White rhinoceros - Knowledge

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of the cow while squealing or wailing loudly if the cow tries to leave his territory. When ready to mate, the cow curls her tail and gets into a stiff stance during the half-hour copulation. Breeding pairs stay together between 5–20 days before they part their separate ways. The gestation period of a white rhino is 16 months. A single calf is born and usually weighs 40–65 kg (88–143 lb). Calves are unsteady for their first two to three days of life. When threatened, the baby will run in front of the mother, which is very protective of her calf and will fight for it vigorously. Weaning starts at two months, but the calf may continue suckling for over 12 months. The birth interval for the white rhino is between two and three years. Before giving birth, the mother will chase off her current calf. White rhinos can live to be up to 40–50 years old.

1023: 894: 831: 399: 365: 112: 952: 516: 960: 980: 1164: 331: 1120:. About 98.5% of white rhinos live in just five countries (South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Kenya, and Uganda). Almost at the edge of extinction in the early 20th century, the southern subspecies have made a tremendous comeback. In 2001, it was estimated that there were 11,670 white rhinos in the wild, with a further 777 in captivity worldwide, making it the most common rhino in the world. By the end of 2007, wild-living southern white rhinos had increased to an estimated 17,480 animals (IUCN 2008). 181: 921:

The bull, averaging about 2,000–2,300 kg (4,410–5,070 lb) is heavier than the cow, at an average of about 1,600–1,700 kg (3,530–3,750 lb). The largest size the species can attain is not definitively known; specimens of up to 3,600 kg (7,940 lb) are considered reliable, while larger sizes up to 4,500 kg (9,920 lb) have been claimed but are not verified. On its snout it has two horn-like growths, one behind the other. These are made of solid

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day doing various other things. Like all species of rhinoceros, white rhinos enjoy wallowing in mud holes to cool down. The white rhinoceros is thought to have changed the structure and ecology of the savanna's grasslands. Comparatively, based on studies of the African elephant, scientists believe the white rhino is a driving factor in its ecosystem. The destruction of the megaherbivore could have serious cascading effects on the ecosystem and harm other animals.

1217: 4083: 1244:, eggs from Fatu and Najin "were successfully inseminated" using the seminal fluid from Saut and Suni. The male Sudan's sperm was harvested before his death and is still in Kenya. On 11 September 2019, it was announced that "two embryos" were generated and will be kept in a frozen state, until placed in a surrogate female. On 15 January 2020, it was announced that "another embryo" was created using the same techniques; all three embryos are "from Fatu". 139: 1109: 588: 1176:

several highly organized and very profitable international poaching syndicates came into being and would carry out their poaching missions with advanced technologies ranging from night vision scopes, silenced weapons, darting equipment, and even helicopters. The ongoing conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo and incursions by poachers, primarily coming from Sudan, have further disrupted efforts to protect the few remaining northern rhinos.

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December). In 2015, the Kenyan government placed the last remaining bull of the subspecies at Ol Pejeta under 24-hour armed guard to deter poachers, but he was put down on 19 March 2018 due to multiple health problems caused by old age, leaving just two cows alive which reside at the Ol Pejeta complex. Staff hope to inseminate the remaining cows with the last bull's semen, although the semen is not preferable due to the age of the rhino.

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yellowish-brown to slate grey. Its only hair is the ear fringes and tail bristles. White rhinos have a distinctive broad, straight mouth which is used for grazing. Its ears can move independently to pick up sounds, but it depends most of all on its sense of smell. The olfactory passages that are responsible for smelling are larger than their entire brain. The white rhinoceros has the widest set of nostrils of any land-based animal.

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the rhinoceros makes it susceptible to poaching. Mozambique, one of the four main countries in which the white rhino lives, is used by poachers as a passageway to South Africa, which holds a fairly large number of white rhinos. Here, rhinos are regularly killed and their horns are smuggled out of the country. As of 2014, Mozambique labels white rhino poaching as a misdemeanor. The white rhino population in South Africa's

913: 1047:. They do this around ten times an hour while patrolling territory. The same ritual as urine marking except without spraying is also commonly used. The territorial bull will scrape-mark every 30 m (100 ft) or so around his territory boundary. Subordinate bulls do not mark territory. The most serious fights break out over mating rights with a cow. Cow territory overlaps extensively, and they do not defend it. 1253: 1031:

threats and shrieking if attacked. The vocalizations of the two species differ between each other, and the panting contact calls between individual white rhinos in each species can vary as well. The differences in these calls aid the white rhinos in identifying each other and communicating over long distances. The white rhinoceros is quick and agile and can run 50 km/h (31 mph).

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effort for these rhinos is having moved them from Dvur Kralove Zoo in the Czech Republic to Kenya's Ol Pejeta Conservancy on 20 December 2009, where they have been under constant watch every day, and have been given favorable climate and diet, to which they have adapted well, to boost their chances of reproducing.

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In 2013, poaching rates for white rhinos nearly doubled from the previous year. As a result, the white rhino has now received Near Threatened status as its total population tops out at 20,000 members. Poaching of the animal has gone virtually unchecked in most of Africa, and the non-violent nature of

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Historically, the major factor in the decline of white rhinos was uncontrolled hunting in the colonial era, but now poaching for their horn is the primary threat. The white rhino is particularly vulnerable to hunting because it is a large and relatively unaggressive animal with very poor eyesight and

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Cows reach sexual maturity at 6–7 years of age while bulls reach sexual maturity between 10 and 12 years of age. Courtship is often a difficult affair. The bull stays beyond the point where the cow acts aggressively and will give out a call when approaching her. The bull chases and or blocks the way

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The head and body length is 3.7–4 m (12.1–13.1 ft) in bulls and 3.35–3.65 m (11.0–12.0 ft) in cows, with the tail adding another 70 cm (28 in), and the shoulder height is 170–186 cm (5.58–6.10 ft) in the bull and 160–177 cm (5.25–5.81 ft) in the cow.

