Wildlife conservation

236: 435:, directly lead to habitat destruction. For example, longer dry seasons, warmer springs, and dry soil has been observed to increase the length of wildfire season in forests, shrublands and grasslands. Increased severity and longevity of wildfires can completely wipe out entire ecosystems, causing them to take decades to fully recover. Wildfires are a prime example of the direct negative effect climate change has on wildlife and ecosystems. Meanwhile, a warming climate, fluctuating precipitation, and changing weather patterns will impact species ranges. Overall, the effects of climate change increase stress on ecosystems, and species unable to cope with the rapidly changing conditions will go extinct. While modern climate change is caused by humans, 150:. Habitat destruction and fragmentation can increase the vulnerability of wildlife populations by reducing the space and resources available to them and by increasing the likelihood of conflict with humans. Moreover, destruction and fragmentation create smaller habitats. Smaller habitats support smaller populations, and smaller populations are more likely to go extinct. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a significant shift in human behavior, resulting in mandatory and voluntary limitations on movement. As a result, people have started utilizing green spaces more frequently, which were previously habitats for wildlife. Unfortunately, this increased human activity has caused destruction to the natural habitat of various species. 535: 746: 496:. Of these, 25% are mammals, 14% are birds, and 40% are amphibians. However, because not all species have been assessed, these numbers could be even higher. A 2019 UN report assessing global biodiversity extrapolated IUCN data to all species and estimated that 1 million species worldwide could face extinction. Conservation of a select species are often prioritized on several factors which include significant economic and ecological value, as well as desirability or attractiveness. Yet, because resources are limited, sometimes it is not possible to give all species that need conservation due consideration. 315: 636:

from several genetic issues including kinked tails, cardiac defects, and low fertility. In 1995, eight female Texas cougars were introduced to the Florida population. The goal was to increase genetic diversity by introducing genes from a different, unrelated puma population. By 2007, the Florida panther population had tripled and offspring between Florida and Texas individuals had higher fertility and less genetic problems. In 2015, the US Fish and Wildlife Service estimated there were 230 adult Florida panthers and in 2017, there were signs that the population's range was expanding within Florida.

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military bases, where pine forests are kept for military training purposes and occasional bombings (also for training) set fires that maintain pine savannas. Woodpeckers live in tree cavities they excavate in the trunk. In an effort to increase woodpecker numbers, artificial cavities (essentially birdhouses planted within tree trunks) were installed to give woodpeckers a place to live. An active effort is made by the US military and workers to maintain this rare habitat used by red-cockaded woodpeckers.

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encouraging illegal wildlife trade. On March 30, 2021, TikTik joined the Coalition to End Wildlife Trafficking Online. They, along with other big social media companies work to protect species from illegal, harmful trade online. Research has shown that machine learning can filter through social media posts to identify indications of illegal wildlife trade. This filtration system is able to search for keywords, pictures, and phrases that indicate illegal wildlife trade, and report it.

6061: 6083: 6072: 5676: 4313: 115: 554:, which are areas of the world with an exceptionally high concentration of endemic species (species found nowhere else in the world). Many of these hotspots are in the tropics, mainly tropical forests like the Amazon. Habitat conservation is usually carried out by setting aside protected areas like national parks or nature reserves. Even when an area isn't made into a park or reserve, it can still be monitored and maintained. 166:, which is the obtainment of timber and wood for use in construction or fuel. Deforestation causes many threats to wildlife as it not only causes habitat destruction for the many animals that survive in forests, as more than 80% of the world's species live in forests but also leads to further climate change. Deforestation is a main concern in the tropical forests of the world. Tropical forests, like the 189:, overexploitation can apply to many groups including mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and plants. The danger of overexploitation is that if too many of a species offspring are taken, then the species may not recover. For example, overfishing of top marine predatory fish like tuna and salmon over the past century has led to a decline in fish sizes as well as fish numbers. 780:. To counter this, oral vaccinations are administered to these wolves within favorable bait that is widely distributed around their territories. The wolves consume the bait and with it ingest the vaccine, developing an immunity to rabies as antibodies are produced at significant levels. Wolves within these packs who did not ingest the vaccine will be protected by 170:, are home to the most biodiversity out of any other biome, making deforestation there an even more prevalent issue, especially in populated areas, as in these areas deforestation leads to habitat destruction and the endangerment of many species in one area. Some policies have been enacted to attempt to stop deforestation in different parts of the world, like the 221:, skins, and horns respectively). Less well-known targets of poaching include the harvest of protected plants and animals for souvenirs, food, skins, pets, and more. Poaching causes already small populations to decline even further as hunters tend to target threatened and endangered species because of their rarity and large profits. 613:, often decrease species survival by reducing the species' capacity to adapt or by increasing the frequency of genetic problems. Though not always the case, certain species are under threat because they have very low genetic diversity. As such, the best conservation action would be to restore their genetic diversity. 514:) is the largest turtle in the world, is the only turtle without a hard shell, and is endangered. It is found throughout the central Pacific and Atlantic Oceans but several of its populations are in decline across the globe (though not all). The leatherback sea turtle faces numerous threats including being caught as 860:

in 1979 and 1986 “earmarking U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) funds for ”. From 1990 till now, environmental conservation NGOs have become increasingly more focused on the political and economic impact of USAID funds dispersed for preserving the environment and its natural resources.

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The Endangered Species Act is a continuously updated list that remains up-to-date on species that are endangered or threatened. Along with the update of the list, the Endangered Species Act also seeks to implement actions to protect the species within its list. Furthermore, the Endangered Species Act

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that resides in the state of Florida and is currently endangered. Historically, the Florida panther's range covered the entire southeastern US. In the early 1990s, only a single population with 20-25 individuals were left. The population had very low genetic diversity, was highly inbred, and suffered

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is an endangered bird in the southeastern US. It only lives in longleaf pine savannas which are maintained by wildfires in mature pine forests. Today, it is a rare habitat (as fires have become rare and many pine forests have been cut down for agriculture) and is commonly found on land occupied by US

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Due to the fittest animals in the species being hunted or poached, the less fit organisms will mate, causing less fitness in the generations to come. In addition to species fitness being lowered and therefore endangering species, the illegal wildlife trade has ecological costs. Sex-ratio balances may

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The illegal wildlife trade is the illegal trading of plants and wildlife. This illegal trading is worth an estimate of 7-23 billion and an annual trade of around 100 million plants and animals. In 2021 it was found that this trade has caused a 60% decline in species abundance, and 80% for endangered

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negatively impact wildlife health. For some pollutants, simple exposure is enough to do damage (e.g. pesticides). For others, its through inhaling (e.g. air pollutants) or ingesting it (e.g. toxic metals). Pollutants affect different species in different ways so a pollutant that is bad for one might

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is the practice of protecting a habitat in order to protect the species within it. This is sometimes preferable to focusing on a single species especially if the species in question has very specific habitat requirements or lives in a habitat with many other endangered species. The latter is often

526:, measures to protect it include reducing bycatch captures through fishing gear modifications, monitoring and protecting its habitat (both nesting beaches and in the ocean), and reducing damage from marine pollution. There is currently an international effort to protect the leatherback sea turtle. 381:

naturally occur at low levels in the environment, but when ingested in high doses, can cause organ damage and cancer. How toxic they are depends on the exact metal, how much was ingested, and the animal that ingested it. Human activities such as mining, smelting, burning fossil fuels, and various

