Black Forest - Knowledge

2329: 368: 2601: 4996: 2660: 1284: 2648: 1864: 853:) since the early 1950s names the Black Forest as one of six tertiary-level major landscape regions within the secondary-level region of the South German Scarplands and, at the same time, one of nine new major landscape unit groups. It is divided into six so-called major units (level 4 landscapes). This division was refined and modified in several successor publications (1:200,000 individual map sheets) up to 1967, each covering individual sections of the map. The mountain range was also divided into three regions. The northern boundary of the Central Black Forest in this classification runs south of the Rench Valley and the 2345: 4973: 4860: 2408: 2378: 2672: 5081: 2363: 742: 151: 2283: 1189: 2393: 4696: 395: 288: 384: 5111: 4891: 4922: 2965: 4488: 2263: 566: 5026: 3686: 2577: 2758: 4625: 4875: 2589: 5052: 1380: 5011: 2993: 4906: 8314: 45: 4708: 3516: 5066: 2936: 1767: 5125: 4942: 2864: 7319: 1449: 4146: 3954: 4958: 5038: 4084: 2976:) assesses that there are around 140,000 direct full-time jobs in the tourist sector and around 34.8 million tourist overnight stays in 2009. In spring, summer and autumn an extensive network of hiking trails and mountain bike routes enable different groups of people to use the natural region. In winter, it is the various types of winter sport that come to the fore. There are facilities for both 1464: 2481:. In the second half of the 18th century, the huts had to close due to a shortage of wood and sales difficulties. Only after 1800, when the demand for luxury glass increased enormously, when a few decades of regulated forestry had ensured the regrowth of the raw material wood and when the forest-destroying potash extraction had become unnecessary due to the new glass flux soda, some glass huts ( 3243: 2740:, and these are the only regions of Germany where tarot cards are still used for playing games. The game has grown organically, and there are many regional variations, but in recent years the establishment of a Cego Black Forest Championship has led to official tournament rules being defined. In addition, regular courses and local tournaments are held and it is a permanent feature of 2435: 2698: 3306:) with its many steep inclines. After 1950, circular walks were constructed to meet the changing demand, initially from the relatively dense railway network and, later, mainly from locally established hiking car parks. Currently, special, more experience-oriented themed paths are being laid out, such as the Dornstetten Barefoot Park ( 2951:

The higher elevations of the Black Forest are characterized by relatively small annual fluctuations and steamed extreme values. This is the result of the frequent light winds and greater cloud cover in summer. During the winter months, frequent high pressure means that the summits are often bathed in

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The wettest areas are the highlands around the Hornisgrinde in the north and around the Belchen and Feldberg in the south, where annual rainfall reaches 1,800–2,100 mm. Moisture-laden Atlantic westerlies dump about as much rain in the Northern Black Forest, despite its lower elevation, than in

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and watch industry, which boomed with the arrival of the railway in many of the Black Forest valleys. The initial disadvantage of their remote location, which led to the development of precision-engineered wooden handicrafts, became a competitive advantage because of their access to raw materials:

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The mountain range has lower temperatures and higher rainfall than its surrounding countryside. The highlands of the Black Forest are characterized by regular rainfall throughout the year. However, temperatures do not fall evenly with increasing elevation, nor does the rainfall increase uniformly.

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In 1998, the Baden-Württemberg State Department for Environmental Protection (today the Baden-Württemberg State Department for the Environment, Survey and Nature Conservation) published a reworked Natural Region Division of Baden-Württemberg. It is restricted to the level of the natural regional

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offering insights into farming life of the 16th and 17th centuries. The buildings were dismantled at their original sites, the individual pieces numbered and then re-erected to exactly the same plan in the museum. The open-air museum shows the life of 16th and 17th century farmers in the region

3669:. This arm of tourism is controversial due to the high number of accidents and the wide-ranging noise pollution and has been restricted through the introduction of speed limits and by placing certain roads out of bounds. For example, since 1984, motorcyclists have been banned from using the 2127:

mainly facing northeast. Especially in this direction snow accumulated on the shaded and leeward slopes of the summit plateau to form short cirque glaciers that made the sides of these funnel-shaped depressions. There are still tarns in some of these old cirques, partly a result of the

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raged across the Black Forest and caused even greater damage, especially to the spruce monocultures. As had happened following the 1990 storms, large quantities of fallen logs were kept in provisional wet-storage areas for years. The effects of the storm are demonstrated by the

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a pronounced but uneven bulge especially affected the southern Black Forest, including the Feldberg. As a result, the upper surface of the basement in the northern part of the forest around the Hornisgrinde is considerably lower. In the central Black Forest, the tectonic

2835:) was founded in 2000. It covers 375,000 ha and is thus the second-largest in Germany (as of 2020). It begins in the southern part of the Central Black Forest, bordering on the Southern Black Forest Nature Park and covers the rest of the Black Forest to the north. 3612:

offers an overview of the traditional costume of the whole of the Black Forest and its peripheral regions. Also located in Haslach: the Hansjakob Museum and the Hansjakob Archive with numerous works of the writer, priest, politician, historian and chronicler,

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relief. It is here, in the west, where the highest mountains and the greatest local differences in height (of up to 1000 metres) are found. The valleys are often narrow and ravine-like. The summits are rounded, and there are remnants of plateaux and

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the higher area of the Southern Black Forest. There, the Vosges act as a rain shield in the face of the prevailing winds. On the exposed east side of the Central Black Forest, it is much drier; the annual rainfall there is about 750 L/m.

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glaciations (up to about 10,000 years ago). This glacial geomorphology characterizes almost all of the High Black Forest as well as the main ridge of the Northern Black Forest. Apart from that, it is only discernible from a large number of

1376:) in the extreme southwest of the Black Forest; morphologically, geologically and climatically it is separate from the other parts of the Southern Black Forest and, in this classification, is also counted as part of the High Black Forest. 3293:

crosses the Black Forest following the routes of some of the local long-distance paths. Their framework is a network of long-distance paths with main routes and side branches, many of which were laid out in the early 20th century by the

600:. From north to south, the Black Forest extends for over 160 km (100 mi), attaining a width of up to 50 km (30 mi) in the south and 30 km (20 mi) in the north. The Black Forest is the highest part of the 2089:

Above the crystalline basement of the Northern Black Forest and the adjacent parts of the Central Black Forest, the bunter sandstone platforms rise in prominent steps. The most resistant surface strata on the stepped terrain of the

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In 1959, Rudolf Metz combined the earlier divisions and proposed a modified tripartite division, which combined natural and cultural regional approaches and was widely used. His Central Black Forest is bounded in the north by the

1958:, the youngest is the Bärhalde Granite. In the south lies the zone of Badenweiler-Lenzkirch, in which Palaeozoic rocks have been preserved (volcanite and sedimentary rocks), which are interpreted as the intercalated remains of a 5634: 5618: 5602: 5586: 5570: 5554: 2805:. A national park's aims are to protect the country's natural heritage, to practice environmental education, to serve purposes of scientific environmental observation and to prevent the area from being commercially exploited. 468:. Soon afterwards, increasingly higher areas and adjacent forests were colonized, so that by the end of the 10th century, the first settlements could be found in the red (bunter) sandstone region. These include, for example, 2176:

The Black Forest is mainly rural, with many scattered villages and a few large towns. Tradition and custom are celebrated in many places in the form of annual festivities. The main dialect spoken in the Black Forest area is

792:. A pragmatic division, which is oriented not just on natural and cultural regions, uses the most important transverse valleys. Based on that, the Central Black Forest is bounded by the Kinzig in the north and the line from 4072:) offers calmer driving along high roads. The last is a picturesque trip starting in the south of the Black Forest going north and includes numerous old wineries and tiny villages. Another, more specialized route is the 2464:

is another notable craft of the Black Forest region. At the beginning of the 15th century, the art of glassmaking took hold in the Bavarian-Bohemian border mountains, especially since the necessary raw materials such as

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on a highland timber forest of about 10 hectares that was destroyed by a hurricane. Several areas of storm damage, both large and small, were left to nature and have developed today into a natural mixed forest again.

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is still sometimes worn today, usually at festive occasions. The appearance of such costume varies from region to region, sometimes markedly. One of the best-known Black Forest costumes is that of the villages of

1424:(1,414 m). In general the mountains of the Southern or High Black Forest are higher than those in the Northern Black Forest. The highest Black Forest peak north of the Freiburg–Höllental–Neustadt line is the 756:

The most common way of dividing the regions of the Black Forest is, however, from north to south. Until the 1930s, the Black Forest was divided into the Northern and Southern Black Forest, the boundary being the

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but never officially mined) often used to be linked to the intrusion of Carboniferous granite in the para- and orthogneisses. More recent research has revealed that most of these lode fillings are much younger

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or Forbach and Kinzig, in the south by the Bonndorf Graben zone, which restricts the Black Forest in the east as does the Freudenstadt Graben further north by its transition into the Northern Black Forest.

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and for other purposes. This branch of industry boomed in the 18th century and led to large-scale clearances. As most of the long, straight pine logs were transported downriver for shipbuilding in the

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Its rural beauty as well as the sense of tradition of its inhabitants attracted many artists in the 19th and early 20th centuries, whose works made the Black Forest famous the world over. Notable were

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for house construction in the sandy and wet ground. Even today in Amsterdam large numbers of historic building are built on these posts and the reforestation of the Black Forest with spruce

4676:. In the 1970s, the industry declined due to Far Eastern competition. Nevertheless, the Black Forest remains a centre for the metalworking industry and is home to many high-tech companies. 1246:, 151), along the upper reaches of the Enz and Murg, forming the heart of the Northern Black Forest. The west of the Northern Black Forest is formed by the Northern Black Forest Valleys ( 2319:

were widely admired, their landscape and genre motifs capturing the character of the Black Forest. Like local author Heinrich Hansjakob, they were part of a Baden folk costume movement.

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The boundaries drawn were, however, quite varied. In 1931, Robert Gradmann called the Central Black Forest the catchment area of the Kinzig and in the west the section up to the lower

6499: 2638:, crowds of people line the streets, wearing wooden, mostly hand-carved masks. One prominent style of mask is called the Black Forest Style, originating from the Black Forest Region. 7314: 5949: 5383: 4300:

too. It is believed that around 800–1,000 miners lived and worked in the Münster valley until the end of the Middle Ages. After the Plague, which afflicted the valley in 1516, the

348:. Roughly oblong in shape, with a length of 160 kilometres (100 miles) and breadth of up to 50 km (30 mi), it has an area of about 6,009 km (2,320 sq mi). 4496: 4288:

the High Black Forest was practically unsettled. In the course of inland colonisation in the Late High Middle Ages even the highlands were cultivated by settlers from the abbeys (

5361: 5742: 4109:. There is now a monument in Triberg dedicated to Bismarck, who apparently enjoyed the tranquility of the region as an escape from his day-to-day political duties in Berlin. 456:. With the exception of Roman settlements on the perimeter (e.g. the baths in Badenweiler, and mines near Badenweiler and Sulzburg) and the construction of the Roman road of 6284: 8087: 6715: 4656:

to ensure that small artisans were given good training and thus better sales opportunities. Due to the increasing demand for mechanical devices, large companies such as

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composed of Bunter Sandstone, are covered by seemingly endless coniferous forest with their island clearings. The exposed basement in the west, predominantly made up of

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also grew. In the middle of the 19th century, the Black Forest was almost completely deforested by intensive forestry and was subsequently replanted, mostly with spruce

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fuelled a resurgence of timber exports. The importance of the timber resources of the Black Forest has also increased sharply recently due to the increasing demand for

4116:. Heidegger wrote and edited some of his philosophical works in a small hut in the Black Forest, and would receive visitors there for walks, including his former pupil 3570:

From this early precision engineering a formerly important phonographic industry developed in the 20th century; the history of leisure electronics is presented in the

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timber from the forest and metal from the mines. As part of a structural support programme the Baden State Government founded the first clockmaking school in 1850 in

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and is therefore Germany's largest nature park (as of 2020). It encloses the southern part of the Central Black Forest, the Southern Black Forest and adjacent areas.

5285: 3427: 8348: 5474: 4296:). In the Late High Middle Ages (from about 1100) mining experienced another boom, especially around Todtnau, in the Münster and Suggen valleys and, later, on the 3443: 2328: 4412:

the quantities of silver extracted in the Black Forest were rather modest and reached only about ten percent of that produced in the other silver-mining regions.

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dating from the 17th and 18th centuries can be found in the Black Forest, especially on the mountain passes. Examples include the multiple baroque fieldworks of

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of the Upper Bunter (platten sandstones and red clays). South of the Kinzig the Bunter Sandstone zone narrows to a fringe in the east of the mountain range.

5331: 464:. They settled and first colonized the valleys, crossing the old settlement boundary, the so-called "red sandstone border", for example, from the region of 7786: 6691: 6340: 2880:

In addition to the characteristic range of fauna found in Central European forests, the following less common animals may be observed in the Black Forest:

2262: 189: 90: 7919: 5080: 4214:, fluorite along with lead and silver near Wildschapbach, baryte and fluorite in the Rankach valley and near Ohlsbach, in the Southern Black Forest near 4098:) there are many mines re-opened to the public. Such mines may be visited in the Kinzig valley, the Suggental, the Muenster valley, and around Todtmoos. 3473: 842: 2454:. Wood carving is a traditional cottage industry in the region, and carved ornaments now are produced in substantial numbers as souvenirs for tourists. 6666: 6645: 698:, especially prominent in the north and east on the Bunter Sandstone) and the deeply incised, steeply falling terrain in the west that drops into the 6593: 3437: 2451: 6029: 2659: 2102:, which have been heavily eroded by the tributaries of the Murg, is the silicified main conglomerate (Middle Bunter). To the east and north are the 7593: 5210: 3463: 6254: 6224: 6772: 5776: 2344: 1400: 1358:

into the Rhine. The southern crest of the Black Forest in the west is deeply incised by the Rhine into numerous ridges. Immediately right of the

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Rather, the precipitation rises quickly even in the lower regions and is disproportionately heavy on the rainier western side of the mountains.