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that eat grass, preferring the shortest grains, the white rhinoceros is one of the largest pure grazers. It drinks twice a day if water is available, but if conditions are dry it can live four or five days without water. It spends about half of the day eating, one-third resting, and the rest of the

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A popular albeit widely discredited theory of the origins of the name "white rhinoceros" is a mistranslation from Dutch to English. The English word "white" is said to have been derived by mistranslation of the Dutch word "wijd", which means "wide" in English. The word "wide" refers to the width of

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populations of South Africa and Eswatini are included in Appendix II for the exclusive purpose of allowing international trade in live animals to appropriate and acceptable destinations and hunting trophies. The population of Namibia is included in Appendix II for the exclusive purpose of allowing

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in Kenya, and only two remain alive. Females Najin and Fatu are still living, while males Suni and Sudan died in 2014 and 2018, respectively. The northern white rhinos had been transferred to Ol Pejeta Conservancy from the Dvůr Králové Zoo in 2009 in an attempt to protect the taxa in their natural

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The northern white rhino is critically endangered to the point that only two of these rhinos are known to remain in the world, both in captivity. Several conservation tactics have been taken to prevent this subspecies from disappearing from the planet. Perhaps the most notable type of conservation

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Despite the lack of scientific evidence, the rhino horn is highly prized in traditional Asian medicine, where it is ground into a fine powder or manufactured into tablets to be used as a treatment for a variety of illnesses such as nosebleeds, strokes, convulsions, and fevers. Due to this demand,

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Most white rhinos in zoos are southern white rhinos; in 2021, it was estimated that there were over 1,000 southern white rhinos in captivity worldwide. Wild-caught southern whites will readily breed in captivity given appropriate amounts of space and food, as well as the presence of other female

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White rhinos produce sounds that include a panting contact call, grunts and snorts during courtship, squeals of distress, and deep bellows or growls when threatened. Threat displays (in bulls mostly) include wiping its horn on the ground and a head-low posture with ears back, combined with snarl

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As of 2021, there were an estimated 15,940 southern white rhinos in the wild, making them by far the most abundant subspecies of rhino in the world. The number of southern white rhinos outnumbers all other rhino subspecies combined. South Africa is the stronghold for this subspecies, with 12,968

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To save the northern white rhino from extinction, Ol Pejeta Conservancy announced that it would introduce a fertile southern white rhino from Lewa Wildlife Conservancy in February 2014. They placed the male rhino in an enclosure with both female northern white rhinos in hopes to cross-breed the

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in Kenya, where scientists hoped they would successfully breed and save this subspecies from extinction. One of the two remaining in the Czech Republic died in late May 2011. Both of the last two bulls capable of natural mating died in 2014 (one in Kenya on 18 October and one in San Diego on 15

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Even with increased anti-poaching efforts in many African countries, many poachers are still willing to risk death or prison time because of the tremendous amount of money that they stand to make. Rhino horn can fetch tens of thousands of dollars per kilogram on the black market in Asia, and,

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The front horn is larger and averages 60 cm (24 in) in length, reaching as much as 166 cm (65 in) but only in cows. The white rhinoceros also has a noticeable hump on the back of its neck. Each of the four stumpy feet has three toes. The color of the body ranges from

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with excrement and urine. The dung is laid in well defined piles. It may have 20 to 30 of these piles to alert passing white rhinos that it is his territory. Another way of marking their territory is wiping their horns on bushes or the ground and scraping with their feet before

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to the African species. The ancestor of both the black and the white rhino was likely a mixed feeder, with the two lineages then specializing in browsing and grazing, respectively. The oldest definitive record of the white rhinoceros is during the mid-Early Pleistocene at

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the rhinoceros' mouth. So early English-speaking settlers in South Africa misinterpreted the "wijd" for "white" and the rhino with the wide mouth ended up being called the white rhino and the other one, with the narrow pointed mouth, was called the

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Due to their size, adult white rhinos have no natural predators (other than humans), and even young rhinos are rarely attacked or preyed on due to the mother's presence and their tough skin. One exceptional, successful attack was perpetrated by a

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subspecies. Having the male rhino with two female rhinos was expected to increase competition for the female rhinos and, in theory, should result in more mating experiences. Ol Pejeta Conservancy did not announce any news of rhino mating.

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named Vince was found shot dead in his enclosure; the poachers had removed one of his horns and had attempted to remove his second horn. This is believed to be the first time that a rhinoceros had been killed in a European zoo.

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and the African Rhino Specialist Group (ARSG) only found four animals: a solitary adult male and a group of one adult male and two adult females. In June 2008, it was reported that the species may have gone extinct in the wild.

885:. Distinct morphological and genetic differences suggest the two proposed species have been separated for at least a million years. However, the results of the research were not universally accepted by other scientists. 1200:

depending on the exact price, can be worth more than its weight in gold. Poachers are also starting to use social media sites for obtaining information on the location of rhino in popular tourist attractions (such as

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in San Diego, California, United States, had two northern white rhinos, one of which was wild-caught. On 22 November 2015, a 41-year-old female named Nola (born in 1974), which had been on loan from the

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rhino. This suggests the origin of the word was before codification by Dutch writers. A review of Dutch and Afrikaans literature about the rhinoceros has failed to produce any evidence that the word

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White rhinos live in crashes or herds of up to 14 animals (usually mostly cows). Sub-adult bulls will congregate, often in association with an adult cow. Most adult bulls are

3324: 499:. The northern subspecies has very few remaining individuals, with only two confirmed left in 2018 (two females: Fatu, 24 and Najin, 29, both in captivity at Ol Pejeta). 2922: 1828: 1277:

rhinos of breeding age. However, for reasons that are not currently understood, the rate of reproduction is extremely low among captive-born southern white females.

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photographs posted online by unsuspecting tourists. By using GPS coordinates of rhinos in recent photographs, poachers can more easily find and kill their targets.

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The white rhinoceros is the largest of the five living species of rhinoceros. By mean body mass, the white rhinoceros falls behind only the three extant species of

4439: 2970: 1868: 2693: 816:, while a small population survives in Mozambique. Populations have also been introduced outside of the former range of the species to Kenya and Zambia. 663:, and the researchers concluded that these animals consumed more than 30% browse in their diet, suggesting that these are not the fossils of the extant 1127:) formerly ranged over parts of northwestern Uganda, southern Chad, southwestern Sudan, the eastern part of Central African Republic, and northeastern 3257: 4434: 1289:

in Dvůr Králové, Czech Republic) since 1989, was euthanized after experiencing a downturn in health. On 14 December 2014, a 44-year-old male named

3559: 3513: 2749: 643:, evolved in order to facilitate consumption of shorter grasses that resulted from the long-term trend to drier conditions in Africa. However, if 551:

An alternative name for the white rhinoceros, more accurate but rarely used, is the square-lipped rhinoceros. The white rhinoceros' generic name,

4238: 4424: 2839: 4303: 4277: 3077: 2993: 4464: 3354: 3239: 2553: 3503: 2709: 1556:"Pliocene Rhinocerotidae (Mammalia) from Hadar and Dikka (Lower Awash, Ethiopia), and a revision of the origin of modern African rhinos" 2658: 2023:"The microbial community in the feces of the white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) as determined by barcoded pyrosequencing analysis" 1740: 1459: 2081:

African Elephants and Rhinos: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan: Action Plan for the Conservation of Biological Diversity 10

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in the Czech Republic. Four of the six rhinos (which were also the only reproductive animals of this subspecies) were transported to

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despite a considerable mass overlap between these two species. It has a massive body and large head, a short neck and broad chest.

