695:(CROI). At CROI, WPI representatives were absent, and a large amount of negative data was presented. Two groups showed evidence that XMRV is a recombinant of two mouse retroviruses, which infected a prostate cancer cell line during passage through nude mice. Virologist John Coffin, who had previously expressed optimism about the initial WPI data, declared, "It's all contamination." Robert Silverman, who was a co-author of the original XMRV-CFS article but is no longer collaborating with Mikovits, told the Chicago Tribune that he was "concerned about lab contamination, despite our best efforts to avoid it".
735:
consensus that XMRV is capable of infecting humans, much less causing disease; the rush to prescribe antiretrovirals has been described as premature and based on "an unproven hypothesis". Another criticism is that even if XMRV did cause CFS and antiviral medications were effective against the virus, rigorous trials would be needed to establish safety, efficacy, and optimal dosing. Anecdotal treatments, they say, are unhelpful and possibly harmful to "the million or more individuals experiencing these serious conditions".
578:. Discover Magazine listed it as one of the top 100 stories of 2009. Many CFS patients greeted the report enthusiastically, feeling that XMRV granted legitimacy to their condition and hoping that XMRV would be established as a treatable cause of CFS; some, assuming causation, even "hurry(ied) to doctors for tests and antiretroviral drugs". Others urged the need for more research before drawing conclusions. In the scientific community, initial reactions were mixed. Immediately after the
832:
519:. In late 2008, her team had two positive results out of twenty, and adjusted the experimental conditions until all twenty samples tested positive. Mikovits decided to focus all WPI resources on XMRV. She kept the project secret from Peterson and the Whittemores, fearful that skeptics would try to derail her work, but sent test samples to Bob Silverman and to the lab of her mentor at NCI, Frank Ruscetti. Mikovits submitted the first version of the
704:
associated with any disease, Mikovits has stated her opinion that the virus "undoubtedly causes some of the symptoms that are associated with" CFS. Elsewhere, however, she notes that causation has not been proven. According to
Mikovits, XMRV "is clearly circulating through the population as is our fear and your fear" and has entered the US blood supply. She has also associated XMRV not only with CFS, but also with
724:
director of clinical services, Deckoff-Jones, characterized the negative research findings as a "cover-up and baseless attacks against Dr. Mikovits". Mikovits stated that those who reported negative findings did not "believe" in chronic fatigue syndrome and sought to discredit the disorder itself. Critics disputed these charges. A March 2011 editorial in the journal
27:
723:
In response to the contradictory
British results, Mikovits stated that scientists had doctored their studies to reach a predetermined conclusion as part of an insurance company conspiracy. Annette Whittemore expressed the opinion that the response to her organization's claims was political, while the
685:
presented evidence that reported XMRV detection could be explained by contamination of laboratory reagents, tissue samples and blood. Samples that were positive for XMRV were also positive for mouse DNA contaminants. Furthermore, the striking identity of XMRV genomic sequences and their similarity to
405:
paper, was appointed as
Research Director in March 2011. Lombardi, a biochemist, along with Harvey Whittemore, co-founded RedLabs USA, Inc., now Viral Immune Pathology Diagnostics (VIP Dx). Virologist Judy Mikovits was the previous research director. Her employment was terminated in October 2011. The
315:
when the results could not be replicated, and it was discovered that XMRV was a laboratory-created recombinant of two mouse viruses. Amid allegations of sloppiness and scientific misconduct, WPI personnel criticised the methods and motives of other scientists, implying that the negative results were
703:
The
Whittemore Peterson Institute and its employees have issued statements that have generated additional controversy. Some of these statements have been made to the press, while others are made in presentations to patient groups. Although there is no consensus that XMRV is a human pathogen or even
465:
Supplemental funding for WPI came from the sale of XMRV diagnostic tests by Viral Immune
Pathology Diagnostics (VIP Dx), owned by the Whittemore family, with all net proceeds donated to the WPI. In September 2009, WPI announced that Mikovits and collaborator Jonathan Kerr of St. George’s College in
367:
Whittemore said that "she had long believed that the syndrome was an infectious disease, but that scientists had rejected the idea", and decided that, "if there was a place of our own where we could find the answers, we could do it more quickly." Her husband Harvey said that his wife also wanted to
734:
WPI has also generated criticism for statements defending the use of antiretroviral medications as a treatment for CFS. For some individuals, these medications can have substantial side effects. Jay Levy states that taking anti-HIV medications is "not like taking an aspirin". There is currently no
650:
sequences in the blood of some CFS patients. Mikovits and
Ruscetti attributed the failure to replicate their results to the use of different PCR reactions and to the examination of patients who did not satisfy the same CFS diagnostic criteria. A study using the original reaction conditions did not
409:
The WPI's stated mission is to "bring discovery, knowledge, and effective treatments to patients with illnesses that are caused by acquired dysregulation of both the immune system and the nervous system, often resulting in life long disease and disability." The
Institute considers such diseases as
376:
public charity in 2006. The
Institute opened a new facility in August 2010 in the University of Nevada's Center for Molecular Medicine. Daniel Peterson left the Whittemore Peterson Institute in 2010 because of concerns about the "singular pursuit of XMRV" that was conducted without his input. His
764:
WPI was criticized for offering non-FDA-approved XMRV testing through its subsidiary, Viral Immune
Pathology Diagnostics (VIP Dx), which was founded by WPI's Vincent Lombardi and was headed by Harvey Whittemore. The tests, which over 1,000 patients purchased, cost $ 249 to $ 450. Virologist John
769:
news article, Sam Kean notes that the utility of the test for a patient or a physician is unclear. VIP Dx asserted that it introduced its XMRV test as a more expert alternative after a different company began offering one. Lombardi argued that the test is useful and that their 36% positive test
792:
federal working group to determine the prevalence of XMRV in the blood supply and the suitability of different detection methods. The WPI is also collecting blood from CFS patients who received their diagnosis after a blood transfusion and are planning to conduct their own study on XMRV blood
742:
in May 2011 requested that the authors of the 2009 Lombardi et al. study retract the article due to many independent studies that did not find an association of XMRV with CFS, and studies that have presented data showing contaminated laboratory reagents may have led to false positive results.