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trails. The total network of tracks amounts to around 23,000 kilometres (14,000 mi), and is maintained and overseen by volunteers of the

2407: 4551:. With the expansion of the railway and road network as alternative transportation, rafting largely came to an end in the late 19th century. 6496: 5255: 4762:

reservoir, with its new dam, became the upper basin of a pumped-storage power plant. In 2013 the association of the Southern Black Forest's

6522: 3417: 3343:(figures from Bremke, 1999, p. 9), which is the second largest German hiking association. As of 2021, the club counts 65,000 members. 3045: 6155: 5945: 7299: 5387: 2600: 7276: 6362: 7781: 6907: 4921: 495: 356: 5353: 3737: 1950:

and diatexites, for example on the Schauinsland and Kandel). These gneisses were penetrated by a number of granitic bodies during the

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Georg Sawatzki, Horst Peter Hann (2003), "Badenweiler-Lenzkirch-Zone (Südschwarzwald): Erläuterungen mit Hinweisen für Exkursionen",

6868: 6750: 6314: 5746: 4790: 3270:, a centre and talent forge for German ski jumpers. In the Northern Black Forest, the winter-sports areas are concentrated along the 2512:, which is also known as "Black Forest Cherry Cake" or "Black Forest Cake" and is made with chocolate cake, cream, sour cherries and 738:, was, despite its rugged topography, easier to settle and appears much more open and inviting today with its varied meadow valleys. 4554:

Today, loggers harvest fir trees—especially very tall and branchless ones—mainly to ship to Japan. The global advertising impact of

2797:, to preserve the countryside as a cultural landscape, to market local produce more effectively, to make the area more suitable for 2793:. The difference between a nature park and a national park is that a nature park's aim is to strive for environmentally sustainable 2477:), the locations of which were relocated when the local resources were available. They needed huge amounts of firewood and wood for 2473:

were abundant here. With the permission of the manor, glassblowers operated simple glass production facilities as "wandering huts" (

2392: 1340:– and thus draining from the northeast of the Southern Black Forest. To the south and west it is adjoined by the High Black Forest ( 5863: 4995: 4091:

Due to the rich mining history dating from medieval times (the Black Forest was one of the most important mining regions of Europe

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Geologically the clearest division is also between east and west. Large areas of the eastern Black Forest, the lowest layer of the

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The timber resources of the Black Forest provided the basis for other sectors of the economy that have now largely disappeared.

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Mining developed in the Black Forest due to its ore deposits, which were often lode-shaped. The formation of these deposits (

3259: 5010: 4233:. Strata-bound deposits include iron ores in the Dogger layer of the foothill zone and uranium near Müllenbach/Baden-Baden. 3729: 7586: 6194: 4619: 3828: 1831: 1354:. Its eastern part, the Southern Black Forest Plateau, is oriented towards the Danube, but drained over the Wutach and the 6842: 5277: 8254: 5025: 4778: 1803: 3844: 2725:, soldiers from Baden deployed with Napoleon's troops to Spain where, among other things, they learned a new card game, 588:(which, from a natural region perspective, also includes the low chain of foothills); in the east it transitions to the 367: 5971: 5893: 5406: 4289: 1204:, 150) geomorphologically form plateaux on the north and northeast periphery of the mountain range that descend to the 691:, the main division is between the gentle eastern slopes with their mostly rounded hills and broad plateaux (so-called 7926: 7452: 2037: 7245:

Schriftenreihe des Institut für Bodenkunde und Waldernährungslehre der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg i. Br., 15

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Wirtschaftsgeschichte des Schwarzwaldes und der angrenzenden Landschaften. Erster Band: Städte- und Gewerbegeschichte

7022: 7003: 6984: 6965: 6946: 6901: 6836: 6797: 6787: 6463: 5442: 5414: 4793:(1621/22–1676), German novelist; in 1665–67, he kept an inn in Gaisbach in the Black Forest while writing his famous 4770:

topographical conditions allow an average head of water of 625 m to drive the turbines before it flows into the

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during his years as Prussian and later German chancellor (1862–1890). Allegedly, he was especially interested in the

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houses minerals and mining exhibits from the whole of the Black Forest and links them to mathematical explanations.

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Administratively, the Black Forest belongs completely to the state of Baden-Württemberg and comprises the cities of

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These severe storms or cyclones are commonly known as hurricanes even though they are not true tropical hurricanes.

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became established. In the 20th century, the production of consumer electronics was developed by companies such as

3128: 2304: 4874: 7579: 5323: 4665: 2576: 379:: a mountain chain with fantastically formed trees as a symbol of an unsettled and virtually inaccessible terrain 4978: 3690: 7764: 3206: 1788: 6401: 5514:"Überarbeitung der Naturräumlichen Gliederung Baden-Württembergs auf Ebene der naturräumlichen Haupteinheiten" 4859: 3081: 1817: 7943: 7225:

Käflein, Achim (photographs); Huber, Alexander (German text); Freund, BethAnne (English translation) (2012).

6548: 4890: 3453: 2552: 1784: 20: 2559:) as well as the only restaurant in Germany that has been awarded a Michelin star every year since 1966. At 2551:

restaurants are located in the region, among them two restaurants with three stars (Restaurants Bareiss and

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It is considered proven that the Black Forest was heavily glaciated during the peak periods of at least the

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travelled through the Black Forest to paint his landscapes. The works of the Gutach artist colony around

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borehole). Even further to the southeast, under the Jura, lies the North Swiss Permocarboniferous Basin.

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deposits, but tourism has now become the primary industry, accounting for around 300,000 jobs. There are

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Lamparski, F. (1985). Der Einfluß der Regenwurmart Lumbricus badensis auf Waldböden im Südschwarzwald.

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Since the 20th century, the Black Forest has seen the large-scale generation of electrical power using

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sunshine, while the valleys disappear under a thick blanket of fog as a result of pockets of cold air (

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Aus der Waldgeschichte des Schwarzwaldes. Die Trift von Brenn- und Kohlholz. Wenn Grenzsteine reden

4382: 3536: 2231: 1863: 797: 662: 282: 7105:(in German), Freiburg im Breisgau: Landesamt für Geologie, Rohstoffe und Bergbau Baden-Württemberg 7095:(in German), Freiburg im Breisgau: Landesamt für Geologie, Rohstoffe und Bergbau Baden-Württemberg 5247: 4293: 4045: 3286:

The Black Forest has a great number of very varied trails; some of pan-regional significance. The

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because of the increasing economic potential, increasing mobility and the use of advertising. The

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in the Northern Black Forest. The height differences in the mountains are used in many places for

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Due to the large amounts of precipitation and elevation changes the Black Forest has significant

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Non-ferrous metal mining in the Black Forest continued until the middle of the 20th century near

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epoch, the two shoulders on either side have been uplifted: the Black Forest to the east and the

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to France. It lasted until the 19th century. Many pits from this period may be visited today as

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valleys) or Badische Weinstraße (Baden Wine Street, 160 km (99 mi), a wine route from

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and covers an area of 10,062 ha. Its motto is "Natur Natur sein lassen" (let nature be nature).

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Liehl, Ekkehard; Sick, Wolf Dieter, eds. (1984), "Der Schwarzwald. Beiträge zur Landeskunde",

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with its thermal baths and festival hall. Other thermal baths are found in the spa resorts of

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collision. Still further in the southeast (around Todtmoos) is a range of exotic inclusions:

1109: 1010: 966: 920: 770: 762: 8242: 8170: 7270: 6891: 5803: 4539:, they were referred to as "Dutchmen". The logs were used in the Netherlands, above all, as 4206:). Economic deposits of other minerals included: fluorite in the Northern Black Forest near 3852: 1192:

Slopes of the Northern Black Forest to the Upper Rhine Plain (Northern Black Forest Valleys)

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Ekkehard Liehl, Wolf Dieter Sick, ed. (1989), "Der Schwarzwald. Beiträge zur Landeskunde",

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major units and has been used since for the state's administration of nature conservation:

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The dominant rocks of the basement are gneiss (ortho- and paragneisses, in the south also

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The geological foundation of the Black Forest is formed by the crystalline bedrock of the

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The longest Black Forest rivers are (length includes stretches outside the Black Forest):

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in the Southern Black Forest is the range's highest summit. Also in the same area are the

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Kurt Klein (1988), "Verborgener Schwarzwald. Unbekanntes aus Volkskunde und Geschichte",

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Hornisgrinde plateau and raised bog (2004). Behind: transmission mast and wind generators

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The most heavily frequented tourist destinations and resorts in the Black Forest are the

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and was one of the local factors in the industrialization of some Black Forest valleys.

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There are many historic towns in the Black Forest. Popular tourist destinations include

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is a recreational lake and a starting point for a number of hiking trails including the

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Many railway lines run from the Rhine Plain up the valleys into the Black Forest: the

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The Black Forest is known for its long tradition in gourmet cuisine. No fewer than 17

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that manufacture jewellery and work with precious metals and stones. There is also a

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industry. The Black Forest supplied raw materials and energy for the manufacture of

4385:

and on the Schauinsland (to 1954); fluorite and baryte are still mined today at the

4358:

Pit near Wieden, the Hoffnungsstollen ("Hope Gallery") at Todtmoos, the mine in the

4272:). Especially in the Middle Black Forest, but also in the south (for example in the 2282: 1654: 510: 460:, the colonization of the Black Forest was not carried out by the Romans but by the 383: 8213: 8152: 8082: 7938: 7931: 7823: 7747: 7421: 7411: 7057: 5160: 5138: 4928: 4834: 4794: 4440: 4285: 4178: 4154: 4113: 4041: 3990: 3915: 3899: 3665:

Thanks to its winding country roads, the Black Forest is a popular destination for

3411: 3224: 2741: 2505: 2485:) revived. Some glassblowing factories still testify to this today, for example in 2414: 2399: 2316: 2307:. Both artists painted motifs from the Black Forest throughout their lives. Artist 2194: 2178: 2153: 1928: 1924: 1746: 1738: 1638: 1355: 1265: 1180: 731: 695: 658: 605: 506: 261: 7878: 4957: 4731:

potential. This was used until the 19th century especially for operating numerous

4487: 3231:

were built of red sandstone in the Hirsau style. Another idyllic rural edifice is

2964: 2303:

and his fellow student, Rudolf Epp, who was sponsored by the Grand Duke of Baden,

2252:) before and on the day of their wedding, whose largest examples from the town of 1188: 8046: 7986: 7806: 7650: 7639: 7602: 6698: 6675: 6526: 6503: 6492: 4771: 4571: 4428: 4316: 4190: 3401: 3332: 3232: 2722: 2714: 2706: 2115: 2078: 1955: 1932: 813: 801: 789: 638: 518: 274: 245: 7655: 7644: 6893:

Heidegger: Off the Beaten Track – Martin Heidegger, Julian Young, Kenneth Haynes

6186: 4825: 4335:

of many kinds. A circular, geological footpath runs today past the old pits and

3198:'s floral displays have won awards as the German Golden Village of 2004 and the 1967: 1269: 565: 7883: 7710: 7675: 7472: 6826: 6425:"Dem Auerhuhn fehlt im Schwarzwald der Lebensraum – Südwest – Badische Zeitung" 6002: 5537:, Baden-Württemberg State Office for the Environment, Survey and Conservation ( 5091: 4948: 4843: 4767: 4712: 4520: 4512: 4312: 4061: 4034: 3824: 3804: 3725: 3685: 3594: 3136: 3124: 3116: 3037: 2548: 2447: 2074: 1935:-like, foothill zone borders the Upper Rhine Graben consisting of rocks of the 1900: 1750: 1725: 1648: 1571:(90 kilometres; 56 mi), hydrological main artery of the Nagold-Enz systems 1568: 1562: 1550: 1526: 1523: 1503: 1495: 1333: 1296: 1292: 1213: 829: 758: 682: 630: 544: 457: 423: 298: 221: 7955: 7871: 7620: 5687:

Spreitzer, H. (1951). "Die Piedmonttreppen in der regionalen Geomorphologie".

3736:

to Calw and the Gäu Railway from Stuttgart to Freudenstadt or its present-day

2626:, as it is known in the Black Forest region, occurs in the time leading up to 2051:

on the uplands was largely eroded, apart from remains of Bunter Sandstone and

781:

referred to the highest areas of the South and southern Central Black Forest.

483:, originated in the Black Forest. Further peasant unrest, in the shape of the 8327: 8094: 8034: 7998: 7571: 7183:

Schwarzwald-Lesebuch. Geschichten aus 6 Jahrhunderten mit zahlreichen Bildern

7043:(in German), Freiburg im Breisgau: Geologisches Landesamt Baden-Württemberg, 6574:. Baden-Württemberg: Nachrichtenblatt des Landesdenkmalamtes. pp. 47–56. 4815: 4661: 4409: 4194: 4117: 4069: 3982: 3926: 3856: 3752: 3721: 3647: 3159: 3132: 3120: 3112: 3104: 2981: 2977: 2913:

once indispensable for heavy field work and nowadays an endangered breed, and

2845: 2778: 2635: 2540: 2534: 2070: 2067: 1951: 1616: 1515: 1472: 1359: 1212:

landscapes in the east. They are incised by valleys, especially those of the

688: 593: 465: 204: 191: 105: 92: 7974: 7811: 5975: 5885: 5037: 3218: 2757: 2312: 8297: 8193: 8177: 8027: 7830: 7740: 7457: 7396: 7015:

Der Schwarzwald. Eine deutsche Kulturlandschaft in Geschichte und Gegenwart

5473:

Metz, Rudolf (1959). "Zur naturräumlichen Gliederung des Schwarzwalds". In

5130: 4716: 4669: 4644: 4624: 4599: 4595: 4548: 4452: 4436: 4359: 4355: 4336: 4320: 4297: 4211: 4053: 3958: 3764: 3674: 3666: 3267: 3236: 3228: 3191: 3085: 3065: 3061: 2940: 2853: 2762: 2518: 2461: 2455: 2443: 2245: 2206: 2161: 1971: 1660: 1584: 1487: 1433: 1429: 1428:(1,241.4 m). Like the highest point of the Northern Black Forest, the 1417: 1329: 956: 646: 540: 314: 8003: 7799: 6030:"80.000 Besucher bestaunen Fasnetmendig-Umzug zum Rosenmontag in Freiburg" 5646: 4420: 4269: 1379: 1320:, 154) consists mainly of the catchment areas of the upper reaches of the 1225: 1209: 436:, "border"). The Black Forest probably represented the border area of the 8273: 8063: 8039: 8015: 7906: 7735: 7391: 6103: 5095: 5072: 4838: 4740: 4613: 4591: 4559: 4544: 4536: 4448: 4390: 4367: 4281: 4238: 4065: 4049: 4005:. Other popular destinations include such mountains as the Feldberg, the 3970: 3919: 3914:

runs along the border between Baden-Württemberg and Switzerland, linking

3709: 3630: 3589:

has information and living history demonstrations covering the themes of

3564: 3560: 3187: 3167: 3162:

at the foot of the Hornisgrinde. Picturesque old towns may be visited in

3108: 3100: 3096: 3089: 3069: 3021: 2910: 2857: 2774: 2556: 2149: 2145: 1908: 1712: 1711:. Especially in the Northern Black Forest are a number of other, smaller 1678: 1556: 1308: 1261: 1257: 1038: 785: 620: 549: 533: 413: 322: 7890: 6133: 5702: 4647:

to supplement their income. This developed in the 19th century into the

3328:). Roads and wide forest tracks are thus less often used than hitherto. 2992: 2972:

The main industry of the Black Forest is tourism. Black Forest Tourism (

8313: 8290: 8285: 8261: 7979: 7950: 7835: 7692: 7687: 7538: 7406: 7386: 7340: 6515:

Including private accommodation and visitors by relatives and friends.