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Hernesniemi, E.; Giaourtsakis, I.X.; Evans, A.R. & Fortelius, M. (2011). "Chapter 11 Rhinocerotidae". In Harrison, T. (ed.).

4295: 3498: 3156: 2926: 2566: 2537: 2404: 2267: 2240: 2213: 1675: 1667: 1615: 1535: 1340: 4256: 1836: 1743:, in: Werdelin, L., Sanders, W.J. (eds), Cenozoic mammals of Africa. University of California Press, Berkeley, pp. 669–683 4454: 3540: 1135:, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) but in August 2005, ground and aerial surveys conducted under the direction of 4459: 3240:"Scientific Detective Work in Practice: Trying to Solve the Mystery of Poor Captive-born White Rhinoceros Reproduction" 3128: 1432: 796:

individuals recorded in 2021. There are smaller reintroduced populations within the historical range of the species in

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international trade in live animals for in-situ conservation only and only within the natural and historical range of

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and has often been considered a fossil and ancestral subspecies to the latter. The study also doubts the ancestry of

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Palaeontology and Geology of Laetoli: Human Evolution in Context. Volume 2: Fossil Hominins and the Associated Fauna

1322: 2726: 2419:"Restoration of a megaherbivore: Landscape-level impacts of white rhinoceros in Kruger National Park, South Africa" 1241: 1155:. Although there are no measurable health benefits, the horn is sought after for traditional medicine and jewelry. 1128: 4444: 4308: 3592: 3376: 2808: 1814: 2618:"Large predators and their prey in a southern African savanna: a predator's size determines its prey size range" 1574: 893: 3482: 2865: 4401: 4141: 3468: 2455:"Contact Calls of the Northern and Southern White Rhinoceros Allow for Individual and Species Identification" 983:

Chromosome set of a female northern white rhino. Fibroblast derived iPS cells. G-banding and giemsa staining.

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rhinos in Africa by Denis Geraads has suggested, however, that the species from Langebaanweg is of the genus

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as the largest land animal and terrestrial mammal alive today. It weighs slightly more on average than a

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pride on a sick bull white rhinoceros, which weighed 1,540 kg (3,400 lb), and occurred in

3216: 1921:"The Sixth Rhino: A Taxonomic Re-Assessment of the Critically Endangered Northern White Rhinoceros" 1406: 1136: 2363: 2006: 1391: 1293:

died of old age at the San Diego Zoo. The other four captive northern white rhinos were loaned to

1286: 866: 4087: 3600: 3412: 2997: 1318: 592: 4334: 2095:"An experimental cropping scheme of Hippopotami in the Letaba river of the Kruger National Park" 1330: 4243: 4103: 3545: 3188: 1093: 764: 669: 2257: 603:, which lived around 7 million years ago. Remains of this white rhino have been found at 4329: 3746: 3183: 2706: 2230: 1298:

habitat. The only two northern white rhinos left are maintained under 24-hour armed guard in

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A northern white rhinoceros crosses the equator during translocation to Ol Pejeta Conservancy

667:, which only eats grass. It is suggested that the real lineage of the white rhino should be: 292: 275: 2094: 4355: 4186: 4049: 3161: 2466: 2034: 1932: 1205: 1201: 1181: 4269: 3518: 3464: 2556:" The behaviour of ungulates and its relation to management. IUCN, Morges (1974): 341–351. 1188: 639:. It has been suggested that the modern white rhino's skull, which is longer than that of 8: 4429: 3939: 3581: 3523: 3302: 1039: 1015: 897:

A diagram showing the size of small and large white rhino individuals compared to humans.

851: 651:, then the shorter skull could indicate a browsing species. Teeth of fossils assigned to 484: 398: 364: 330: 128: 3842: 2591: 2470: 2038: 1936: 3897: 3157:"Scientists have successfully created embryos of the near-extinct northern white rhino" 3133: 2639: 2529: 2497: 2454: 2317: 2304: 2284: 2184: 2057: 2022: 1955: 1920: 1791:. IUCN/SSC African Rhino Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. 1722: 1586: 1578: 1506: 1266: 727: 660: 500: 435: 175: 111: 3575: 1607:

Evolving Eden: An Illustrated Guide to the Evolution of the African Large-mammal Fauna

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The Behavior Guide to African Mammals: Including Hoofed Mammals, Carnivores, Primates

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Recently, an alternative scenario has been proposed under which the earliest African

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Hidden Animals: A Field Guide to Batsquatch, Chupacabra, and Other Elusive Creatures

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and is the most social of all rhino species. The white rhinoceros consists of two

4347: 4316: 3530: 2948: 2713: 2479: 2203: 2047: 1945: 1709: 1692: 1661: 1605: 1525: 1117: 1000: 773: 737: 629: 143: 4282: 1163: 4040: 3833: 3664: 3624: 1044: 926: 232: 3402: 3298:"A northern white rhino has died. There are now five left in the entire world" 2675: 2522: 854:. Formerly found in several countries in East and Central Africa south of the 4418: 4264: 4126: 4058: 3954: 3707: 2488: 1992: 1377: 1326: 778: 711: 560: 252: 148: 62: 2435: 2418: 2384: 2111: 1350: 1035: 3930: 3870: 3824: 2783: 2506: 2326: 2300: 2066: 1964: 1718: 1097: 992: 906: 604: 120: 3021:"Stick to Foodstagramming: Poachers May Be Following Your Safari Pictures" 1869:"Death of rare northern white rhino leaves species on brink of extinction" 4321: 4225: 4152: 4135: 3680: 2453:

Cinková, Ivana; Policht, Richard (5 June 2014). Mathevon, Nicolas (ed.).

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fell by 60% between 2013 and 2021, to an estimated 3,529 individuals.