335:
joined as research director in 2006, but was terminated by WPI in
October 2011 for not turning her work over to another scientist while also coming under investigation for alleged manipulation of data in her publications related to XMRV. WPI moved to the newly constructed Center for Molecular
586:
dissent pointing out basic errors in the paper's methods, results and conclusions, "...this manuscript has flaws that leave the reader unsure of knowing precisely what was measured". Others noted the long history of proposed retrovirus-disease connections that were later debunked.
641:
study team biased their study so as to not find the virus in its samples, and that Mikovits "suspected insurance companies in the United Kingdom are behind attempts to sully the findings of the Reno study". A steady stream of consistently negative results followed the
602:
In September 2011, the original authors published a "Partial Retraction" of their 2009 findings, in which they acknowledged that "some of the CFS peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) DNA preparations are contaminated with XMRV plasmid DNA." In December 2011,
371:
The Whittemores and Peterson established the Whittemore Peterson Institute in 2005. Research began in 2006 with the opening of a small laboratory and an office on the University of Nevada, Reno campus under the direction of Judy Mikovits. WPI registered as a
678:
Some researchers were concerned about contamination from the first reports of XMRV-disease associations, and these concerns spread as study after study failed to replicate WPI's results. In December 2010, four independent articles published in the journal
348:(CFS) at the age of twelve. Whittemore stated that numerous doctors were unable to help her daughter, and that the first major improvement came ten years after her diagnosis when she was treated by Peterson with the experimental antiviral drug
690:
responded with an article entitled, "Chronic fatigue syndrome is not caused by XMRV virus, study shows". A fifth study supporting the contamination hypothesis was published in February, 2011, just ahead of the 18th
406:
Institute has stated that their research unit is composed of scientists from the National Cancer Institute, the National Institute of Aging, the La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, and Kings College, UK.
730:
praised Mikovits's defense of her work, but also asked her and her critics to keep an open mind and to be motivated by patients without allowing their scientific programme to be influenced by patients' beliefs.
747:
reported that Mikovits declined the request on behalf of the original authors, labeled the request "premature", and asserted that the original study results were accurate. The editor-in-chief of the journal
778:
Mikovits has stated that XMRV has "almost certainly entered the U.S. blood supply system, but did not know whether it would be susceptible to the same heat treatments that successfully kill off the
454:
million was secured from the governor and legislature by the University of Nevada School of Medicine and the WPI for the Center for Molecular Medicine, where WPI would share space. Nevada senators
426:
to be "Neuro Immune Diseases" with an underlying infectious or environmental exposure etiology. However, there is currently no expert consensus on the etiology of these diseases and conditions.
809:
recommended actively discouraging persons diagnosed with CFS from donating blood or blood components. Similar action was taken in Norway in December 2010, when the Norwegian health agency
2791:"Prevalence of xenotropic murine leukaemia virus-related virus in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome in the Netherlands: retrospective analysis of samples from an established cohort"
2687:"Prevalence of xenotropic murine leukaemia virus-related virus in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome in the Netherlands: retrospective analysis of samples from an established cohort"
309:(XMRV) is associated with and may cause CFS and a variety of additional diseases. A report by WPI scientists of an association between CFS and XMRV was forcibly retracted by the journal
2994:
Hohn, Oliver; Strohschein, Kristin; Brandt, Alexander U.; Seeher, Sandra; Klein, Sandra; Kurth, Reinhard; Paul, Friedemann; Meisel, Christian; et al. (2010). Digard, Paul (ed.).
3693:
Hue, S.; Gray, E. R.; Gall, A.; Katzourakis, A.; Tan, C. P.; Houldcroft, C. J.; McLaren, S.; Pillay, D.; Futreal, A.; Garson, J. A.; Pybus, O. G.; Kellam, P.; Towers, G. J. (2010).
344:
Annette Whittemore, co-founder and president of the institute, stated that the inspiration for the institute came from her daughter, Andrea Whittemore-Goad, who was diagnosed with
3055:"Serologic and PCR testing of persons with chronic fatigue syndrome in the United States shows no association with xenotropic or polytropic murine leukemia virus-related viruses"
716:, and other diseases. There is no evidence that XMRV is associated with these diseases: all studies that have looked for a connection have produced negative results. Virologist
3217:
Schutzer SE, Rounds MA, Natelson BH, Ecker DJ, Eshoo MW (2011). "Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid from chronic fatigue patients for multiple human ubiquitous viruses and XMRV".
4566:
631:
dubbed a transatlantic "fight". Supporters of the two teams traded accusations of conflicts of interest, technical sloppiness, and failure to care about patients. The
4163:"Current status of xenotropic murine leukemia virus–related retrovirus in chronic fatigue syndrome and prostate cancer: reach for a scorecard, not a prescription pad"
3589:
Robinson, M. J.; Erlwein, O. W.; Kaye, S.; Weber, J.; Cingoz, O.; Patel, A.; Walker, M. M.; Kim, W. J.; Uiprasertkul, M.; Coffin, J. M.; McClure, M. O. (2010-12-20).
4561:
2840:"Absence of evidence of Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus-related virus infection in persons with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and healthy controls in the United States"
2838:
Switzer, W. M.; Jia, H.; Hohn, O.; Zheng, H.; Tang, S.; Shankar, A.; Bannert, N.; Simmons, G.; Hendry, R. M.; Falkenberg, V. R.; Reeves, W. C.; Heneine, W. (2010).
3166:
Furuta, R. A.; Miyazawa, T.; Sugiyama, T.; Kuratsune, H.; Ikeda, Y.; Sato, E.; Misawa, N.; Nakatomi, Y.; Sakuma, R.; Yasui, K.; Yamaguti, K.; Hirayama, F. (2011).
1765:
1043:
658:, that is intended to settle the XMRV-CFS question conclusively. Samples from 150 CFS patients and 150 healthy but comparable donors are to be tested at WPI, the
3842:
692:
670:
in January 2011, four patients initially tested positive at WPI and the CDC, but no XMRV was detected at NCI and no patient was positive after repeated testing.
1511:
471:
3107:
Erlwein, O.; Robinson, M. J.; Kaye, S.; Wills, G.; Izui, S.; Wessely, S.; Weber, J.; Cleare, A.; Collier, D.; McClure, M. O. (2011). Hasenkrug, Kim (ed.).