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is the clearing and cutting down forests on purpose. Deforestation is a cause of human-induced habitat action destruction, by cutting down habitats of different species in the process of removing trees. Deforestation is often done for several reasons, often for either agricultural purposes or for

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Monitoring of wildlife populations is an important part of conservation because it allows managers to gather information about the status of threatened species and to measure the effectiveness of management strategies. Monitoring can be local, regional, or range-wide, and can include one or many

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This trade can be devastating to both humans and animals. It has the capacity to spread zoonotic diseases to humans, as well as contribute to local extinction. The pathogens to humans may be spread through small animal vectors like ticks, or through ingestion of food and water. Extinction can be

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studies genetic phenomena that impact the conservation of a species. Most conservation efforts focus on managing population size, but conserving genetic diversity is typically a high priority as well. High genetic diversity increases survival because it means greater capacity to adapt to future

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Illegal wildlife trade has also become normalized through various social media outlets. There are TikTok accounts that have gone viral for their depiction of exotic pets, such as various monkey and bird species. These accounts show a cute and fun side of owning exotic pets, therefore indirectly

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put this estimate even higher at a million species. It is also being acknowledged that an increasing number of ecosystems on Earth containing endangered species are disappearing. To address these issues, there have been both national and international governmental efforts to preserve Earth's

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Monitoring methods can be categorized as either "direct" or "indirect". Direct methods rely on directly seeing or hearing the animals, whereas indirect methods rely on "signs" that indicate the animals are present. For terrestrial vertebrates, common direct monitoring methods include direct

388:: There are many sources of toxic chemical pollution including industrial wastewater, oil spills, and pesticides. There's a wide range of toxic chemicals so there's also a wide range of negative health effects. For example, synthetic pesticides and certain industrial chemicals are 716:

stressors, such as climate change or habitat loss, that ultimately lead a population to extinction without human intervention. Methods of vaccination varies depending on both the extent and efficiency of limiting the transmission of disease, and can be applied

869:, maintaining and improving the quality of the environment and its natural resources became a “priority” to “prevent international tensions” according to the Legislation on Foreign Relations Through 2002 and section 117 of the 1961 Foreign Assistance Act. 737:(IM). Conservation efforts regarding vaccinations often only serve the purpose of preventing disease related extinction. Rather than completely cleansing the population of the pathogen, infection rates are limited to a smaller percentage of the population. 690:

calculations. Mark-recapture methods are also used with genetic data from non-invasive hair or fecal samples. Such information can be analyzed independently or in conjunction with photographic methods to get a more complete picture of population viability.

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caused due to non-native species being introduced that become invasive. An example of how this may happen is through by-catch.These new species will outcompete the native species and take over, therefore causing the local or global extinction of a species.

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As carbon dioxide levels increase concentration in the atmosphere, they increase in the ocean as well. Typically, the ocean will absorb carbon from the atmosphere, where it can be sequestered in the deep ocean and sea floor; this is a process called the

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According to the National Wildlife Federation, wildlife conservation in the US gets a majority of its funding through appropriations from the federal budget, annual federal and state grants, and financial efforts from programs such as the

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such as coral are especially susceptible to decreased pH, resulting in mass bleaching events, inevitably destroying a habitat for many of coral's diverse inhabitants. Research (conducted through methods such as coral fossils and ancient

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The wildlife trade also causes issues for natural resources that people use in their everyday lives. Ecotourism is how some people bring in money to their homes, and with depleting the wildlife, this may be a factor in taking away jobs.

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Pimm, S. L.; Jenkins, C. N.; Abell, R.; Brooks, T. M.; Gittleman, J. L.; Joppa, L. N.; Raven, P. H.; Roberts, C. M.; Sexton, J. O. (2014-05-30). "The biodiversity of species and their rates of extinction, distribution, and protection".

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For large, terrestrial vertebrates, a popular method is to use camera traps for population estimation along with mark-recapture techniques. This method has been used successfully with tigers, black bears and numerous other species.

307:, and other marine life. The Queensland "shark control" program alone has killed about 50,000 sharks — it has also killed more than 84,000 marine animals. There are also examples of population culling in the United States, such as 674:, and variable plot surveys. Indirect methods include track stations, fecal counts, food removal, open or closed burrow-opening counts, burrow counts, runaway counts, knockdown cards, snow tracks, or responses to audio calls. 216:

is a major threat to certain species, particularly endangered ones whose status makes them economically valuable. Such species include many large mammals like African elephants, tigers, and rhinoceros (traded for their

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spillover to humans. A pathogen that has never once been exposed to a specific species' evolutionary pathway can have detrimental impacts on the population. In most cases, these risks escalate in conjunction to other

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was passed to protect US species deemed in danger of extinction. The concern at the time was that the country was losing species that were scientifically, culturally, and educationally important. In the same year,

698:(Replacement, Reduction, Refinement). In wildlife research, this can be done through the use of non-invasive methods, sharing samples and data with other research groups, or optimizing traps to prevent injuries. 706:

Distributing vaccinations to wildlife who are particularly vulnerable is useful in conservation to prevent or decelerate extreme population declination in a species from disease and also decrease the risk of a

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as fewer wolves are exposed to the virus. With continued periodic vaccinations, conservationists will be able to spend more resources on further proactive efforts to help prevent their extinction.

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In the late 1980s, as the public became dissatisfied with government environmental conservation efforts, people began supporting private sector conservation efforts which included several

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be tipped or reproduction rates are slowed, which can be detrimental to vulnerable species. The recovery of these populations may take longer due to the reproduction rates being slower.

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distinct populations. Metrics commonly gathered during monitoring include population numbers, geographic distribution, and genetic diversity, although many other metrics may be used.

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Schneider, Stefan; Taylor, Graham W.; Kremer, Stefan C. (2020). "Similarity Learning Networks for Animal Individual Re-Identification - Beyond the Capabilities of a Human Observer".

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Molina, Santiago; Fuller, Angela K.; Morin, Dana J.; Royle, J. Andrew (May 2017). "Use of spatial capture–recapture to estimate density of Andean bears in northern Ecuador".

832:. A substantial amount of funding comes from the sale of hunting/fishing licenses, game tags, stamps, and excise taxes from the purchase of hunting equipment and ammunition. 343:

come from burning fossil fuels and industrial emissions. These have direct and indirect effects on the health of wildlife and their ecosystems. For example, high levels of

4706: 801:(CITES) was passed as part of an international agreement to prevent the global trade of endangered wildlife. In 1980, the World Conservation Strategy was developed by the 2368:

Kent, Jennifer; Gustavo A. B. da Fonseca; Mittermeier, Cristina G.; Mittermeier, Russell A.; Myers, Norman (2000). "Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities".

3628: 351:) can damage plants and stunt their growth. Sulfur oxides also contribute to acid rain, harming both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Other air pollutants like 1307: 3063:

Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio; Marino, Jorgelina; Gordon, Christopher H.; Bedin, Eric; Hussein, Alo; Regassa, Fekede; Banyard, Ashley; Fooks, Anthony R. (2016-09-14).

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Frankham, Richard; Ballou, Jonathan D.; Ralls, Katherine; Eldridge, Mark D. B.; Dudash, Michele R.; Fenstar, Charles B.; Lacy, Robert C.; Sunnucks, Paul (2017).

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Dawson, T. P.; Jackson, S. T.; House, J. I.; Prentice, I. C.; Mace, G. M. (2011-04-01). "Beyond Predictions: Biodiversity Conservation in a Changing Climate".