5017: 4897: 4805: 4759: 4732: 4728: 4679:

Since the start of industrialisation there have been numerous firms in

4653: 4628: 4432: 4363: 4234: 4018: 4002: 3986: 3907: 3832: 3784: 3163: 3143: 3013: 3001: 2888: 2384: 2369: 2354: 2308: 2296: 2052: 2009: 1991: 1975: 1720: 1578: 1468: 1367: 1217: 1175: 1099: 577: 488: 437: 7360: 5384:"Information Service for Agriculture, Nutrition and Regional Planning" 5248:"Die Wirtschaft im Schwarzwald: Tourismus, Holzwirtschaft und anderes" 4707: 4582:) in the woods and produced charcoal, which, like the products of the 4507:

For several centuries logs from the Black Forest were rafted down the

4044:(E35) motorway, but a variety of signposted scenic routes such as the 4029:, not the highest, but the most famous waterfalls in Germany; and the 3515: 2713:, that is part of the region's cultural heritage. After the defeat of 2564: 1363: 857:

to near Freudenstadt. Its southern boundary varied with each edition.

44: 8302: 8218: 7895: 7859: 7770: 7715: 7704: 7510: 7497: 7365: 6692:

Schauinsland: Motorradfahrer ignorieren Fahrverbot – Radler in Angst.

6458:(in German), vol. 47 (3 ed.), Bühl: Konkordia, p. 70, 5539:

Landesanstalt für Umwelt, Messungen und Naturschutz Baden-Württemberg

5057: 4982: 4964: 4684: 4680: 4555: 4500: 4492: 4460: 4424: 4416: 4394: 4386: 4347: 4253: 4249: 4207: 4182: 3994: 3868: 3796: 3748: 3733: 3705: 3590: 3586: 3365: 3247: 3175: 3151: 3025: 2678: 2236: 2141: 2133: 1983: 1947: 1912: 1872: 1716: 1704: 1534: 1457: 1300: 1287:

Grassland economy in side valleys of the Kinzig, Central Black Forest

1253: 1233: 1205: 1095: 1047: 946: 616: 581: 553: 401: 345: 341: 8165: 4393:. Iron ores of the Dogger formation was worked until the 1970s near 3495: 3331:

There are numerous shorter paths suitable for day walks, as well as

2968:

Hinterzarten in the Southern Black Forest: church and Adler ski jump

2935: 1990:

from a continental collision. Also noteworthy are the basins in the

1766: 1432:(1,163 m), or the Southern Black Forest lookout mountains, the 8118: 8022: 7901: 7533: 7502: 7437: 7332: 7269: 7013:

Horst Friedrich Vorwerk (Text), Erich Spiegelhalter (Abb.) (1992),

6393: 5689: 4932: 4700: 4657: 4565: 4476: 4342:

Another boom began in the early 18th century after the loss of the

4261: 4257: 4230: 4229:

were mined or prospected in the Hotzenwald forest near Horbach and

4203: 4199: 4174: 4077: 3974: 3925:

Most of these routes are still busy today, whilst some are popular

3800: 3254:

There are well known winter sports areas around the Feldberg, near

2186: 2061: 2056: 2045: 1940: 1936: 1043: 612: 597: 570: 552:, a forest educational and adventure trail at the nature centre in 499: 461: 7962: 7668: 6979:(in German), vol. Bd. 18, Kehl, Strasbourg, Basel: Morstadt, 6540: 4280:

of silver and lead ore; evidence of this at Sulzburg and possibly

2863: 2529: 1931:

slabs, the so-called platforms. On the western edge a descending,

718: 8157: 8146: 8135: 8130: 8106: 7847: 7663: 7416: 7324: 5043: 4912: 4829: 4736: 4603: 4242: 4215: 4186: 4145: 4014: 3876: 3812: 3808: 3760: 3697: 3356: 3255: 3147: 3009: 2819: 2744:

Week, held annually in the Black Forest at the end of September.

2524: 2494: 2490: 2165: 2157: 2093: 2041: 1999: 1880: 1708: 1700: 1696: 1628: 1590: 1483: 1448: 1325: 1277: 1090: 1086: 854: 793: 774: 735: 310: 240: 165: 19:

This article is about the region in Germany. For other uses, see

8058: 6744: 5124: 4308:, mining in the region declined until just a few pits remained. 3953: 3646:

Several tourist routes run through the Black Forest. Well known

2729:. They took this back to Baden and adapted it to be played with 2697: 351:

Historically, the area was known for forestry and the mining of

8201: 8051: 7528: 6668:

Baden-Württemberg: Landesregierung will Motorradlärm eindämmen.

6484:: Klimaatlas Baden-Württemberg, Jahresniederschläge 1971–2000: 4986: 4640: 4583: 4532: 4343: 4332: 4328: 4324: 4323:

in the upper Kinzig valley had many pits from which miners dug

4277: 4276:) ore mining was already probably taking place in Roman times ( 4226: 4170: 4166: 4030: 3840: 3772: 3374: 3073: 2513: 2478: 2466: 2273: 2218: 2202: 2124: 2033: 2029: 1979: 1963: 1888: 1884: 1876: 1688: 1574: 1507: 1482:(which originates in the Black Forest as the confluence of the 1479: 1321: 761:. Later the Black Forest was divided into the heavily forested 692: 529: 453: 419: 330: 326: 318: 295: 257: 73: 7154:

Der Schwarzwald. Naturvielfalt in einer alten Kulturlandschaft

6865:"Heidegger's Aesthetics (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)" 5567:

Natural region fact file Grindenschwarzwald und Enzhöhen (151)

4112:

The Black Forest featured in the philosophical development of

1954:

period. Among the bigger ones are the Triberg Granite and the

1346:, 155) with the highest summits in the whole range around the 7699: 7556: 4524: 4456: 4419:

in the Black Forest. These include: the Frischglück Pit near

4265: 4225:

Small liquid magmatic deposits of nickel-magnetite gravel in

4083: 3962: 3884: 3872: 2730: 2726: 2240:

headdress. Unmarried women wear the hats with red bobbles or

2198: 2103: 1687:(18 kilometres; 11 mi), hydrological main artery of the 1672: 1622: 1604: 1530: 1511: 1463: 1273: 836: 821: 817: 711: 484: 449: 6958:

Veröffentlichung des Alemannischen Instituts Freiburg I. Br.

6456:

Veröffentlichung des Alemannischen Instituts Freiburg I. Br.

4499:

hold up the largest unsupported wooden roof in the world at

3242: 1440:(1,164.7 m) it lies near the western rim of the range. 452:, who subsequently gave their name to the historic state of 7866: 7842: 6156:"Cego – ein altes Kartenspiel, das eine Renaissance erlebt" 4819: 4528: 4405: 4398: 4162: 4158: 4101:

The Black Forest was visited on several occasions by Count

4040:

For drivers, the main route through the region is the fast

3978: 3937:

Since January 2006, the Black Forest Tourist organisation,

3717: 3205:

Noted for their fine interiors are the former monastery of

2710: 2692: 2627: 2470: 2434: 2244:; married women wear black. Engaged women sometimes wear a 2055:, but it has survived within the graben itself. During the 1995: 1892: 1387:

in the Southern Black Forest with its bare dome, seen from

1291:

The Central Black Forest (153) is mainly restricted to the

951: 6960:(in German), vol. 47 (4. ed.), Bühl: Konkordia, 5799:"Gutach: Bollenhutmacherin gibt Einblicke in ihr Handwerk" 4056:), Schwarzwald Tälerstraße (100 km (62 mi), the 3700:. In the eastern part of the Northern Black Forest by the 3559:

gives a comprehensive cross-section of the history of the

7914: 4631:'s workshop in a sitting room (postcard from around 1900) 4508: 2733:

cards which were then in common use in southern Germany.

2132:

elevation of the low-side lip of the cirque, such as the

2099: 2008:

rock, covered by bunter, also occurs in the north of the

1544: 1491: 1221: 352: 7041:

Erz- und Minerallagerstätten des Mittleren Schwarzwaldes

5583:

Natural region fact file Nördlicher Talschwarzwald (152)

3274:

and on the ridge between the Murg and Enz rivers around

3142:

Other tourist destinations are the old imperial town of

2781:

named after the Black Forest that cover the region: the

2736:

Cego soon developed into the national game of Baden and

2098:

uplands and the heights around the upper reaches of the

1883:. Formerly it shared tectonic evolution with the nearby 539:

In 1990, extensive damage to the forest was caused by a

7121:(Deutsche Lande – Deutsche Kunst). Munich/Berlin, 1965. 5615:

Natural region fact file Südöstlicher Schwarzwald (154)

5501:. Remagen/Bad Godesberg: Bundesanstalt für Landeskunde. 3302:. The best known of these is the challenging West Way ( 3016:. Both lakes offer opportunities for water sports like 1927:

basement. This is covered in the east and northeast by

845:

published by the Federal Office of Regional Geography (

685:

of the Black Forest are separated by various features.

155:

Map of Germany with the Black Forest(outlined in green)

6937:

Hartwig Haubrich; Wolfgang Hug; Herbert Lange (1991),

6070: 5551:

Natural region fact file Schwarzwald-Randplatten (150)

5494: 5405:. Süddeutschland (in German). Vol. 2. Darmstadt: 4766:

owned five power plants with 14 storage tanks. At the

4639:

did not arrive until late in the day. In winter, many

4614:

Precision-engineering, clock and jewellery manufacture

2761:

Central/North Black Forest Nature Park: view from the

2522:

is a Baden specialty made with ham, cheese and cream.

1236:. To the southwest it is adjoined by the Black Forest 604:, and much of it is densely wooded, a fragment of the 528:

of deciduous trees and firs. At the higher elevations

5662:

Harris, Stuart A. (1968). "Treppen concept (penck)".

4635:

In the relatively inaccessible Black Forest valleys,

4315:

and its side valleys. The small mining settlement of

3194:

is built around the largest market place in Germany.

1895:

period affected the area and caused formation of the

1220:; a narrow northwestern finger extends to beyond the 487:

uprisings, took place over the next two centuries in

440:("border people") who were settled east of the Roman 5599:

Natural region fact file Mittlerer Schwarzwald (153)

5498:

Handbuch der naturräumlichen Gliederung Deutschlands

5495:

Meynen, Emil; Schmithüsen, Josef, eds. (1953–1962).

5106: 4837:, German philosopher, who spent much of his time in 3851:

through the Höllental valley to Donaueschingen, the

2848:

in Baden-Württemberg. It lies completely within the

2717:

in 1805, much of its territory was allocated to the

1998:

plates (exposed, for example, on the rock massif of

1907:, the Black Forest was covered by glaciers; several 448:. They, in turn, were part of the Germanic tribe of 317:

to the west and south and close to the borders with

7142:(Meyers Naturführer). Mannheim/Vienna/Zurich, 1989. 7135:(Meyers Naturführer). Mannheim/Vienna/Zurich, 1989. 5462:(3rd ed.). Stuttgart: Kohlhammer. p. 169. 1791:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 843:

Handbook of the Natural Region Divisions of Germany

1252:, 152) with the middle reaches of the Murg around 749:, the highest mountain in the Black Forest, SE of 26:"Schwarzwald" redirects here. For other uses, see 6616:"Open Air Museum Vogtsbauernhof – Vogtsbauernhof" 5830:Heck, Brigitte (2012). "Ein Hut macht Karriere". 3696:The whole of the Black Forest was once linked by 2900:, which is found only in the Black Forest region, 2012:block (several hundred metres thick in the Basel 569:Woods and pastures of the High Black Forest near 8325: 7185:, 224 pages, Hohenheim Verlag, Stuttgart, 2011, 5197: 5195: 4566:Glass-making, charcoal-burning and potash-mining 3048:are also popular. Lookout mountains include the 1232:to the west as far as a point immediately above 410:In ancient times, the Black Forest was known as 7093:Geologische Karte von Baden-Württemberg 1:50000 5460:Geographische Landeskunde von Baden-Württemberg 5231: 4784: 1719:like the – formerly natural but much smaller – 1401:List of mountains and hills in the Black Forest 584:in the north. In the west it is bounded by the 8354:Natural regions of the South German Scarplands 7601: 7074:Silber, Kupfer, Kobalt. Bergbau im Schwarzwald 7032: 6789:A Rough Passage, Volume II: Memories of Empire 5631:Natural region fact file Hochschwarzwald (155) 5624: 5608: 5592: 5576: 5560: 5544: 5203:"Black Forest | Description, Map, & Facts" 4828:, football manager, who grew up in village of 3505: 505:or individual defensive positions such as the 398:An unmarried Black Forest woman wearing a red 8349:Mountain and hill ranges of Baden-Württemberg 7587: 7300: 6538: 5640: 5528: 5192: 4602:houses e.g. in the Hoellental in Todtnau and 4547:testifies to the destruction of the original 4268:in the Northern Black Forest (for example in 6339:. Schwarzwald Tourismus GmbH. Archived from 5998:"The Michelin Guide and the Zumkeller Chefs" 4135: 4120:. This hut features explicitly in his essay 2818:) was founded in 1999. It comprises 394,000 2665:Carnival pleasure in the Black Forest (1890) 2091: 2003: 1371: 1366:rises the relatively small Bunter Sandstone- 1341: 1315: 1247: 1241: 1198: 847: 716: 704: 432:("Marcynian Forest", from the Germanic word 399: 7147:Südschwarzwald, Feldberg und Wutachschlucht 7064:, Verlag Karl J. Trübner, Strassburg 1892 ( 6771:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 5832:Baden! 900 Jahre – Geschichten eines Landes 5232:Chilcoat, Loretta; Acciano, Rueben (2005). 4245:, but was always only of local importance. 4177:, less lead and zinc in the Kinzig valley; 3902:from the Höllental Railway and runs to the 3494:) 5, runs for over 311 kilometres into the 1675:(incl. Rüttebach 28 kilometres; 17 mi) 1228:and also borders the middle reaches of the 441: 427: 411: 372: 7594: 7580: 7307: 7293: 7039:Michael Bliedtner, Manfred Martin (1986), 6785: 5745:. www.schwarzwald-laden.de. Archived from 5719:. www.trachten-winkler.com. Archived from 5655: 3032:("sculpture trail at the Mummelsee"). The 2272:is worn by unmarried women as part of the 2019: 837:Work of the Institute of Applied Geography 773:with its distinctive highland economy and 6889: 6453: 5686: 5490: 5488: 5457: 5031:Traditional farmhouse of the Black Forest 5016:The Black Forest is known for its native 4791:Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen 4598:. This is evidenced today by a number of 3139:are examples for spas built in this era. 2109: 2073:regarded the Black Forest as an uplifted 1986:), which are possibly the remnants of an 1851:Learn how and when to remove this message 7101:Wolfgang Werner, Volker Dennert (2004), 7072:Gregor Markl, Sönke Lorenz, ed. (2004), 6716:"The complete guide to The Black Forest" 6569: 6519:Tourismusentwicklung im Schwarzwald 2009 6307:"Schwarzwald Nationalpark: Nationalpark" 6247:"Naturpark Südschwarzwald – Allgemeines" 5400: 4777:In the 21st century, in the wake of the 4706: 4694: 4623: 4486: 4144: 4082: 3952: 3684: 3514: 3241: 2991: 2963: 2959: 2934: 2862: 2756: 2696: 2508:originated from this region, as did the 2433: 1871:The Black Forest consists of a cover of 1862: 1537:drainage basin (drained by the Danube). 1518:. The Black Forest occupies part of the 1462: 1447: 1378: 1332:as well as the left side valleys of the 1282: 1187: 740: 564: 393: 382: 366: 7170:. Klöpfer & Mayer, Tübingen, 2007, 7103:Lagerstätten und Bergbau im Schwarzwald 6422: 6185:e.V, VDN-Verband Deutscher Naturparke. 5834:. Karlsruhe: Info-Verlag. p. 256. 5511: 3190:is a centre of gastronomic excellence, 2705:The Black Forest is home to an unusual 2701:One of two patterns of Cego trump cards 1699:origin in the Black Forest include the 1478:Rivers in the Black Forest include the 804:zone and the course of the present day 8326: 7315:Important cities and tourist sites in 7205:A Rough Passage: Memories of an Empire 7149:(Naturmagazin Draußen). Hamburg, 1983. 6745:Apropos Werbung, Telefon 07721-98770. 6639: 6551:from the original on 28 September 2020 6355:"Schöder's Biohof – HINTERWÄLDER RIND" 5661: 5651:Federal Agency for Nature Conservation 5485: 5466: 4362:, the formerly especially silver-rich 3627:MiMa Mineralogy and Mathematics Museum 3488:Schwarzwald-Schwäbische-Alb-Allgäu-Weg 3064:in the Southern Black Forest; and the 2987: 2850:Central/North Black Forest Nature Park 2828:Central/North Black Forest Nature Park 2212: 357:several ruined military fortifications 344:of 1,493 metres (4,898 ft) above 7575: 7288: 7076:(in German), Filderstadt: Markstein, 6910:from the original on 21 December 2019 6871:from the original on 11 December 2015 6824: 6620:Open Air Museum Vogtsbauernhof Gutach 6423:Zeitung, Badische (26 January 2020). 6118: 6090: 6088: 6057: 6055: 5886:"Gemeinde Grainet – Wanderglashütten" 5213:from the original on 20 December 2020 4822:(1877–1962), German poet and novelist 4703:, a typical Black Forest farming mill 3948: 3738:section from Eutingen to Freudenstadt 3620: 3510: 2752: 702:; the so-called Valley Black Forest ( 475:Some of the uprisings (including the 281: 138:6,000 km (2,300 sq mi) 7280:. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). 1911. 7229:. edition-kaeflein.de. p. 228. 6998:(in German), Stuttgart: DRW-Verlag, 6828:Heidegger's Hut | The MIT Press 6753:from the original on 9 February 2006 6596:from the original on 22 January 2021 6365:from the original on 26 January 2021 6317:from the original on 18 January 2021 6287:from the original on 23 January 2021 6197:from the original on 2 December 2020 5952:from the original on 1 February 2018 5896:from the original on 26 January 2021 5866:from the original on 6 December 2020 5829: 5811:from the original on 26 January 2021 5472: 5364:from the original on 22 January 2021 5288:from the original on 22 January 2021 4620:Clock production in the Black Forest 4350:; for example the Teufelsgrund Pit ( 4260:. By the 5th and 6th centuries B.C. 4210:, baryte in the central region near 3680: 3484:Black Forest-Swabian Jura-Allgäu Way 2844:, established in 2014, is the first 2036:to the west. In the centre lies the 1789:adding citations to reliable sources 1760: 623:as well as the following districts ( 576:The Black Forest stretches from the 472:, which was first mentioned in 819. 6257:from the original on 9 January 2021 6148: 6040:from the original on 7 January 2021 5926:from the original on 7 January 2021 5481:. Schauenburg, Lahr. pp. 1–33. 4435:, the Heilige Drei Könige Pit near 4076:, a circular route that traces the 3158:and the flower and wine village of 2943:. In the background are the Vosges. 2398:Black Forest farmhouse, painted by 2181:. The forest is best known for its 1443: 800:in the south, corresponding to the 526:the Black Forest was a mixed forest 229:Southwest German Uplands/Scarplands 13: 6572:Denkmalpflege in Baden-Württemberg 6563: 6337:"Enjoy nature with all the senses" 6277:"Naturpark Schwarzwald Mitte/Nord" 6227:from the original on 24 March 2020 6085: 6052: 5860:Dorotheenhütte Wolfach/Schwarzwald 5458:Borcherdt, Christoph, ed. (1993). 5407:Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft 5258:from the original on 11 April 2021 4475:and the Hoffnungsstollen Pit near 2887:which belong to the rare breed of 2582:Black Forest ham with German bread 2044:. In the times that followed, the 967:Black Forest Grinden and Enz Hills 676: 14: 8370: 7262: 7227:Schwarzwald: Natur und Landschaft 5779:from the original on 12 June 2021 5666:. Encyclopedia of Earth Science. 4459:, the Suggental Silver Mine near 4311:An important mining area was the 3932: 3831:branches off to Freudenstadt, in 3641: 3636: 3046:Open Air Museum at Vogtsbauernhof 2811:Southern Black Forest Nature Park 2783:Southern Black Forest Nature Park 479:) that preceded the 16th century 359:dating back to the 17th century. 8339:Forests and woodlands of Germany 8312: 7317: 6941:(in German), Stuttgart: Theiss, 6845:from the original on 10 May 2015 6806:from the original on 1 June 2022 6435:from the original on 18 May 2021 6251:www.naturpark-suedschwarzwald.de 5358:www.schwarzwald-informationen.de 5334:from the original on 1 June 2022 5123: 5109: 5079: 5064: 5050: 5036: 5024: 5009: 4994: 4971: 4956: 4951:passing through the Black Forest 4940: 4920: 4904: 4889: 4873: 4858: 3730:Württemberg Black Forest Railway 3597:in the Kinzig valley as well as 3281: 3250:along the Black Forest High Road 2833:Naturpark Schwarzwald Mitte/Nord 2670: 2658: 2646: 2599: 2587: 2575: 2406: 2391: 2376: 2361: 2343: 2327: 2281: 2261: 2064:of the Kinzig and Murg emerged. 1765: 1370:table of the Weintenau Uplands ( 149: 43: 7017:(in German), Freiburg: Herder, 6925: 6883: 6857: 6825:Sharr, Adam (27 October 2006). 6818: 6779: 6738: 6722:. 19 March 2014. Archived from 6708: 6685: 6660: 6648:from the original on 8 May 2021 6633: 6608: 6578: 6532: 6509: 6471: 6447: 6416: 6404:from the original on 6 May 2021 6386: 6377: 6359:510173769.swh.strato-hosting.eu 6347: 6329: 6311:www.nationalpark-schwarzwald.de 6299: 6269: 6239: 6209: 6184: 6178: 6036:(in German). 24 February 2020. 6022: 5990: 5964: 5938: 5916:"Die Wirtschaft im Schwarzwald" 5908: 5878: 5848: 5823: 5791: 5761: 5735: 5709: 5680: 5505: 5451: 5423: 5394: 4606:and the Forest Glass Centre in 1776:needs additional citations for 1314:The Southeastern Black Forest ( 1307:and the low hills north of the 1243:Grindenschwarzwald und Enzhöhen 7181:Herbert Schnierle-Lutz (ed.): 7111: 6939:Das große Buch vom Schwarzwald 6930: 6896:. Cambridge University Press. 6281:www.schwarzwald-tourismus.info 5922:(in German). 10 October 2008. 5376: 5346: 5328:www.schwarzwald-tourismus.info 5316: 5300: 5282:www.schwarzwald-tourismus.info 5270: 5240: 5225: 5173: 4719:, upper reservoir of the Wehr 3535:at the Vogtsbauernhof farm in 3470:), Oberkirch–Freiburg (5 days) 3440:(long-distance path, 5–6 days) 2516:. The Black Forest variety of 2353:(1872) by Black Forest artist 2024:Since the downfaulting of the 1867:Topography of the Black Forest 1216:river system, into individual 1: 6747:"German Clock Route Location" 6160:schwarzwaldregion-freiburg.de 5236:. Lonely Planet. p. 480. 5186: 4752:pumped storage power stations 4748:run-of-the-river power plants 4690: 4610:, which is open to visitors. 4431:, the Himmlich Heer Pit near 4427:, the Silbergründle Pit near 4092: 3922:on the Black Forest Railway. 