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1033::"MIT's founder, William Barton Rogers, regarded the practice of giving honorary degrees as 'literary almsgiving ... of spurious merit and noisy popularity ... ' Rogers was a geologist from the University of Virginia who believed in Thomas Jefferson's policy barring honorary degrees at the university, which was founded in 1819."
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research and investigation on the largest scale and, on the other side, agencies for the popular diffusion of useful knowledge. This project continued to occupy his attention until it culminated in the chartering of the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1861), of which he became first president.
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In 1842 the work of the survey closed. State revenues had shrunk beginning in 1837, and the funding for the survey had been cut back. Meanwhile, Rogers had published six "Reports of the
Geological Survey of the State of Virginia" (Richmond, 1836–40), though there were few copies, and recognition of
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chain. Among their joint special investigations were the study of the solvent action of water on various minerals and rocks, and the demonstration that "coal beds stand in close genetic relation to the amount of disturbance to which the inclosing strata have been submitted, the coal becoming harder
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incorporated MIT in 1861, and Rogers became its first president in 1862. He served as president of MIT until 1870, when he stood down because of declining health. By necessity, he returned to office in 1878 and continued to 1881, when he was made professor emeritus of physics and geology, which
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his papers had been published while at UVa. Second, and more importantly, Rogers wanted to implement his innovative scheme for technical education (which could not be achieved within the structure and institutional focuses of UVa), in which he desired to have associated, on one side, scientific
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In 1833, his brother Henry had returned from
England filled with enthusiasm for geology, and this had prompted Rogers to begin studies in the field. The practical value of his article on greensand caught the eye of the Virginia legislature. Rogers took this opportunity to lobby for a
539:, a policy which continues today. (Later, MIT would adopt a similar policy from its beginning, and continuing to the present). During the time Rogers lived in Virginia, he was a slaveowner, with two slaves in his household in 1840 and six slaves in 1850; one, his cook, was
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Together, the brothers published a paper on "The Laws of
Structure of the more Disturbed Zones of the Earth's Crust", in which the wave theory of mountain chains was first announced. This was followed later by William Rogers' statement of the law of distribution of
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He fell to the platform – instantly dead. All his life he had borne himself most faithfully and heroically, and he died as so good a knight would surely have wished, in harness, at his post, and in the very part and act of public duty.
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Rogers was born on
December 7, 1804, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was the second son of Patrick Kerr Rogers and Hannah Blythe and was of Irish, Scottish, and English extraction. Patrick Rogers was born in
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In 1853 he resigned from the
University of Virginia, moving to Boston for two principal reasons. First, he wanted to increase his participation in scientific circles under the auspices of the
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667:(AAAS), an enlargement of the AAGN. He was president of the AAAS in 1875, and elected its first honorary fellow in 1881, as a special mark of distinction. He was active in founding the
422:, William Barton Rogers attended the College of William and Mary from 1819 to 1824, but he "apparently did not receive a degree" and there was no evidence showing that he graduated.
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and practiced medicine. When
William Barton was born, Patrick Rogers was tutor at Penn. In 1819 Patrick Rogers became professor of natural philosophy and mathematics at the
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and containing less volatile matter as the evidence of the disturbance increases". In modern terms, this was the realization that the geological process of
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Besides numerous papers on geology, chemistry, and physics, contributed to the proceedings of societies and technical journals, he was the author of:
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and physics. While he was chair of the department of philosophy at UVA, he vigorously defended to the
Virginia State Legislature the university's
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of
Virginia, and he was called upon to organize it in 1835. That same year, he and his brother Henry were elected members of the
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their significance was slow to develop. They were later compiled by Jed
Hotchkiss and issued in one volume with a map as
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He died after collapsing during a speech at MIT's 1882 commencement exercises. According to legend his last words were "
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To raise funds and public awareness of his new Institute, Rogers delivered a course of lectures before the
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1133:, "A Sketch of the Life of Robert E. Rogers, with Biographical Notices of His Father and Brothers," in
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William Barton Rogers was educated by his father Patrick Kerr Rogers and attended the public schools of
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Rogers, William B., Chairman, The Committee of Associated Institutions of Science and Arts,
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659:(AAGN; organized 1840) in 1845 and again in 1847, and contributed important memoirs to its
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in 1828, where he remained until 1835. During this time, he carried on investigations on
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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in 1827, and succeeded his father as professor of natural philosophy and chemistry at
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390:(1813–1884). The Rogers brothers would each grow up to be distinguished scientists.