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Tchounwou, Paul B.; Yedjou, Clement G.; Patlolla, Anita K.; Sutton, Dwayne J. (2012), Luch, Andreas (ed.), "Heavy Metal Toxicity and the Environment",

3488: 3736: 1896: 1449: 2030: 248:. Increased carbon dioxide emissions and increased stratification (which slows the biological pump) decrease the ocean pH, making it more acidic. 235: 3731: 2926: 1564: 802: 70: 2216:

Fischer, Anke; Bednar-Friedl, Birgit; Langers, Fransje; Dobrovodská, Marta; Geamana, Nicoleta; Skogen, Ketil; Dumortier, Myriam (2011-03-01).

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and fragmentation are primary drivers of species declines and extinctions. Key examples of human-induced habitat loss include deforestation,

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also lists the species that the act has recovered. It is estimated that the act has prevented the extinction of about 291 species, like

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Bezerra-Santos, Marcos A.; Mendoza-Roldan, Jairo A.; Thompson, R. C. Andrew; Dantas-Torres, Filipe; Otranto, Domenico (2021-03-01).

392:. These pollutants are long-lived and can cause cancer, reproductive disorders, immune system problems, and nervous system problems. 4235: 17: 1467: 844:, since its implementation through its different recovery plans and the protection that it provides for these threatened species. 427:, and rising sea levels are some of the effects of climate change. Phenomena like droughts, wildfires, heatwaves, intense storms, 185:

is the harvesting of animals and plants at a rate that's faster than the species' ability to recover. While often associated with

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breaks up a continuous tract of habitat, often dividing large wildlife populations into several smaller ones. Human-caused

816:(often called the Rio Earth Summit) as an international accord to protect the Earth's biological resources and diversity. 484:

It is estimated that, because of human activities, current species extinction rates are about 1000 times greater than the

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currently changing Earth's environmental conditions. It is related to some of the aforementioned threats to wildlife like

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Culling is the deliberate and selective killing of wildlife by governments for various purposes. An example of this is

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with help from the UN Environmental Programme, World Wildlife Fund, UN Food and Agricultural Organization, and UNESCO.

772:, is an endangered species with less than 440 wolves remaining in the wild. These wolves are primarily exposed to the 5947: 5529: 4576: 4230: 3608: 3352: 1679: 1135: 1097: 1020: 5153: 4516: 4198: 3724: 3474: 921: 4606: 4501: 4273: 4065: 4004: 3558: 1339: 2902: 694:

When designing a wildlife monitoring strategy, it is important to minimize harm to the animal and implement the

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Russell, Robin E.; DiRenzo, Graziella V.; Szymanski, Jennifer A.; Alger, Katrina E.; Grant, Evan H. C. (2020).

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by domestic dogs and are facing extreme population declines, especially in the southern Ethiopia region of the

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has occurred in the geological past (more likely at a slower pace), and correlate with past extinction events.

2218:"Universal criteria for species conservation priorities? Findings from a survey of public views across Europe" 6030: 4670: 4316: 4055: 3890: 3714: 3694: 1235: 911: 901: 853: 91: 5222: 5057: 4561: 4278: 4021: 3816: 3811: 3689: 946: 821: 389: 5546: 4531: 4496: 4296: 4203: 4188: 3987: 3872: 3801: 3704: 3598: 2941: 936: 730: 3312:

Meyer, Carrie A. (1993). "Environmental NGOs in Ecuador: An Economic Analysis of Institutional Change".

5927: 5915: 5679: 5563: 5507: 4599: 4471: 4426: 4376: 4138: 3746: 3538: 896: 890: 695: 485: 103: 99: 3064: 2535: 2283: 2217: 1922: 1153:"It Is a Wild World in the City: Urban Wildlife Conservation and Communication in the Age of COVID-19" 5094: 4481: 4446: 4371: 4342: 4178: 4158: 4143: 4113: 4009: 2258: 1517: 534: 3158: 1712: 5957: 5932: 5079: 4541: 4511: 4476: 4401: 4396: 4386: 4306: 4223: 4193: 4173: 3781: 3699: 3684: 3674: 3649: 3644: 2005: 1192: 825: 3451: 1981:"Wildlife, Forest & Fisheries Crime Module 1 Key Issues: Implications of Wildlife Trafficking" 808:

Its purpose was to promote the conservation of living resources important to humans. In 1992, the

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and pollution. Rising temperatures, melting ice sheets, changes in precipitation patterns, severe

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Wang, Le; Ding, Rizhi; Zhai, Yuanhao; Zhang, Qilin; Tang, Wei; Zheng, Nanning; Hua, Gang (2021).

1495: 734: 563: 2164:"UN Report: Nature's Dangerous Decline 'Unprecedented'; Species Extinction Rates 'Accelerating'" 5952: 5894: 5657: 5500: 5372: 4566: 4556: 4536: 4526: 4406: 4391: 4381: 4366: 4213: 4208: 4128: 4123: 4118: 4108: 4090: 4075: 3929: 3588: 3458: 1390: 1363: 885: 857: 505: 314: 239:

Pterapod shell dissolved in seawater adjusted to an ocean chemistry projected for the year 2100

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industrial processes have contributed to the rise in heavy metal levels in the environment.

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environmental changes. Meanwhile, effects associated with low genetic diversity, such as

492:, out of all species assessed, over 42,100 are at risk of extinction and should be under 412: 249: 230: 131: 58: 3528: 2686: 2381: 2054:

Di Minin, Enrico; Fink, Christoph; Hiippala, Tuomo; Tenkanen, Henrikki (February 2019).

1799: 856:(NGOs) . Seeing this rise in support for NGOs, the U.S. Congress made amendments to the 686:-based animal individual re-identification methods have been developed to automate such 6087: 6040: 5990: 5879: 5793: 5705: 5653: 5638: 5568: 5524: 5414: 5000: 4905: 4660: 4026: 3900: 3831: 3623: 3321: 3286: 3251: 3008: 2975: 2827: 2753: 2714: 2628: 2605: 2562: 2409: 2145: 2088: 2055: 1958: 1827: 1690: 1614: 1587: 1443: 968: 722: 667: 568: 472: 356: 6010: 5748: 5625: 5089: 4995: 4968: 4815: 4765: 4701: 4655: 4283: 3992: 3950: 3836: 3719: 3329: 3291: 3273: 3250:

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CITES: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna dn Flora

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Coman, Ioana A.; Cooper-Norris, Caitlyn E.; Longing, Scott; Perry, Gad (2022-07-04).

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CITES: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna dn Flora

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Conservation of Wildlife Populations : Demography, Genetics, and Management

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Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora

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the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Fauna and Flora

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can be triggered remotely and automatically via sound, infrared sensors, etc.

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exist to actively promote, or be involved with, wildlife conservation:

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Practice of protecting wild plant and animal species and their habitats

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of 1964 which designated specific areas wilderness to be protected.

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estimates that 42,100 species of the ones assessed are at risk for

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2020 IEEE Winter Applications of Computer Vision Workshops (WACVW)

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species or populations and to restore, protect or enhance natural

6045: 6035: 5480: 5276: 5271: 5217: 5123: 5052: 4895: 4696: 3383: 3249: 2976:"Ecological and Evolutionary Challenges for Wildlife Vaccination" 1334: 1332: 1047: 1003: 765: 515: 416: 300: 270: 163: 69:, pollution, climate change, and the illegal wildlife trade. The 46: 42: 2537:

Methods For Monitoring Tiger And Prey Populations | SpringerLink

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Diaz, Sandra; Settele, Josef; Brondizio, Eduardo (2019-05-06).