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Young rhino with mother at Rhino and Lion Nature Reserve, Johannesburg

4230: 4199: 3587: 2971:"Poachers Break into French Zoo, Kill White Rhino And Steal His Horn" 1659: 1630: 1152: 1108: 1012: 996: 608: 587: 192: 87: 31: 4097: 2179: 2162: 1523: 1501: 1482: 948:. The average weight of a horn is about 4.0 kilograms (8.8 pounds). 495:, with an estimated 16,803 wild-living animals, and the much rarer 4381: 4204: 4120: 3658: 3652: 3646: 3274: 3129:"Scientists Fertilize Eggs From the Last Two Northern White Rhinos" 3105: 1225: 1148: 1055: 902: 813: 805: 801: 723: 715: 599:

The white rhinoceros of today was said to be likely descended from

212: 77: 72: 57: 52: 42: 1335:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 634–635. 633:, given that it shows closer affinities with the black rhinoceros 4396: 4022: 3978: 3689: 3074:"Male Southern White Rhino Introduced in Endangered Species Boma" 1332:

Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference

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sp. (as yet unnamed), and with black rhinos being descended from

503:, the world's last known male northern white rhinoceros, died in 92: 67: 3047:"Scientists seek to create new rhinos with stem cell technology" 2750:"News | Poachers kill last four wild northern white rhinos" 2205:

Megaherbivores: The Influence of Very Large Body Size on Ecology

1633:"Isotopic palaeoecology of Makapansgat Limeworks Perissodactyla" 4191: 3795: 3786: 3771: 3640: 2079:

Cumming, D. H. M., Du Toit, R. F., & Stuart, S. N. (1990).

1759:"African and Asian Rhinoceroses Status, Conservation and Trade" 941: 934: 855: 809: 612: 537: 406:

Southern white rhino distribution range according to the IUCN.

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Northern white rhino distribution range according to the IUCN.

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People Not Poaching: The Communities and IWT Learning Platform

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and their relatives), which are keratin with a bony core, and

4342: 4005: 3818: 3804: 3757: 3716: 3552:"Rare White Rhino Dies, Leaving Only Four Left on the Planet" 2659:"The past and present distribution of some African ungulates" 1299: 1270: 726:. This species is proposed to have been diversified into the 504: 165: 159: 3212:"'Amazing': New embryo made of nearly extinct rhino species" 2615: 2385:

Ceratotherium simum genome sequencing at the Broad Institute

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A female northern white rhino shot in the early 20th century

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Stephen J. O'Brien, Joan C. Menninger and William G. Nash:

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Wroe, S.; Crowther, M.; Dortch, J. & Chong, J. (2004).

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10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0451:PRMFHA]2.0.CO;2

1089: 945: 938: 1693:"Perissodactyla (Rhinocerotidae and Equidae) from Kanapoi" 1011:

White rhinos are found in grassland and savannah habitat.

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African Rhino. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan

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was ever used to describe the rhino outside of oral use.

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Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

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Sponheimer, M.; Reed, K. & Lee-Thorp, J.A. (2001).

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Initially, six northern white rhinoceros lived in the

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First test tube White Rhinoceros born at Budapest Zoo

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Poachers kill one of last two white rhinos in Zambia

3260:. North County Times (11 June 2007) via Web Archive. 2923:"Poachers Kill Rhino in Brazen Attack at French Zoo" 2093:

Pienaar, U. de V.; Van Wyk, P.; Fairall, N. (1966).

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Skinner, J. D. & Chimimba, Christian T. (2005).

