Wiese (river) - Knowledge

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the capacity of the river bed. The corrective measures carried out in the Baden part of the Wiese resulted in an increased discharge of the floodwater into the Swiss area and thus imposed a greater load on the local flood defences. The lack of willingness on the part of individual river owners to cover the costs of necessary maintenance work prevented the long-term correction of longer river sections. Only after the formation of the so-called state association in Baden and the takeover of the river route in the Riehener Bann by the canton of Basel could long-term defences on the Wiese be ensured. Once the Wiese was confined to the artificial bed along the entire stretch between Hausen and Kleinhüningen, it largely lost its awe. Major floods have since been contained within its banks. Not until recently has there been increasing consideration of reversing some of the rigid and unnatural grasslands.

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to be that flood defences would be less damaged during floods and the riverbed could absorb a larger water volume. The Schindler system proved unsatisfactory in the early years so that, between 1905 and 1910, the original wooden defences had to be replaced by stone blockwork. However, thanks to the Schindler's profile, a remarkable river meadow was formed between the state border and the Riehen swimming pool developed over the course of time on the right bank of the Wiese. It was only recently that this conservation-worthy meadow was severely damaged by the building work for the

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Grosse Wiese valleys and the desolate and worthless areas on the Feldberg and Belchen, which were clearly unable to retain the amount of water that they had been able to in the past. Viewed over the year, the Wiese discharges the most water around the Christmas season and from mid-March to mid-April, and the least amount of water in August. The average discharge rate in Kleinhüningen is 11.3 m/s. The Swiss

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basis of fishing. Today only the old fishermen's family of Bürgin in Kleinhüningen still has the old fishery licence, and in Haagen the golden fish in their coat of arms recalls the former privilege allowing the Rötteln royal fishing rights to be exercised. Since the water quality was restored, various regional fishing associations are looking after fish stocks and raising juvenile

1044:). In Kleinbasel, below the Riehenring bridge, the Wiese was in turn deflected by an existing Nagelfluh gravel bank, which resulted the striking 90° bend in the lower reaches of the Wiese. Up to the beginning of the 19th century, the Wiese flowed largely unregulated from its source in the Black Forest to its mouth on the Rhine, swinging between the 1376:), but above all an economic one. As the tributaries and commercial ditches left of the Rhine could no longer meet the growing demand for hydropower and water, the construction of artificial ditches in Kleinbasel helped to sustain trade in the Kleinbasel area. Around 1280, the water system was divided into 12 separate ditches. It was later called 1357:. With the increasing reclamation of the meadows during the Middle Ages and the growing importance of livestock farming in agriculture, the newly established meadows on the floodplain and their irrigation became an economic factor. To utilise the water of the river, from the Late Middle Ages it was diverted at weirs, known locally as 959:, the Schönenbach and Wiedenbach, on its left-hand side by the Prägbach and Angenbach. At Maulburg the Kleine Wiese empties into the Wiese. It is the largest and longest tributary and receives about one third of its waters from the Köhlgartenwiese. The last major tributary, the Steinenbach, discharges into it at Hauingen. 1245:

Corrective measures on the Wiese were hampered in past centuries by various natural circumstances and by human and/or administrative shortcomings. The seasonal floods that occurred and the large amount of debris were always detrimental to the riverbank defences and height of the riverbed and thus on

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carried out in 1898 using the Schindler system between the state border and the Weilstrassen bridge. In this system, the river profile follows a continuous, uninterrupted ground line, which neither receives a separate riverbed nor a separate bank formation. The advantages of this system are intended

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The present course of the Wiese on Swiss territory was already planned in the early 19th century by construction inspector Baader. Interesting is its absolutely straight course between the bridge over the Wiese at Weil and the Iron Bridge. It is parallel to the visual axis of Stetten Church and

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of Rötteln and Basle city council on 18 December 1562 about river defences on the Wiese. It concerned a section of the Wiese above the Kleinbasel Teichwuhr. The earliest graphical records of river defences date back to 1750. They show the structural measures taken for the restoration of a section of

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On 20 February 1999 the Wiese burst its banks near Maulburg after heavy rainfall. Along the Maulburg Wuhr, the river broke out of its riverbed and tore out the flood defences on its right bank to a depth of 30 to 50 metres. River defences were only renovated on the left bank. Today, the gravel banks

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were originally smaller branches of the Wiese. The water of the Riehener Mühleteich was taken off the Wiese at the "Wuhr" near Stetten. Its need for frequent repairs and conflicts with the villagers of Stetten ultimately led to the collapse of the ditch in 1814, especially as there was now a direct

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In Baden, the Wiese was divided into numerous branches and transported much debris with it. This led to repeated flooding of the river meadows. The first large-scale corrections were carried out between Hausen and Stetten between 1806 and 1823, because agriculture, traders and the newly established

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and heavy rainfall, flooding used to occur regularly in the past causing great damage to the population, property and the countryside. The increasingly severe floods of the second half of the 19th century were put down by contemporary writers to the ruthless deforestation of woods in the Kleine and

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The mean annual precipitation within the catchment varies between about 2,000 millimetres in the Feldberg area and 882 millimetres in Lörrach. The amount of precipitation decreases from west to east and from north to south. The greatest precipitation occurs mostly in the months November to January,

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about 10,000 years ago, the lower Wiese valley had been filled by gravel and boulders from the Feldberg Glacier and the valley floor was formed at about 20 to 30 metres above today's level. As a result of the melting of ice age glaciers, large quantities of meltwater were released and the Wiese cut

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paper industry. Through contracts with the margraves, the city of Basel secured annual imports of wood. The rafting season was March and April, when the Wiese had enough water during the snow melt. In the 18th century the strong demand from Basel led to a major timber boom in the Black Forest. For

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Apart from powering water mills and providing irrigation, the Wiese has been used since the 14th/15th century to transport timber from the Black Forest. It was once again the city of Basel which developed the timber resources of the Black Forest as a result of the economic boom in the printing and