3875:through the Kander valley to 3454:Freiburg-Lake Constance Trail 3396:Querweg Gengenbach-Alpirsbach 3146:, the former county towns of 2653:Fastnacht in the Black Forest 2442:In the field of handicrafts, 2418: 2081:(piedmont benchlands) on it. 1577:(86 kilometres; 53 mi), 1407:1,493 m above 1272:and the upper reaches of the 1011:Northern Black Forest Valleys 849:Bundesanstalt für Landeskunde 824:and subsequently between the 596:and hill country west of the 49:View from the Hohfelsen near 21:Black Forest (disambiguation) 8359:Regions of Baden-Württemberg 6529:, retrieved 12 October 2011. 6517:Schwarzwald Tourismus GmbH: 6506:, retrieved 3 September 2013 5354:"Schwarzwald Röschenschanze" 5252:www.schwarzwald-reiseinfo.de 4785:Notable people and residents 4779:Renewable Energy Sources Act 4471:, the Finstergrund Pit near 4467:, the Teufelsgrund Pit near 4463:, the Schauinsland Pit near 4374:("God's Great Blessing") in 4122:Building, Dwelling, Thinking 4013:, and the Schauinsland; the 3533:Black Forest Open Air Museum 3525:Black Forest Open Air Museum 3004:in the Northern Black Forest 2871:pulling a sled in the winter 2606:Slice of a Black Forest Cake 2413:A Gutach family, painted by 1915:are remains of this period. 1723:with the other lakes of the 1695:Important lakes of natural, 1547:(105 kilometres; 65 mi) 1394: 1264:, the middle reaches of the 1196:The Black Forest Foothills ( 788:and Kinzig tributary of the 560: 503:Louis William of Baden-Baden 78:1,493 m (4,898 ft) 28:Schwarzwald (disambiguation) 7: 7125: 7033:Economy, geology and mining 5479:Alemannisches Jahrbuch 1959 5102: 4935:, the region's biggest city 4812:(1839–1924), German painter 4482: 4423:, the Hella Glück Pit near 3606:Black Forest Costume Museum 3506:Museums in the Black Forest 3392:Gengenbach-Alpirsbach Trail 3312:), the Park of All Senses ( 3288:European long-distance path 2446:produces folk art like the 2084: 1918: 1681:(25 kilometres; 16 mi) 1669:(30 kilometres; 19 mi) 1663:(31 kilometres; 19 mi) 1657:(32 kilometres; 20 mi) 1651:(37 kilometres; 23 mi) 1625:(54 kilometres; 34 mi) 1619:(55 kilometres; 34 mi) 1613:(56 kilometres; 35 mi) 1607:(57 kilometres; 35 mi) 1601:(79 kilometres; 49 mi) 1593:(40 kilometres; 25 mi) 1587:(46 kilometres; 29 mi) 1565:(91 kilometres; 57 mi) 1559:(90 kilometres; 56 mi) 1553:(93 kilometres; 58 mi) 1256:, the middle course of the 509:(Alexander's Redoubt), the 10: 8375: 8238:Thuringian Slate Mountains 7380:Other tourist destinations 7197: 7160: 6890:Heidegger, Martin (2002). 6570:Bachmann, Günther (1996). 5974:. Michelin. Archived from 5773:onlinesammlung.freiburg.de 5535:Major natural region units 5278:"Gersbacher Barockschanze" 5147:(Black Forest Association) 4851: 4617: 4586:boilers—further processed 4578:) built their wood piles ( 4531:industry, as construction 4048:(60 km (37 mi), 3941:, whose head office is in 3793:Baden Black Forest Railway 3548:which dates back to 1612. 3434:, 2–3 days, premium trail) 3095:One often visited town is 2926: 2841:Black Forest National Park 2791:Black Forest National Park 2787:Central/North Black Forest 2690: 2544:) pastry, is also common. 2500: 2450:along with sculptors like 2383:Black Forest landscape by 2368:Black Forest landscape by 2171: 2077:and modeled his theory of 1887:. Later during the Middle 1756: 1645:43 kilometres; 27 mi) 1635:49 kilometres; 30 mi) 1398: 418:, after the Celtic deity, 362: 325:. It is the source of the 25: 18: 8310: 8214:Teutoburg Forest (Osning) 7610: 7547: 7519: 7488: 7481: 7430: 7402:Furtwangen im Schwarzwald 7379: 7348: 7145:Ulrike Klugmann (Hrsg.): 6749:. Deutsche Uhrenstrasse. 5769:"Schwarzwald-Geschichten" 5401:Gradmann, Robert (1931). 4841:, where he wrote most of 4799:Simplicius Simplicissimus 4389:in the Rankach valley in 4140: 4136:Economy and craftsmanship 3777:Ottenhöfen im Schwarzwald 3689:The Gutach bridge on the 3458:Querweg Freiburg-Bodensee 3450:) (circular walk, 5 days) 3209:as well as the abbeys of 2765:(highest mountain of the 2747: 2611: 2429: 2256:weigh up to 5 kilograms. 2002:near Baden-Baden). Thick 1110:Southeastern Black Forest 777:glacial relief. The term 759:line of the Kinzig valley 426:), it was given the name 251: 239: 234: 220: 181: 171: 161: 147: 142: 134: 126: 121: 82: 72: 62: 57: 42: 37: 16:Mountain range in Germany 7724:Elbe Sandstone Mountains 7616:Anterior Bavarian Forest 6590:www.schwarzwaldverein.de 6502:11 November 2013 at the 5512:Breunig, Thomas (1998). 5166: 5117:Baden-Württemberg portal 4687:'s school in Pforzheim. 3807:since 1873, running via 3677:during summer weekends. 3408:, circular walk, 3 days) 3378:) Pforzheim-Schaffhausen 2875: 2816:Naturpark Südschwarzwald 2234:with the characteristic 2160:. The Titisee formed as 1249:Nördliche Talschwarzwald 663:Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald 371:The Black Forest on the 336:Its highest peak is the 130:160 km (99 mi) 7277:Encyclopædia Britannica 7166:Jürgen Lodemann (ed.): 6792:. The Radcliffe Press. 6586:"Der Schwarzwaldverein" 6525:10 October 2012 at the 6429:www.badische-zeitung.de 5207:Encyclopedia Britannica 4699:The Straßerhof Mill in 4264:was being mined by the 4080:history of the region. 3448:Baiersbronner Seensteig 3428:Gernsbach Circular Walk 3420:(5 days, premium trail) 3414:(circular walk, 4 days) 3200:European Golden Village 2803:environmental education 2686: 2634:, or the Monday before 2561:Schwarzwald Hotel Adler 2458:are a popular example. 2336:Frühling im Schwarzwald 2217:Traditional costume or 2020:Uplift of the mountains 1735:Kleine Kinzig Reservoir 1731:Schwarzenbach Reservoir 1420:(1,415 m) and the 1317:Südöstliche Schwarzwald 1200:Schwarzwald-Randplatten 728:South German Scarplands 602:South German Scarplands 543:. On 26 December 1999, 496:military fortifications 8011:North Palatine Uplands 7371:Villingen-Schwenningen 7203:Barnes, K. J. (2007). 7168:Schwarzwaldgeschichten 6994:Max Scheifele (2004), 6867:. Plato.stanford.edu. 6545:Erlebniswelt Mummelsee 6482:Deutscher Wetterdienst 6187:"Aufgaben & Ziele" 6096:"Vermutliche Herkunft" 5972:"Michelin Restaurants" 5475:Alemannisches Institut 5403:Einzelnen Landschaften 4724: 4721:pumped storage station 4704: 4632: 4527:rivers for use in the 4504: 4447:, the Wenzel Pit near 4256:(as red pigment) near 4150: 4088: 3966: 3961:: famous "Windbuchen" 3693: 3652:Black Forest High Road 3528: 3444:Baiersbronn Lake Trail 3347:Notable hiking trails 3309:Barfußpark Dornstetten 3272:Black Forest High Road 3251: 3030:Kunstpfad am Mummelsee 3005: 2969: 2944: 2872: 2852:between the cities of 2770: 2702: 2618:The German holiday of 2439: 2290: 2110:Ice age and topography 2092: 2004: 1868: 1743:electricity generation 1475: 1460: 1391: 1372: 1342: 1316: 1288: 1248: 1242: 1199: 1193: 1139:Villingen-Schwenningen 921:Black Forest Foothills 848: 753: 717: 705: 573: 442: 428: 412: 407: 400: 391: 388:Black Forest farmhouse 380: 373: 283:[ˈʃvaʁt͡svalt] 278: 8250:Upper Palatine Forest 8124:Geiersberg (Breitsol) 7693:(Prussian) Velmerstot 6217:"BfN: National Parks" 5948:. European Cuisines. 4710: 4698: 4649:precision engineering 4627: 4608:Gersbach (Schopfheim) 4490: 4148: 4086: 4046:Schwarzwaldhochstraße 4023:All Saints Waterfalls 3956: 3939:Schwarzwald Tourismus 3912:Wutach Valley Railway 3881:Wiesen Valley Railway 3865:Kander Valley Railway 3829:Kinzig Valley Railway 3714:Nagold Valley Railway 3688: 3671:mountain-racing route 3518: 3386:Querweg Rottweil-Lahr 3314:Park mit allen Sinnen 3245: 2995: 2974:Schwarzwald Tourismus 2967: 2960:Tourism and transport 2954:temperature inversion 2938: 2866: 2767:Northern Black Forest 2760: 2721:. During the ensuing 2700: 2437: 2040:, which dates to the 1866: 1466: 1451: 1436:(1,284.4 m) and 1382: 1286: 1208:in the north and the 1191: 771:Southern Black Forest 763:Northern Black Forest 744: 568: 397: 386: 370: 8279:Paschenburg Mountain 7848:Brocken (Blocksberg) 7356:Freiburg im Breisgau 7327:: Greater region of 7271:"Black Forest" 7213:. Karlsruhe: Braun. 6831:. Mitpress.mit.edu. 6697:2 April 2015 at the 5743:"Schwarzwaldwichtel" 5717:"Schwarzwaldwichtel" 5524:on 19 December 2014. 5437:. 1974. p. 32. 5390:on 10 February 2012. 5311:Ammianus Marcellinus 5307:Tabula Peutingeriana 4915:, popular year-round 4302:German Peasants' War 4130:Off The Beaten Track 3898:branches off at the 3849:Freiburg im Breisgau 3781:Rench Valley Railway 3769:Acher Valley Railway 3610:Haslach im Kinzigtal 3527:in the Gutach valley 3369:) Pforzheim-Waldshut 3337:cross-country skiing 3322:Black Forest Railway 3262:downhill ski run of 3172:Freiburg im Breisgau 3156:Haslach im Kinzigtal 2919:Western capercaillie 2894:the giant earthworm 2719:Grand Duchy of Baden 2191:Black Forest gâteaus 2185:with their sweeping 1875:on top of a core of 1785:improve this article 1058:Central Black Forest 769:and the much higher 767:Central Black Forest 580:in the south to the 541:series of windstorms 481:German Peasants' War 375:Tabula Peutingeriana 106:47.87861°N 8.01111°E 7729:Großer Zschirnstein 7209:Bremke, N. (1999). 7152:Hans-Peter Schaub: 6786:Ken Barnes (2007). 6674:1 June 2022 at the 6539:muellerwerbung_wp. 6491:20 May 2008 at the 5637:(pdf, 10,1 MB) 5520:(1). Archived from 5156:Black Forest gateau 5151:German Clock Museum 5003:Murg Valley Railway 4723:(emptied, May 2008) 4397:and was smelted in 4237:is only found near 4165:, about 700–1000 g 3981:(the birth town of 3896:Three Lakes Railway 3757:Murg Valley Railway 3716:from Pforzheim via 3572:German Phono Museum 3553:German Clock Museum 3541:Black Forest houses 3490:), also Main Path ( 3382:Rottweil-Lahr Trail 3348: 3296:Black Forest Club ( 3184:Zell am Harmersbach 2988:Tourist attractions 2889:Hinterwälder cattle 2885:Black Forest cattle 2869:Black Forest Horses 2799:sustainable tourism 2594:A Black Forest cake 2510:Black Forest gâteau 2438:German cuckoo clock 2268:Traditionally, the 2232:Gutach im Kinzigtal 2213:Traditional costume 2038:Kaiserstuhl volcano 1643:Menzenschwander Alb 1373:Weitenauer Bergland 201: / 102: / 8243:Großer Farmdenkopf 8142:Lusatian Mountains 7819:Gladenbach Uplands 7787:Sieben-Linden-Berg 7482:Neighbouring areas 7468:Triberg Waterfalls 6705:dated 28 June 2010 6486:Kartenbeschreibung 6343:on 13 August 2007. 6106:on 8 December 2020 5804:Schwarzwälder Bote 5621:(pdf, 6,8 MB) 5605:(pdf, 9,6 MB) 5589:(pdf, 9,0 MB) 5573:(pdf, 8,9 MB) 5557:(pdf, 9,9 MB) 5071:Paragliding above 4725: 4705: 4633: 4505: 4404:Compared with the 4304:(1524–26) and the 4191:Krunkelbach valley 4189:discovered in the 4151: 4107:Triberg Waterfalls 4089: 4087:Black Forest track 4074:German Clock Route 4027:Triberg Waterfalls 3967: 3949:Points of interest 3853:Münstertal Railway 3839:peels off towards 3837:Elz Valley Railway 3745:Alb Valley Railway 3702:Enz Valley Railway 3694: 3621:Nature and science 3615:Heinrich Hansjakob 3583:Schüttesäge Museum 3529: 3511:Culture and crafts 3346: 3252: 3042:Triberg Waterfalls 3006: 2970: 2945: 2906:Black Forest Horse 2897:Lumbricus badensis 2873: 2771: 2753:Conservation areas 2703: 2440: 2183:typical farmhouses 2026:Upper Rhine Graben 1988:accretionary wedge 1899:. During the last 1869: 1520:continental divide 1476: 1461: 1392: 1289: 1194: 754: 700:Upper Rhine Graben 689:Geomorphologically 574: 477:Bundschuh movement 422:. In Roman times ( 408: 392: 381: 58:Highest point 8321: 8320: 8226:Thuringian Forest 8071:Rothaar Mountains 7920:Lauensteiner Kopf 7855:Hildesheim Forest 7795:Franconian Forest 7760:Fichtel Mountains 7569: 7568: 7565: 7564: 7236:978-3-940788-16-0 7191:978-3-89850-213-9 7176:978-3-940086-04-4 7156:. Mannheim, 2001. 