429: Presence uncertain & assisted colonisation 3101:"Northern white rhino eggs successfully fertilized" 2521: 2119: 3355:"Události ČT: Ve Dvoře Králové oplakávají Nabiré" 3044: 2086: 536:. Ironically, Dutch (and Afrikaans) later used a 423: Extant and assisted colonisation (Resident) 377: Extant and assisted colonisation (Resident) 4416: 3246:. Zoological Society of San Diego. pp. 1–3. 2949:"Poachers kill rhino for his horn at French zoo" 2784:"Rhino poaching in Africa reaches all-time high" 2663:Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 2416: 1480: 1457: 858:, this subspecies is a grazer in grasslands and 4440:Mammals of the Democratic Republic of the Congo 3404:The Last Two Northern White Rhinos in the World 3377:"Northern White Rhinos | Ol Pejeta Conservancy" 3295: 2890:. National Geographic. Retrieved 25 March 2018. 2255: 2228: 1919:Groves, C.P.; Fernando, P; Robovský, J (2010). 1451: 754:. The first two of these are extinct; however, 3271:"Endangered white rhino dies at San Diego Zoo" 2452: 1892: 1843: 1753: 1751: 1749: 1553: 1527:The Mammals of the Southern African Sub-region 1211: 3608: 3401:Svenska, Anneka; Ross, Tom (16 August 2019). 2519: 2195: 2160: 2130: 2007:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T4183A45813838.en 1866: 1433:"World's last male northern white rhino dies" 1392:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T4185A45813880.en 2616:Radloff, F. G. & Du Toit, J. T. (2004). 2417:Cromsigt, J. P. G. M.; Te Beest, M. (2014). 1895:"Last male northern white rhino is put down" 1603: 1080:White rhino female and young grazing in the 819: 784: 540:of the English word, and now also call it a 3411:(Documentary). Event occurs at 1:36–1:46. 3400: 2991: 2528:. University of California Press. pp. 2399:John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken 2005, 2020: 1971: 1912: 1746: 1530:. Cambridge University Press. p. 567. 1399: 27:Temporal range: Early Pleistocene - Recent 3615: 3601: 2656: 2554:The social system of the white rhinoceros. 2355: 2201: 2021:Bian, G.; Ma, L.; Su, Y.; Zhu, W. (2013). 1977: 1624: 1610:. Columbia University Press. p. 224. 1366: 397: 363: 329: 137: 110: 3546:New baby rhino from frozen sperm – Madrid 3514:Narrated video about the White Rhinoceros 3237: 3231: 2886:Dell'Amore, Christine (17 January 2014). 2857: 2674: 2633: 2513: 2496: 2478: 2434: 2316: 2178: 2110: 2056: 2046: 2005: 1954: 1944: 1708: 1500: 1474: 1390: 991:of the white rhinoceros is 2581.22 Mb. A 582: 3018: 2694:Rhino Information – Northern White Rhino 1893:Ellis-Petersen, Hannah (20 March 2018). 1826: 1265:Pair of white rhinos at the Tobu Zoo in 1251: 1215: 1162: 1107: 1066: 1054: 1021: 978: 958: 950: 911: 892: 829: 586: 522: 514: 417: Extant and reintroduced (Resident) 4435:Mammals of the Central African Republic 3250: 3155:Dahir, Abdi Latif (11 September 2019). 3098: 2782:Szabo, Christopher (9 September 2013). 2707:West African black rhino feared extinct 2235:. Other Places Publishing. p. 63. 1690: 1549: 1547: 1187:In March 2017, poachers broke into the 1006: 4417: 4020: 3126: 3045:Sullivan, Deborah (20 December 2014). 2863: 2834: 2832: 2830: 2692:International Rhino Foundation. 2002. 2688: 2686: 2361: 1810: 1808: 1780: 1597: 1517: 1362: 1360: 916:White rhinos have three distinct toes. 842:or northern square-lipped rhinoceros ( 4425:IUCN Red List near threatened species 4102: 4101: 3596: 3415:from the original on 17 November 2021 3154: 2996:. National Geographic. Archived from 2781: 2777: 2775: 2747: 2448: 2446: 2156: 2154: 2152: 1317: 1026:White rhinoceros wallowing in the mud 683:, with the Langebaanweg rhinos being 4402:2F7648FB-0BFF-45F1-A739-808780C15079 3296:Ohlheiser, Abby (15 December 2014). 3209: 2083:. IUCN/SSC-AESG, Gland, Switzerland. 1851:Rare white rhino dies at safari park 1787:Emslie, R. & Brooks, M. (1999). 1668:Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 1544: 4465:Taxa named by William John Burchell 2827: 2683: 2232:Namibia (Other Places Travel Guide) 2135:. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 1993:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1805: 1378:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1357: 479:) is the largest extant species of 13: 3347: 2809:"Rhino Horn Use: Fact vs. Fiction" 2772: 2443: 2149: 1563:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 1425: 1116:The southern white rhino lives in 659:in South Africa were analysed for 14: 4476: 3458: 3099:Ciaccia, Chris (26 August 2019). 2727:"WWF | Northern White Rhino" 1867:Drazen Jorgic (19 October 2014). 1827:Johnston, Raymond (2 June 2011). 575:, is derived from the Greek term 338:White rhinoceros original range. 4082: 4081: 3868: 3127:Fortin, Jacey (28 August 2019). 2635:10.1111/j.0021-8790.2004.00817.x 2262:. Greenwood Press. p. 185. 1849:Young, Ricky (14 December 2014) 1640:South African Journal of Science 1191:, which is located in France. A 1129:Democratic Republic of the Congo 925:, in which they differ from the 179: 35: 3678: 3394: 3369: 3317: 3289: 3263: 3258:Northern white rhinos in danger 3203: 3176: 3148: 3120: 3092: 3066: 3038: 3012: 2985: 2963: 2941: 2915: 2893: 2880: 2864:Bürger, Vicus (28 March 2015). 2840:"African rhino poaching crisis" 2801: 2741: 2719: 2699: 2650: 2609: 2584: 2559: 2546: 2410: 2389: 2378: 2333: 2276: 2249: 2222: 2133:The New Encyclopedia of Mammals 2073: 2014: 1886: 1860: 1820: 1733: 1684: 1247: 1103: 1050: 579:(σιμός), meaning "flat nosed". 