1059:, an artificial watercourse that used water for agriculture, trade and handicrafts, and later for the industries of the Wiesental and Kleinbasel, impeded the course of the Wiese and diverted a not inconsiderable part of the Wiese into the various commercial water canals. In the Wiesental, the term 1440:

soil, and Stetten received its water from the Lörracher Gewerbeteich and thus from Baden. Further upstream, between Zell and Lörrach, small side branches of the Wiese were developed into mill ponds in the Middle Ages, from which small canals were derived for the irrigation of the meadows. Between

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In the first half of the twentieth century, full-time fishing was abandoned. High levels of water pollution, the canalisation of the Wiese and the construction of un-bypassable power stations on the Rhine destroyed the habitat and the migration routes of many aquatic animals and thus the economic

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began to populate the Wiesental in the fifth and sixth centuries, they chose their settlement places carefully. On the lower terraces of the last ice age, where they settled, the medieval villages were largely spared from floods caused by the Wiese which, at that time could still spread unimpeded

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On the night of 14/15 February 1877, the Wiese burst through the embankment by the Brombach Canal, destroyed the railway embankment, and bypassed Haagen Weir, the left section of which was torn away. Further downstream, the Haagen Bridge was swept away. The Wiese destroyed the entire shore on the

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through its continuous erosion and sedimentation work. The Wiese flows through two topographically and geologically distinguishable sections, which divide the Wiesental valley into its upper reaches in the valley of the Schwarzwaldwiese between Fahl and Zell, and the Lower Wiesental valley in its

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The Wiese crosses into the county of Lörrach just below its source. It flows through the Black Forest, initially in a southwest direction along the B 317 through the Wiesental valley. Leaving from the Feldberg, it flows, hemmed in by the steep mountainsides of the High Black Forest, past the

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The Christmas flood of 28 December 1882 must have been one of the worst floods in history. Water level calculations have shown that the Wiese in the Riehener Bann forest must have carried up to 450 m³/s of water at its peak. This flood caused serious damage in Riehen and was the trigger for the

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mill on the outskirts of the village in 1834. After the Second World War, interest in the use of the water from the Wiese decreased strongly, not least because the water meadows had to give way to new housing areas and many textile companies had run into economic difficulties. In 1984, the

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In addition to the fishermen, the water-dependent trades were dependent on the Wiese. However, due to the dynamics of the river and the fact that it was still unconfined to its course in the Middle Ages, it was relatively difficult to use the water power of the Wiese for

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by further downward erosion. In the area of the Wiese river delta, these ice age river deposits so strongly affected the course of the Rhine that its river bed was pushed about five kilometres to the southwest, where it flows today around the characteristically shaped

1222:, wattle and grass. Between 1847 and 1878 there were 13 severe floods, all of which led to damage and destruction of the riverbank defences. Only after the great Christmas flood of 1882 was a uniform defensive system built on the Swiss Wiese. 1467:. In the Middle Ages, the aqueduct supplied water power for mills and sawmills, as well as water for water meadows and cattle. Rights of use and obligations were regulated by the articles of association of the Wuhr Association ( 1323:

of 1736/37. Fishing rights were very strictly regulated. Fishermen had to take account of the closed season, minimum sizes, boundaries and water use rights of the mills and timber rafting industry. In the Middle Ages, the

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across its river meadows. However, with increasing cultivation of the fertile floodplains, the need grew for farmers and landowners to protect valuable land from flooding by the Wiese and to strengthen its banks.

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The aqueducts on the territories of Lörrach, Stetten and Riehen ran in the former streambeds of the side branches of the Wiese in which small streams on the edge of the tread of the lowest terrace (

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of the Wiese cover 455 square kilometres and has a fairly uniform width along its typical elongated shape. In its upper reaches the Wiese is fed by various streams, on its right-hand side by,

1218:) after the serious flood of 1852. For the river bed, a double trapezoid profile was envisaged, with a summer bed and the flood water embankments. The banks were still largely reinforced with 1311:

In the 15th century, the margraves of Rötteln granted all fishing rights from Hausen to Kleinhüningen (with the exception of Stetten). Particularly rich in fish was the mouth of the Wiese at

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On the municipal coat of arms of Haagen, the fish recalls the privilege of the court fishermen of Rötteln and Haagen when royal fishing rights allowed them to fish the waters owned by the

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The Wiese has probably been used for agricultural, fishing and commerce since the settlement of the Wiesental by the Alemanni and, from the 18th century, for industrial purposes.

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industrial enterprises in the Baden part of the Lower Wiesental suffered the consequences of the floods far more than the Swiss riverside landowners in Riehen and Basel. The

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In the first half of the 13th century, the bishops of Basle had a political interest in the planned settlements of [Kleinbasel (Kleinbasel still belonged at that time to

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400-year-old aqueduct was filled in. Today, the Mill Route and the line of the old channel west of the Steinen hydroelectric power station witness to the old aqueduct.

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measured the highest discharge rate during the period from 1933 to 2006 as 342.5 m/s in 1944. However, events of this magnitude can be expected only every 200 years.

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in the Wiesental, which then led to various bureaucratic bans on timber and coal exports. It was only in the late 18th century that rafting ceased in the Wiesental.

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Management was hampered by conflicts over rights of use and maintenance, frequent floods and the various responsibilities of the authorities. Thus, the Wehr of the

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The Christmas floods of 22 December 1991, were the worst floods in 25 years with a discharge rate of over 170 m³/s at the measuring station in Basel-Kleinhüningen.

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As a result of the river's low storage capacity in the catchment area in the upper reaches of the Wiese and the combination of sudden snow melts during the

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and carving its way through the gravel and sandbanks of the river meadows. The annual floods frequently resulted in a change in the course of the river.

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the fishing grounds were still accessible to everyone, but no later than the implementation of royal rights by the Frankish kings, was the fishery (

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connection to the Stetten industrial zone. After long periods of dryness the Riehener Teich was combined with Kleinbasler Teich around 1723.