1759: 1468:"Queensland's Shark Control Program Has Snagged 84,000 Animals" 1088:

Cain, Michael L.; Bowman, William D.; Hacker, Sally D. (2013).

628: 296: 119: 3029: 3027: 1329: 1150: 5362: 5202: 5128: 4915: 1661: 1128:

Genetic Management of Fragmented Animal and Plant Populations

798: 654: 304: 292: 83: 82:

wildlife. Prominent conservation agreements include the 1973

2859: 2732:

Robinson, Stacie; Waits, Lisette; Martin, Ian (2009-06-03).

2053: 134:

decreases the number of places where wildlife can live in.

5307: 5163: 5158: 5138: 5012: 4963: 4807: 3226:"Endangered Species Act | U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service" 3024: 2846: 1891: 1889: 1125: 352: 1785: 318:

Aerial view of the BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill in 2010.

5848: 5721: 5266: 4910: 878: 311:

and swans, geese, and deer in New York and other places.

77:. Expanding to all existing species, a 2019 UN report on 2224:. The New Conservation Debate: Beyond Parks vs. People. 1886: 1561:"Killing Wildlife: The Pros and Cons of Culling Animals" 1391:"What is Poaching? The Illegal Wildlife Trade Explained" 3425: 657:

is crucial for knowledge about its conservation status.