3328:
360:
for Ampligen, which permits sale and marketing, was rejected by the FDA in December 2009 and the agency asked for another clinical study. Interviewed by
752:
subsequently published an expression of concern, "Because the validity of the study by Lombardi et al. is now seriously in question". In December 2011,
4428:
4419:
306:
2522:
Silverman, R.; Das Gupta, J; Lombardi, VC; Ruscetti, FW; Pfost, MA; Hagen, KS; Peterson, DL; Ruscetti, SK; et al. (2011). "Partial Retraction".
2114:
2363:
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327:, an early researcher of the illness. Peterson left WPI in 2010 due to concerns related to the XMRV research. The institute is affiliated with the
1332:"Research casts doubt over US chronic fatigue virus claim. UK study fails to find proof of headline-grabbing American study into test for ME/CFS"
4305:
2889:
Henrich, T.; Li, J.; Felsenstein, D.; Kotton, C.; Plenge, R.; Pereyra, F.; Marty, F.; Lin, N.; Grazioso, P.; Crochiere, D. M.; Eggers, D.;
2734:
Groom, Harriet C T; Boucherit, Virginie C; Makinson, Kerry; Randal, Edward; Baptista, Sarah; Hagan, Suzanne; Gow, John W; Mattes, Frank M;
4338:
295:(CFS) and other similarly presenting illnesses. Founded in 2005, it is currently located within the Center for Molecular Medicine at the
150:
4350:
1801:
4001:"No Evidence for XMRV in German CFS and MS Patients with Fatigue Despite the Ability of the Virus to Infect Human Blood Cells in Vitro"
2996:"No evidence for XMRV in German CFS and MS patients with fatigue despite the ability of the virus to infect human blood cells in vitro"
2180:
Annette Whittemore (June 2010). "The Whittemore Peterson Institute: Building Bridges through Private and Public Sector Collaboration".
2145:
1939:
663:
3789:"Analysis of XMRV integration sites from human prostate cancer tissues suggests PCR contamination rather than genuine human infection"
2299:"Supporting online material for Detection of an infectious retrovirus, XMRV, in blood cells of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome"
4107:
Jeziorski, E.; Foulongne, V.; Ludwig, C.; Louhaem, D.; Chiocchia, G.; Segondy, M.; Rodière, M.; Sitbon, M.; Courgnaud, V. R. (2010).
1743:
1631:
1407:"Contamination of clinical specimens with MLV-encoding nucleic acids: implications for XMRV and other candidate human retroviruses"
1210:
Menéndez-Arias L (January 2011). "Evidence and controversies on the role of XMRV in prostate cancer and chronic fatigue syndrome".
1908:
3395:"Response to Comments on "Detection of an Infectious Retrovirus, XMRV, in Blood Cells of Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome""
3538:"An endogenous murine leukemia viral genome contaminant in a commercial RT-PCR Kit is amplified using standard primers for XMRV"
4412:
4374:
4203:
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Foundation conference in the spring of 2006, and soon after was hired as the research director of WPI. Mikovits had left the
3168:"No association of Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus-related virus with prostate cancer or chronic fatigue syndrome in Japan"
955:
3262:"Detection of MLV-related virus gene sequences in blood of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and healthy blood donors"
1331:
1773:
1051:
401:
Annette Whittemore serves as president and Institute Administrator of the WPI. Vincent Lombardi, first author of the 2009
806:
4294:
2022:
1725:
802:
4058:
Maric R; Pedersen FS; Kjeldbjerg A; Moeller-Larsen A; Bahrami S; Brudek T; Petersen T; Christensen T (November 2010).
4405:
4318:
2992:
Hohn, O; Strohschein, K; Brandt, AU; Seeher, S; Klein, S; Kurth, R; Paul, F; Meise, C; Scheibenbogen, C; Bannert, N.
2944:"Failure to detect Xenotropic murine leukaemia virus-related virus in Chinese patients with chronic fatigue syndrome"
765:
Coffin observed that the original paper established the virus neither as a cause of CFS nor as a viable marker; in a
2450:
Moore P and Shuda M: F1000Prime Dissenting Opinion on . In F1000Prime, 18 Nov 2009; DOI: 10.3410/f.1165576.628853.
1886:
861:
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medical research institute dedicated to scientific discovery surrounding complex neuroimmune diseases including
3897:"PCR and serology find no association between xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) and autism"
84:
1663:
302:
Whittemore Peterson Institute is a research institute and charitable foundation known for its claims that the
2121:
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xenotropic MLVs in several human cell lines suggested that XMRV is not a transmissible human pathogen. The
3436:"The xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related retrovirus debate continues at first international workshop"
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to get married in 2001. As WPI research director, Mikovits attempted to find a connection between CFS and
2740:"Absence of xenotropic murine leukaemia virus-related virus in UK patients with chronic fatigue syndrome"
324:
68:
1991:. NIH News - National Institutes of Health - US Department of Health and Human Services. October 8, 2009
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million, successfully lobbied the Nevada legislature for support and arranged an affiliation with their
4499:
4060:"Absence of xenotropic murine leukaemia virus-related virus in Danish patients with multiple sclerosis"
3860:
2217:"Detection of an infectious retrovirus, XMRV, in blood cells of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome"
1078:"Detection of an infectious retrovirus, XMRV, in blood cells of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome"
443:
328:
296:
3644:"Contamination of human DNA samples with mouse DNA can lead to false detection of XMRV-like sequences"
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Oakes, B.; Tai, A. K.; Cingöz, O.; Henefield, M. H.; Levine, S.; Coffin, J. M.; Huber, B. T. (2010).
551:
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Digard, P.; Strohschein, O.; Brandt, K.; Seeher, A. U.; Klein, S.; Kurth, S.; Paul, R.; Meisel, F.;
1964:
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Shyh-Ching Lo; Pripuzova, N.; Li, B.; Komaroff, A. L.; Hung, G.-C.; Wang, R.; Alter, H. J. (2010).
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839:
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411:
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109:
2895:"XMRV Prevalence in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome or Chronic Immunomodulatory Conditions"
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2009:
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956:"New study on potential link between XMRV and chronic fatigue syndrome finds, again, nothing"
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563:
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Initial funding for the institute was provided by the Whittemores, who in 2004 committed $ 5
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389:, to try to determine whether XMRV was truly present in the same patients examined in the
8:
3744:
Carlowe, J. (2010). "Chronic fatigue syndrome is not caused by XMRV virus, study shows".