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and flow conditions provided optimal conditions for fish and other aquatic life. Many chronicles refer to the variety and quantity of

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The following noteworthy tributaries empty into the Wiese and its main tributaries (entries indicate which side they enter from, the

598: 666:, the Wiese leaves German territory and flows, for its last 6 kilometres, on Swiss soil, initially through the municipality of 3159: 3139: 1056: 679: 1471:). There were further conflicts of use after the Basle-based manufacturer, Major Geigy-Lichtenhahn, established a mechanical 507:

lies in the county of Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald immediately west of the residential area of Hebelhof in the municipality of

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The Wiese has been very a rich fishing river since time immemorial. Its numerous side branches, gravelly river bed, shady

425:) which approaches from the north. The right-hand Rhine tributary of the Wiese and the left-hand Rhine tributaries of the 1162:, the financial loss amounted to hundreds of thousands of marks. What can happen if floodwaters bypass a drainage ditch ( 1445:. Haagen and Rötteln owe the establishment of spinning and weaving mills to the existence of the Mühlenteich aqueduct. 1113: 3134: 500: 1328:, which had to be opened for the passage of the salmon during the migration season, also presented a major problem. 1262: 663: 1778: 1023:

downwards up to 15 metres below today's level. After repeated gravel deposition and the formation of the present

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and sandy beaches around Maulburg, which are surrounded by grassland, have become a popular recreation area.

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or Wiese Valley; it is oriented roughly towards the south-west. Its largest tributary is the Little Wiese (

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The first indications of flood defence measures being considered can be found in an agreement between the

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Vortisch, CM (1973): Wässerstreit In the Gratt. In: The Markgräflerland. Volume 1/2, pp. 38 ff.

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has characterized the appearance of the Wiesental. The valley of the Schwarzwaldwiese was formed by the

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The unrestrained timber demand from Basel led to considerable economic imbalances and less sustainable

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the narrow Black Forest valley of the Wiese opens up into a wide plain in which the Wiese first passes

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After flowing through the town of Schopfheim, it passes by or through the villages of Gündenhausen,

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Map services of the Baden-Württemberg State Office for the Environment, Survey and Conservation (

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Since the formation of the Black Forest and its foothills during the geological upheavals of the

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has been recorded since the 14th century, and ran from the present Steinen Waterworks through

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of the river between Lörrach and Hausen was designed and carried out by Baden water engineer,

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The mouth of the Wiese at Kleinhüningen. In this picture, fishermen can be seen at work with

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The Wiese empties into the Rhine between the two Basel quarters of Kleinhüningen and Klybeck.

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subsequent implementation of the defensive work in the Lange Erlen. Even upstream, ditches (

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fishermen also knew this, so that there was frequent quarreling in the estuary, as in the

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The flood of 27 November 1944, resulted in a record discharge of 342.5 m³/s, destroying

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of wood (equivalent to about 14,700 cubic metres) was transported to Basel every year.

1294:) established, whereupon the general use of the river by the population was forbidden. 968: 2729: 1019: 518: 2587: 2350: 2266: 2177: 2063: 1287: 749: 648: 571: 550:. From there it heads to and through Badnau, past Geschwend, through the villages of 1027:

about 2,500 to 6,000 years ago, the Wiese created the present valley floor with its

724:. Immediately north-northeast of the confluence of the Wiese and the Rhine lies the 585: 3112: 2829: 2360: 2320: 2293: 2192: 2043: 1673:

Golder, E. (1991): Die Wiese. Ein Fluss und seine Geschichte, pp. 138 ff.

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Zimmermann, A. (1996): In: Das Markgräflerland. Volume 1/1996, pp. 9 ff.

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Golder, E. (1991):Die Wiese. Ein Fluss und seine Geschichte, pp. 121 ff.

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was located on Basel soil, the Riehener Wehr on Stetten's territory and thus on

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Haagen side, until it finally surged against the northern gable wall of the inn

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and opposite the confluence to the west on the far side of the Rhine is the

2980: 2975: 2960: 2935: 2920: 2774: 2769: 2714: 2709: 2684: 2439: 2424: 2412: 2395: 2390: 2160: 2113: 2048: 2036: 1971: 1954: 1919: 1873: 1844: 1827: 1763: 1068: 1028: 971:, the Wiese has shaped the landscapes in the Southern Black Forest and the 522:), the highest mountain in the range, to the northwest and the Grafenmatt ( 496: 114: 2834: 617: 2885: 2858: 2669: 2461: 2417: 2325: 2308: 2150: 2073: 1991: 1959: 1849: 1817: 1556: 1333: 988: 887:(left-hand branch) Gewerbekanal (232-74; 3.873 km, 14.446 km²) 698: 405: 362: 213: 185: 75: 71: 1631: 1229:

Correction at the Schlipf above the bridge over the Wiese at Weil (1898)

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and collapsed it. For the municipality of Haagen, the Wuhr Association (

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Average monthly water drainage of the Wiese near Kleinhüningen 1993-2007

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Schülin, F. (1965): Chronik von Rötteln-Haagen, pp. 304 ff.

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Landesanstalt für Umwelt, Messungen und Naturschutz Baden-Württemberg

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The glacially formed upper valley of the Wiese from Seebuck to the SW

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and fishing nets. In the background is the Klybeck Castle and Basle

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the Wiese between Weil and Kleinhingen, where the banks had burst.

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Schönenbach, Wiedenbach, Kleine Wiese, Steinenbach, for others see

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Picture gallery of the Wiese valley "from the source to the mouth"

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Schülin, F. (1965): Chronik von Rötteln-Haagen , pp.123 ff.

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for water, or water, and has nothing to do with the German word

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and through numerous settlements including the county town of

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Haagen and Tumringen was the canal of Haagener Mühleteich or

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Schülin, F. (1965): Chronik von Rötteln/Haagen, p. 290.