3058: 3056: 3054: 2579: 2110: 1385: 1383: 1236:"Deforestation and Forest Degradation | Threats | WWF" 522:. In the US where the leatherback is listed under the 2622: 518:, harvest of its eggs, loss of nesting habitats, and 3384:"About Us – Learn More About The Nature Conservancy" 2187: 1588:"Wildlife in U.S. Cities: Managing Unwanted Animals" 3051: 2940:Tizard, Ian R. (2021-01-01), Tizard, Ian R. (ed.), 2731: 2534:Karanth, K. Ullas; Nichols, James D., eds. (2017). 2462: 2460: 1380: 3426:"ZSL | A science-driven conservation charity" 2974:Barnett, K. M.; Civitello, David J. (2020-12-01). 5720: 2665: 2253: 2251: 1760:Environmental Protection Agency (July 21, 2023). 872: 6100: 3737:Other effective area-based conservation measures 3446: 3353:"The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended" 3252:"Extinction and the U.S. Endangered Species Act" 2973: 2903:"Wildlife Vaccination - Growing in Feasibility?" 2457: 2426:Stafleu, F. A. (1970). . Taxon, 19(2), 273–275. 1664:Molecular, Clinical and Environmental Toxicology 1087: 439:occurred naturally and have led to extinctions. 3732:Integrated Conservation and Development Project 2773:The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique 1542:"Aussie shark population in staggering decline" 1121: 1119: 1117: 3453:"Wild Life, Conservation of, in America" 2533: 2248: 1741:NASA Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet 94:(NGO's) dedicated to conservation such as the 5706: 4607: 4343: 3482: 3307: 3305: 1766:United States Environmental Protection Agency 1518:"Shark nets – death traps for marine animals" 1260:"The Wilderness Act | The Wilderness Society" 1193:"Deforestation | National Geographic Society" 847: 2942:"Chapter 8 - The administration of vaccines" 2770: 1870:"Share the Facts About Wildlife Trafficking" 1448:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 1114: 814:UN Conference on Environment and Development 118:A forest burned for agriculture in southern 4357: 3496: 3182:. National Wildlife Federation. www.nwf.org 3161:. National Wildlife Federation. www.nwf.org 2925:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 2006:"Is TikTok promoting the exotic pet trade?" 1974: 1972: 1212:"Forests, desertification and biodiversity" 1083: 1081: 1079: 1077: 572:Red-cockaded Woodpecker (picoides borealis) 5713: 5699: 4614: 4600: 4350: 4336: 3489: 3475: 3302: 1846:"Climate Change Evidence: How Do We Know?" 557: 196:Confiscated animal pelts from the illegal 41:refers to the practice of protecting wild 3347: 3345: 3343: 3285: 3267: 3007: 2877: 2847:"The 3Rs Principles in Wildlife Research" 2813: 2803: 2632: 2087: 1850:Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet 1689: 1613: 1603: 1461: 1459: 1168: 1130:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. 1004:"The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species" 865:and the start of former President Bush's 787: 701: 499: 442: 2844: 2785: 2771:Russell, W. M. S.; Burch, R. L. (1959). 1969: 1585: 1465: 1074: 749:Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis citernii) 744: 648: 588: 584: 567: 533: 471: 313: 234: 191: 113: 29: 2281: 639: 627:The Florida panther is a subspecies of 529: 467: 407:Humans are responsible for present-day 279:, in which "shark control" programs in 14: 6101: 3340: 2939: 2900: 2491: 2168:United Nations Sustainable Development 1762:"Climate Change Indicators: Wildfires" 1713:"Persistent organic pollutants (POPs)" 1515: 1456: 1216:United Nations Sustainable Development 644: 224: 126: 109: 5694: 4621: 4595: 4331: 3470: 3311: 2675:IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 2003: 1563:. National Geographic. Archived from 1558: 2028: 1978: 57:. Major threats to wildlife include 3199: 3111:"Endangered Species Act | Overview" 1008:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 830:Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program 177: 24: 2866:Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 2845:Zemanova, Miriam A. (2023-11-30). 2786:Zemanova, Miriam A. (2020-03-17). 1522:Humane Society International (HSI) 1413: 1364:"Illegal Wildlife Trade- Overview" 1312:The Environmental Literacy Council 1209: 1062:Convention on Biological Diversity 810:Convention on Biological Diversity 616: 88:Convention on Biological Diversity 25: 6120: 3609:Conservation biology of parasites 3440: 3200:Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife. 3159:"Securing Funds for Conservation" 396: 34:Ankeny Wildlife Refuge in Oregon. 6082: 6081: 6071: 6070: 6059: 5675: 5674: 4432:Democratic Republic of the Congo 4312: 4311: 3725:Tropical rainforest conservation 3629:Vulnerability and susceptibility 3115:U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2948:, Elsevier, pp. 87–104.e1, 1197:education.nationalgeographic.org 922:Traffic (conservation programme) 153: 4274:NatureServe conservation status 3559:Conservation-induced extinction 3418: 3397: 3376: 3314:The Journal of Developing Areas 3243: 3218: 3193: 3172: 3151: 3128: 3103: 2967: 2933: 2894: 2853: 2838: 2779: 2764: 2725: 2659: 2643:10.1109/wacvw50321.2020.9096925 2616: 2573: 2527: 2485: 2432: 2428:https://doi.org/10.2307/1217968 2420: 2361: 2332: 2308: 2275: 2209: 2181: 2156: 2104: 2047: 2022: 1997: 1914: 1862: 1838: 1779: 1753: 1737:"The Effects of Climate Change" 1729: 1705: 1655: 1630: 1579: 1552: 1534: 1509: 1484: 1407: 1356: 1300: 1276: 1252: 861:After the terrorist attacks on 653:Non-invasive monitoring of the 90:(CBD). There are also numerous 3665:Conservation management system 3549:Conservation-dependent species 3509:Index of conservation articles 2444:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1586:Hadidian, John (Dec 5, 2015). 1516:Morris, Jessica (2016-12-08). 1344:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1228: 1203: 1185: 1144: 932:African Wildlife Defence Force 873:Non-governmental organizations 854:non-governmental organizations 794:Endangered Species Act of 1973 61:, degradation, fragmentation, 13: 1: 3891:Assisted natural regeneration 3695:Ecoregion conservation status 3136:"World Conservation Strategy" 3081:10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.08.021 1466:Mitchell, Thom (2015-11-20). 984: 912:Wildlife Conservation Society 902:Fauna and Flora International 576:The red-cockaded woodpecker ( 390:persistent organic pollutants 92:nongovernmental organizations 49:in order to maintain healthy 4640:Pollution / quality 4279:Special Area of Conservation 3817:Landscape-scale conservation 3812:High conservation value area 3690:Community-based conservation 2668:"Giant Panda Identification" 2234:10.1016/j.biocon.2010.12.004 1494:. 2018-10-02. Archived from 1288:National Wildlife Federation 947:Zoological Society of London 822:Conservation Reserve Program 510:The leatherback sea turtle ( 322: 7: 6031:Zoo emergency response team 4297:List of conservation issues 3705:Evidence-based conservation 3599:Mutualisms and conservation 3202:"Fish and Wildlife Service" 3039:African Wildlife Foundation 1672:10.1007/978-3-7643-8340-4_6 1058:"History of the Convention" 952: 812:(CBD) was agreed on at the 609:and loss of diversity from 291:) have killed thousands of 204: 10: 6125: 3747:Roadless area conservation 3539:Compassionate conservation 2946:Vaccines for Veterinarians 2282:Bernton, Hal; Bush, Evan. 1559:James, Will (2014-03-06). 