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2381:"Top 100 Stories of 2009 #55: Virus Invades Human Genome and Causes... Chronic Fatigue?"
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Luczkowiak, J; Sierra, O; González-Martín, JJ; Herrero-Beaumont, G; Delgado, R (2011).
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Cohen, J. (2011). "More Negative Data for Link Between Mouse Virus and Human Disease".
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3948:"No xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus detected in fibromyalgia patients"
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3518:
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3109:"Investigation into the Presence of and Serological Response to XMRV in CFS Patients"
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1512:"Covering the stunning fall of Judy Mikovits, researcher of XMRV and chronic fatigue"
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detect XMRV in UK patients who "not only had CFS, but had considerable disability".
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558:. The WPI study was followed by worldwide media coverage, including reports by the
555:
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987:
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583:
475:
3695:"Disease-associated XMRV sequences are consistent with laboratory contamination"
3513:
3488:
1989:"Consortium of Researchers Discover Retroviral Link to Chronic Fatigue Syndrome"
1861:"Annette Whittemore and the Making of the Whittemore Peterson Institute in Reno"
805:
to restrict individuals with CFS from donating blood in 2010. In June 2010, the
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separately introduced legislation requesting federal funding for the institute.
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paper only after a reviewer's comment. Peterson was reported to be working with
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622:
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Stoye, J. P.; Silverman, R. H.; Boucher, C. A.; Le Grice, S. F. (2010-12-22).
4555:
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4109:"No evidence for XMRV association in pediatric idiopathic diseases in France"
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798:
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report. One study, later retracted, found no XMRV but did report evidence of
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and found no evidence of XMRV in CFS patients. The publication sparked what
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paper publication, Patrick Moore and Masahiro Shuda wrote a highly critical
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subjects. Co-authors included Mikovits, her former mentor Ruscetti at the
2628:"Failure to Detect the Novel Retrovirus XMRV in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome"
455:
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commentary accompanying the WPI publication were cautiously optimistic.
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University of Nevada School of Medicine - Center for Molecular Medicine
1744:"Manipulation alleged in paper linking virus, chronic fatigue syndrome"
504:
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recognize Peterson for his history of treating the illness since 1984.
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Satterfield BC, Garcia RA, Jia H, Tang S, Zheng H, Switzer WM (2011).
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1348:
1075:
2160:"Whittemore Peterson Institute for Neuro Immune Disease, In The News"
896:
508:
285:
98:
4306:
Canadian Blood Services Responds to Possible New Blood Safety Threat
2428:
2403:
1585:
1560:
1223:
788:
has reported that WPI and other laboratories are participating in a
4473:
4204:"New Data Spark Retraction Request for Chronic Fatigue Virus Study"
4179:
4162:
2910:
2297:
Lombardi VC, Ruscetti FW, Das Gupta J, et al. (October 2009).
2215:
Lombardi VC, Ruscetti FW, Das Gupta J, et al. (October 2009).
1349:
Delviks-Frankenberry, K; Cingöz, O; Coffin, JM; Pathak, VK (2012).
1076:
Lombardi VC, Ruscetti FW, Das Gupta J, et al. (October 2009).
617:
382:
349:
3346:"CFS: New XMRV paper looks good, skeptics admit—yet doubts linger"
2521:
3894:
2089:
Nevada Sen. Reid lists nearly $ 100 million in projects to Nevada
516:
3259:
546:
in 68 of 101 (67%) CFS patients, versus 8 of 218 (3.7%) healthy
450:
million, and additional funding was from private donations. $ 10
4351:"Recommendation on Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Blood Donation"
4106:
3165:
2092:(Television News). Reno, Nevada: KRNV News 4. 14 December 2009.
1044:"Reno researchers dispute British challenge to virus discovery"
793:
transmission. The association between XMRV and CFS reported in
705:
423:
121:
2738:; Kerr, Jonathan R; Stoye, Jonathan P; Bishop, Kate N (2010).
474:
for their proposal to develop new "strategies to decipher the
3994:
3433:
1802:"Daughter's illness led family to seek help, start institute"
1766:"New UNR center to aid in fight against numerous afflictions"
1351:"Recombinant origin, contamination, and de-discovery of XMRV"
496:
319:
WPI was created by the parents of a CFS patient, Annette and
316:
part of a "cover-up" or a "bias against this disease (CFS)".
2733:
1632:"Research casts doubt on theory of cause of chronic fatigue"
3895:
Satterfield BC, Garcia RA, Gurrieri F, Schwartz CE (2010).
3216:
2993:
3489:"Studies Point to Possible Contamination in XMRV Findings"
2888:
2625:
3843:
Virus leads Canadian Blood Services to ban certain donors
3591:"Mouse DNA contamination in human tissue tested for XMRV"
2789:
van Kuppeveld FJ, Jong AS, Lanke KH, et al. (2010).
2626:
Erlwein, O; et al. (2010). Nixon, Douglas F. (ed.).
779:
698:
666:. In the preliminary phase of this project, published in
559:
543:
511:. She met Bob Silverman, the co-discoverer of XMRV, at a
495:
Judy Mikovits was introduced to Annette Whittemore at an
386:
3588:
3106:
3052:
1887:"FDA rejects Hemispherx's chronic fatigue drug Ampligen"
928:"Whittemore Peterson Institute Forneuro Immune Diseases"
485:
4390:
3787:
Garson, Jeremy A; Kellam, Paul; Towers, Greg J (2011).
3641:
2290:
988:"An Indefatigable Debate Over Chronic Fatigue Syndrome"
693:
Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections
268:
3861:"Virus Is Found in Many With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome"
3692:
2684:
654:
WPI has been included in a multi-center trial, led by
515:
in 2007 and began to look for XMRV using Silverman's
472:
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
3536:
Sato, E.; Furuta, R. A.; Miyazawa, T. (2010-12-20).
16:
Research institute at the University of Nevada, Reno
2837:
883:"Whittemore Peterson Institute - GuideStar Profile"
813:issued a letter of caution to all the blood banks.
770:results support the science in the original paper.