7117:Richard Schmidt: 7050:978-88-12-65452-9 6682:date 24 July 2012 6398:Black Forest Stud 6191:www.naturparke.de 6166:on 9 October 2020 5920:Schwarzwaldportal 5841:978-3-937345-56-7 5749:on 23 August 2017 5723:on 23 August 2017 5673:978-3-540-31060-0 5435:Kohlhammer Verlag 5324:"Schwedenschanze" 5145:Schwarzwaldverein 5088:Graf-Eberhard-Bad 4756:Schwarzenbach Dam 4637:industrialization 4306:Thirty Years' War 4103:Otto von Bismarck 3889:Zell im Wiesental 3845:Höllental Railway 3827:. In Hausach the 3691:Höllental Railway 3681:Railway transport 3660:German Clock Road 3503: 3502: 3474:Two Valleys Trail 3432:Gernsbacher Runde 3360:) Pforzheim–Basel 3341:Black Forest Club 3298:Schwarzwaldverein 2642:Fastnacht gallery 2334:Arnold Lyongrün: 2187:half-hipped roofs 2164:behind a glacial 1897:Upper Rhine Plain 1861: 1860: 1853: 1835: 1324:headstreams, the 1186: 1185: 1151:High Black Forest 779:High Black Forest 732:metamorphic rocks 723:-like landforms. 641:; in the middle: 629:). In the north: 586:Upper Rhine Plain 313:, bounded by the 307:Baden-Württemberg 267: 266: 183:Range coordinates 176:Baden-Württemberg 111:47.87861; 8.01111 8366: 8344:Horsts (geology) 8316: 8153:Zittau Mountains 8083:Saalhausen Hills 7939:Kaufungen Forest 7748:Elster Mountains 7596: 7589: 7582: 7573: 7572: 7550: 7522: 7491: 7486: 7485: 7422:Waldshut-Tiengen 7412:Titisee-Neustadt 7323: 7321: 7320: 7309: 7302: 7295: 7286: 7285: 7281: 7273: 7240: 7211:Schwarzwald quer 7106: 7096: 7086: 7058:Eberhard Gothein 7053: 7027: 7008: 6989: 6977:Edition Morstadt 6970: 6951: 6920: 6919: 6917: 6915: 6887: 6881: 6880: 6878: 6876: 6861: 6855: 6854: 6852: 6850: 6822: 6816: 6815: 6813: 6811: 6783: 6777: 6776: 6770: 6762: 6760: 6758: 6742: 6736: 6735: 6733: 6731: 6712: 6706: 6703:Badische Zeitung 6689: 6683: 6664: 6658: 6657: 6655: 6653: 6637: 6631: 6630: 6628: 6626: 6612: 6606: 6605: 6603: 6601: 6582: 6576: 6575: 6567: 6561: 6560: 6558: 6556: 6536: 6530: 6513: 6507: 6475: 6469: 6468: 6451: 6445: 6444: 6442: 6440: 6420: 6414: 6413: 6411: 6409: 6390: 6384: 6381: 6375: 6374: 6372: 6370: 6351: 6345: 6344: 6333: 6327: 6326: 6324: 6322: 6303: 6297: 6296: 6294: 6292: 6273: 6267: 6266: 6264: 6262: 6243: 6237: 6236: 6234: 6232: 6213: 6207: 6206: 6204: 6202: 6182: 6176: 6175: 6173: 6171: 6162:. Archived from 6152: 6146: 6145: 6143: 6141: 6136:on 27 March 2020 6132:. Archived from 6122: 6116: 6115: 6113: 6111: 6102:. Archived from 6092: 6083: 6082: 6080: 6078: 6069:. Archived from 6059: 6050: 6049: 6047: 6045: 6026: 6020: 6019: 6017: 6015: 6006:. Archived from 5994: 5988: 5987: 5985: 5983: 5968: 5962: 5961: 5959: 5957: 5942: 5936: 5935: 5933: 5931: 5912: 5906: 5905: 5903: 5901: 5882: 5876: 5875: 5873: 5871: 5852: 5846: 5845: 5827: 5821: 5820: 5818: 5816: 5795: 5789: 5788: 5786: 5784: 5765: 5759: 5758: 5756: 5754: 5739: 5733: 5732: 5730: 5728: 5713: 5707: 5706: 5684: 5678: 5677: 5659: 5653: 5644: 5638: 5628: 5622: 5612: 5606: 5596: 5590: 5580: 5574: 5564: 5558: 5548: 5542: 5532: 5526: 5525: 5518:Naturschutz-Info 5509: 5503: 5502: 5492: 5483: 5482: 5470: 5464: 5463: 5455: 5449: 5448: 5431:Allgemeiner Teil 5427: 5421: 5420: 5398: 5392: 5391: 5380: 5374: 5373: 5371: 5369: 5350: 5344: 5343: 5341: 5339: 5320: 5314: 5304: 5298: 5297: 5295: 5293: 5274: 5268: 5267: 5265: 5263: 5244: 5238: 5237: 5229: 5223: 5222: 5220: 5218: 5199: 5180: 5177: 5161:Black Forest ham 5139:Hercynian Forest 5133: 5128: 5127: 5119: 5114: 5113: 5112: 5083: 5068: 5054: 5040: 5028: 5013: 4998: 4975: 4960: 4944: 4924: 4908: 4893: 4884:towards the Alps 4877: 4862: 4835:Martin Heidegger 4795:picaresque novel 4572:Charcoal burners 4441:Segen Gottes Pit 4286:High Middle Ages 4155:Schauinsland Pit 4128:, translated as 4114:Martin Heidegger 4097: 4094: 3965:bent by the wind 3916:Waldshut-Tiengen 3412:Hansjakob Way II 3349: 3345: 3225:Alpirsbach Abbey 2984:in many places. 2801:and to practice 2674: 2662: 2650: 2603: 2591: 2579: 2553:Schwarzwaldstube 2549:Michelin starred 2506:Black Forest ham 2448:Longinus crosses 2423: 2420: 2415:Wilhelm Hasemann 2410: 2400:Wilhelm Hasemann 2395: 2380: 2365: 2347: 2331: 2317:Wilhelm Hasemann 2285: 2265: 2195:Black Forest ham 2154:Nonnenmattweiher 2097: 2053:Rotliegend Group 2007: 1960:microcontinental 1929:Bunter Sandstone 1909:tarns (or lakes) 1885:Vosges Mountains 1856: 1849: 1845: 1842: 1836: 1834: 1793: 1769: 1761: 1747:flood protection 1739:Nagold Reservoir 1529:(drained by the 1444:Rivers and lakes 1411: 1375: 1345: 1319: 1251: 1245: 1202: 1181:Titisee-Neustadt 1122: 1116: 1017: 994: 985: 979: 973: 927: 864: 863: 851: 722: 708: 659:Schwarzwald-Baar 653:; in the south: 606:Hercynian Forest 507:Alexanderschanze 447: 431: 417: 405: 378: 293: 292: 291: 285: 262:Bunter sandstone 224: 216: 215: 213: 212: 211: 206: 202: 199: 198: 197: 194: 153: 117: 116: 114: 113: 112: 107: 103: 100: 99: 98: 95: 47: 35: 34: 8374: 8373: 8369: 8368: 8367: 8365: 8364: 8363: 8324: 8323: 8322: 8317: 8308: 8231:Großer Beerberg 8207:Großer Feldberg 8047:Palatine Forest 7987:Lenne Mountains 7807:Franconian Jura 7651:Bavarian Forest 7640:Bohemian Forest 7606: 7603:Central Uplands 7600: 7570: 7561: 7548: 7543: 7520: 7515: 7489: 7477: 7426: 7375: 7344: 7318: 7316: 7313: 7268: 7265: 7257:English summary 7237: 7224: 7200: 7163: 7133:Nordschwarzwald 7128: 7114: 7100: 7090: 7084: 7071: 7051: 7038: 7035: 7025: 7012: 7006: 6993: 6987: 6974: 6968: 6955: 6949: 6936: 6933: 6928: 6923: 6913: 6911: 6904: 6888: 6884: 6874: 6872: 6863: 6862: 6858: 6848: 6846: 6839: 6823: 6819: 6809: 6807: 6800: 6784: 6780: 6764: 6763: 6756: 6754: 6743: 6739: 6729: 6727: 6726:on 8 March 2009 6720:The Independent 6714: 6713: 6709: 6699:Wayback Machine 6690: 6686: 6676:Wayback Machine 6665: 6661: 6651: 6649: 6638: 6634: 6624: 6622: 6614: 6613: 6609: 6599: 6597: 6584: 6583: 6579: 6568: 6564: 6554: 6552: 6537: 6533: 6527:Wayback Machine 6514: 6510: 6504:Wayback Machine 6493:Wayback Machine 6476: 6472: 6466: 6452: 6448: 6438: 6436: 6421: 6417: 6407: 6405: 6392: 6391: 6387: 6383:Lamparski, 1985 6382: 6378: 6368: 6366: 6353: 6352: 6348: 6335: 6334: 6330: 6320: 6318: 6305: 6304: 6300: 6290: 6288: 6275: 6274: 6270: 6260: 6258: 6245: 6244: 6240: 6230: 6228: 6215: 6214: 6210: 6200: 6198: 6183: 6179: 6169: 6167: 6154: 6153: 6149: 6139: 6137: 6124: 6123: 6119: 6109: 6107: 6094: 6093: 6086: 6076: 6074: 6073:on 16 July 2020 6063:"Cego – Regeln" 6061: 6060: 6053: 6043: 6041: 6028: 6027: 6023: 6013: 6011: 6010:on 21 June 2011 5996: 5995: 5991: 5981: 5979: 5978:on 23 June 2011 5970: 5969: 5965: 5955: 5953: 5944: 5943: 5939: 5929: 5927: 5914: 5913: 5909: 5899: 5897: 5884: 5883: 5879: 5869: 5867: 5854: 5853: 5849: 5842: 5828: 5824: 5814: 5812: 5797: 5796: 5792: 5782: 5780: 5767: 5766: 5762: 5752: 5750: 5741: 5740: 5736: 5726: 5724: 5715: 5714: 5710: 5685: 5681: 5674: 5660: 5656: 5645: 5641: 5629: 5625: 5613: 5609: 5597: 5593: 5581: 5577: 5565: 5561: 5549: 5545: 5541:) (pdf, 3.1 MB) 5533: 5529: 5510: 5506: 5493: 5486: 5471: 5467: 5456: 5452: 5445: 5429: 5428: 5424: 5417: 5399: 5395: 5382: 5381: 5377: 5367: 5365: 5352: 5351: 5347: 5337: 5335: 5322: 5321: 5317: 5305: 5301: 5291: 5289: 5276: 5275: 5271: 5261: 5259: 5246: 5245: 5241: 5230: 5226: 5216: 5214: 5201: 5200: 5193: 5189: 5184: 5183: 5178: 5174: 5169: 5129: 5122: 5115: 5110: 5108: 5105: 5098: 5084: 5075: 5069: 5060: 5055: 5046: 5041: 5032: 5029: 5020: 5014: 5005: 4999: 4990: 4976: 4967: 4961: 4952: 4945: 4936: 4925: 4916: 4909: 4900: 4894: 4885: 4878: 4869: 4863: 4854: 4787: 4772:Wehra Reservoir 4758:. In 1932, the 4693: 4622: 4616: 4568: 4485: 4415:There are many 4378:-Schnellingen. 4143: 4138: 4095: 3951: 3935: 3904:Windgfällweiher 3683: 3644: 3639: 3623: 3513: 3508: 3438:Schluchtensteig 3402:Hansjakob Way I 3333:mountain biking 3326:Schluchtensteig 3284: 3233:Wittichen Abbey 3227:and the ruined 3129:Neo-renaissance 2990: 2962: 2929: 2916:the endangered 2878: 2755: 2750: 2723:Napoleonic Wars 2715:Further Austria 2707:tarot card game 2695: 2689: 2682: 2675: 2666: 2663: 2654: 2651: 2616: 2607: 2604: 2595: 2592: 2583: 2580: 2571:Cuisine gallery 2532:or crêpe-like ( 2503: 2452:Matthias Faller 2432: 2425: 2421: 2411: 2402: 2396: 2387: 2381: 2372: 2366: 2357: 2348: 2339: 2332: 2293: 2286: 2277: 2266: 2215: 2197:, Black Forest 2174: 2112: 2087: 2079:piedmonttreppen 2068:Geomorphologist 2022: 1978:near Todtmoos, 1956:Forbach Granite 1921: 1905:Würm glaciation 1857: 1846: 1840: 1837: 1794: 1792: 1782: 1770: 1759: 1446: 1409:sea level (NHN) 1406: 1403: 1397: 1343:Hochschwarzwald 1303:as well as the 1240:and Enz Hills ( 1179: 1120: 1114: 1094: 1042: 1015: 992: 983: 977: 971: 955: 925: 911: 909: 904: 902: 897: 892: 887: 885: 874: 870:Natural region 839: 802:Bonndorf Graben 683:natural regions 679: 677:Natural regions 563: 519:Swedish Redoubt 515:Schwedenschanze 458:Kinzigtalstraße 365: 287: 286: 246:Central Uplands 222: 209: 207: 203: 200: 195: 192: 190: 188: 187: 157: 156: 110: 108: 104: 101: 96: 93: 91: 89: 88: 53: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8372: 8362: 8361: 8356: 8351: 8346: 8341: 8336: 8319: 8318: 8311: 8309: 8307: 8306: 8294: 8282: 8270: 8258: 8246: 8234: 8222: 8210: 8198: 8174: 8162: 8127: 8115: 8103: 8091: 8079: 8067: 8055: 8043: 8031: 8019: 8007: 7995: 7983: 7971: 7959: 7947: 7935: 7923: 7911: 7887: 7884:Kasseler Kuppe 7875: 7863: 7851: 7839: 7831:Goshawk Forest 7827: 7815: 7803: 7791: 7756: 7744: 7732: 7720: 7711:Volcanic Eifel 7696: 7688:Egge Mountains 7684: 7676:Ebbe Mountains 7672: 7660: 7636: 7624: 7611: 7608: 7607: 7599: 7598: 7591: 7584: 7576: 7567: 7566: 7563: 7562: 7560: 7559: 7553: 7551: 7545: 7544: 7542: 7541: 7536: 7531: 7525: 7523: 7517: 7516: 7514: 7513: 7508: 7500: 7494: 7492: 7483: 7479: 7478: 7476: 7475: 7470: 7465: 7460: 7455: 7450: 7445: 7440: 7434: 7432: 7428: 7427: 7425: 7424: 7419: 7414: 7409: 7404: 7399: 7394: 7389: 7383: 7381: 7377: 7376: 7374: 7373: 7368: 7363: 7358: 7352: 7350: 7346: 7345: 7312: 7311: 7304: 7297: 7289: 7283: 7282: 7264: 7263:External links 7261: 7260: 7259: 7241: 7235: 7222: 7207: 7199: 7196: 7195: 7194: 7179: 7162: 7159: 7158: 7157: 7150: 7143: 7140:Südschwarzwald 7136: 7127: 7124: 7123: 7122: 7113: 7110: 7109: 7108: 7098: 7088: 7082: 7069: 7055: 7049: 7034: 7031: 7030: 7029: 7023: 7010: 7004: 6991: 6985: 6972: 6966: 6953: 6947: 6932: 6929: 6927: 6924: 6922: 6921: 6902: 6882: 6856: 6837: 6817: 6798: 6778: 6737: 6707: 6684: 6680:Spiegel Online 6659: 6632: 6607: 6577: 6562: 6531: 6508: 6470: 6464: 6446: 6415: 6385: 6376: 6346: 6328: 6298: 6268: 6238: 6208: 6177: 6147: 6117: 6100:cego-online.de 6084: 6051: 6021: 6003:Michelin Guide 5989: 5963: 5937: 5907: 5877: 5847: 5840: 5822: 5790: 5760: 5734: 5708: 5697:(4): 294–305. 5679: 5672: 5654: 5639: 5623: 5607: 5591: 5575: 5559: 5543: 5527: 5504: 5484: 5465: 5450: 5443: 5422: 5415: 5409:. p. 85. 