897:Conservation International 891:World Wide Fund for Nature 848:Non-government involvement 741:Case study: Ethiopian Wolf 620: 561: 550:true of species living in 503: 486:background extinction rate 437:past climate change events 400: 268: 264: 257:carbon analysis) suggests 228: 104:Conservation International 6054: 5973: 5948:Former zoos and aquariums 5903: 5857: 5736: 5670: 5611: 5476: 5469: 5350: 5211:Types / location 5210: 5201: 5011: 4806: 4719: 4689: 4638: 4629: 4363: 4292: 4246: 4101: 3938: 3881: 3850: 3770: 3637: 3517: 3504: 2594:10.2192/URSU-D-16-00030.1 2549:10.1007/978-981-10-5436-5 2440:"Red-Cockaded Woodpecker" 2029:Wild, Asia (2023-04-04). 1717:World Health Organization 729:(IN), or injected either 538:Red-cockaded woodpecker ( 423:, storm intensification, 4412:Central African Republic 4134:Central African Republic 3782:Conservation designation 3700:Environmental protection 3685:Conspicuous conservation 3675:Conservation photography 3650:Conservation development 3645:Conservation agriculture 3386:. Nature.org. 2011-02-23 2992:10.1016/j.pt.2020.08.006 2879:10.3389/fevo.2020.569016 2695:10.1109/tip.2021.3055627 2627:. IEEE. pp. 44–52. 2340:"Wild Life | The Samajh" 1939:10.1016/j.pt.2020.12.005 1340:"Illegal Wildlife Trade" 937:Save Cambodia's Wildlife 826:Wetlands Reserve Program 476:Leatherback sea turtle ( 18:Wildlife conservationist 4358:Conservation by country 3873:Human–wildlife conflict 3757:Site-based conservation 3680:Conservation psychology 3498:Conservation of species 2222:Biological Conservation 2126:10.1126/science.1246752 1808:10.1126/science.1200303 1638:"Sulfur Dioxide Basics" 564:Red-cockaded woodpecker 558:Red-cockaded woodpecker 5895:Species reintroduction 3930:Species reintroduction 3589:Latent extinction risk 3459:Encyclopedia Americana 2980:Trends in Parasitology 2775:. London, UK: Methuen. 1927:Trends in Parasitology 886:The Nature Conservancy 858:Foreign Assistance Act 788:Government involvement 750: 702:Vaccine administration 658: 598: 573: 543: 524:Endangered Species Act 506:Leatherback sea turtle 500:Leatherback sea turtle 481: 443:Illegal Wildlife Trade 319: 240: 201: 144:agricultural expansion 123: 35: 6109:Wildlife conservation 6021:Wildlife conservation 6001:Behavioral enrichment 4302:List of organisations 3956:Hawaiian honeycreeper 3896:Ecosystem restoration 3868:Habitat fragmentation 3863:Fortress conservation 3822:Marine protected area 3792:Conservation easement 3787:Conservation district 3752:Roadside conservation 3670:Conservation movement 3614:Species translocation 3554:Conservation genetics 3544:Conservation behavior 3407:. World Wildlife Fund 2901:jlp342 (2020-02-17). 2492:Witmer, Gary (2005). 959:Conservation movement 748: 652: 607:inbreeding depression 602:Conservation genetics 592: 585:Conservation genetics 571: 552:biodiversity hotspots 537: 475: 363:decrease air quality. 317: 238: 195: 136:Habitat fragmentation 117: 86:(CITES) and the 1992 39:Wildlife conservation 33: 5991:Animals in captivity 5890:In situ conservation 5885:Ex situ conservation 5875:Conservation biology 5586:remnant natural area 5223:storage and recovery 4889:habitat conservation 4707:Deforestation (REDD) 4264:Planetary boundaries 4254:Conservation officer 3858:Conservation refugee 3807:Habitat conservation 3797:Conservation reserve 3762:Wetland conservation 3660:Conservation grazing 3655:Conservation finance 3619:Conservation welfare 3584:In-situ conservation 3579:Extinction threshold 3574:Ex-situ conservation 2907:cwhl.vet.cornell.edu 2259:"Leatherback Turtle" 2060:Conservation Biology 2004:Hernandez, Daniela. 1874:www.conservation.org 964:Conservation biology 927:Born Free Foundation 640:Conservation methods 633:Puma concolor coryi) 547:Habitat conservation 530:Habitat conservation 512:Dermochelys coriacea 478:Dermochelys coriacea 468:Species conservation 369:: Heavy metals like 332:not affect another. 250:Calcifying organisms 6088:Category: Aquariums 5943:Conservation topics 5540:Earth Overshoot Day 5114:Marine conservation 5095:non-timber products 3604:Nature conservation 3594:Marine conservation 3564:Conservation status 2687:2021ITIP...30.2837W 2382:2000Natur.403..853M 2010:www.hybridmag.co.uk 1901:www.sheffield.ac.uk 1800:2011Sci...332...53D 1548:. 14 December 2018. 1472:Action for Dolphins 1395:World Wildlife Fund 1368:World Wildlife Fund 1240:World Wildlife Fund 979:Wildlife management 942:WildEarth Guardians 645:Wildlife Monitoring 595:Puma concolor coryi 429:ocean acidification 425:ocean acidification 413:habitat destruction 259:ocean acidification 231:Ocean acidification 225:Ocean Acidification 132:Habitat destruction 127:Habitat destruction 110:Threats to wildlife 100:World Wildlife Fund 59:habitat destruction 6066:Animals portal 6041:Zoological society 5928:Animal sanctuaries 5880:Endangered species 5794:Marine mammal park 5525:Ecosystem services 4648:Ambient standards 3901:Island restoration 3832:Open space reserve 3624:Threatened species 3269:10.7717/peerj.6803 3232:. 28 December 1973 2750:10.2192/08GR022R.1 2288:The Sacramento Bee 2072:10.1111/cobi.13104 1605:10.3390/ani5040401 1414:Scott., Mills, L. 1308:"Overexploitation" 1284:"Overexploitation" 1264:www.wilderness.org 969:Endangered species 751: 659: 599: 578:Picoides borealis) 574: 544: 482: 361:particulate matter 357:ground-level ozone 320: 241: 202: 124: 96:Nature Conservancy 36: 6096: 6095: 6011:Immersion exhibit 5749:Animal theme park 5688: 5687: 5666: 5665: 5465: 5464: 5144:genetic resources 5080:genetic resources 4715: 4714: 4623:Natural resources 4589: 4588: 4325: 4324: 4284:Soil conservation 3837:Wildlife corridor 3720:Forest protection 3715:Forest management 3075:(40): 4792–4798. 2955:978-0-323-68299-2 2805:10.2981/wlb.00607 2652:978-1-7281-7162-3 2558:978-981-10-5435-8 2498:Wildlife Research 2468:"Florida Panther" 2376:(6772): 853–858. 2120:(6187): 1246752. 1427:978-1-118-40669-4 1170:10.3390/d14070539 593:Florida panther ( 540:Picoides borealis 433:rising sea levels 16:(Redirected from 6116: 6085: 6084: 6074: 6073: 6064: 6063: 5958:Zoo associations 5933:Butterfly houses 5870:Captive breeding 5744:Animal sanctuary 5715: 5708: 5701: 5692: 5691: 5678: 5677: 5629: 5576:Natural heritage 5535:overexploitation 5474: 5473: 5208: 5207: 5154:herbal medicines 5134:FAO Plant Treaty 4674: 4651: 4636: 4635: 4616: 4609: 4602: 4593: 4592: 4517:Papua New Guinea 4352: 4345: 4338: 4329: 4328: 4315: 4314: 4199:Papua New Guinea 4091:Cryopreservation 4056:Gray nurse shark 3710:Flagship species 3534:Captive breeding 3491: 3484: 3477: 3468: 3467: 3463: 3455: 3448:Ernest Ingersoll 3434: 3433: 3422: 3416: 3415: 3413: 3412: 3401: 3395: 3394: 3392: 3391: 3380: 3374: 3373: 3371: 3370: 3364: 3358:. Archived from 3357: 3349: 3338: 3337: 3309: 3300: 3299: 3289: 3271: 3247: 3241: 3240: 3238: 3237: 3222: 3216: 3215: 3213: 3212: 3197: 3191: 3190: 3188: 3187: 3176: 3170: 3169: 3167: 3166: 3155: 3149: 3148: 3146: 3145: 3140: 3132: 3126: 3125: 3123: 3122: 3107: 3101: 3100: 3060: 3049: 3048: 3046: 3045: 3035:"Ethiopian Wolf" 3031: 3022: 3021: 3011: 2971: 2965: 2964: 2963: 2962: 2937: 2931: 2930: 2924: 2916: 2914: 2913: 2898: 2892: 2891: 2881: 2857: 2851: 2850: 2842: 2836: 2835: 2817: 2807: 2792:Wildlife Biology 2783: 2777: 2776: 2768: 2762: 2761: 2729: 2723: 2722: 2672: 2663: 2657: 2656: 2636: 2620: 2614: 2613: 2577: 2571: 2570: 2542: 2531: 2525: 2524: 2522: 2521: 2512:. Archived from 2489: 2483: 2482: 2480: 2479: 2464: 2455: 2454: 2452: 2451: 2436: 2430: 2424: 2418: 2417: 2390:10.1038/35002501 2365: 2359: 2358: 2356: 2355: 2346:. Archived from 2344:www.thesamajh.in 2336: 2330: 2329: 2327: 2326: 2316:"What is CITES?" 