526:
4567:Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome
4429:Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome
3786:
3535:
2179:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1604:
862:Form 990: Return of Organization Exempt Income Tax
4195:
4160:
2782:
1795:
1793:
1791:
4562:Medical research institutes in the United States
4553:
4319:"Chronic Fatigue Set To Disqualify Blood Donors"
3392:
2398:
2396:
2394:
1946:
1839:"Cancer-Causing Virus Linked to Chronic Fatigue"
1554:
1552:
1506:
1310:"A fight over the cause of a mysterious disease"
1209:
1205:
1203:
922:
920:
3343:
3337:
2372:
1601:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1071:
1069:
981:
979:
977:
975:
3838:
3836:
3834:
3102:
3100:
1901:
1788:
1759:
1757:
1701:
1699:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1645:
446:. The Nevada legislature agreed to provide $ 3
307:xenotropic murine leukemia virus–related virus
4413:
3480:
2678:
2391:
2173:
1878:
1726:"Scientist Who Led XMRV Research Team Let Go"
1664:"A Big Splash From an Upstart Medical Center"
1500:
1200:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
917:
911:"Summer 2008 | Nevada Silver & Blue"
4156:
4154:
3888:
2986:
2935:
2882:
2208:
1854:
1852:
1674:
1529:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1391:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1066:
972:
78:Charitable foundation and research institute
3852:
3831:
3097:
3046:
2462:
2107:
1754:
1708:"Is a Virus the Cause of Fatigue Syndrome?"
1696:
1642:
1325:
1323:
946:
944:
615:The first follow-up study was published in
396:
4420:
4406:
3999:; Bannert, N. (2010). Digard, Paul (ed.).
2463:Coffin, J. M.; Stoye, J. P. (2009-10-23).
1683:"Virus Linked To Chronic Fatigue Syndrome"
1028:
856:
854:
852:
850:
848:
25:
4245:
4178:
4151:
4134:
4124:
4083:
4034:
4024:
3971:
3922:
3912:
3814:
3804:
3720:
3710:
3669:
3659:
3618:
3608:
3565:
3555:
3512:
3463:
3453:
3427:
3418:
3393:Mikovits, J. A.; Ruscetti, F. W. (2010).
3369:
3295:
3285:
3193:
3183:
3142:
3132:
3080:
3070:
3029:
3019:
2969:
2959:
2918:
2865:
2855:
2814:
2765:
2755:
2710:
2661:
2651:
2601:
2575:
2498:
2465:"Virology. A new virus for old diseases?"
2427:
2330:
2248:
1965:"ABOUT THE WHITTEMORE PETERSON INSTITUTE"
1957:
1849:
1626:
1584:
1452:
1435:
1425:
1374:
1297:
1280:
1270:
1246:
1183:
1109:
1011:
950:
801:, the New Zealand Blood Service, and The
720:has accused Mikovits of "inciting fear".
4316:
3884:Virus linked to chronic fatigue syndrome
3582:
3210:
2941:
2080:
2044:
1680:
1558:
1404:
1320:
1255:"A cautionary tale of virus and disease"
985:
941:
827:
825:
4278:"Potential Risk to Blood Supply Probed"
4227:
3743:
3737:
2619:
1858:
1837:Marcus, Amy Dockser (12 October 2009).
1329:
1157:
845:
4554:
4339:Blood Service updates CFS donor policy
3486:
3159:
2571:
2569:
2144:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2050:
1938:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1884:
1836:
1799:
1763:
1041:
773:
699:Controversial statements and criticism
429:
4401:
4201:
3858:
3635:
2727:
2096:
2020:
1705:
1661:
1463:
1252:
822:
486:Contradictory results and controversy
385:, one of the original discoverers of
2076:Reid Press Release, 13 December 2009
2053:"Nevada counts on fourth House seat"
3686:
2831:
2566:
2378:
2014:
1830:
807:American Association of Blood Banks
610:
13:
4167:The Journal of Infectious Diseases
4161:Kearney, M; Maldarelli, F (2010).
3487:Kaiser, Jocelyn (7 January 2011).
3344:Martin Enserink (27 August 2010).
3253:
2899:The Journal of Infectious Diseases
1800:Powers, Lenita (1 November 2009).
1042:Powers, Lenita (13 January 2010).
803:Australian Red Cross Blood Service
637:reported that Mikovits stated the
470:million, five-year grant from the
14:
4578:
4382:
3859:Grady, Denise (October 8, 2009).
2942:Hong, P.; Li, J.; Li, Y. (2010).
2685:van Kuppeveld; Frank J M (2010).
2452:F1000Prime.com/1165576#eval628853
2023:"Washoe projects receive funding"
1764:Powers, Lenita (17 August 2010).
1706:Grady, Denise (12 October 2009).
1662:Grady, Denise (11 October 2009).
1330:Boseley, Sarah (6 January 2010).
621:in 2010; it was conducted in the
1885:George, John (3 December 2009).
1681:Hamilton, Jon (8 October 2009).
1561:"Virology: Fighting for a cause"
1559:Callaway, Ewen (14 March 2011).
673:
4368:
4343:
4332:
4310:
4299:
4288:
4270:
4221:
4100:
4051:
3988:
3939:
3877:
3780:
3529:
3386:
2603:10.1126/science.334.6063.1636-a
2515:
2456:
2444:
2352:10.1126/science.334.6063.1636-a
2270:10.1126/science.334.6063.1636-a
2152:
2069:
2033:
2003:
1981:
1889:. Philadelphia Business Journal
1859:Johnson, Cort (20 April 2008).
1736:
1718:
1342:
1185:10.1126/science.334.6063.1636-a
1151:
1131:10.1126/science.334.6063.1636-a
759:
903:
889:
875:
837:Tax Exempt Organization Search
1:
4541:Whittemore Peterson Institute
4375:Letter to Norway's bloodbanks
3371:10.1126/science.329.5995.1000
1486:10.1126/science.331.6022.1253
866:Whittemore Peterson Institute
833:Whittemore Peterson Institute
816:
490:
282:Whittemore Peterson Institute
20:Whittemore Peterson Institute
4064:Journal of Clinical Virology
4026:10.1371/journal.pone.0015632
3952:Emerging Infectious Diseases
3134:10.1371/journal.pone.0017592
3021:10.1371/journal.pone.0015632
2893:; Tsibris, A. M. N. (2010).
2653:10.1371/journal.pone.0008519
2051:Meyers, Laura (2010-12-20).
1367:10.1016/j.coviro.2012.06.009
1013:10.1126/science.327.5963.254
542:that they had detected XMRV
7:
3514:10.1126/science.331.6013.17
2576:Alberts B (December 2011).