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underlying some parts of the Appalachian region, and helped pave the way for the
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In 1835 Rogers also began serving as professor of "natural philosophy" at the
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1022:"No honorary degrees is an MIT tradition going back to ... Thomas Jefferson"
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In 1861, he was appointed inspector of gas and gas meters for the state of
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William Barton Rogers delivered a series of lectures on science before the
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and its first president; also he was one of the corporate members of the
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1045:"MIT class reveals, explores Institute's connections to slavery"
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1098:
George Ward Blodgett, Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering
896:"Collection: William Barton Rogers papers | MIT ArchivesSpace"
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737:- Boston, 1861, and archived at the MIT Libraries Collection.
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had gradually transformed softer grades of coal, such as
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675:, and its president from 1878 until his death. In 1866,
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Presidents of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
1908:
Presidents of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
1493:
Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
948:(online ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
94:
President of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
1528:
Massachusetts Green High Performance Computing Center
942:
Mitchell, Trent A. (1999). "Rogers, William Barton".
875:
Merrill, George P. (1935). "Rogers, William Barton".
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on "The Application of Science to the Arts" in 1862.
349:, the highest peak in the state, is named after him.
2449:
Slavery in the colonial history of the United States
1808:
History of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
624:
History of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
402:. In 1819, his father was appointed as professor of
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American Association for the Advancement of Science
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1163:, vol. 1: The Faculty and Supporting Staff, 1977.
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657:Association of American Geologists and Naturalists
468:By 1835, his brother Henry was state geologist of
393:
321:(December 7, 1804 – May 30, 1882) was an American
1135:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
3004:
1202:. Vol. 9. September 1876. pp. 606–611.
1127:. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD.
920:"William Barton Rogers, 1804-1882 | MIT History"
847:Elizabeth Andrews, Nora Murphy, and Tom Rosko, "
449:minerals of eastern Virginia and their value as
771:
337:from 1835 to 1853. In 1861, Rogers founded the
1070:. Munn & Company. 1882-06-24. p. 393.
849:William Barton Rogers: MIT's Visionary Founder
16:American scientist, founder of MIT (1804–1882)
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1498:Institute for Medical Engineering and Science
1341:
1140:Emma Barton (with William T. Sidgwick), ed.,
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634:position he had held while he was president.
51:President of the National Academy of Sciences
345:. Because of his affiliation with Virginia,
834:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography
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775:; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905).
378:William Barton Rogers had three brothers:
341:. The university opened in 1865 after the
36:
1193:"Sketch of Prof. William B. Rogers"
1179:Life and Letters of William Barton Rogers
1142:Life and Letters of William Barton Rogers
1125:William Barton Rogers and the Idea of MIT
1088:
954:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1301419
441:, and prepared a series of papers on the
19:For other people with the same name, see
1094:
941:
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528:, and did original research in geology,
1292:Professional and academic associations
1156:, v. 60 (1958), pp. 105–8, 124–30.
993:
991:
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412:College of William and Mary in Virginia
3005:
1511:Electromagnetic and Electronic Systems
1036:
3028:College of William & Mary faculty
2920:Burning of Winchester Medical College
2858:Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves
2842:An act concerning Servants and Slaves
2410:
2229:
2101:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
2071:
1879:
1458:Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab
1390:Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences
1358:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
1329:
1275:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
1247:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
997:
937:
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787:(1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
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556:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
543:. In 1849, he married Emma Savage of
375:, where he remained until his death.
339:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
296:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
232:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
3023:College of William & Mary alumni
1685:Student Information Processing Board
988:
890:
888:
881:. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
586:
3063:American people of Scottish descent
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669:American Social Science Association
13:
3053:American people of English descent
2980:Virginia in the American Civil War
2960:John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry
1562:Research Laboratory of Electronics
1117:
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861:
765:
558:, in whose proceedings and in the
14:
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3073:Founders of academic institutions
2940:District of Columbia retrocession
1167:
998:Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920).
885:
749:"Memoir of William Barton Rogers"
747:Walker, Francis A. (April 1887).
707:Papers on the Geology of Virginia
701:Elements of Mechanical Philosophy
582:
552:Boston Society of Natural History
511:Papers on the Geology of Virginia
3058:American people of Irish descent
2935:Indentured servitude in Virginia
2583:Presidents of the United States
1558:Plasma Science and Fusion Center
1516:Information and Decision Systems
1082:"About | "Bituminous Coal""
878:Dictionary of American Biography
590:
241:
2823:List of plantations in Virginia
1407:Schwarzman College of Computing
1095:Phillips, Henry Ayling (1915).
1074:
1058:
964:
631:Massachusetts State Legislature
394:Education and scientific career
21:William Rogers (disambiguation)
3038:University of Virginia faculty
2992:White House of the Confederacy
2910:African American Burial Ground
2438:History of slavery in Virginia
1442:Health Sciences and Technology
1224:. 24-June-1882, pp. 393,
1001:"Rogers, William Barton"
912:
841:
784:New International Encyclopedia
778:"Rogers, William Barton"
740:
720:
485:, into harder grades, such as
463:American Philosophical Society
1:
3043:University of Virginia alumni
2970:Memorial to Enslaved Laborers
2955:Human trafficking in Virginia
2634:(1728–1804), freed 450 slaves
1150:, "William Barton Rogers" in
1024:. MIT News Office. 2001-06-08
713:
357:
333:from 1828 to 1835 and at the
331:College of William & Mary
3068:Scientists from Philadelphia
2884:Franklin and Armfield Office
2258:National Academy of Sciences
2060:: # denotes acting president
1476:Information Systems Research
1420:Brain and Cognitive Sciences
1308:National Academy of Sciences
1226:Obituary Prof. Wm. B. Rogers
1217:National Academy of Sciences
1105:: Riverside Press. pp.
1043:Peter Dizikes (2018-02-12).
828:"Rogers, James Blythe"
673:National Academy of Sciences
352:
7:
2696:Randolph family of Virginia
1742:Fraternities and sororities
1665:MIT Science Fiction Society
1161:Geology at M.I.T. 1865-1965
945:American National Biography
655:Rogers was chairman of the
561:American Journal of Science
373:College of William and Mary
286:College of William and Mary
220:College of William and Mary
10:
3094:
2965:Liberation and Freedom Day
2950:Great Dismal Swamp maroons
2930:First Africans in Virginia
2864:Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
2853:Fugitive Slave Act of 1793
1962:Richard Cockburn Maclaurin
1402:Sloan School of Management
900:MIT Libraries ArchiveSpace
369:University of Pennsylvania
190:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
18:
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1707:Traditions and activities
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1380:Architecture and Planning
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2545:(fl. 1630s, living 1640)
2531:Mary and Anthony Johnson
2520:(Greenstead) (1630–1665)
2124:Edward Charles Pickering
1690:Tech Model Railroad Club
1548:Nuclear Research Reactor
837:. New York: D. Appleton.
685:
414:and the family moved to
2518:Elizabeth Key Grinstead
1643:List Visual Arts Center
1199:Popular Science Monthly
1174:Official mini-biography
960:(subscription required)
697:(Charlottesville, 1838)
679:gave him the degree of
2986:Virginia v. John Brown
2975:Nat Turner's Rebellion
2154:Nathaniel Herman Frank
1986:Samuel Wesley Stratton
1131:W. S. W. Ruschenberger
1007:Encyclopedia Americana
648:
520:(UVa). There he added
518:University of Virginia
505:in the United States.
