
3007:
3002:Wayback Machine
2993:
2989:
2980:
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2969:
2968:
2964:
2947:
2938:
2917:
2910:
2901:
2900:
2896:
2888:
2884:
2876:
2872:
2867:
2863:
2859:. 1956, p. 263.
2850:
2846:
2837:
2833:
2816:
2812:
2795:
2791:
2786:
2782:
2774:
2770:
2749:
2745:
2738:
2734:
2725:
2724:
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2712:
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2696:
2688:
2684:
2676:
2672:
2664:
2660:
2652:
2648:
2640:
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2628:
2624:
2616:
2612:
2604:
2600:
2592:
2588:
2580:
2576:
2571:
2567:
2561:McNaughton 1973
2559:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2041:
2036:
2003:
2001:
1981:
1979:
1960:
1958:
1917:
1915:
1900:3 November 1812
1884:
1882:
1863:
1861:
1842:
1840:
1821:
1819:
1791:
1789:
1771:
1769:
1765:1 February 1817
1750:
1748:
1733:
1731:
1716:
1714:
1695:
1693:
1674:
1672:
1646:Austrian Empire
1639:
1637:
1627:Friedrich Order
1625:Founder of the
1598:
1596:
1592:
1578:
1569:
1563:
1558:
1401:
1271:
1228:rump parliament
1209:Swabian Mercury
1175:Friedrich Römer
1141:
1063:Friedrich Römer
1046:Congress Poland
1038:July Revolution
974:
925:
920:
875:Queen Catherine
868:
860:Schwäbisch Hall
820:Moravian Church
806:erupted in the
800:
770:
765:
711:, the widow of
702:Battle of Paris
681:on 1 February.
558:
455:Eastern Finland
416:
411:
268:
232:
231:
228: 1820)
223:
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216:
206:
198:
194:
191:
181:
178: 1814)
169:
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144:
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115:
111:
97:
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83:
81:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3888:
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3832:
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3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3756:
3750:
3748:
3747:3rd Generation
3744:
3743:
3741:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3724:
3722:
3721:2nd Generation
3718:
3717:
3715:
3714:
3709:
3703:
3701:
3700:1st Generation
3697:
3696:
3685:
3682:
3681:
3674:
3673:
3666:
3659:
3651:
3643:
3642:
3637:
3634:
3625:
3620:
3616:
3615:
3614:Regnal titles
3611:
3610:
3590:
3587:
3582:
3581:
3565:
3564:External links
3562:
3561:
3560:
3545:
3532:Jürgen Hagel:
3530:
3512:
3493:Dieter Mertens
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3472:
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2987:
2962:
2936:
2908:
2894:
2882:
2870:
2861:
2844:
2831:
2810:
2808:, p. 513.
2789:
2780:
2768:
2743:
2732:
2718:
2706:
2694:
2692:, p. 516.
2682:
2680:, p. 514.
2670:
2658:
2646:
2634:
2622:
2610:
2598:
2596:, p. 127.
2586:
2584:, p. 125.
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2021:18 August 1815
2010:United Kingdom
1998:
1977:
1956:
1955:
1954:
1945:
1936:
1924:Russian Empire
1913:
1912:
1911:
1902:
1880:
1859:
1857:27 August 1815
1838:
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1631:1 January 1830
1623:
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1565:Main article:
1562:
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1472:
1471:
1470:
1459:
1433:
1400:
1397:
1287:Ottoman Empire
1270:
1267:
1224:Rumpfparlament
1140:
1137:
1127:Silver Jubilee
1090:Jubiläumssäule
1074:German Emperor
1054:Hambach Castle
973:
970:
924:
921:
919:
916:
867:
864:
799:
796:
769:
766:
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761:
574:United Kingdom
557:
554:
506:Maria Pavlovna
442:(1764–1788).