1501:, a 6-foot-wide canal was built, down which more than 7,000 19:

This article is about the German river. For other uses, see

3077: 3067: 2970: 2905: 2895: 2863: 2814: 2809: 2754: 2699: 2694: 2674: 2548: 2407: 2080: 2031: 1934: 1758: 1361:, and guided through artificial channels, known locally as 1303: 1214:), but in the 1850s it was replaced by a threshold system ( 1063:

is used as a synonym for artificial canals, along with the

860:(r) Riederbächle (232-6-16; 4.621 km; 6.962 km²) 844:(r) Kleine Wiese (232-6; 22.298 km, 91.383 km²) 3062: 2880: 2664: 2068: 1747:

Population density of the water blackbird along the Wiese

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Hochwasservorhersagezentrale des Landes Baden-Württemberg

918:(r) Heilisaubach (232-8-4; 5.928 km, 8.822 km²) 912:(l) Schwammerich (232-8-2; 7.91 km, 11.765 km²) 748:, which gives its name to the collective municipality of 881:(l) Schlierbach (232-72; 9.728 km, 13.728 km²) 794:(r) Schönenbach (232-12; 8.487 km, 20.134 km²) 1339: 854:(r) Klemmbach (232-6-12; 4.953 km, 7.088 km²) 815:(r) Böllenbach (232-34; 7.089 km; 13.204 km²) 806:(r) Wiedenbach (232-32; 7.729 km, 19.869 km²) 429:, which discharges into the Rhine at the Basel port of 987:, the alternation of warm and cold periods during the 682:

and, shortly thereafter, at the junction of the Swiss

800:(l) Prägbach (232-2; 14.654 km, 30.795 km²) 716:. A little further south the Upper Rhine becomes the 380:, it flows for a short distance though the county of 16:

A tributary of the Rhine in the southern Black Forest

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Kaufmann, G. (1984): Ein Fluss wird gebändigt, in:

1249: 662:Behind the bridge over the Wiese in Stetten on the 1014:Mouth delta of the Wiese with gravel islands, 1749 1753:Landschaftsentwicklungsplan Landschaftspark Wiese 1210:. The original embankment was a platform system ( 659:, after which the B 317 turns away from it. 3126: 1007:-like valleys with rapids and small waterfalls. 890:(left-hand branch from Schlierbach to the Wiese) 538:runs past the source a few metres to the north. 1575:, see also Vennemann (1994), Steinbauer (1996). 863:+ 4.303 km², total to here 39.836 km² 791:upper reaches as far as Todtnau 22.534 km² 1389:The Kleinbasler Teiche on an 1899 location map 2498: 1779: 1793: 1595: 1593: 1573:Theorie über die älteste Gewässernamengebung 1552: 1550: 1548: 1546: 1544: 1542: 947:Catchment area and river system of the Wiese 542:hamlets of Fahl and Brandenberg, still as a 469: 1401:also supplied local industries west of the 812:+ 23.507 km², including the Aiternbach 752:, and which is fed by two headstreams, the 2505: 2491: 1786: 1772: 1088:and, in the Black Forest, mostly as snow. 873:; + 21.578 km², total 91.383 km² 744:The biggest tributary of the Wiese is the 1724:Die Wiese. Ein Fluss und seine Geschichte 1590: 1539: 1158:), the meadow owners and the publican of 906:(232-8; 13.683 km; 46.277 km²) 825:(232-394; 6.215 km, 10.338 km²) 690:, under the A2, which becomes the German 1487: 1384: 1296: 1261: 1224: 1098: 1090: 1009: 942: 584: 576: 486: 415:of 455 square kilometres, is called the 411:The valley of the Wiese, which drains a 349:is a river, 57.8 kilometres long, and a 1018:After the end of the last ice age, the 921:+ 0.767 km², total 46.277 km² 835:(232-4; 8.622 km, 22.018 km²) 809:(r) Aiternbach (232-332; 7.324 km) 3127: 1583: 1581: 1369:, using the routes of old river arms. 756:(source on the southern slopes of the 482: 286:454.7 km (175.6 sq mi) 2486: 1767: 1492:Woodyard at the Kleinbasler Riehentor 1119: 1340:Mill ponds, aqueducts and irrigation 323:Prägbach, Angenbach, for others see 1578: 1170: 701:between the Kleinbasel quarters of 13: 1416:is recorded as early as 1262. The 1114:Federal Office for the Environment 680:Karlsruhe–Basel high-speed railway 534:from Feldberg Ort via Hebelhof to 526:) to the south-southwest at about 14: 3171: 1730: 1483: 976:lower reaches between Hausen and 884:+ 4.73 km² (right-hand side) 501:Southern Black Forest Nature Park 3107: 3106: 3094: 2514: 2089: 1759:The Wiesionen project in Lörrach 1250:Water usage and economic factors 962: 337: 324: 34: 1716: 1703: 1694: 1685: 1676: 1667: 694:a little further to the north. 3160:International rivers of Europe 1658: 1649: 1636: 1625: 1616: 1587:Topographic map 1:25,000 scale 1565: 739: 678:, the river crosses under the 278:57.82 km (35.93 mi) 221: • coordinates 127: • coordinates 1: 1532: 1527:List of rivers of Switzerland 909:Upper reaches 19.095 km² 697:The Wiese finally enters the 670:. The German municipality of 664:Weil am Rhein-Lörrach railway 546:, and through the village of 517:1,493 m above 456:is probably derived from the 396:, mainly through the city of 172:1,218 m above 91:Physical characteristics 1082: 938: 709:to the north at a height of 647:, before crossing under the 477: 400:and through its district of 260: • elevation 166: • elevation 7: 3140:Rivers of Baden-Württemberg 1515: 1233:One special feature is the 711:244 m above 266:244 m above 196: • location 109: • location 10: 3176: 2188:Liechtenstein inland canal 1257: 1103:Longitudinal river profile 86:DE: 232, CH: 541 18: 3088: 3048: 2745: 2615: 2539: 2098: 2087: 1802: 1609:Bundesamt für Umwelt BAFU 1522:List of rivers of Germany 926:+ 53.581 km², total 894:(232-74-2; 5.544 km) 838:+ 35.813 km², total 787:, length and catchment:: 404:before emptying into the 330: 317: 309: 295: 290: 282: 274: 258: 219: 194: 184: 180: 164: 125: 107: 99: 95: 90: 82: 50: 45: 33: 28: 3135:Tributaries of the Rhine 1395:Kleinhüninger Mühleteich 474:, which means "meadow". 437:, which flows under the 382:Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald 332: • right 56:Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald 1742:Facts about the "Wiese" 1365:, to the farms and the 495:The Wiese rises in the 444: 384:and then mainly across 376:on the mountain of the 319: • left 1857:Rheintaler Binnenkanal 1646:1985, pp. 117 ff. 1493: 1390: 1308: 1275: 1230: 1200:Johann Gottfried Tulla 1104: 1096: 1015: 948: 590: 582: 556:Schönau im Schwarzwald 492: 491:The Wiese near Steinen 470: 40:The Wiese near Lörrach 3150:Rivers of Basel-Stadt 3145:Rivers of Switzerland 1491: 1388: 1300: 1265: 1228: 1102: 1094: 1013: 946: 847:upper reaches of the 655:, Lörrach itself and 588: 580: 530:. The section of the 490: 394:canton of Basel-Stadt 374:Southern Black Forest 149:47.856611°N 8.02528°E 2260:Lower Lake Constance 2203:Upper Lake Constance 1901:Lower Lake Constance 1862:Upper Lake Constance 1709:See Tscherter p. 81. 