416:Williamsburg, Virginia
335:University of Virginia
329:, and educator at the
291:University of Virginia
3078:American slave owners
2925:Coastwise slave trade
2701:William Barton Rogers
2178:Jerome Isaac Friedman
2118:William Barton Rogers
2106:Department of Physics
2010:Howard Wesley Johnson
2004:Julius Adams Stratton
1950:Henry Smith Pritchett
1932:William Barton Rogers
1920:William Barton Rogers
1787:Sean Collier Memorial
1659:MIT Technology Review
1607:William Barton Rogers
1481:International Studies
1318:Othniel Charles Marsh
1207:William Barton Rogers
695:Strength of Materials
643:
622:For more detail, see
503:Industrial Revolution
319:William Barton Rogers
207:Boston, Massachusetts
86:Othniel Charles Marsh
30:William Barton Rogers
2626:Robert "King" Carter
2567:Booker T. Washington
2136:Edwin Bidwell Wilson
1938:Francis Amasa Walker
1597:Institute Professors
1285:Francis Amasa Walker
1212:Biographical Memoirs
1123:Angulo A.J. (2009.)
976:search.amphilsoc.org
972:"APS Member History"
129:Francis Amasa Walker
3048:American geologists
2945:Gabriel's Rebellion
2707:George Henry Thomas
2650:Robert M. T. Hunter
2638:Thomas Roderick Dew
2454:History of Virginia
2323:Albert A. Michelson
2202:Edmund Bertschinger
2184:Robert J. Birgeneau
2160:William W. Buechner
2142:Charles Ladd Norton
1998:James Rhyne Killian
1992:Karl Taylor Compton
1571:Whitehead Institute
1486:Theoretical Physics
1222:Scientific American
1067:Scientific American
524:and geology to the
400:Baltimore, Maryland
388:Robert Empie Rogers
384:Henry Darwin Rogers
380:James Blythe Rogers
2506:William D. Gibbons
2478:(c. 1620s-d. 1673)
2256:Presidents of the
2214:Deepto Chakrabarty
1974:Ernest Fox Nichols
1926:John Daniel Runkle
1855:MIT OpenCourseWare
1638:Lemelson–MIT Prize
1566:Senseable City Lab
1533:McGovern Institute
1523:Lincoln Laboratory
1267:John Daniel Runkle
1257:John Daniel Runkle
1184:2018-10-03 at the
1148:J. R. Killian, Jr.
1137:, v. XXIII (1886).
854:2008-05-12 at the
754:. National Academy
733:2010-06-12 at the
651:Other affiliations
602:. You can help by
513:(New York, 1884).
427:Maryland Institute
343:American Civil War
163:John Daniel Runkle
152:office established
117:John Daniel Runkle
3000:
2999:
2661:Richard Bland Lee
2632:Robert Carter III
2537:Dangerfield Newby
2523:Left, husband of
2404:
2403:
2389:Ralph J. Cicerone
2299:Alexander Agassiz
2223:
2222:
2065:
2064:
1956:Arthur Amos Noyes
1873:
1872:
1762:Kresge Auditorium
1752:Infinite Corridor
1553:Picower Institute
1324:
1323:
1315:Succeeded by
1306:President of the
1282:Succeeded by
1273:President of the
1254:Succeeded by
1245:President of the
1234:Academic offices
1153:Technology Review
1047:. MIT News Office
620:
619:
495:geological faults
459:geological survey
386:(1808–1866), and
316:
315:
255:Scientific career
3085:
2905:The 1619 Project
2898:Related articles
2500:Isabella Gibbons
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2408:
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2335:William Campbell
2311:William H. Welch
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2166:Victor Weisskopf
2130:Charles R. Cross
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1909:
1900:
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1850:MIT App Inventor
1843:Notable projects
1792:Wiesner Building
1719:
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1297:Preceded by
1264:Preceded by
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709:(New York, 1884)
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570:Lowell Institute
541:Isabella Gibbons
537:honorary degrees