415:
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167:
163:
158:
157:
156:
155:
152:
150:
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140:
136:
132:
131:
114:(aged 82)
108:
104:
103:
79:
75:
74:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
47:
43:
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36:
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24:
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15:
9:
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3755:
3752:
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3745:
3739:
3738:Prince August
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3600:
3595:
3594:
3585:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3568:
3567:
3558:
3557:3-87181-530-6
3554:
3550:
3547:Gunter Haug:
3546:
3543:
3542:3-87407-529-X
3539:
3535:
3531:
3528:
3527:3-421-05084-8
3524:
3520:
3516:
3513:
3510:
3509:3-17-013605-4
3506:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3487:
3483:
3480:
3477:
3473:
3470:
3469:3-87407-179-0
3466:
3462:
3458:
3455:
3454:3-17-008536-0
3451:
3447:
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3439:
3436:
3432:
3429:
3428:
3423:
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3416:
3415:
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3406:
3405:
3395:
3393:1-85367-276-9
3389:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3372:
3366:
3362:
3360:1-85367-163-0
3356:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3319:
3317:1-85605-469-1
3313:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3292:
3288:
3282:
3278:
3273:
3272:
3261:
3255:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3235:
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3203:
3195:
3191:
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3058:
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3029:
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3018:
3014:
3009:
3003:
2999:
2996:
2991:
2976:
2972:
2966:
2958:
2954:
2953:
2945:
2943:
2941:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2923:
2915:
2913:
2904:
2898:
2891:
2886:
2879:
2874:
2865:
2858:
2854:
2848:
2841:
2835:
2828:
2827:3-17-009245-6
2824:
2820:
2814:
2807:
2806:3-421-05084-8
2803:
2799:
2793:
2784:
2777:
2772:
2765:
2764:3-7700-5142-4
2761:
2757:
2753:
2747:
2741:
2736:
2728:
2722:
2715:
2710:
2703:
2698:
2691:
2686:
2679:
2674:
2667:
2662:
2655:
2650:
2643:
2638:
2631:
2626:
2620:, p. 85.
2619:
2618:Nafziger 2015
2614:
2607:
2606:Leggiere 2007
2602:
2595:
2594:Leggiere 2007
2590:
2583:
2582:Leggiere 2007
2578:
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2325:
2324:
2319:
2318:
2315:
2309:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2287:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2277:
2271:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2261:
2260:
2255:
2254:
2251:
2245:
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2241:
2240:
2231:
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2225:
2224:
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2213:
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2209:
2208:
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2202:
2197:
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2193:
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2169:
2168:
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2157:
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2150:
2147:
2146:
2141:
2140:
2135:
2134:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2104:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2083:
2082:
2077:
2076:
2073:
2067:
2055:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2045:
2031:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2011:
1999:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1957:
1953:
1950:, 2nd Class,
1949:
1946:
1944:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1914:
1910:
1907:, 2nd Class,
1906:
1903:
1901:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1881:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1839:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1818:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1777:French Empire
1768:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1713:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1595:
1594:
1587:
1585:
1584:
1573:
1568:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1405:
1396:
1394:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1370:
1365:
1361:
1359:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1333:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1310:Holy Alliance
1306:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1275:
1266:
1263:
1257:
1254:
1250:
1244:
1240:
1238:
1233:
1232:Wilhelm Loewe
1229:
1225:
1221:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1200:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1163:
1159:
1150:
1145:
1136:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1118:Wilhelmskanal
1115:
1110:
1108:
1103:
1095:
1091:
1086:
1082:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1066:
1064:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1001:, as well as
1000:
996:
992:
987:
986:mediatisation
983:
979:
969:
967:
966:Court Theatre
963:
957:
955:
951:
947:
942:
938:
929:
915:
913:
909:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
876:
872:
863:
861:
857:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
823:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
804:Mount Tambora
795:
792:
788:
784:
774:
760:
757:
755:
754:
753:Prinz Wilhelm
749:
748:Wilhelm Hauff
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
724:
722:
718:
717:Pope Pius VII
714:
710:
705:
703:
699:
694:
691:
687:
682:
680:
675:
671:
667:
662:
660:
655:
651:
647:
643:
638:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
615:
611:
607:
603:
598:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
553:
551:
547:
543:
539:
533:
531:
527:
526:Austrian army
523:
519:
515:
509:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
469:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
447:Prussian Army
443:
441:
437:
433:
429:
420:
406:
404:
400:
396:
392:
387:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
356:
353:
349:
344:
342:
338:
334:
330:
321:
317:
313:
310:
307:
303:
300:
297:
293:
290:
287:
283:
280:
277:
275:
271:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
244:
243:
241:
239:
235:
215:
208:
207:
190:
183:
182:
161:
154:
153:
151:
147:
143:
137:
133:
130:
126:
122:
118:
109:
105:
101:
96:
92:
80:
76:
72:
69:
66:
62:
59:
56:
52:
48:
44:
41:
37:
30:
25:
20:
3706:
3627:
3608:25 June 1864
3605:
3598:
3591:
3548:
3533:
3518:
3500:
3497:Volker Press
3489:Sönke Lorenz
3485:
3478:
3475:
3460:
3445:
3441:
3434:
3425:
3421:
3412:
3408:
3383:
3380:Smith, Digby
3370:
3350:
3328:
3307:
3295:
3276:
3254:
3243:
3239:
3234:
3224:
3217:
3206:
3202:
3181:
3176:
3165:
3161:
3150:
3146:
3134:. Retrieved
3129:
3120:
3106:
3100:
3082:
3075:
3056:
3050:
3042:
3038:
3027:
3023:
3012:
3008:
2990:
2979:, retrieved
2974:
2965:
2951:
2921:
2897:
2885:
2873:
2864:
2856:
2852:
2847:
2839:
2834:
2818:
2813:
2797:
2796:Paul Sauer:
2792:
2783:
2775:
2771:
2755:
2751:
2746:
2740:Mohrenköpfle
2735:
2721:
2709:
2702:Siborne 1848
2697:
2685:
2673:
2661:
2649:
2637:
2625:
2613:
2601:
2589:
2577:
2568:
2563:, p. 97
2275:
2030:26 July 1830
2029:
2020:
2019:(military),
1995:
1974:
1951:
1942:
1933:
1908:
1899:
1877:
1856:
1835:
1832:Ludwig Order
1807:
1784:
1764:
1709:
1688:
1665:
1656:
1630:
1620:
1581:
1579:
1570:
1469:(1817–1890).
1458:(1807–1865);
1411:
1389:
1374:
1354:
1338:
1314:Alexander II
1307:
1299:Napoléon III
1280:
1258:
1245:
1241:
1223:
1217:
1208:
1204:
1201:
1154:
1132:Schlossplatz
1111:
1107:German unity
1099:
1096:in Stuttgart
1094:Schlossplatz
1067:
1035:
981:
977:
975:
958:
934:
891:Scharnhausen
880:
851:Mohrenköpfle
835:Marbach stud
824:
801:
786:
779:
758:
751:
725:
706:
695:
683:
663:
639:
599:
559:
542:Schaffhausen
534:
516:. After the
510:
498:Maria Amalia
478:Louis Eugene
472:
444:
425:
388:
360:great powers
357:
345:
328:
327:
138:30 June 1864
112:(1864-06-25)
110:25 June 1864
98:(now Lubin,
3780:1864 deaths
3775:1781 births
3712:Prince Paul
3688:Frederick I
3622:Frederick I
1952:19 May 1814
1849:Netherlands
1605:Württemberg
1283:Crimean War
1213:Ludwigsburg
1011:ghostwriter
843:poor relief
783:regnal name
763:Early reign
384:Württemberg
309:Lutheranism
279:Württemberg
125:Württemberg
58:Frederick I
54:Predecessor
3769:Categories
3754:William II
3633:1816–1864
3515:Paul Sauer
3269:References
3246:, London,
2981:6 November
2690:Smith 1998
2678:Smith 1998
2666:Petre 1994
2654:Smith 1998
2642:Petre 1994
2630:Smith 1998
1943:3 May 1814
1934:3 May 1814
1905:Iron Cross
1545:, married
1521:homosexual
1237:Palatinate
1149:Stirnbrand
1125:. For his
1102:Zollverein
1078:Nicholas I
1021:, and the
744:Strasbourg
594:Talleyrand
490:George III
84:1781-09-27
3728:Charles I
3707:William I
3639:Charles I
3349:(1994) .
2829:, p. 138.
2766:, p. 625.
1870:Oldenburg
1740:Brunswick
1556:Memorials
1476:Stuttgart
1461:Princess
1393:Tegernsee
1023:Bundestag
946:Catherine
908:Frederick
895:pneumonia
877:in 1810's
768:Accession
740:Jean Rapp
721:Francis I
686:Montereau
614:coalition
608:upon the
570:Stuttgart
329:William I
315:Signature
121:Stuttgart
68:Charles I
64:Successor
22:William I
3694:in 1805.