2312: 2306: 2305: 2303: 2302: 2279: 2273: 2272: 2270: 2269: 2255: 2246: 2245: 2213: 2207: 2206: 2204: 2203: 2194: 2185: 2179: 2178: 2176: 2175: 2160: 2154: 2153: 2108: 2102: 2101: 2091: 2051: 2045: 2044: 2042: 2041: 2026: 2020: 2019: 2017: 2016: 2001: 1995: 1994: 1992: 1991: 1976: 1967: 1966: 1918: 1912: 1911: 1909: 1908: 1893: 1884: 1883: 1881: 1880: 1866: 1860: 1859: 1857: 1856: 1842: 1836: 1835: 1783: 1777: 1776: 1774: 1772: 1757: 1751: 1750: 1748: 1747: 1733: 1727: 1726: 1724: 1723: 1709: 1703: 1702: 1693: 1659: 1653: 1652: 1650: 1649: 1634: 1628: 1627: 1617: 1607: 1598:(4): 1092–1113. 1583: 1577: 1576: 1574: 1572: 1567:on March 9, 2014 1556: 1550: 1549: 1538: 1532: 1531: 1529: 1528: 1513: 1507: 1506: 1504: 1503: 1488: 1482: 1481: 1479: 1478: 1463: 1454: 1453: 1447: 1439: 1411: 1405: 1404: 1402: 1401: 1387: 1378: 1377: 1375: 1374: 1360: 1354: 1353: 1351: 1350: 1336: 1327: 1326: 1324: 1323: 1314:. Archived from 1304: 1298: 1297: 1295: 1294: 1280: 1274: 1273: 1271: 1270: 1256: 1250: 1249: 1247: 1246: 1232: 1226: 1225: 1223: 1222: 1207: 1201: 1200: 1189: 1183: 1182: 1172: 1148: 1142: 1141: 1123: 1112: 1111: 1085: 1072: 1071: 1069: 1068: 1054: 1045: 1044: 1042: 1041: 1031:"What is CITES?" 1027: 1018: 1017: 1015: 1014: 1000: 974:Refuge (ecology) 520:marine pollution 419:, more frequent 327:A wide range of 309:bison in Montana 214:wildlife trading 183:Overexploitation 178:Overexploitation 63:overexploitation 21: 6124: 6123: 6119: 6118: 6117: 6115: 6114: 6113: 6099: 6098: 6097: 6092: 6058: 6050: 6016:Nocturnal house 5996:Animal training 5969: 5899: 5853: 5769:Butterfly house 5732: 5719: 5689: 5684: 5662: 5627: 5607: 5593:Systems ecology 5559:Natural capital 5461: 5346: 5335:reclaimed water 5197: 5159:UPOV Convention 5007: 4802: 4711: 4685: 4681:Ozone depletion 4672: 4649: 4625: 4620: 4590: 4585: 4502:North Macedonia 4359: 4356: 4326: 4321: 4288: 4242: 4097: 4015:Indian elephant 3934: 3877: 3846: 3842:30 by 30 target 3773: 3766: 3742:Riparian buffer 3633: 3520: 3513: 3500: 3495: 3443: 3438: 3437: 3424: 3423: 3419: 3410: 3408: 3403: 3402: 3398: 3389: 3387: 3382: 3381: 3377: 3368: 3366: 3362: 3355: 3351: 3350: 3341: 3310: 3303: 3248: 3244: 3235: 3233: 3224: 3223: 3219: 3210: 3208: 3198: 3194: 3185: 3183: 3178: 3177: 3173: 3164: 3162: 3157: 3156: 3152: 3143: 3141: 3138: 3134: 3133: 3129: 3120: 3118: 3109: 3108: 3104: 3061: 3052: 3043: 3041: 3033: 3032: 3025: 2986:(12): 970–978. 2972: 2968: 2960: 2958: 2956: 2938: 2934: 2918: 2917: 2911: 2909: 2899: 2895: 2858: 2854: 2843: 2839: 2784: 2780: 2769: 2765: 2730: 2726: 2670: 2664: 2660: 2653: 2621: 2617: 2578: 2574: 2559: 2540: 2532: 2528: 2519: 2517: 2510:10.1071/WR04003 2490: 2486: 2477: 2475: 2466: 2465: 2458: 2449: 2447: 2438: 2437: 2433: 2425: 2421: 2366: 2362: 2353: 2351: 2338: 2337: 2333: 2324: 2322: 2314: 2313: 2309: 2300: 2298: 2280: 2276: 2267: 2265: 2257: 2256: 2249: 2228:(3): 998–1007. 2214: 2210: 2201: 2199: 2192: 2186: 2182: 2173: 2171: 2162: 2161: 2157: 2109: 2105: 2052: 2048: 2039: 2037: 2027: 2023: 2014: 2012: 2002: 1998: 1989: 1987: 1977: 1970: 1919: 1915: 1906: 1904: 1895: 1894: 1887: 1878: 1876: 1868: 1867: 1863: 1854: 1852: 1844: 1843: 1839: 1794:(6025): 53–58. 1784: 1780: 1770: 1768: 1758: 1754: 1745: 1743: 1735: 1734: 1730: 1721: 1719: 1711: 1710: 1706: 1682: 1660: 1656: 1647: 1645: 1636: 1635: 1631: 1584: 1580: 1570: 1568: 1557: 1553: 1540: 1539: 1535: 1526: 1524: 1514: 1510: 1501: 1499: 1490: 1489: 1485: 1476: 1474: 1464: 1457: 1441: 1440: 1428: 1412: 1408: 1399: 1397: 1389: 1388: 1381: 1372: 1370: 1362: 1361: 1357: 1348: 1346: 1338: 1337: 1330: 1321: 1319: 1306: 1305: 1301: 1292: 1290: 1282: 1281: 1277: 1268: 1266: 1258: 1257: 1253: 1244: 1242: 1234: 1233: 1229: 1220: 1218: 1208: 1204: 1191: 1190: 1186: 1149: 1145: 1138: 1124: 1115: 1100: 1086: 1075: 1066: 1064: 1056: 1055: 1048: 1039: 1037: 1029: 1028: 1021: 1012: 1010: 1002: 1001: 992: 987: 955: 917:Audubon Society 875: 850: 842:humpback whales 792:In the US, the 790: 735:intramuscularly 704: 684:Computer vision 647: 642: 625: 623:Florida panther 619: 617:Florida panther 587: 566: 560: 532: 508: 502: 470: 445: 405: 399: 386:Toxic chemicals 350: 325: 285:New South Wales 273: 267: 246:biological pump 233: 227: 207: 180: 156: 129: 112: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6122: 6112: 6111: 6094: 6093: 6091: 6090: 6079: 6077:Category: Zoos 6068: 6055: 6052: 6051: 6049: 6048: 6043: 6038: 6033: 6028: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6008: 6003: 5998: 5993: 5988: 5986:Animal cruelty 5983: 5977: 5975: 5971: 5970: 5968: 5967: 5966: 5965: 5955: 5953:Nature centers 5950: 5945: 5940: 5935: 5930: 5925: 5924: 5923: 5913: 5907: 5905: 5901: 5900: 5898: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5861: 5859: 5855: 5854: 5852: 5851: 5846: 5841: 5836: 5831: 5829:Reptile centre 5826: 5821: 5816: 5811: 5806: 5801: 5796: 5791: 5786: 5781: 5776: 5771: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5751: 5746: 5740: 5738: 5734: 5733: 5718: 5717: 5710: 5703: 5695: 5686: 5685: 5683: 5682: 5671: 5668: 5667: 5664: 5663: 5661: 5660: 5651: 5646: 5641: 5636: 5631: 5628:(perpetuation) 5623: 5617: 5615: 5609: 5608: 5606: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5589: 5588: 5581:Nature reserve 5578: 5573: 5572: 5571: 5566: 5556: 5555: 5554: 5544: 5543: 5542: 5537: 5527: 5522: 5521: 5520: 5515: 5505: 5504: 5503: 5498: 5493: 5488: 5477: 5471: 5467: 5466: 5463: 5462: 5460: 5459: 5458: 5457: 5452: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5387: 5386: 5385: 5375: 5370: 5365: 5360: 5354: 5352: 5348: 5347: 5345: 5344: 5339: 5338: 5337: 5327: 5322: 5317: 5316: 5315: 5305: 5300: 5299: 5298: 5286: 5285: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5264: 5259: 5258: 5257: 5252: 5247: 5237: 5232: 5227: 5226: 5225: 5214: 5212: 5205: 5199: 5198: 5196: 5195: 5194: 5193: 5188: 5178: 5173: 5168: 5167: 5166: 5161: 5156: 5151: 5146: 5141: 5136: 5126: 5121: 5116: 5111: 5110: 5109: 5099: 5098: 5097: 5092: 5087: 5082: 5072: 5071: 5070: 5065: 5060: 5058:climate change 5050: 5045: 5040: 5035: 5034: 5033: 5026:Bioprospecting 5023: 5017: 5015: 5009: 5008: 5006: 5005: 5004: 5003: 4998: 4988: 4987: 4986: 4981: 4976: 4971: 4961: 4960: 4959: 4954: 4953: 4952: 4947: 4937: 4936: 4935: 4930: 4920: 4919: 4918: 4908: 4903: 4893: 4892: 4891: 4881: 4880: 4879: 4869: 4868: 4867: 4862: 4857: 4852: 4842: 4837: 4832: 4831: 4830: 4829: 4828: 4812: 4810: 4804: 4803: 4801: 4800: 4795: 4794: 4793: 4788: 4778: 4773: 4768: 4763: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4725: 4723: 4717: 4716: 4713: 4712: 4710: 4709: 4704: 4699: 4693: 4691: 4687: 4686: 4684: 