1613:however 458 km. 1001:crystalline basement 243:47.58278°N 7.58694°E 1794:Tributaries of the 483:Course of the river 368:From its source in 291:Basin features 239: / 145: / 3101:Germany portal 1494: 1469:Wuhrgenossenschaft 1450:Steinen Mühleteich 1391: 1309: 1276: 1231: 1155:Wuhrgenossenschaft 1120:Exceptional floods 1105: 1097: 1016: 969:Upper Rhine Graben 949: 768:), which merge in 591: 583: 503:. Its source, the 493: 154:47.856611; 8.02528 121:and the Grafenmatt 3155:Rivers of Germany 3122: 3121: 2521:Rivers of Germany 2480: 2479: 2462:Oude IJssel/Issel 2267:Radolfzeller Aach 1879:Aach (Romanshorn) 1644:Jahrbuch z’Rieche 1438:Anterior Austrian 1412:). In Riehen the 1288:Early Middle Ages 1240:Zollfreienstrasse 1216:Schwellungssystem 857:+ 16.469 km² 828:+ 11.943 km² 750:Kleines Wiesental 705:to the south and 601:and then reaches 593:Between Zell and 572:Zell im Wiesental 370:Baden-Württemberg 353:tributary of the 343: 342: 248:47.58278; 7.58694 64:Baden-Württemberg 3167: 3110: 3109: 3099: 3098: 3097: 2534: 2533: 2519: 2518: 2507: 2500: 2493: 2484: 2483: 2093: 1788: 1781: 1774: 1765: 1764: 1710: 1707: 1701: 1698: 1692: 1689: 1683: 1680: 1674: 1671: 1665: 1662: 1656: 1653: 1647: 1640: 1634: 1629: 1623: 1620: 1614: 1612: 1606: 1597: 1588: 1585: 1576: 1569: 1563: 1554: 1466: 1315:. The Basel and 1171:Wiese correction 1136:the Haagen Weir. 993:Feldberg Glacier 928:453.313 km² 915:+ 5.828 km² 899:+ 7.461 km² 878:+ 0.007 km² 869:from now on the 818:+ 3.384 km² 803:+ 2.839 km² 797:+ 5.332 km² 732:municipality of 726:Basel Rhine port 722:Basel Rhine Knee 715: 642: 529: 525: 521: 473: 439:Dreirosen Bridge 333: 320: 270: 254: 253: 251: 250: 249: 244: 240: 237: 236: 235: 232: 176: 167: 160: 159: 157: 156: 155: 150: 146: 143: 142: 141: 138: 128: 110: 38: 26: 25: 3175: 3174: 3170: 3169: 3168: 3166: 3165: 3164: 3125: 3124: 3123: 3118: 3095: 3093: 3084: 3044: 2741: 2645:Friedberger Ach 2611: 2554:Lusatian Neisse 2535: 2524: 2523: 2513: 2511: 2481: 2476: 2255:Stockacher Aach 2151:Ragn da Ferrera 2129:Rein da Sumvitg 2119:Rein da Curnera 2100: 2094: 2085: 1804: 1798: 1792: 1733: 1722:Eduard Golder: 1719: 1714: 1713: 1708: 1704: 1699: 1695: 1690: 1686: 1681: 1677: 1672: 1668: 1663: 1659: 1654: 1650: 1641: 1637: 1630: 1626: 1621: 1617: 1604: 1600: 1598: 1591: 1586: 1579: 1570: 1566: 1555: 1540: 1535: 1518: 1486: 1460: 1456:to just before 1393:Until 1900 the 1342: 1260: 1252: 1173: 1122: 1085: 1020:Würm Glaciation 965: 941: 849:Köhlgartenwiese 762:Köhlgartenwiese 742: 710: 636: 544:mountain stream 527: 523: 519:sea level (NHN) 516: 485: 480: 447: 331: 318: 265: 261: 247: 245: 241: 238: 233: 230: 228: 226: 225: 222: 197: 171: 165: 153: 151: 147: 144: 139: 136: 134: 132: 131: 126: 108: 41: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3173: 3163: 3162: 3157: 3152: 3147: 3142: 3137: 3120: 3119: 3117: 3116: 3104: 3089: 3086: 3085: 3083: 3082: 3081: 3080: 3075: 3070: 3060: 3054: 3052: 3046: 3045: 3043: 3042: 3041: 3040: 3035: 3030: 3025: 3020: 3015: 3010: 3000: 2999: 2998: 2993: 2988: 2983: 2978: 2973: 2968: 2963: 2958: 2953: 2948: 2943: 2938: 2933: 2928: 2923: 2918: 2913: 2908: 2903: 2898: 2893: 2888: 2883: 2878: 2868: 2867: 2866: 2856: 2855: 2854: 2844: 2843: 2842: 2837: 2832: 2827: 2822: 2817: 2812: 2807: 2802: 2797: 2792: 2787: 2782: 2777: 2772: 2767: 2762: 2751: 2749: 2743: 2742: 2740: 2739: 2738: 2737: 2732: 2727: 2722: 2720:Schwarze Laber 2717: 2712: 2707: 2702: 2697: 2692: 2687: 2682: 2677: 2672: 2667: 2662: 2657: 2652: 2647: 2642: 2637: 2632: 2621: 2619: 2613: 2612: 2610: 2609: 2608: 2607: 2597: 2592: 2591: 2590: 2580: 2575: 2570: 2569: 2568: 2558: 2557: 2556: 2545: 2543: 2537: 2536: 2527:drainage basin 2510: 2509: 2502: 2495: 2487: 2478: 2477: 2475: 2474: 2469: 2464: 2459: 2457: 2452: 2447: 2442: 2437: 2432: 2427: 2422: 2420: 2415: 2410: 2405: 2400: 2398: 2393: 2388: 2383: 2378: 2373: 2368: 2363: 2358: 2353: 2348: 2343: 2338: 2333: 2328: 2323: 2318: 2313: 2311: 2306: 2301: 2296: 2291: 2286: 2281: 2276: 2274: 2269: 2264: 2262: 2257: 2252: 2250:Seefelder Aach 2247: 2242: 2237: 2232: 2227: 2222: 2217: 2212: 2210:Dornbirner Ach 2207: 2205: 2200: 2195: 2190: 2185: 2180: 2175: 2170: 2165: 2163: 2158: 2153: 2148: 2146: 2141: 2136: 2131: 2126: 2121: 2116: 2111: 2109: 2103: 2101: 2096: 2095: 2088: 2086: 2084: 2083: 2078: 2076: 2071: 2066: 2061: 2056: 2051: 2046: 2041: 2039: 2034: 2029: 2024: 2019: 2014: 2009: 2004: 1999: 1994: 1989: 1984: 1979: 1974: 1969: 1964: 1962: 1957: 1952: 1947: 1942: 1937: 1932: 1927: 1922: 1917: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1903: 1898: 1893: 1888: 1886: 1881: 1876: 1871: 1866: 1864: 1859: 1854: 1852: 1847: 1842: 1837: 1832: 1830: 1825: 1820: 1818:Aua da Russein 1815: 1813: 1807: 1805: 1800: 1799: 1791: 1790: 1783: 1776: 1768: 1762: 1761: 1756: 1755:(pdf; 1,45 MB) 1750: 1744: 1739: 1732: 1731:External links 1729: 1728: 1727: 1718: 1715: 1712: 1711: 1702: 1693: 1684: 1675: 1666: 1657: 1648: 1635: 1624: 1615: 1589: 1577: 1564: 1537: 1536: 1534: 1531: 1530: 1529: 1524: 1517: 1514: 1499:timber rafting 1485: 1484:Timber rafting 1482: 1341: 1338: 1280:riparian woods 1259: 1256: 1251: 1248: 1172: 1169: 1168: 1167: 1145: 1137: 1130: 1127: 1121: 1118: 1084: 1081: 1025:river terraces 964: 961: 940: 937: 936: 935: 924: 923: 922: 919: 916: 913: 910: 900: 897: 896: 895: 885: 882: 879: 876: 875: 874: 867: 864: 861: 858: 855: 852: 851:5.014 km² 842: 840:221.7 km² 836: 829: 826: 819: 816: 813: 810: 807: 804: 801: 798: 795: 792: 741: 738: 713:sea level (NN) 524:1,377.6 m 484: 481: 479: 476: 450:Etymologically 446: 443: 361:and northwest 341: 340: 334: 328: 327: 321: 315: 314: 311: 307: 306: 297: 293: 292: 288: 287: 284: 280: 279: 276: 272: 271: 268:sea level (NN) 262: 259: 256: 255: 223: 220: 217: 216: 198: 195: 192: 191: 188: 182: 181: 178: 177: 174:sea level (NN) 168: 162: 161: 129: 