5393: 5375: 5345: 5315: 5299: 5269: 5239: 5234:Western Europe 5224: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5182: 5181: 5171: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5164: 5163: 5158: 5153: 5148: 5142: 5135: 5134: 5120: 5104: 5101: 5100: 5099: 5092:Palais Thermal 5085: 5078: 5076: 5070: 5063: 5061: 5056: 5049: 5047: 5042: 5035: 5033: 5030: 5023: 5021: 5015: 5008: 5006: 5000: 4993: 4991: 4977: 4970: 4968: 4962: 4955: 4953: 4946: 4939: 4937: 4926: 4919: 4917: 4910: 4903: 4901: 4895: 4888: 4886: 4880:View from the 4879: 4872: 4870: 4864: 4857: 4853: 4850: 4849: 4848: 4844:Being and Time 4832: 4823: 4813: 4803: 4786: 4783: 4768:Hornberg Basin 4764:Schluchseewerk 4713:Hornberg Basin 4692: 4689: 4618:Main article: 4615: 4612: 4567: 4564: 4484: 4481: 4274:Münster valley 4169:/ton of lead; 4142: 4139: 4137: 4134: 3950: 3947: 3934: 3933:Administration 3931: 3927:heritage lines 3825:Donaueschingen 3805:Lake Constance 3726:Horb am Neckar 3682: 3679: 3648:holiday routes 3643: 3642:Road transport 3640: 3638: 3637:Infrastructure 3635: 3622: 3619: 3595:timber rafting 3546:Vogtsbauernhof 3544:featuring the 3523:(1612) of the 3521:Vogtsbauernhof 3512: 3509: 3507: 3504: 3501: 3500: 3499: 3498: 3492:Hauptwanderweg 3481: 3478:Zweitälersteig 3471: 3468:Kandelhöhenweg 3464:Kandel Ridgway 3461: 3451: 3441: 3435: 3423: 3422: 3421: 3415: 3409: 3406:Hansjakobweg I 3399: 3389: 3379: 3370: 3361: 3283: 3280: 3211:Sankt Trudpert 3137:Palais Thermal 3125:Central Europe 3117:Bad Liebenzell 2989: 2986: 2961: 2958: 2939:Winter on the 2928: 2925: 2924: 2923: 2914: 2901: 2892: 2877: 2874: 2773:There are two 2754: 2751: 2749: 2746: 2691:Main article: 2688: 2685: 2684: 2683: 2681:(Black Forest) 2676: 2669: 2667: 2664: 2657: 2655: 2652: 2645: 2643: 2615: 2610: 2609: 2608: 2605: 2598: 2596: 2593: 2586: 2584: 2581: 2574: 2572: 2502: 2499: 2431: 2428: 2427: 2426: 2412: 2405: 2403: 2397: 2390: 2388: 2382: 2375: 2373: 2367: 2360: 2358: 2349: 2342: 2340: 2333: 2326: 2324: 2292: 2289: 2288: 2287: 2280: 2278: 2267: 2260: 2214: 2211: 2173: 2170: 2111: 2108: 2086: 2083: 2021: 2018: 1920: 1917: 1901:glacial period 1859: 1858: 1800:"Black Forest" 1773: 1771: 1764: 1758: 1755: 1751:drinking water 1726:Schluchseewerk 1693: 1692: 1682: 1676: 1670: 1664: 1658: 1652: 1646: 1636: 1626: 1620: 1614: 1608: 1602: 1596: 1595: 1594: 1588: 1572: 1566: 1560: 1554: 1548: 1527:drainage basin 1524:Atlantic Ocean 1445: 1442: 1396: 1393: 1293:catchment area 1184: 1183: 1173: 1171: 1168: 1165: 1162: 1159: 1156: 1153: 1148: 1144: 1143: 1141: 1136: 1133: 1130: 1127: 1124: 1118: 1112: 1107: 1103: 1102: 1080: 1078: 1075: 1072: 1069: 1066: 1063: 1060: 1055: 1051: 1050: 1036: 1034: 1031: 1028: 1025: 1022: 1019: 1013: 1008: 1004: 1003: 1001: 999: 996: 990: 987: 981: 975: 969: 964: 960: 959: 949: 944: 941: 938: 935: 932: 929: 923: 918: 914: 913: 906: 899: 894: 889: 882: 879: 876: 871: 868: 838: 835: 706:Talschwarzwald 678: 675: 608:of antiquity. 562: 559: 545:Cyclone Lothar 511:Röschenschanze 429:Silva Marciana 424:Late antiquity 364: 361: 299:mountain range 265: 264: 255: 249: 248: 243: 237: 236: 232: 231: 226: 218: 217: 205:48.25°N 8.05°E 185: 179: 178: 173: 169: 168: 163: 159: 158: 154: 148: 145: 144: 140: 139: 136: 132: 131: 128: 124: 123: 119: 118: 86: 80: 79: 76: 70: 69: 64: 60: 59: 55: 54: 48: 40: 39: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8371: 8360: 8357: 8355: 8352: 8350: 8347: 8345: 8342: 8340: 8337: 8335: 8332: 8331: 8329: 8315: 8305: 8304: 8300: 8299: 8295: 8293: 8292: 8288: 8287: 8283: 8281: 8280: 8276: 8275: 8271: 8269: 8268: 8264: 8263: 8259: 8257: 8256: 8252: 8251: 8247: 8245: 8244: 8240: 8239: 8235: 8233: 8232: 8228: 8227: 8223: 8221: 8220: 8216: 8215: 8211: 8209: 8208: 8204: 8203: 8199: 8196: 8195: 8191: 8190: 8185: 8184: 8180: 8179: 8175: 8173: 8172: 8168: 8167: 8163: 8160: 8159: 8158:Lausche (Luž) 8155: 8154: 8149: 8148: 8147:Lausche (Luž) 8144: 8143: 8138: 8137: 8136:Lausche (Luž) 8133: 8132: 8128: 8126: 8125: 8121: 8120: 8116: 8114: 8113: 8109: 8108: 8104: 8102: 8101: 8100:Großer Ölberg 8097: 8096: 8095:Siebengebirge 8092: 8090: 8089: 8085: 8084: 8080: 8078: 8077: 8073: 8072: 8068: 8066: 8065: 8061: 8060: 8056: 8054: 8053: 8049: 8048: 8044: 8042: 8041: 8037: 8036: 8035:Ore Mountains 8032: 8030: 8029: 8025: 8024: 8020: 8018: 8017: 8013: 8012: 8008: 8006: 8005: 8001: 8000: 7999:Lippe Uplands 7996: 7994: 7993: 7989: 7988: 7984: 7982: 7981: 7977: 7976: 7972: 7970: 7969: 7965: 7964: 7960: 7958: 7957: 7953: 7952: 7948: 7946: 7945: 7941: 7940: 7936: 7934: 7933: 7929: 7928: 7924: 7922: 7921: 7917: 7916: 7912: 7909: 7908: 7904: 7903: 7898: 7897: 7893: 7892: 7888: 7886: 7885: 7881: 7880: 7879:Hoher Meißner 7876: 7874: 7873: 7869: 7868: 7864: 7862: 7861: 7857: 7856: 7852: 7850: 7849: 7845: 7844: 7840: 7838: 7837: 7833: 7832: 7828: 7826: 7825: 7821: 7820: 7816: 7814: 7813: 7809: 7808: 7804: 7802: 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7310: 7305: 7303: 7298: 7296: 7291: 7290: 7287: 7279: 7278: 7272: 7267: 7266: 7258: 7254: 7250: 7246: 7242: 7238: 7232: 7228: 7223: 7220: 7219:3-7650-8228-7 7216: 7212: 7208: 7206: 7202: 7201: 7192: 7188: 7184: 7180: 7177: 7173: 7169: 7165: 7164: 7155: 7151: 7148: 7144: 7141: 7138:Adolf Hanle: 7137: 7134: 7131:Adolf Hanle: 7130: 7129: 7120: 7116: 7115: 7104: 7099: 7094: 7089: 7085: 7083:3-935129-10-6 7079: 7075: 7070: 7067: 7063: 7059: 7056: 7052: 7046: 7042: 7037: 7036: 7026: 7024:3-451-22658-8 7020: 7016: 7011: 7007: 7005:3-87181-010-X 7001: 6997: 6992: 6988: 6986:3-88571-172-9 6982: 6978: 6973: 6969: 6967:3-7826-0047-9 6963: 6959: 6954: 6950: 6948:3-8062-0819-0 6944: 6940: 6935: 6934: 6909: 6905: 6903:9780521805070 6899: 6895: 6894: 6886: 6870: 6866: 6860: 6844: 6840: 6838:9780262195515 6834: 6830: 6829: 6821: 6805: 6801: 6799:9781845112646 6795: 6791: 6790: 6782: 6774: 6768: 6752: 6748: 6741: 6725: 6721: 6717: 6711: 6704: 6700: 6696: 6693: 6688: 6681: 6677: 6673: 6670: 6669: 6663: 6647: 6643: 6636: 6621: 6617: 6611: 6595: 6591: 6587: 6581: 6573: 6566: 6550: 6547:(in German). 6546: 6542: 6535: 6528: 6524: 6521: 6520: 6512: 6505: 6501: 6498: 6494: 6490: 6487: 6483: 6479: 6474: 6467: 6465:3-7826-0047-9 6461: 6457: 6450: 6434: 6431:(in German). 6430: 6426: 6419: 6403: 6399: 6395: 6389: 6380: 6364: 6361:(in German). 6360: 6356: 6350: 6342: 6338: 6332: 6316: 6312: 6308: 6302: 6286: 6283:(in German). 6282: 6278: 6272: 6256: 6252: 6248: 6242: 6226: 6222: 6218: 6212: 6196: 6193:(in German). 6192: 6188: 6181: 6165: 6161: 6157: 6151: 6135: 6131: 6127: 6121: 6105: 6101: 6097: 6091: 6089: 6072: 6068: 6064: 6058: 6056: 6039: 6035: 6031: 6025: 6009: 6005: 6004: 5999: 5993: 5977: 5973: 5967: 5951: 5947: 5941: 5925: 5921: 5917: 5911: 5895: 5891: 5887: 5881: 5865: 5862:(in German). 5861: 5857: 5851: 5843: 5837: 5833: 5826: 5810: 5807:(in German). 5806: 5805: 5800: 5794: 5778: 5775:(in German). 5774: 5770: 5764: 5748: 5744: 5738: 5722: 5718: 5712: 5704: 5700: 5696: 5693:(in German). 5692: 5691: 5683: 5675: 5669: 5665: 5664:Geomorphology 5658: 5652: 5648: 5643: 5636: 5632: 5627: 5620: 5616: 5611: 5604: 5600: 5595: 5588: 5584: 5579: 5572: 5568: 5563: 5556: 5552: 5547: 5540: 5536: 5531: 5523: 5519: 5515: 5508: 5500: 5499: 5491: 5489: 5480: 5476: 5469: 5461: 5454: 5446: 5444:3-17-001835-3 5440: 5436: 5432: 5426: 5418: 5416:3-534-00124-9 5412: 5408: 5404: 5397: 5389: 5385: 5379: 5363: 5359: 5355: 5349: 5333: 5330:(in German). 5329: 5325: 5319: 5312: 5308: 5303: 5287: 5284:(in German). 5283: 5279: 5273: 5257: 5253: 5249: 5243: 5235: 5228: 5212: 5208: 5204: 5198: 5196: 5191: 5176: 5172: 5162: 5159: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5149: 5146: 5143: 5140: 5137: 5136: 5132: 5126: 5121: 5118: 5107: 5097: 5093: 5089: 5082: 5077: 5074: 5067: 5062: 5059: 5053: 5048: 5045: 5039: 5034: 5027: 5022: 5019: 5012: 5007: 5004: 4997: 4992: 4988: 4985:(now a youth 4984: 4980: 4974: 4969: 4966: 4959: 4954: 4950: 4943: 4938: 4934: 4930: 4923: 4918: 4914: 4907: 4902: 4899: 4892: 4887: 4883: 4876: 4871: 4868: 4861: 4856: 4855: 4847: 4845: 4840: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4827: 4824: 4821: 4817: 4816:Hermann Hesse 4814: 4811: 4807: 4804: 4801: 4800: 4796: 4792: 4789: 4788: 4782: 4780: 4775: 4773: 4769: 4765: 4761: 4757: 4753: 4749: 4744: 4742: 4738: 4734: 4730: 4722: 4718: 4714: 4709: 4702: 4697: 4688: 4686: 4682: 4677: 4675: 4671: 4667: 4663: 4659: 4655: 4650: 4646: 4645:cuckoo clocks 4642: 4638: 4630: 4626: 4621: 4611: 4609: 4605: 4601: 4597: 4593: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4573: 4563: 4562:for heating. 4561: 4557: 4552: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4538: 4534: 4530: 4526: 4522: 4518: 4514: 4510: 4502: 4498: 4494: 4489: 4480: 4478: 4474: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4458: 4454: 4450: 4446: 4442: 4438: 4434: 4430: 4426: 4422: 4418: 4413: 4411: 4410:Ore Mountains 4407: 4402: 4400: 4396: 4392: 4388: 4384: 4383:Wildschapbach 4379: 4377: 4373: 4369: 4365: 4361: 4357: 4353: 4349: 4345: 4340: 4338: 4334: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4313:Kinzig valley 4309: 4307: 4303: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4284:). Until the 4283: 4279: 4275: 4271: 4267: 4263: 4259: 4255: 4251: 4246: 4244: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4228: 4223: 4221: 4217: 4213: 4209: 4205: 4201: 4196: 4195:Menzenschwand 4192: 4188: 4184: 4180: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4147: 4133: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4119: 4118:Hannah Arendt 4115: 4110: 4108: 4104: 4099: 4085: 4081: 4079: 4075: 4071: 4070:Weil am Rhein 4067: 4063: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4043: 4038: 4036: 4033:of the River 4032: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3996: 3992: 3988: 3984: 3983:Hermann Hesse 3980: 3976: 3972: 3964: 3960: 3955: 3946: 3944: 3940: 3930: 3928: 3923: 3921: 3917: 3913: 3909: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3892: 3890: 3886: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3858: 3857:Bad Krozingen 3854: 3850: 3846: 3842: 3838: 3834: 3830: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3798: 3794: 3790: 3789:Bad Griesbach 3786: 3782: 3778: 3774: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3754: 3753:Bad Herrenalb 3750: 3746: 3741: 3739: 3735: 3731: 3727: 3723: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3692: 3687: 3678: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3667:motorcyclists 3663: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3649: 3634: 3632: 3628: 3618: 3616: 3611: 3607: 3602: 3600: 3596: 3592: 3588: 3584: 3579: 3577: 3573: 3568: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3554: 3549: 3547: 3542: 3539:has original 3538: 3534: 3526: 3522: 3517: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3482: 3479: 3475: 3472: 3469: 3465: 3462: 3459: 3455: 3452: 3449: 3445: 3442: 3439: 3436: 3433: 3429: 3426: 3425: 3424: 3419: 3416: 3413: 3410: 3407: 3403: 3400: 3397: 3393: 3390: 3387: 3383: 3380: 3377: 3376: 3371: 3368: 3367: 3362: 3359: 3358: 3353: 3352: 3351: 3350: 3344: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3329: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3310: 3305: 3301: 3299: 3292: 3289: 3282:Hiking trails 3279: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3249: 3244: 3240: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3203: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3160:Sasbachwalden 3157: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3140: 3138: 3134: 3133:Friedrichsbad 3130: 3126: 3122: 3121:Bad Bellingen 3118: 3114: 3113:Bad Krozingen 3110: 3106: 3105:Bad Herrenalb 3102: 3098: 3093: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3038:Kinzig valley 3035: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3003: 2999: 2994: 2985: 2983: 2982:Nordic skiing 2979: 2975: 2966: 2957: 2955: 2949: 2942: 2937: 2933: 2921: 2920: 2915: 2912: 2908: 