4683: 4678: 4677: 4676: 4671:Clean Air Act 4663: 4658: 4653: 4644: 4642: 4633: 4627: 4626: 4619: 4618: 4611: 4604: 4596: 4587: 4586: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4572:United Kingdom 4569: 4564: 4559: 4554: 4549: 4544: 4539: 4534: 4529: 4524: 4519: 4514: 4509: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4484: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4454: 4449: 4444: 4439: 4434: 4429: 4424: 4419: 4414: 4409: 4404: 4399: 4394: 4389: 4384: 4379: 4374: 4369: 4364: 4361: 4360: 4355: 4354: 4347: 4340: 4332: 4323: 4322: 4320: 4319: 4309: 4307:List of people 4304: 4299: 4293: 4290: 4289: 4287: 4286: 4281: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4256: 4250: 4248: 4244: 4243: 4241: 4240: 4239: 4238: 4228: 4227: 4226: 4219:United Kingdom 4216: 4211: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4191: 4186: 4181: 4176: 4171: 4166: 4161: 4156: 4151: 4146: 4141: 4136: 4131: 4126: 4121: 4116: 4111: 4105: 4103: 4099: 4098: 4096: 4095: 4094: 4093: 4088: 4080: 4079: 4078: 4073: 4068: 4066:Painted turtle 4063: 4058: 4053: 4043: 4042: 4041: 4036: 4035: 4034: 4024: 4019: 4018: 4017: 4007: 4002: 4001: 4000: 3990: 3985: 3983:American bison 3977: 3972: 3971: 3970: 3969: 3968: 3958: 3948: 3942: 3940: 3936: 3935: 3933: 3932: 3927: 3926: 3925: 3915: 3914: 3913: 3903: 3898: 3893: 3887: 3885: 3879: 3878: 3876: 3875: 3870: 3865: 3860: 3854: 3852: 3848: 3847: 3845: 3844: 3839: 3834: 3829: 3824: 3819: 3814: 3809: 3804: 3799: 3794: 3789: 3784: 3778: 3776: 3768: 3767: 3765: 3764: 3759: 3754: 3749: 3744: 3739: 3734: 3729: 3728: 3727: 3722: 3712: 3707: 3702: 3697: 3692: 3687: 3682: 3677: 3672: 3667: 3662: 3657: 3652: 3647: 3641: 3639: 3635: 3634: 3632: 3631: 3626: 3621: 3616: 3611: 3606: 3601: 3596: 3591: 3586: 3581: 3576: 3571: 3566: 3561: 3556: 3551: 3546: 3541: 3536: 3531: 3525: 3523: 3515: 3514: 3512: 3511: 3505: 3502: 3501: 3494: 3493: 3486: 3479: 3471: 3465: 3464: 3442: 3441:External links 3439: 3436: 3435: 3417: 3405:"WWF in Brief" 3396: 3375: 3339: 3320:(2): 191–210. 3301: 3242: 3217: 3192: 3171: 3150: 3127: 3102: 3050: 3023: 2966: 2954: 2932: 2893: 2852: 2837: 2778: 2763: 2724: 2658: 2651: 2615: 2588:(1): 117–126. 2572: 2557: 2526: 2504:(3): 259–263. 2484: 2456: 2431: 2419: 2360: 2331: 2307: 2274: 2263:NOAA Fisheries 2247: 2208: 2180: 2155: 2103: 2066:(1): 210–213. 2046: 2021: 1996: 1968: 1933:(3): 181–184. 1913: 1885: 1861: 1837: 1778: 1752: 1728: 1704: 1680: 1654: 1629: 1578: 1551: 1533: 1508: 1483: 1455: 1426: 1406: 1379: 1355: 1328: 1299: 1275: 1251: 1227: 1202: 1184: 1143: 1136: 1113: 1098: 1073: 1046: 1019: 989: 988: 986: 983: 982: 981: 976: 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5972: 5964: 5961: 5960: 5959: 5956: 5954: 5951: 5949: 5946: 5944: 5941: 5939: 5938:Dolphinariums 5936: 5934: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5922: 5919: 5918: 5917: 5914: 5912: 5909: 5908: 5906: 5902: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5862: 5860: 5856: 5850: 5847: 5845: 5842: 5840: 5837: 5835: 5832: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5789:Nature center 5787: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5741: 5739: 5737:Types of zoos 5735: 5731: 5727: 5723: 5716: 5711: 5709: 5704: 5702: 5697: 5696: 5693: 5681: 5673: 5672: 5669: 5659: 5658:Non-renewable 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5618: 5616: 5614: 5610: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5598:Urban ecology 5596: 5594: 5591: 5587: 5584: 5583: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5562: 5561: 5560: 5557: 5553: 5550: 5549: 5548: 5545: 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4259:De-extinction 4257: 4255: 4252: 4251: 4249: 4245: 4237: 4234: 4233: 4232: 4231:United States 4229: 4225: 4222: 4221: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4190: 4187: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4157: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4142: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4106: 4104: 4100: 4092: 4089: 4087: 4084: 4083: 4081: 4077: 4074: 4072: 4069: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4059: 4057: 4054: 4052: 4049: 4048: 4047: 4044: 4040: 4037: 4033: 4030: 4029: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4016: 4013: 4012: 4011: 4008: 4006: 4003: 3999: 3996: 3995: 3994: 3991: 3989: 3986: 3984: 3981: 3980: 3978: 3976: 3973: 3967: 3964: 3963: 3962: 3959: 3957: 3954: 3953: 3952: 3949: 3947: 3944: 3943: 3941: 3937: 3931: 3928: 3924: 3921: 3920: 3919: 3916: 3912: 3911:afforestation 3909: 3908: 3907: 3906:Reforestation 3904: 3902: 3899: 3897: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3888: 3886: 3884: 3880: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3866: 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2423: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2364: 2350:on 2022-01-29 2349: 2345: 2341: 2335: 2321: 2317: 2311: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2278: 2264: 2260: 2254: 2252: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2212: 2198: 2191: 2184: 2169: 2165: 2159: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2107: 2099: 2095: 2090: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2050: 2036: 2032: 2025: 2011: 2007: 2000: 1986: 1985:www.unodc.org 1982: 1975: 1973: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1917: 1902: 1898: 1892: 1890: 1875: 1871: 1865: 1851: 1847: 1841: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1782: 1767: 1763: 1756: 1742: 1738: 1732: 1718: 1714: 1708: 1701: 1697: 1692: 1687: 1683: 1681:9783764383398 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1658: 1643: 1639: 1633: 1625: 1621: 1616: 1611: 1606: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1582: 1566: 1562: 1555: 1547: 1543: 1537: 1523: 1519: 1512: 1498:on 2018-10-02 1497: 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697: 692: 689: 688:sight-resight 685: 681: 680:Trail cameras 675: 673: 669: 666:observation, 663: 656: 651: 637: 634: 630: 624: 614: 612: 611:genetic drift 608: 603: 596: 591: 582: 579: 570: 565: 555: 553: 548: 541: 536: 527: 525: 521: 517: 513: 507: 497: 495: 491: 487: 479: 474: 465: 461: 457: 453: 449: 440: 438: 434: 430: 426: 422: 418: 414: 410: 404: 391: 387: 384: 380: 376: 372: 368: 365: 362: 358: 354: 346: 345:sulfur oxides 342: 338: 335: 334: 333: 330: 316: 312: 310: 306: 302: 298: 295:, as well as 294: 290: 286: 282: 278: 277:shark culling 272: 262: 260: 256: 251: 247: 237: 232: 222: 220: 215: 211: 199: 194: 190: 188: 184: 175: 173: 169: 165: 160: 159:Deforestation 154:Deforestation 151: 149: 145: 141: 137: 133: 121: 116: 107: 105: 101: 97: 93: 89: 85: 80: 76: 72: 68: 64: 60: 56: 52: 48: 44: 40: 32: 19: 6020: 5963:WAZA members 5865:Biodiversity 5858:Conservation 5814:Penguinarium 5804:Night safari 5774:Dolphinarium 5656: / 5530:Exploitation 5415:Conservation 5358:Desalination 5293: 5186:conservation 5185: 5021:Biodiversity 4969:conservation 4816:Agricultural 4744:Fossil fuels 4562:Turkmenistan 4032:Bengal Tiger 3988:Arabian oryx 3979:Land mammal 3966:Golden eagle 3802:Gap analysis 3529:Biodiversity 3519:Conservation 3457: 3429: 3420: 3409:. 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