1355:Current Opinion in Virology
554:, and Bob Silverman of the
299:. It was founded in 2005.
47:; 19 years ago
10:
4583:
4317:Atkinson, K (2010-04-21).
4202:Cohen, Jon (31 May 2011).
2021:Hagar, Ray (7 June 2007).
1405:Smith RA (December 2010).
842:. Retrieved July 25, 2020.
756:retracted the 2009 paper.
607:retracted the 2009 paper.
444:University of Nevada, Reno
339:
329:University of Nevada, Reno
297:University of Nevada, Reno
108:Research and treatment of
4508:
4482:
4466:
4435:
4076:10.1016/j.jcv.2010.08.003
2387:. Jan-Feb 2010 (Special).
1518:. Tribune Publishing, Inc
501:National Cancer Institute
336:Medicine in August 2010.
263:
250:
237:
226:
213:
203:
193:
181:
144:
127:
104:
94:
82:
74:
59:
41:
33:
24:
4531:Open Medicine Foundation
2057:Las Vegas Review-Journal
2027:The Reno Gazette Journal
1953:WPI: "Research Profiles"
986:Sam Kean (15 Jan 2010).
870:Internal Revenue Service
840:Internal Revenue Service
538:reported in the journal
530:publication and response
480:chronic fatigue syndrome
397:Organization and mission
346:chronic fatigue syndrome
293:chronic fatigue syndrome
166:39.545873°N 119.819565°W
110:chronic fatigue syndrome
4536:Solve ME/CFS Initiative
4453:Post-exertional malaise
4282:The Wall Street Journal
4247:10.1126/science.1208542
3712:10.1186/1742-4690-7-111
3661:10.1186/1742-4690-7-109
3610:10.1186/1742-4690-7-108
3557:10.1186/1742-4690-7-110
3455:10.1186/1742-4690-7-113
3420:10.1126/science.1184548
3317:10.1073/pnas.1119641109
3287:10.1073/pnas.1006901107
2961:10.1186/1743-422X-7-224
2616:- Retrieved 7 Jan 2012.
2544:10.1126/science.1212182
2491:10.1126/science.1181349
2323:10.1126/science.1179052
2241:10.1126/science.1179052
2182:Molecular Interventions
2103:XMRV testing, CFIDS.org
1843:The Wall Street Journal
1427:10.1186/1742-4690-7-112
1272:10.1186/1741-7007-8-124
1253:Weiss, Robin A (2010).
1102:10.1126/science.1179052
785:The Wall Street Journal
688:British Medical Journal
575:The Wall Street Journal
466:London received a $ 1.6
4126:10.1186/1742-4690-7-63
3964:10.3201/eid1702.100978
3914:10.1186/2040-2392-1-14
3806:10.1186/1742-4690-8-13
3185:10.1186/1742-4690-8-20
3072:10.1186/1742-4690-8-12
2857:10.1186/1742-4690-7-57
2757:10.1186/1742-4690-7-10
2010:WPI research statement
377:name was added to the
171:39.545873; -119.819565
4443:Clinical descriptions
3311:(Retracted, see
2346:(Retracted, see
2264:(Retracted, see
1316:. UK. 7 January 2010.
1125:(Retracted, see
564:National Public Radio
4228:Alberts, B. (2011).
1809:Reno Gazette-Journal
1048:Reno Gazette-Journal
872:. December 31, 2018.
782:in blood products."
634:Reno Gazette-Journal
358:new drug application
63:Annette Whittemore,
4483:Society and history
4017:2010PLoSO...515632H
3505:2011Sci...331...17K
3411:2010Sci...328..825M
3362:2010Sci...329.1000E
3278:2010PNAS..10715874L
3125:2011PLoSO...617592E
3012:2010PLoSO...515632H
2644:2010PLoSO...5.8519E
2594:2011Sci...334.1636A
2536:2011Sci...334..176S
2483:2009Sci...326..530C
2420:2011Natur.471..266.
2414:(7338): 266. 2011.
2404:"Cause for concern"
2315:2009Sci...326..585L
2233:2009Sci...326..585L
1776:on November 6, 2012
1730:Wall Street Journal
1577:2011Natur.471..282C
1478:2011Sci...331.1253C
1472:(6022): 1253–1254.
1176:2011Sci...334.1636A
1158:Alberts, B (2011).
1094:2009Sci...326..585L
1054:on October 26, 2012
1004:2010Sci...327..254K
774:Blood supply safety
710:Alzheimer's disease
523:paper in May 2009.
503:(NCI) and moved to
430:Funding and support
162: /
21:
3865:The New York Times
1818:on 2 December 2010
1750:. October 3, 2011.
1732:. October 3, 2011.
1712:The New York Times
1668:The New York Times
718:Vincent Racaniello
714:multiple sclerosis
569:The New York Times
534:In 2009, Lombardi
420:multiple sclerosis
363:The New York Times
209:WP Biotechnologies
118:multiple sclerosis
19:
4549:
4548:
4173:(10): 1463–1466.
3997:Scheibenbogen, C.
3758:10.1136/bmj.c7358
3231:10.1002/ana.22389
2905:(10): 1478–1481.
2807:10.1136/bmj.c1018
2703:10.1136/bmj.c1018
2477:(5952): 530–531.
2194:10.1124/mi.10.3.1
1630:(17 March 2011).
998:(5963): 254–255.
811:Helsedirektoratet
648:murine retroviral
321:Harvey Whittemore
279:
278:
195:Research director
189:Annette Whittmore
65:Harvey Whittemore
4574:
4500:Notable patients
4422:
4415:
4408:
4399:
4398:
4394:
4393:
4391:Official website
4377:
4372:
4366:
4365:
4363:
4362:
4353:. Archived from
4347:
4341:
4336:
4330:
4329:
4327:
4326:
4314:
4308:
4303:
4297:
4292:
4286:
4285:
4274:
4268:
4267:
4249:
4225:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4214:
4199:
4193:
4192:
4182:
4158:
4149:
4148:
4138:
4128:
4104:
4098:
4097:
4087:
4055:
4049:
4048:
4038:
4028:
3992:
3986:
3985:
3975:
3943:
3937:
3936:
3926:
3916:
3892:
3886:
3881:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3871:
3856:
3850:
3849:, 06 April 2010.