534:refusal to award
431:William and Mary
245:
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187:December 7, 1804
186:
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172:Personal details
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3003:
3002:
3001:
2996:
2915:Atlantic Creole
2893:
2870:
2827:
2782:enslaved people
2729:
2572:
2549:Gabriel Prosser
2527:(fl. 1704–1727)
2494:Olaudah Equiano
2482:Henry Box Brown
2476:Emanuel Driggus
2472:(fl. 1619–1625)
2463:Enslaved people
2458:
2440:
2435:
2405:
2400:
2365:Frederick Seitz
2353:Alfred Richards
2347:Frank B. Jewett
2317:Charles Walcott
2269:Alexander Bache
2260:
2254:
2224:
2219:
2208:Peter H. Fisher
2196:Marc A. Kastner
2172:Herman Feshbach
2109:
2105:
2100:
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2066:
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2046:Sally Kornbluth
2034:Susan Hockfield
2028:Charles M. Vest
1911:
1907:
1904:
1874:
1869:
1838:
1817:
1796:
1717:
1711:
1628:Caltech rivalry
1611:
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1507:Laboratory for
1463:Broad Institute
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1118:Further reading
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846:
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825:, eds. (1900).
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735:Wayback Machine
725:
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716:
688:
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639:bituminous coal
616:
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600:needs expansion
585:
445:and calcareous
439:voltaic battery
418:. According to
404:natural history
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2712:William Tucker
2709:
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2698:
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2691:Thomas Prosser
2688:
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2679:James M. Mason
2676:
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2667:William Mahone
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2552:
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2539:(c. 1820–1859)
2534:
2528:
2521:
2515:
2509:
2503:
2502:(c. 1836–1890)
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2013:
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2514:(living 1641)
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2512:John Graweere
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1980:Elihu Thomson
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55:
52:
47:
43:
39:
34:
27:
22:
2984:
2778:Mount Vernon
2700:
2673:George Mason
2577:Slave owners
2359:Detlev Bronk
2341:Frank Lillie
2280:
2275:Joseph Henry
2190:Ernest Moniz
2117:
2057:
2022:Paul E. Gray
1944:James Crafts
1931:
1919:
1782:Stata Center
1699:
1695:Tech Squares
1670:Mystery Hunt
1657:
1606:
1312:1879 – 1883
1305:
1300:Joseph Henry
1279:1878 – 1881
1272:
1251:1862 – 1870
1244:
1239:
1210:
1197:
1160:
1151:
1141:
1134:
1124:
1097:
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1066:
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1049:. Retrieved
1038:
1026:. Retrieved
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979:. Retrieved
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903:. Retrieved
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756:. Retrieved
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661:Transactions
660:
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628:
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604:adding to it