483:. It has a wide mouth used for 3483:International Rhino Foundation 3437: 3238:Swaisgood, Ron (Summer 2006). 3210:Cara, Anna (15 January 2020). 3019:Stampler, Laura (7 May 2014). 2925:. 7 March 2017. Archived from 2397:Atlas of Mammalian Chromosomes 2208:. Cambridge University Press. 2202:Owen-Smith, R. Norman (1992). 1311: 888: 1: 2866:"Stropery: Koerier praat uit" 2748:Smith, Lewis (17 June 2008). 1305: 559:in 1868, is derived from the 3541:Rhino Webcam at Zoo Budapest 2480:10.1371/journal.pone.0098475 2048:10.1371/journal.pone.0070103 1946:10.1371/journal.pone.0009703 1710:10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.07.013 879:phylogenetic species concept 781:in Tanzania, around 1.8 Ma. 507:on 19 March 2018 at age 45. 16:Species of large land mammal 7: 3556:news.nationalgeographic.com 3052:The San Diego Union-Tribune 2596:African Wildlife Foundation 1212:Modern conservation tactics 1172:generally living in herds. 1158: 1125:Ceratotherium simum cottoni 844:Ceratotherium simum cottoni 591:Southern white rhinos near 308:Ceratotherium simum cottoni 10: 4481: 4455:Mammals of Southern Africa 3493:World Wide Fund for Nature 3331:(in Czech). Archived from 2992:Gwin, Peter (March 2012). 1857:. Retrieved 25 March 2018. 1407:"Rhino population figures" 1123:The northern white rhino ( 823: 788: 676:Ceratotherium mauritanicum 623:, as the type specimen of 4460:Mammals described in 1817 4371: 4110: 4079: 4004: 3976: 3952: 3928: 3895: 3878: 3867: 3863: 3688: 3677: 3673: 3635: 3444:Ceratotherium simum simum 2676:10.1017/S0030605300006815 2622:Journal of Animal Ecology 1873:The Sydney Morning Herald 1817:. olpejetaconservancy.org 1481:Groves, Colin P. (1972). 1458:Rookmaaker, Kees (2003). 1282:San Diego Zoo Safari Park 1240:On 22 August 2019, using 1193:southern white rhinoceros 1082:Pilanesberg National Park 974: 840:northern white rhinoceros 826:Northern white rhinoceros 820:Northern white rhinoceros 791:Southern white rhinoceros 785:Southern white rhinoceros 555:, given by the zoologist 510: 497:northern white rhinoceros 493:southern white rhinoceros 441: 434: 405: 396: 371: 362: 337: 328: 317:Ceratotherium simum simum 305: 300: 281: 274: 176:Scientific classification 174: 157: 135: 126: 118: 109: 23: 3430: 2951:. BBC News. 7 March 2017 2756:. London. Archived from 2712:20 February 2007 at the 2256:Newton, Michael (2009). 2229:Allen, Jeremiah (2010). 1137:African Parks Foundation 471:square-lipped rhinoceros 3580:genome assembly in the 3529:6 February 2007 at the 3519:White Rhino description 3381:olpejetaconservancy.org 2901:"Rhino Poaching Update" 2567:"Factfile: white rhino" 2436:10.1111/1365-2745.12218 2295:(Supplement 3): S34–6. 2112:10.4102/koedoe.v9i1.778 1554:Geraads, Denis (2005). 1059:A white rhinoceros calf 593:Waterberg National Park 527:In Solio Reserve, Kenya 411: Extant (Resident) 4445:Mammals of South Sudan 4050:South American tapir ( 3277:. AP. 22 November 2015 2592:"Wildlife: Rhinoceros" 2520:Richard Estes (1991). 2368:Smithsonian Misc. Coll 2364:"The white rhinoceros" 2341:"Buyers of Rhino Horn" 2301:10.1098/rsbl.2003.0095 2161:Groves, C. P. (1972). 2131:Macdonald, D. (2001). 1329:; Reeder, D.M (eds.). 1323:"Order Perissodactyla" 1273: 1229: 1168: 1113: 1094:Mala Mala Game Reserve 1084: 1060: 1027: 984: 967: 956: 917: 898: 835: 670:Ceratotherium neumayri 596: 583:Taxonomy and evolution 528: 520: 391: Possibly extinct 119:A white rhinoceros in 4330:Paleobiology Database 3940:Sumatran rhinoceros ( 3473:Rhino Resource Center 3184:"Living on the brink" 2815:. PBS. 20 August 2008 1815:Northern White Rhinos 1604:Turner, Alan (2004). 1295:Ol Pejeta Conservancy 1264: 1219: 1166: 1133:Garamba National Park 1111: 1079: 1058: 1025: 982: 962: 954: 915: 896: 883:Ceratotherium cottoni 871:Ol Pejeta Conservancy 848:critically endangered 833: 706:(now synonymous with 704:Ceratotherium efficax 645:Ceratotherium praecox 641:Ceratotherium praecox 625:Ceratotherium praecox 621:Ceratotherium praecox 601:Ceratotherium praecox 590: 526: 518: 3747:Przewalski's horse ( 3627:(Odd-toed ungulates) 3469:White Rhino Pictures 2696:. 19 September 2006. 2000:: e.T4183A45813838. 1691:Geraads, D. (2020). 1385:: e.T4185A45813880. 1220:White rhinoceros at 1202:Kruger National Park 1182:Kruger National Park 1040:mark their territory 1007:Behavior and ecology 702:is considered to be 627:should, in fact, be 4142:Ceratotherium simum 4112:Ceratotherium simum 3907:Indian rhinoceros ( 3630:species by suborder 3582:UCSC Genome Browser 3562:on 15 December 2017 3449:Ceratotherium simum 3303:The Washington Post 3256:Eastman, Q. (2007) 3000:on 19 February 2012 2973:. NPR. 7 March 2017 2729:. Worldwildlife.org 2705:IUCN (7 July 2006) 2657:Sydney, J. (1965). 2471:2014PLoSO...998475C 2362:Heller, E. (1913). 2165:Ceratotherium simum 2039:2013PLoSO...870103B 1982:Ceratotherium simum 1978:Emslie, R. (2020). 1937:2010PLoSO...5.9703G 1739:Geraads, D., 2010. 1485:Ceratotherium simum 1371:Ceratotherium simum 1367:Emslie, R. (2020). 