2907: 2902: 2899: 2898: 2893: 2890: 2886: 2883: 2882: 2881: 2870: 2865: 2861: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2846:national park 2843: 2842: 2836: 2834: 2830: 2829: 2823: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2812: 2806: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2779:national park 2776: 2768: 2764: 2759: 2745: 2743: 2739: 2734: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2699: 2694: 2680: 2677:Fastnacht in 2673: 2668: 2661: 2656: 2649: 2644: 2641: 2640: 2639: 2637: 2636:Ash Wednesday 2633: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2614: 2602: 2597: 2590: 2585: 2578: 2573: 2570: 2569: 2568: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2545: 2543: 2542: 2541:Palatschinken 2537: 2536: 2531: 2527: 2526: 2521: 2520: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2498: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2463: 2459: 2457: 2456:Cuckoo clocks 2453: 2449: 2445: 2436: 2416: 2409: 2404: 2401: 2394: 2389: 2386: 2379: 2374: 2371: 2364: 2359: 2356: 2352: 2346: 2341: 2337: 2330: 2325: 2322: 2321: 2320: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2284: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2264: 2259: 2258: 2257: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2238: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2220: 2210: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2169: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2130:anthropogenic 2126: 2121: 2117: 2107: 2105: 2101: 2096: 2095: 2082: 2080: 2076: 2075:geologic dome 2072: 2071:Walther Penck 2069: 2065: 2063: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2017: 2015: 2011: 2006: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1972:serpentinites 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1952:Carboniferous 1949: 1944: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1916: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1865: 1855: 1852: 1844: 1841:November 2017 1833: 1830: 1826: 1823: 1819: 1816: 1812: 1809: 1805: 1802: – 1801: 1797: 1796:Find sources: 1790: 1786: 1780: 1779: 1774:This article 1772: 1768: 1763: 1762: 1754: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1741:are used for 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1727: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1690: 1686: 1683: 1680: 1677: 1674: 1671: 1668: 1665: 1662: 1659: 1656: 1653: 1650: 1647: 1644: 1640: 1637: 1634: 1630: 1627: 1624: 1621: 1618: 1615: 1612: 1609: 1606: 1603: 1600: 1597: 1592: 1589: 1586: 1583: 1582: 1580: 1576: 1573: 1570: 1567: 1564: 1561: 1558: 1555: 1552: 1549: 1546: 1543: 1542: 1541: 1538: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1490:rivers), the 1489: 1485: 1481: 1474: 1470: 1465: 1459: 1455: 1450: 1441: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1410: 1402: 1390: 1386: 1381: 1377: 1374: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1344: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1318: 1312: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1295:of the River 1294: 1285: 1281: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1250: 1244: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1201: 1190: 1182: 1177: 1174: 1172: 1169: 1166: 1163: 1160: 1157: 1154: 1152: 1149: 1146: 1145: 1142: 1140: 1137: 1134: 1131: 1128: 1125: 1119: 1113: 1111: 1108: 1105: 1104: 1101: 1097: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1081: 1079: 1076: 1073: 1070: 1067: 1064: 1061: 1059: 1056: 1053: 1052: 1049: 1045: 1040: 1037: 1035: 1032: 1029: 1026: 1023: 1020: 1014: 1012: 1009: 1006: 1005: 1002: 1000: 997: 991: 988: 982: 976: 970: 968: 965: 962: 961: 958: 953: 950: 948: 945: 942: 939: 936: 933: 930: 924: 922: 919: 916: 915: 907: 900: 895: 890: 883: 880: 877: 872: 869: 866: 865: 862: 858: 856: 852: 850: 844: 834: 831: 827: 823: 819: 815: 809: 807: 803: 799: 795: 791: 787: 782: 780: 776: 772: 768: 764: 760: 752: 748: 743: 739: 737: 733: 729: 724: 721: 720: 713: 709: 707: 701: 697: 694: 690: 686: 684: 674: 672: 668: 664: 660: 656: 652: 648: 644: 640: 636: 632: 628: 627: 622: 618: 614: 609: 607: 603: 599: 595: 591: 587: 583: 579: 572: 567: 558: 555: 551: 546: 542: 537: 535: 531: 527: 522: 520: 516: 512: 508: 504: 501: 497: 492: 490: 486: 482: 478: 473: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 446: 445: 439: 435: 430: 425: 421: 416: 415: 404: 403: 396: 389: 385: 377: 376: 369: 360: 358: 354: 349: 347: 343: 339: 334: 332: 328: 324: 320: 316: 312: 309:in southwest 308: 304: 300: 297: 294:) is a large 290: 284: 280: 276: 272: 263: 259: 256: 254: 250: 247: 244: 242: 238: 233: 230: 227: 225: 219: 214: 186: 184: 180: 177: 174: 170: 167: 164: 160: 152: 146: 141: 137: 133: 129: 125: 120: 115: 87: 85: 81: 77: 75: 71: 68: 65: 61: 56: 52: 46: 41: 36: 33: 29: 22: 8334:Black Forest 8301: 8298:Wiehen Hills 8296: 8289: 8284: 8277: 8272: 8265: 8260: 8253: 8248: 8241: 8236: 8229: 8224: 8217: 8212: 8205: 8200: 8194:Hoher Randen 8192: 8187: 8181: 8178:Swabian Jura 8176: 8169: 8164: 8156: 8151: 8145: 8140: 8134: 8129: 8122: 8117: 8110: 8105: 8098: 8093: 8086: 8081: 8074: 8069: 8062: 8057: 8050: 8045: 8038: 8033: 8028:Katzenbuckel 8026: 8021: 8014: 8009: 8002: 7997: 7990: 7985: 7978: 7973: 7966: 7961: 7954: 7949: 7942: 7937: 7930: 7925: 7918: 7913: 7905: 7900: 7894: 7889: 7882: 7877: 7870: 7865: 7858: 7853: 7846: 7841: 7834: 7829: 7822: 7817: 7810: 7805: 7798: 7793: 7785: 7780: 7774: 7769: 7763: 7758: 7753:Kapellenberg 7751: 7746: 7741:Eilumer Horn 7739: 7734: 7727: 7722: 7714: 7709: 7703: 7698: 7691: 7686: 7679: 7674: 7667: 7662: 7656:Großer Arber 7654: 7649: 7645:Großer Arber 7643: 7638: 7631: 7628:Black Forest 7627: 7626: 7619: 7614: 7504: 7473:River Wutach 7463:Black Forest 7462: 7458:Schauinsland 7448:Hölle Valley 7397:Freudenstadt 7349:Major cities 7337:Black Forest 7336: 7275: 7244: 7226: 7210: 7204: 7182: 7167: 7153: 7146: 7139: 7132: 7118: 7102: 7092: 7073: 7061: 7040: 7014: 6995: 6976: 6957: 6938: 6926:Bibliography 6912:. Retrieved 6892: 6885: 6873:. Retrieved 6859: 6847:. Retrieved 6827: 6820: 6808:. Retrieved 6788: 6781: 6755:. Retrieved 6740: 6728:. Retrieved 6724:the original 6719: 6710: 6702: 6687: 6679: 6667: 6662: 6650:. Retrieved 6640:Parallelus. 6635: 6623:. Retrieved 6619: 6610: 6598:. Retrieved 6589: 6580: 6571: 6565: 6555:21 September 6553:. Retrieved 6544: 6534: 6518: 6511: 6473: 6455: 6449: 6437:. Retrieved 6428: 6418: 6406:. Retrieved 6397: 6388: 6379: 6367:. Retrieved 6358: 6349: 6341:the original 6331: 6319:. Retrieved 6310: 6301: 6289:. Retrieved 6280: 6271: 6259:. Retrieved 6250: 6241: 6229:. Retrieved 6220: 6211: 6199:. Retrieved 6190: 6180: 6168:. Retrieved 6164:the original 6159: 6150: 6138:. Retrieved 6134:the original 6129: 6120: 6108:. Retrieved 6104:the original 6099: 6075:. Retrieved 6071:the original 6066: 6042:. Retrieved 6034:www.baden.fm 6033: 6024: 6012:. Retrieved 6008:the original 6001: 5992: 5980:. Retrieved 5976:the original 5966: 5954:. Retrieved 5940: 5928:. Retrieved 5919: 5910: 5898:. Retrieved 5889: 5880: 5868:. Retrieved 5859: 5856:"Glasmuseum" 5850: 5831: 5825: 5813:. Retrieved 5802: 5793: 5781:. Retrieved 5772: 5763: 5751:. Retrieved 5747:the original 5737: 5725:. Retrieved 5721:the original 5711: 5694: 5688: 5682: 5663: 5657: 5647:Map services 5642: 5626: 5610: 5594: 5578: 5562: 5546: 5538: 5530: 5522:the original 5517: 5507: 5496: 5478: 5468: 5459: 5453: 5430: 5425: 5402: 5396: 5388:the original 5378: 5366:. Retrieved 5357: 5348: 5336:. Retrieved 5327: 5318: 5302: 5290:. Retrieved 5281: 5272: 5260:. Retrieved 5251: 5242: 5233: 5227: 5215:. Retrieved 5206: 5175: 5131:Trees portal 5087: 4981:Castle near 4896:Cattle near 4842: 4826:Jürgen Klopp 4797: 4776: 4763: 4745: 4741:hammer mills 4735:, including 4726: 4717:Herrischried 4678: 4643:made wooden 4634: 4600:glassblowing 4596:forest glass 4587: 4579: 4575: 4569: 4560:wood pellets 4553: 4549:mixed forest 4545:monocultures 4506: 4453:Caroline Pit 4437:Freudenstadt 4414: 4403: 4380: 4372:Segen Gottes 4360:Schauinsland 4356:Finstergrund 4341: 4321:Schenkenzell 4310: 4298:Schauinsland 4294:St. Märgen's 4248:Chronology: 4247: 4224: 4222:and Urberg. 4212:Freudenstadt 4152: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4111: 4100: 4090: 4054:Freudenstadt 4039: 3968: 3959:Schauinsland 3938: 3936: 3924: 3893: 3765:Freudenstadt 3742: 3695: 3675:Schauinsland 3664: 3645: 3624: 3603: 3580: 3569: 3567:industries. 3550: 3545: 3530: 3520: 3491: 3487: 3477: 3467: 3460:) (6–7 days) 3457: 3447: 3431: 3405: 3398:) (2–3 days) 3395: 3385: 3373: 3364: 3363:Middle Way ( 3355: 3330: 3325: 3313: 3307: 3303: 3297: 3285: 3268:Hinterzarten 3263: 3253: 3237:Schenkenzell 3229:Hirsau Abbey 3223: 3204: 3192:Freudenstadt 3141: 3094: 3086:hang gliding 3082:Teufelsmühle 3066:Hornisgrinde 3062:Schauinsland 3007: 2997: 2973: 2971: 2950: 2946: 2941:Schauinsland 2930: 2917: 2904: 2895: 2884: 2879: 2854:Freudenstadt 2839: 2837: 2832: 2826: 2824: 2815: 2809: 2807: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2775:nature parks 2772: 2763:Hornisgrinde 2738:Hohenzollern 2735: 2704: 2632:Fasnetmendig 2631: 2623: 2617: 2612: 2560: 2546: 2539: 2533: 2523: 2519:Flammekueche 2517: 2504: 2482: 2475:Wanderhütten 2474: 2462:Glassblowing 2460: 2444:wood carving 2441: 2422: .1900 2351:Kinderreigen 2350: 2335: 2294: 2269: 2249: 2246:bridal crown 2241: 2235: 2216: 2207:cuckoo clock 2203:Kirschwasser 2175: 2162:glacial lake 2113: 2088: 2066: 2023: 2005:rotliegendes 1945: 1922: 1911:such as the 1870: 1847: 1838: 1828: 1821: 1814: 1807: 1795: 1783:Please help 1778:verification 1775: 1724: 1694: 1539: 1522:between the 1477: 1434:Schauinsland 1430:Hornisgrinde 1418:Herzogenhorn 1404: 1368:Rotliegendes 1313: 1290: 1197: 1195: 957:Freudenstadt 908:Middle-sized 859: 846: 840: 816:between the 810: 783: 755: 725: 703: 687: 680: 647:Ortenaukreis 643:Freudenstadt 624: 610: 575: 538: 534:monocultures 524:Originally, 523: 494:Remnants of 493: 474: 433: 409: 350: 335: 315:Rhine Valley 271:Black Forest 270: 268: 253:Type of rock 223:Parent range 38:Black Forest 32: 8274:Weser Hills 8255:Kreuzfelsen 8112:Große Blöße 8064:Wasserkuppe 8040:Fichtelberg 8016:Donnersberg 7956:Wüstegarten 7927:Kaiserstuhl 7907:Ellerspring 7872:Bloße Zelle 7621:Einödriegel 7549:Switzerland 7505:(Constance) 7453:Kaiserstuhl 7392:Baiersbronn 7119:Schwarzwald 7112:Art history 7066:digitalised 6875:24 December 6849:24 December 6652:1 September 6625:29 November 6541:"Kunstpfad" 5956:24 December 5096:Bad Wildbad 5086:The former 5073:Baden-Baden 5018:clockmakers 4839:Todtnauberg 4592:glassmaking 4537:Netherlands 4449:Oberwolfach 4391:Oberwolfach 4368:Oberwolfach 4290:St. Peter's 4282:Badenweiler 4239:Berghaupten 4096: 1100 4078:horological 4066:Baden-Baden 4050:Baden-Baden 4021:lakes; the 3971:Baden-Baden 3920:Immendingen 3817:St. Georgen 3795:has linked 3710:Bad Wildbad 3631:Oberwolfach 3576:St. Georgen 3565:clockmaking 3561:watchmaking 3276:Kaltenbronn 3264:Fahler Loch 3207:St. Blasien 3188:Baiersbronn 3168:Dornstetten 3109:Bad Wildbad 3101:Badenweiler 3097:Baden-Baden 3090:paragliding 3070:Schliffkopf 3034:Murg valley 3022:windsurfing 2911:draft horse 2858:Baden-Baden 2557:Baiersbronn 2525:Pfannkuchen 2323:Art gallery 2305:Frederick I 2254:St. Georgen 2228:Reichenbach 2150:Buhlbachsee 2146:Glaswaldsee 2028:during the 1976:pyroxenites 1715:. 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