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479:metamorphism
470:Pennsylvania
467:
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347:Mount Rogers
318:
317:
279:Institutions
254:
202:(1882-05-30)
200:May 30, 1882
159:Succeeded by
151:
136:
124:Succeeded by
101:
81:Succeeded by
74:Joseph Henry
58:
3018:1882 deaths
3013:1804 births
2735:Plantations
2726:(1806–1876)
2720:(1715–1773)
2718:John Wayles
2714:(died 1642)
2703:(1804–1882)
2687:(1628–1692)
2681:(1798–1871)
2675:(1725–1792)
2669:(1826–1895)
2663:(1761–1827)
2656:Eppa Hunton
2652:(1809–1887)
2646:(1804–1888)
2640:(1802–1846)
2628:(1663–1732)
2622:(1710–1778)
2616:(1797–1871)
2569:(1856–1915)
2563:(1800–1831)
2557:(born 1624)
2551:(1776–1800)
2533:(1600–1670)
2508:(1825–1886)
2391:(2005–2016)
2385:(1993–2005)
2379:(1981–1993)
2377:Frank Press
2373:(1969–1981)
2367:(1962–1969)
2361:(1950–1962)
2355:(1947–1950)
2349:(1939–1947)
2343:(1935–1939)
2337:(1931–1935)
2331:(1927–1931)
2325:(1923–1927)
2319:(1917–1923)
2313:(1913–1917)
2307:(1907–1913)
2301:(1901–1907)
2295:(1895–1900)
2289:(1883–1895)
2283:(1879–1882)
2277:(1868–1878)
2271:(1863–1867)
2210:(2013–2022)
2204:(2007–2013)
2198:(1998–2007)
2192:(1991–1997)
2186:(1988–1991)
2180:(1983–1988)
2174:(1972–1983)
2168:(1966–1972)
2162:(1961–1966)
2156:(1952–1961)
2150:(1930–1952)
2144:(1922–1930)
2138:(1917–1922)
2132:(1877–1917)
2126:(1868–1877)
2120:(1866–1868)
1834:Tech Dinghy
1737:Dormitories
1727:Building 20
1467:Center for
1430:Mathematics
1385:Engineering
474:Appalachian
451:fertilizers
437:and on the
222:(no degree)
147:Preceded by
112:Preceded by
69:Preceded by
3007:Categories
2876:Slave pens
2773:Mount Airy
2768:Montpelier
2763:Monticello
2753:Brookfield
2748:Berry Hill
2587:Washington
2561:Nat Turner
2543:John Punch
2488:John Casor
2305:Ira Remsen
1813:Round Hill
1772:MIT Museum
1648:MIT $ 100K
1602:Presidents
1376:School of
1240:New office
1051:2018-02-12
1028:2006-05-07
981:2021-04-08
925:2023-01-09
905:2023-01-09
758:2022-01-27
714:References
611:March 2013
526:curriculum
522:mineralogy
487:anthracite
358:Early life
215:Alma mater
183:1804-12-07
2743:Beall-Air
2685:John Page
2592:Jefferson
2525:Jane Webb
1829:Engineers
1822:Athletics
1767:Libraries
1653:MIT Press
1623:Brass Rat
1538:Media Lab
1425:Economics
1368:Academics
1103:Cambridge
823:Fiske, J.
530:chemistry
499:coal beds
443:greensand
408:chemistry
353:Biography
327:physicist
323:geologist
265:Chemistry
238:Signature
227:Known for
141:1862–1870
137:In office
106:1878–1881
102:In office
63:1879–1883
59:In office
2818:Woodlawn
2813:Westover
2808:Tuckahoe
2788:Oatlands
1982:# (1922)
1970:# (1920)
1958:# (1907)
1701:The Tech
1451:Research
1209:—
1182:Archived
858:," 2004.
852:Archived
731:Archived
554:and the
92:1st
49:3rd
2798:Shirley
2758:Kenmore
2597:Madison
2397:(2016–)
1865:Scratch
1801:History
1616:Culture
1592:Faculty
1435:Physics
1415:Biology
1395:Science
1215:of the
816::
677:Harvard
483:lignite
410:at the
273:geology
269:physics
2860:, 1808
2844:, 1705
2602:Monroe
2470:Angela
2048:(2023)
2042:(2012)
2036:(2004)
2030:(1990)
2024:(1980)
2018:(1971)
2012:(1966)
2006:(1959)
2000:(1948)
1994:(1930)
1988:(1923)
1976:(1921)
1964:(1909)
1952:(1900)
1946:(1897)
1940:(1881)
1934:(1879)
1928:(1870)
1922:(1862)
1777:Police
1732:Chapel
1718:Campus
1587:Alumni
1580:People
958:
545:Boston
261:Fields
2607:Tyler
1680:Smoot
1633:Hacks
752:(PDF)
686:Works
681:LL.D.
209:, USA
192:, USA
2832:Laws
1860:MITx
1109:–30.
447:marl
406:and
197:Died
177:Born
2058:Key
950:doi
641:":
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435:dew
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