123: 122: 111: 105: 104: 101: 97: 96: 93: 92: 88: 87: 84: 80: 79: 52: 48: 47: 43: 42: 39: 31: 30: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3172: 3161: 3158: 3156: 3153: 3151: 3148: 3146: 3143: 3141: 3138: 3136: 3133: 3132: 3130: 3115: 3114: 3105: 3103: 3102: 3091: 3090: 3087: 3079: 3076: 3074: 3071: 3069: 3066: 3065: 3064: 3061: 3059: 3056: 3055: 3053: 3051: 3047: 3039: 3036: 3034: 3031: 3029: 3026: 3024: 3021: 3019: 3016: 3014: 3011: 3009: 3006: 3005: 3004: 3001: 2997: 2994: 2992: 2989: 2987: 2984: 2982: 2979: 2977: 2974: 2972: 2969: 2967: 2964: 2962: 2959: 2957: 2954: 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2110: 2108: 2105: 2104: 2102: 2097: 2092: 2082: 2079: 2077: 2075: 2072: 2070: 2067: 2065: 2062: 2060: 2057: 2055: 2052: 2050: 2047: 2045: 2042: 2040: 2038: 2035: 2033: 2030: 2028: 2025: 2023: 2020: 2018: 2015: 2013: 2010: 2008: 2005: 2003: 2000: 1998: 1995: 1993: 1990: 1988: 1985: 1983: 1980: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1970: 1968: 1965: 1963: 1961: 1958: 1956: 1953: 1951: 1948: 1946: 1943: 1941: 1938: 1936: 1933: 1931: 1928: 1926: 1923: 1921: 1918: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1906: 1904: 1902: 1899: 1897: 1894: 1892: 1889: 1887: 1885: 1882: 1880: 1877: 1875: 1872: 1870: 1867: 1865: 1863: 1860: 1858: 1855: 1853: 1851: 1848: 1846: 1843: 1841: 1838: 1836: 1833: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1824: 1821: 1819: 1816: 1814: 1812: 1809: 1808: 1806: 1801: 1797: 1789: 1784: 1782: 1777: 1775: 1770: 1769: 1766: 1760: 1757: 1754: 1751: 1748: 1745: 1743: 1740: 1738: 1735: 1734: 1725: 1721: 1720: 1706: 1697: 1688: 1679: 1670: 1661: 1652: 1645: 1639: 1633: 1628: 1619: 1610: 1603: 1599:According to 1596: 1594: 1584: 1582: 1574: 1571:Krahe, Hans: 1568: 1562: 1560: 1553: 1551: 1549: 1547: 1545: 1543: 1538: 1528: 1525: 1523: 1520: 1519: 1513: 1511: 1506: 1504: 1500: 1490: 1481: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1464: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1446: 1444: 1443:Röttler Teich 1439: 1435: 1431: 1426: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1406: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1387: 1383: 1381: 1380: 1375: 1370: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1337: 1335: 1329: 1327: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1313:Kleinhüningen 1306: 1305: 1299: 1295: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1273: 1269: 1264: 1255: 1247: 1243: 1241: 1236: 1227: 1223: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1208:Basel Minster 1203: 1201: 1197: 1191: 1188: 1187: 1181: 1178: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1156: 1151: 1146: 1143: 1138: 1135: 1131: 1128: 1124: 1123: 1117: 1115: 1110: 1101: 1093: 1089: 1080: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1053: 1051: 1050:river terrace 1048:of the lower 1047: 1043: 1039: 1034: 1030: 1029:river meadows 1026: 1021: 1012: 1008: 1006: 1002: 998: 997:trough valley 994: 990: 986: 985:earth history 981: 979: 978:Kleinhüningen 974: 970: 963:Geomorphology 960: 958: 954: 945: 933: 932:57.76 km 929: 925: 920: 917: 914: 911: 908: 907: 905: 901: 898: 893: 889: 888: 886: 883: 880: 877: 872: 868: 865: 862: 859: 856: 853: 850: 846: 845: 843: 841: 837: 834: 830: 827: 824: 820: 817: 814: 811: 808: 805: 802: 799: 796: 793: 790: 789: 788: 786: 781: 779: 775: 771: 767: 763: 759: 755: 751: 747: 737: 735: 731: 727: 723: 719: 714: 708: 707:Kleinhüningen 704: 700: 695: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 673: 672:Weil am Rhein 669: 665: 660: 658: 654: 650: 649:A 98 motorway 646: 640: 635: 631: 627: 623: 619: 615: 610: 608: 604: 600: 596: 587: 579: 575: 573: 569: 565: 561: 557: 553: 549: 545: 539: 537: 533: 520: 514: 510: 506: 502: 498: 489: 475: 472: 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 442: 440: 436: 432: 428: 424: 420: 419: 414: 409: 407: 403: 399: 395: 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 371: 366: 364: 360: 357:in southwest 356: 352: 348: 339: 335: 329: 326: 322: 316: 312: 308: 305: 301: 298: 294: 289: 285: 281: 277: 273: 269: 263: 257: 252: 224: 218: 215: 211: 210:Kleinhüningen 207: 203: 199: 193: 189: 187: 183: 179: 175: 169: 163: 158: 130: 124: 120: 116: 112: 106: 102: 98: 94: 89: 85: 83:Reference no. 81: 77: 73: 69: 65: 61: 57: 53: 49: 44: 37: 32: 27: 22: 3111: 3092: 2985: 2775:Black Elster 2396:Middle Rhine 2315: 2161:Alpine Rhine 2156:Albula/Alvra 2114:Rein da Tuma 2037:Middle Rhine 1874:Aach (Arbon) 1828:Alpine Rhine 1749:(pdf; 63 kB) 1723: 1717:Bibliography 1705: 1696: 1687: 1678: 1669: 1660: 1651: 1638: 1627: 1618: 1608: 1572: 1567: 1558: 1507: 1495: 1468: 1449: 1447: 1427: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1407: 1405:with water. 1399:Klybeckteich 1398: 1394: 1392: 1377: 1371: 1362: 1358: 1343: 1330: 1325: 1310: 1302: 1291: 1277: 1253: 1244: 1232: 1215: 1212:Bühnensystem 1211: 1204: 1196:canalisation 1192: 1184: 1182: 1174: 1163: 1159: 1153: 1149: 1141: 1133: 1106: 1086: 1076: 1072: 1069:Basel German 1060: 1054: 1041: 1017: 982: 966: 956: 950: 931: 927: 891: 871:Kleine Wiese 870: 848: 839: 782: 773: 765: 761: 754:Belchenwiese 753: 746:Kleine Wiese 745: 743: 696: 661: 628:quarters of 611: 592: 540: 528:1,218 m 511:between the 505:Wiesenquelle 504: 497:Black Forest 494: 465: 461: 458:Old European 453: 448: 434: 423:Kleine Wiese 422: 416: 410: 367: 346: 344: 204:quarters of 200:between the 117:between the 115:Black Forest 54:Counties of 2650:Große Laber 2418:Lower Rhine 2309:Upper Rhine 2168:Hinterrhein 2144:Hinterrhein 2107:Vorderrhein 2074:Lower Rhine 1992:Spiegelbach 1960:Upper Rhine 1850:Alter Rhein 1835:Vorderrhein 1811:Vorderrhein 1461: [ 1448:The former 1410:Hochgestade 1403:Lange Erlen 1379:Riehenteich 1347:water mills 1334:river trout 1326:Wiesenwuhre 1307:of Rötteln. 