3847:The Toronto Star
3840:
3829:
3828:
3818:
3808:
3784:
3778:
3777:
3741:
3735:
3734:
3724:
3714:
3690:
3684:
3683:
3673:
3663:
3639:
3633:
3632:
3622:
3612:
3586:
3580:
3579:
3569:
3559:
3533:
3527:
3526:
3516:
3484:
3478:
3477:
3467:
3457:
3431:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3390:
3384:
3383:
3373:
3341:
3335:
3334:
3330:Retraction Watch
3309:
3299:
3289:
3257:
3251:
3250:
3214:
3208:
3207:
3197:
3187:
3163:
3157:
3156:
3146:
3136:
3104:
3095:
3094:
3084:
3074:
3050:
3044:
3043:
3033:
3023:
2990:
2984:
2983:
2973:
2963:
2948:Virology Journal
2939:
2933:
2932:
2922:
2891:Kuritzkes, D. R.
2886:
2880:
2879:
2869:
2859:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2818:
2786:
2780:
2779:
2769:
2759:
2731:
2725:
2724:
2714:
2682:
2676:
2675:
2665:
2655:
2623:
2617:
2615:
2605:
2573:
2564:
2563:
2519:
2513:
2512:
2502:
2460:
2454:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2431:
2400:
2389:
2388:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2365:Retraction Watch
2344:
2334:
2294:
2288:
2287:
2283:Retraction Watch
2262:
2252:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2143:
2135:
2133:
2132:
2126:
2120:. Archived from
2119:
2111:
2105:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2084:
2078:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2048:
2042:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2018:
2012:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1969:
1961:
1955:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1937:
1929:
1927:
1926:
1920:
1914:. Archived from
1913:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1856:
1847:
1846:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1817:
1811:. Archived from
1806:
1797:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1772:. Archived from
1761:
1752:
1751:
1740:
1734:
1733:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1703:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1678:
1672:
1671:
1659:
1640:
1639:
1628:Tsouderos, Trine
1624:
1599:
1598:
1588:
1571:(7338): 282–85.
1556:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1523:
1508:Tsouderos, Trine
1504:
1498:
1497:
1461:
1450:
1449:
1439:
1429:
1411:
1402:
1389:
1388:
1378:
1346:
1340:
1339:
1327:
1318:
1317:
1306:
1295:
1294:
1284:
1274:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1207:
1198:
1197:
1187:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1144:Retraction Watch
1123:
1113:
1073:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1050:. Archived from
1039:
1026:
1025:
1015:
983:
970:
969:
967:
966:
952:Tsouderos, Trine
948:
939:
938:
936:
934:
924:
915:
914:
907:
901:
900:
893:
887:
886:
879:
873:
858:
843:
829:
611:Negative results
556:Cleveland Clinic
469:
453:
449:
437:
275:
272:
270:
255:
242:
230:
218:
199:Vincent Lombardi
177:
176:
174:
173:
172:
167:
163:
160:
159:
158:
155:
55:
53:
48:
29:
22:
18:
4582:
4581:
4577:
4576:
4575:
4573:
4572:
4571:
4552:
4551:
4550:
4545:
4504:
4478:
4462:
4431:
4426:
4389:
4388:
4385:
4380:
4373:
4369:
4360:
4358:
4349:
4348:
4344:
4337:
4333:
4324:
4322:
4315:
4311:
4304:
4300:
4293:
4289:
4284:. 4 April 2010.
4276:
4275:
4271:
4226:
4222:
4212:
4210:
4200:
4196:
4159:
4152:
4105:
4101:
4056:
4052:
3993:
3989:
3944:
3940:
3893:
3889:
3882:
3878:
3869:
3867:
3857:
3853:
3841:
3832:
3785:
3781:
3742:
3738:
3691:
3687:
3640:
3636:
3587:
3583:
3534:
3530:
3485:
3481:
3432:
3428:
3391:
3387:
3342:
3338:
3310:
3272:(36): 15874–9.
3258:
3254:
3215:
3211:
3164:
3160:
3105:
3098:
3051:
3047:
2991:
2987:
2940:
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2887:
2883:
2836:
2832:
2787:
2783:
2732:
2728:
2683:
2679:
2624:
2620:
2574:
2567:
2520:
2516:
2461:
2457:
2449:
2445:
2429:10.1038/471266a
2402:
2401:
2392:
2379:Neimark, Jill.
2377:
2373:
2345:
2309:(5952): 585–9.
2295:
2291:
2263:
2227:(5952): 585–9.
2213:
2209:
2178:
2174:
2164:
2162:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2137:
2136:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2117:
2115:"Archived copy"
2113:
2112:
2108:
2101:
2097:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2074:
2070:
2061:
2059:
2049:
2045:
2038:
2034:
2029:. Reno, Nevada.
2019:
2015:
2008:
2004:
1994:
1992:
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1986:
1982:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1963:
1962:
1958:
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1924:
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1911:
1909:"Archived copy"
1907:
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1883:
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1869:
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1831:
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1798:
1789:
1779:
1777:
1762:
1755:
1748:Chicago Tribune
1742:
1741:
1737:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1704:
1697:
1688:
1686:
1679:
1675:
1660:
1643:
1636:Chicago Tribune
1625:
1602:
1586:10.1038/471282a
1557:
1530:
1521:
1519:
1516:Chicago Tribune
1505:
1501:
1462:
1453:
1409:
1403:
1392:
1347:
1343:
1328:
1321:
1308:
1307:
1298:
1251:
1247:
1224:10.1002/rmv.673
1212:Rev. Med. Virol
1208:
1201:
1156:
1152:
1124:
1088:(5952): 585–9.
1074:
1067:
1057:
1055:
1040:
1029:
984:
973:
964:
962:
960:Chicago Tribune
949:
942:
932:
930:
926:
925:
918:
913:. 15 July 2008.
909:
908:
904:
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894:
890:
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846:
830:
823:
819:
776:
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738:The editors at
701:
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613:
532:
493:
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476:pathophysiology
467:
451:
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432:
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342:
325:Daniel Peterson
267:
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69:Daniel Peterson
51:
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17:
12:
11:
5:
4580:
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4569:
4564:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4526:ME Research UK
4523:
4521:ME Association
4518:
4512:
4510:
4506:
4505:
4503:
4502:
4497:
4492:
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4480:
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4468:
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4463:
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4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4439:
4437:
4436:Medical issues
4433:
4432:
4425:
4424:
4417:
4410:
4402:
4396:
4395:
4384:
4383:External links
4381:
4379:
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4331:
4309:
4298:
4287:
4269:
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4194:
4180:10.1086/657169
4150:
4099:
4050:
4011:(12): e15632.