1204:) by searching for 1151:, most recently by 963:Closeup of skin at 852:extinct in the wild 758:is very similar to 756:C. germanoafricanum 743:C. germanoafricanum 665:Ceratotherium simum 567:(κέρας) "horn" and 476:Ceratotherium simum 285:Ceratotherium simum 129:Conservation status 3988:Black rhinoceros ( 3964:White rhinoceros ( 3916:Javan rhinoceros ( 3778:African wild ass ( 3335:on 5 November 2014 3134:The New York Times 2903:. Siyabonga Africa 2813:Nature: Rhinoceros 2423:Journal of Ecology 1670:pp. 275–294. 1274: 1230: 1169: 1114: 1085: 1061: 1028: 985: 968: 957: 944:, which are solid 918: 899: 836: 728:Middle Pleistocene 597: 571:(θηρίον) "beast". 529: 521: 4450:Mammals of Uganda 4412: 4411: 4104:Taxon identifiers 4095: 4094: 4075: 4074: 4071: 4070: 4014: 4000: 3999: 3889: 3859: 3858: 3855: 3854: 3749:E. f. przewalskii 3722: 3699: 3628: 3489:White Rhino entry 3479:White Rhino entry 3329:zoodvurkralove.cz 3080:on 9 October 2014 2539:978-0-520-08085-0 2405:978-0-471-35015-6 2269:978-0-313-35906-4 2242:978-0-9822619-6-5 2215:978-0-521-42637-4 2171:Mammalian Species 1677:978-90-481-9961-7 1617:978-0-231-11944-3 1537:978-0-521-84418-5 1492:Mammalian Species 1342:978-0-8018-8221-0 1262: 1077: 1038:. Dominant bulls 750:, and the extant 720:Early Pleistocene 710:, known from the 459: 458: 453: 353: Southern ( 343: Northern ( 169: 152: 4472: 4405: 4404: 4392: 4391: 4390: 4373:Rhinoceros simus 4364: 4363: 4351: 4350: 4338: 4337: 4325: 4324: 4312: 4311: 4299: 4298: 4286: 4285: 4273: 4272: 4260: 4259: 4247: 4246: 4234: 4233: 4221: 4220: 4208: 4207: 4195: 4194: 4182: 4181: 4169: 4168: 4156: 4155: 4146: 4145: 4144: 4131: 4130: 4129: 4099: 4098: 4085: 4084: 4041:Mountain tapir ( 4018: 4017: 4013: 4012: 4008: 3893: 3892: 3888: 3887: 3883: 3865: 3864: 3834:Mountain zebra ( 3758:Domestic horse ( 3721: 3720: 3712: 3703: 3702: 3698: 3697: 3693: 3675: 3674: 3626: 3617: 3610: 3603: 3594: 3593: 3571: 3569: 3567: 3558:. Archived from 3509:Philadelphia Zoo 3465:White Rhino Info 3452: 3441: 3425: 3424: 3422: 3420: 3398: 3392: 3391: 3389: 3387: 3373: 3367: 3366: 3364: 3362: 3357:(in Czech). CT24 3351: 3345: 3344: 3342: 3340: 3321: 3315: 3314: 3312: 3310: 3293: 3287: 3286: 3284: 3282: 3267: 3261: 3254: 3248: 3247: 3235: 3229: 3228: 3226: 3224: 3207: 3201: 3200: 3198: 3196: 3180: 3174: 3173: 3171: 3169: 3152: 3146: 3145: 3143: 3141: 3124: 3118: 3117: 3115: 3113: 3096: 3090: 3089: 3087: 3085: 3070: 3064: 3063: 3061: 3059: 3042: 3036: 3035: 3033: 3031: 3016: 3010: 3009: 3007: 3005: 2989: 2983: 2982: 2980: 2978: 2967: 2961: 2960: 2958: 2956: 2945: 2939: 2938: 2936: 2934: 2919: 2913: 2912: 2910: 2908: 2897: 2891: 2884: 2878: 2877: 2875: 2873: 2861: 2855: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2836: 2825: 2824: 2822: 2820: 2805: 2799: 2798: 2796: 2794: 2779: 2770: 2769: 2767: 2765: 2745: 2739: 2738: 2736: 2734: 2723: 2717: 2703: 2697: 2690: 2681: 2680: 2678: 2654: 2648: 2647: 2637: 2613: 2607: 2606: 2604: 2602: 2588: 2582: 2581: 2579: 2577: 2571:savetherhino.org 2563: 2557: 2552:Owen-Smith, N. " 2550: 2544: 2543: 2527: 2517: 2511: 2510: 2500: 2482: 2450: 2441: 2440: 2438: 2414: 2408: 2393: 2387: 2382: 2376: 2375: 2359: 2353: 2352: 2350: 2348: 2343:. Poaching Facts 2337: 2331: 2330: 2320: 2280: 2274: 2273: 2253: 2247: 2246: 2226: 2220: 2219: 2199: 2193: 2192: 2182: 2158: 2147: 2146: 2128: 2117: 2116: 2114: 2090: 2084: 2077: 2071: 2070: 2060: 2050: 2018: 2012: 2011: 2009: 1975: 1969: 1968: 1958: 1948: 1916: 1910: 1909: 1907: 1905: 1890: 1884: 1883: 1881: 1879: 1864: 1858: 1847: 1841: 1840: 1835:. Archived from 1824: 1818: 1812: 1803: 1802: 1784: 1778: 1777: 1775: 1773: 1763: 1755: 1744: 1737: 1731: 1730: 1712: 1688: 1682: 1681: 1657: 1648: 1647: 1637: 1628: 1622: 1621: 1601: 1595: 1594: 1560: 1551: 1542: 1541: 1521: 1515: 1514: 1504: 1478: 1472: 1471: 1455: 1449: 1448: 1446: 1444: 1429: 1423: 1422: 1420: 1418: 1411:SaveTheRhino.org 1403: 1397: 1396: 1394: 1364: 1355: 1354: 1315: 1287:Dvůr Králové Zoo 1263: 1222:Seoul Grand Park 1078: 867:Dvůr Králové Zoo 846:) is considered 708:C. mauritanicum) 636:Diceros bicornis 557:John Edward Gray 534:black rhinoceros 463:white rhinoceros 447: 445:Rhinoceros simum 428: 422: 416: 410: 401: 390: 389: 382: 376: 367: 352: 342: 333: 287: 184: 183: 163: 146: 141: 140: 114: 104: 34: 24:White rhinoceros 21: 20: 4480: 4479: 4475: 4474: 4473: 4471: 4470: 4469: 4415: 4414: 4413: 4408: 4400: 4395: 4386: 4385: 4380: 4367: 4359: 4354: 4346: 4341: 4333: 4328: 4320: 4317:Observation.org 4315: 4307: 4302: 4294: 4289: 4281: 4276: 4268: 4263: 4255: 4250: 4242: 4237: 4229: 4224: 4216: 4211: 4203: 4198: 4190: 4185: 4177: 4172: 4164: 4159: 4151: 4149: 4140: 4139: 4134: 4125: 4124: 4119: 4106: 4096: 4091: 4067: 4059:Malayan tapir ( 4032:Baird's tapir ( 4010: 4009: 3996: 3972: 3948: 3924: 3885: 3884: 3882: 3874: 3851: 3843:Grévy's zebra ( 3714: 3713: 3711: 3695: 3694: 3692: 3684: 3669: 3631: 3625:Perissodactyla 3621: 3565: 3563: 3550: 3531:Wayback Machine 3461: 3456: 3455: 3442: 3438: 3433: 3428: 3418: 3416: 3399: 3395: 3385: 3383: 3375: 3374: 3370: 3360: 3358: 3353: 3352: 3348: 3338: 3336: 3323: 3322: 3318: 3308: 3306: 3294: 3290: 3280: 3278: 3269: 3268: 3264: 3255: 3251: 3236: 3232: 3222: 3220: 3208: 3204: 3194: 3192: 3182: 3181: 3177: 3167: 3165: 3153: 3149: 3139: 3137: 3125: 3121: 3111: 3109: 3097: 3093: 3083: 3081: 3072: 3071: 3067: 3057: 3055: 3043: 3039: 3029: 3027: 3017: 3013: 3003: 3001: 2990: 2986: 2976: 2974: 2969: 2968: 2964: 2954: 2952: 2947: 2946: 2942: 2932: 2930: 2929:on 8 March 2017 2921: 2920: 2916: 2906: 2904: 2899: 2898: 2894: 2885: 2881: 2871: 2869: 2862: 2858: 2848: 2846: 2838: 2837: 2828: 2818: 2816: 2807: 2806: 2802: 2792: 2790: 2780: 2773: 2763: 2761: 2760:on 29 June 2011 2746: 2742: 2732: 2730: 2725: 2724: 2720: 2714:Wayback Machine 2704: 2700: 2691: 2684: 2655: 2651: 2614: 2610: 2600: 2598: 2590: 2589: 2585: 2575: 2573: 2565: 2564: 2560: 2551: 2547: 2540: 2518: 2514: 2451: 2444: 2415: 2411: 2394: 2390: 2383: 2379: 2360: 2356: 2346: 2344: 2339: 2338: 2334: 2281: 2277: 2270: 2254: 2250: 2243: 2227: 2223: 2216: 2200: 2196: 2180:10.2307/3503966 2159: 2150: 2143: 2129: 2120: 2091: 2087: 2078: 2074: 2019: 2015: 1976: 1972: 1917: 1913: 1903: 1901: 1891: 1887: 1877: 1875: 1865: 1861: 1848: 1844: 1839:on 5 June 2011. 