3382:(1998).
3327:(2015).
3136:5 August
2998:Archived
2039:Ancestry
1318:Sardinia
1116:via the
1072:, later
972:Politics
659:Hüningen
546:Saarburg
522:Napoleon
426:Born at
305:Religion
3572:at the
3499:(ed.):
1785:1805/06
1757:Denmark
1723:Belgium
1590:Honours
1160:. When
1092:on the
1070:William
1056:in the
1025:envoy,
954:Augusta
950:Charles
937:Pauline
839:Tsarina
606:kingdom
590:Bavaria
582:Austria
380:Hanover
372:Bavaria
368:Austria
364:Prussia
230:
222:
218:
205:
197:
193:
180:
168:
164:
149:Spouses
3604:
3555:
3540:
3525:
3507:
3467:
3452:
3390:
3357:
3335:
3314:
3283:
3258:Shaw,
3248:p. 183
3063:
2825:
2804:
2762:
2007:
1985:
1964:
1921:
1867:
1846:
1825:
1795:
1754:
1737:
1720:
1699:
1678:
1643:
1602:
1418:Munich
1408:right)
1326:Nestor
1291:France
1114:Neckar
1003:Alsace
883:Sophie
789:. The
666:France
635:Kassel
619:Jérôme
578:Russia
432:Poland
376:Saxony
333:German
295:Mother
285:Father
135:Burial
100:Poland
3606:Died:
3599:Born:
3260:p. 54
3170:p. 16
3017:p. 31
2959:–153.
2541:Notes
1681:Baden
1511:King
991:Baden
941:Louis
912:Peter
690:Seine
586:Baden
428:Lüben
414:Youth
274:House
238:Issue
224:(
220:
199:(
195:
170:(
166:
91:Lüben
46:Reign
3553:ISBN
3538:ISBN
3523:ISBN
3505:ISBN
3465:ISBN
3450:ISBN
3388:ISBN
3355:ISBN
3333:ISBN
3312:ISBN
3281:ISBN
3138:2020
3061:ISBN
2983:2019
2823:ISBN
2802:ISBN
2760:ISBN
2490:15.
2432:14.
2370:13.
2312:12.
2248:11.
2190:10.
1996:1834
1909:1813
1808:1852
1710:1808
1689:1813
1666:1830
1657:1814
1621:1800
1519:. A
1348:and
1342:Olga
1308:The
1251:and
1185:and
1088:The
997:and
588:and
580:and
564:and
562:Duke
544:and
504:and
463:Paul
409:Life
382:and
366:and
176:div.
107:Died
78:Born
3690:as
2957:152
2855:in
2754:in
2458:7.
2396:3.
2338:6.
2274:1.
2216:5.
2154:2.
2128:9.
2096:4.
2070:8.
1420:to
1181:of
1044:in
742:in
362:of
3771::
3517::
3495:,
3491:,
3424:,
3411:,
3242:,
3211:11
3194:89
3192:,
3190:76
3188:,
3186:62
3155:30
3092:72
3090:,
3088:38
2973:,
2939:^
2931:16
2929:,
2927:13
2911:^
2549:^
2028:,
2013::
1994:,
1990::
1973:,
1969::
1941:,
1932:,
1926::
1898:,
1892::
1872::
1855:,
1834:,
1806:,
1800::
1783:,
1763:,
1759::
1742::
1708:,
1704::
1687:,
1664:,
1655:,
1648::
1629:,
1619:,
1607::
1352:.
1305:.
1289:,
1226:("
1033:.
862:.
756:.
723:.
661:.
508:.
405:.
378:,
374:,
335::
226:m.
201:m.
172:m.
127:,
123:,
119:,
93:,
3670:e
3663:t
3656:v
3559:.
3544:.
3529:.
3471:.
3456:.
3396:.
3363:.
3341:.
3289:.
3244:I
3196:.
3140:.
3114:.
3112:8
3094:.
3069:.
3032:8
2933:.
2905:.
2729:.
1549:.
1371:.
1207:(
980:(
331:(
102:)
86:)
82:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