3987:
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3830:
3779:
3736:
3685:
3634:
3581:
3528:
3479:
3426:
3385:
3356:(5995): 1000.
3336:
3252:
3209:
3158:
3096:
3045:
3006:(12): e15632.
2985:
2934:
2911:10.1086/657168
2881:
2830:
2781:
2736:Breuer, Judith
2726:
2677:
2618:
2588:(6063): 1636.
2565:
2514:
2455:
2443:
2390:
2371:
2289:
2207:
2188:(3): 120–126.
2172:
2151:
2106:
2095:
2079:
2068:
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2032:
2013:
2002:
1980:
1956:
1945:
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1848:
1829:
1787:
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1735:
1717:
1695:
1673:
1641:
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1528:
1510:(2011-11-22).
1499:
1451:
1390:
1361:(4): 499–507.
1341:
1319:
1296:
1245:
1199:
1170:(6063): 1636.
1150:
1065:
1027:
971:
954:(6 May 2011).
940:
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820:
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4534:
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4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4516:Action for ME
4514:
4513:
4511:
4509:Organizations
4507:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4495:Controversies
4493:
4491:
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4481:
4475:
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4418:
4416:
4411:
4409:
4404:
4403:
4400:
4392:
4387:
4386:
4376:
4371:
4357:on 2010-06-25
4356:
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4313:
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4181:
4176:
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4168:
4164:
4157:
4155:
4146:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4118:
4114:
4113:Retrovirology
4110:
4103:
4095:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4077:
4073:
4069:
4065:
4061:
4054:
4046:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4018:
4014:
4010:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3991:
3983:
3979:
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3942:
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3915:
3910:
3906:
3902:
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3891:
3885:
3880:
3866:
3862:
3855:
3848:
3845:Joseph Hall,
3844:
3839:
3837:
3835:
3826:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3793:Retrovirology
3790:
3783:
3775:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3740:
3732:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3699:Retrovirology
3696:
3689:
3681:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3648:Retrovirology
3645:
3638:
3630:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3597:
3596:Retrovirology
3592:
3585:
3577:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3544:
3543:Retrovirology
3539:
3532:
3524:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3483:
3475:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3442:
3441:Retrovirology
3437:
3430:
3421:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3405:(5980): 825.
3404:
3400:
3396:
3389:
3381:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3347:
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3332:
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3326:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3307:
3303:
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3263:
3256:
3248:
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3236:
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3228:
3224:
3220:
3213:
3205:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3172:Retrovirology
3169:
3162:
3154:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3119:(3): e17592.
3118:
3114:
3110:
3103:
3101:
3092:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3059:Retrovirology
3056:
3049:
3041:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2989:
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2962:
2957:
2953:
2949:
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2916:
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2908:
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2900:
2896:
2892:
2885:
2877:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2844:Retrovirology
2841:
2834:
2826:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2785:
2777:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2744:Retrovirology
2741:
2737:
2730:
2722:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2681:
2673:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2622:
2613:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2572:
2570:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2530:(6053): 176.
2529:
2525:
2518:
2510:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2471:
2466:
2459:
2453:
2447:
2439:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2386:
2382:
2375:
2367:
2366:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2342:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
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2304:
2300:
2293:
2285:
2284:
2279:
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2271:
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2260:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
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2211:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2176:
2161:
2155:
2147:
2141:
2127:on 2010-12-02
2123:
2116:
2110:
2104:
2099:
2091:
2090:
2083:
2077:
2072:
2058:
2054:
2047:
2041:
2036:
2028:
2024:
2017:
2011:
2006:
1990:
1984:
1966:
1960:
1954:
1949:
1941:
1935:
1921:on 2011-07-26
1917:
1910:
1904:
1888:
1881:
1866:
1865:ProHealth.com
1862:
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1617:
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1611:
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1607:
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1541:
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1537:
1535:
1533:
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1513:
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1503:
1495:
1491:
1487:
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1479:
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1471:
1467:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1447:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1414:Retrovirology
1408:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1386:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1345:
1337:
1333:
1326:
1324:
1315:
1314:The Economist
1311:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1292:
1288:
1283:
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1273:
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1128:
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1117:
1112:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1072:
1070:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
982:
980:
978:
976:
961:
957:
953:
947:
945:
929:
923:
921:
912:
906:
898:
892:
884:
878:
871:
867:
863:
857:
855:
853:
851:
849:
841:
838:
834:
828:
826:
821:
814:
812:
808:
804:
800:
799:Health Canada
796:
791:
790:United States
787:
786:
781:
771:
768:
757:
755:
751:
746:
741:
736:
732:
729:
728:
721:
719:
715:
711:
707:
696:
694:
689:
684:
683:
682:Retrovirology
674:Contamination
671:
669:
665:
661:
657:
652:
649:
645:
640:
636:
635:
630:
629:
628:The Economist
624:
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394:
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388:
384:
380:
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369:
366:
364:
359:
355:
351:
347:
337:
334:
333:Judy Mikovits
330:
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70:
66:
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58:
44:
40:
36:
32:
28:
23:
4540:
4370:
4359:. Retrieved
4355:the original
4345:
4334:
4323:. Retrieved
4321:. Voxy.co.nz
4312:
4301:
4290:
4281:
4272:
4240:(6038): 35.
4237:
4233:
4223:
4211:. Retrieved
4207:
4197:
4170:
4166:
4116:
4112:
4102:
4070:(3): 227–8.
4067:
4063:
4053:
4008:
4004:
3990:
3958:(2): 314–5.
3955:
3951:
3941:
3904:
3900:
3890:
3879:
3868:. Retrieved
3864:
3854:
3846:
3796:
3792:
3782:
3749:
3745:
3739:
3702:
3698:
3688:
3651:
3647:
3637:
3600:
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3584:
3547:
3541:
3531:
3499:(6013): 17.
3496:
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3327:,
3269:
3265:
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3225:(4): 735–8.
3222:
3218:
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3171:
3161:
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