989:Pleistocene 904:Steinenbach 774:Große Wiese 740:Tributaries 699:Upper Rhine 692:A5 motorway 637: [ 566:, Mambach, 452:, the name 431:Schifflände 406:Upper Rhine 363:Switzerland 338:Tributaries 325:Tributaries 310:Tributaries 296:Progression 246: / 214:Upper Rhine 152: / 76:Switzerland 72:Basel-Stadt 3129:Categories 2578:Schwentine 2561:Peenestrom 2541:Baltic Sea 2366:Kraichbach 2272:High Rhine 2240:Brunnisach 2002:Speyerbach 1945:Möhlinbach 1913:High Rhine 1533:References 1422:Neue Teich 1414:Alte Teich 1321:Salmon War 1272:fish traps 1235:correction 1134:inter alia 1057:Wiesewuhre 1038:Rhine Knee 1031:and broad 983:In recent 973:Dinkelberg 957:inter alia 778:Schopfheim 766:Köhlgarten 760:) and the 718:High Rhine 676:Kleinbasel 624:, and the 607:Dinkelberg 603:Schopfheim 460:root word 433:, and the 402:Kleinbasel 351:right-hand 283:Basin size 264:etwa 231:47°34′58″N 137:47°51′24″N 2835:Weißeritz 2830:Stepenitz 2747:North Sea 2617:Black Sea 2588:Stepenitz 2531:main stem 2472:Schipbeek 2381:Weschnitz 2178:Landquart 2064:Brohlbach 1908:Anderbach 1891:Grenzbach 1351:saw mills 1292:Fischweid 1286:. In the 1175:When the 1160:Zur Wiese 1150:Zur Wiese 1083:Hydrology 1065:Alemannic 1055:Only the 1042:Rheinknie 999:into the 953:catchment 939:Catchment 892:Floßkanal 833:Angenbach 653:Tumringen 618:Höllstein 568:Atzenbach 552:Utzenfeld 478:Geography 435:Mühlebach 418:Wiesental 413:catchment 304:North Sea 234:7°35′13″E 212:into the 170:ca. 140:8°01′31″E 3113:Category 3073:Merzbach 2840:Wesenitz 2800:Löcknitz 2680:Lauchert 2573:Recknitz 2371:Leimbach 2361:Saalbach 2230:Schussen 2220:Leiblach 2044:Welzbach 1896:Dorfbach 1884:Seerhein 1516:See also 1510:forestry 1503:klafters 1473:spinning 1458:Brombach 1397:and the 1374:Breisgau 1355:smithies 1317:Huningue 1268:dip nets 1220:fascines 1186:Landvogt 1177:Alemanni 1033:meanders 823:Künabach 776:west of 770:Tegernau 734:Huningue 634:Brombach 630:Hauingen 614:Maulburg 513:Feldberg 509:Feldberg 378:Feldberg 119:Feldberg 51:Location 46:Location 2926:Moselle 2891:Emscher 2795:Jeetzel 2790:Ilmenau 2730:Wörnitz 2635:Altmühl 2445:Emscher 2245:Lipbach 2183:Mülbach 2173:Plessur 2139:Rabiusa 2054:Moselle 2022:Eisbach 2017:Eckbach 2012:Isenach 2007:Rehbach 1869:Goldach 1823:Schmuèr 1477:weaving 1454:Steinen 1367:meadows 1258:Fishing 758:Belchen 720:at the 703:Klybeck 657:Stetten 651:, then 626:Lörrach 622:Steinen 599:Fahrnau 560:Wembach 548:Todtnau 536:Todtnau 499:in the 390:Lörrach 386:Lörrach 372:in the 359:Germany 206:Klybeck 113:in the 68:Germany 60:Lörrach 3013:Diemel 2996:Wutach 2991:Wupper 2951:Queich 2941:Neckar 2911:Lauter 2901:Kinzig 2852:Treene 2765:Alster 2690:Mindel 2625:Danube 2600:Warnow 2595:Uecker 2467:Berkel 2455:IJssel 2435:Düssel 2430:Wupper 2403:Wisper 2376:Neckar 2331:Kinzig 2321:Kander 2289:Wutach 2284:Durach 2235:Rotach 2027:Pfrimm 1997:Queich 1987:Lauter 1967:Birsig 1950:Ergolz 1940:Sissle 1840:Tamina 1363:Teiche 1304:Vogtei 1284:salmon 1242:road. 1071:terms 934:length 730:French 668:Riehen 645:Haagen 595:Hausen 564:Fröhnd 427:Birsig 313: 275:Length 190: 103: 100:Source 3058:Niers 3038:Werre 3033:Werra 3028:Lesum 3023:Hunte 3018:Fulda 3008:Aller 3003:Weser 2986:Wiese 2966:Sauer 2956:Rench 2946:Pfinz 2916:Lippe 2876:Acher 2871:Rhine 2847:Eider 2820:Saale 2805:Mulde 2785:Havel 2770:Bille 2760:Aland 2735:Zusam 2705:Regen 2660:Iller 2640:Brenz 2630:Abens 2605:Nebel 2583:Trave 2566:Peene 2450:Lippe 2386:Modau 2356:Pfinz 2341:Acher 2336:Rench 2316:Wiese 2304:Wehra 2279:Biber 2225:Argen 2198:Frutz 2134:Glogn 2099:Right 2059:Nette 1982:Sauer 1977:Moder 1930:Glatt 1796:Rhine 1605:(PDF) 1465:] 1430:Baden 1359:Wuhre 1142:Wuhre 1073:Diich 1061:Teich 1046:scarp 1005:gorge 641:] 532:B 317 471:Wiese 454:Wiese 398:Basel 355:Rhine 347:Wiese 300:Rhine 202:Basel 186:Mouth 29:Wiese 21:Wiese 3078:Wurm 3068:Inde 3050:Maas 2981:Wied 2976:Sieg 2971:Selz 2961:Ruhr 2936:Nahe 2931:Murg 2921:Main 2906:Lahn 2896:Erft 2864:Hase 2825:Stör 2815:Oste 2810:Ohre 2780:Eger 2755:Elbe 2725:Vils 2700:Paar 2695:Naab 2685:Lech 2675:Isar 2655:Günz 2549:Oder 2440:Ruhr 2425:Sieg 2413:Wied 2408:Lahn 2391:Main 2346:Murg 2299:Murg 2081:Erft 2049:Nahe 2032:Selz 1955:Birs 1935:Aare 1925:Töss 1920:Thur 1845:Saar 1803:Left 1475:and 1434:Weil 1420:and 1418:Alte 1164:Wuhr 1109:föhn 1077:Tych 1075:and 951:The 902:(r) 831:(l) 821:(l) 785:DGKZ 686:and 643:and 620:and 570:and 462:virs 445:Name 345:The 208:and 58:and 3063:Rur 2886:Elz 2881:Ahr 2859:Ems 2715:Rot 2710:Riß 2670:Inn 2665:Ilz 2529:or 2525:by 2351:Alb 2326:Elz 2294:Alb 2193:Ill 2069:Ahr 1972:Ill 1432:'s 1353:or 930:at 466:is- 464:or 70:); 3131:: 1607:. 1592:^ 1580:^ 1541:^ 1463:de 1382:. 1349:, 1270:, 1202:. 1079:. 980:. 780:. 736:. 688:A3 684:A2 639:de 632:, 616:, 609:. 574:. 562:, 558:, 554:, 408:. 365:. 302:→ 62:; 2506:e 2499:t 2492:v 1787:e 1780:t 1773:v 1611:. 1561:) 1067:/ 1040:( 515:( 78:) 74:( 66:( 23:.

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