1825: 1821: 1813: 1806: 1799: 1785: 1781: 1771: 1769: 1761: 1757: 1756: 1747: 1738: 1734: 1689: 1685: 1678: 1658: 1651: 1635: 1629: 1625: 1618: 1602: 1598: 1558: 1552: 1545: 1538: 1522: 1518: 1502:10.2307/3503966 1479: 1475: 1456: 1452: 1442: 1440: 1439:. 20 March 2018 1431: 1430: 1426: 1416: 1414: 1405: 1404: 1400: 1365: 1358: 1343: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1252: 1250: 1214: 1161: 1118:Southern Africa 1106: 1067: 1053: 1009: 1001:sex chromosomes 977: 891: 828: 822: 793: 787: 774:southern Europe 738:northern Africa 733:C. mauritanicum 693:Diceros praecox 661:carbon isotopes 649:Diceros praecox 630:Diceros praecox 585: 513: 430: 426: 424: 420: 418: 414: 412: 408: 392: 387: 386: 384: 380: 378: 374: 358: 350: 348: 340: 315: 296: 289: 283: 270: 178: 170: 153: 144:Near Threatened 142: 138: 131: 105: 103: 102: 101: 100: 95: 90: 85: 80: 75: 70: 65: 60: 55: 50: 45: 40: 29: 28: 25: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4478: 4468: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4452: 4447: 4442: 4437: 4432: 4427: 4410: 4409: 4407: 4406: 4393: 4377: 4375: 4369: 4368: 4366: 4365: 4352: 4339: 4326: 4313: 4300: 4287: 4274: 4261: 4248: 4235: 4222: 4209: 4196: 4183: 4170: 4157: 4147: 4132: 4116: 4114: 4108: 4107: 4093: 4092: 4080: 4077: 4076: 4073: 4072: 4069: 4068: 4066: 4065: 4056: 4047: 4038: 4028: 4026: 4015: 4002: 4001: 3998: 3997: 3995: 3994: 3984: 3982: 3974: 3973: 3971: 3970: 3960: 3958: 3950: 3949: 3947: 3946: 3942:D. sumatrensis 3936: 3934: 3926: 3925: 3923: 3922: 3913: 3903: 3901: 3890: 3886:(Rhinoceroses) 3880:Rhinocerotidae 3876: 3875: 3861: 3860: 3857: 3856: 3853: 3852: 3850: 3849: 3840: 3831: 3825:Plains zebra ( 3812: 3811: 3802: 3793: 3784: 3765: 3764: 3755: 3754: 3753: 3725: 3723: 3700: 3696:(Horse family) 3686: 3685: 3671: 3670: 3668: 3667: 3665:Laurasiatheria 3661: 3655: 3649: 3643: 3636: 3633: 3632: 3620: 3619: 3612: 3605: 3597: 3591: 3590: 3585: 3572: 3548: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3521: 3516: 3511: 3506: 3501: 3496: 3486: 3476: 3460: 3459:External links 3457: 3454: 3453: 3435: 3434: 3432: 3429: 3427: 3426: 3393: 3368: 3346: 3316: 3288: 3262: 3249: 3230: 3202: 3175: 3147: 3119: 3091: 3065: 3037: 3011: 2984: 2962: 2940: 2914: 2892: 2879: 2856: 2826: 2800: 2771: 2740: 2718: 2698: 2682: 2649: 2628:(3): 410–423. 2608: 2583: 2558: 2545: 2538: 2512: 2442: 2429:(3): 566–575. 2409: 2388: 2377: 2354: 2332: 2275: 2268: 2248: 2241: 2221: 2214: 2194: 2148: 2141: 2118: 2085: 2072: 2013: 1970: 1911: 1885: 1859: 1842: 1833:Czech Position 1819: 1804: 1797: 1779: 1745: 1741:Rhinocerotidae 1732: 1683: 1676: 1649: 1623: 1616: 1596: 1569:(2): 451–461. 1543: 1536: 1516: 1473: 1450: 1424: 1398: 1356: 1341: 1309: 1307: 1304: 1249: 1246: 1213: 1210: 1160: 1157: 1105: 1102: 1052: 1049: 1045:urine spraying 1008: 1005: 976: 973: 890: 887: 877:Following the 824:Main article: 821: 818: 789:Main article: 786: 783: 611:. A review of 584: 581: 519:Rhinos grazing 512: 509: 457: 456: 455: 454: 450:Burchell, 1817 439: 438: 432: 431: 425: 419: 413: 407: 403: 402: 394: 393: 385: 379: 373: 369: 368: 360: 359: 349: 339: 335: 334: 326: 325: 303: 302: 298: 297: 290: 279: 278: 272: 271: 264: 262: 258: 257: 250: 246: 245: 243:Rhinocerotidae 240: 236: 235: 233:Perissodactyla 230: 226: 225: 220: 216: 215: 210: 206: 205: 200: 196: 195: 190: 186: 185: 172: 171: 158: 155: 154: 136: 133: 132: 127: 124: 123: 116: 115: 107: 106: 98: 97: 96: 91: 86: 81: 76: 71: 66: 61: 56: 51: 46: 41: 36: 26: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4477: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4431: 4428: 4426: 4423: 4422: 4420: 4403: 4398: 4394: 4389: 4383: 4379: 4378: 4376: 4374: 4370: 4362: 4357: 4353: 4349: 4344: 4340: 4336: 4331: 4327: 4323: 4318: 4314: 4310: 4305: 4301: 4297: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4279: 4275: 4271: 4266: 4262: 4258: 4253: 4249: 4245: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4227: 4223: 4219: 4214: 4210: 4206: 4201: 4197: 4193: 4188: 4184: 4180: 4175: 4171: 4167: 4162: 4158: 4154: 4148: 4143: 4137: 4133: 4128: 4122: 4118: 4117: 4115: 4113: 4109: 4105: 4100: 4090: 4089: 4078: 4064: 4062: 4057: 4055: 4053: 4052:T. terrestris 4048: 4046: 4044: 4039: 4037: 4035: 4030: 4029: 4027: 4025: 4024: 4019: 4016: 4007: 4003: 3993: 3991: 3986: 3985: 3983: 3981: 3980: 3975: 3969: 3967: 3962: 3961: 3959: 3957: 3956: 3955:Ceratotherium 3951: 3945: 3943: 3938: 3937: 3935: 3933: 3932: 3927: 3921: 3919: 3914: 3912: 3910: 3905: 3904: 3902: 3900: 3899: 3894: 3891: 3881: 3877: 3873: 3872: 3866: 3862: 3848: 3846: 3841: 3839: 3837: 3832: 3830: 3828: 3822: 3821: 3820: 3814: 3813: 3810: 3808: 3803: 3801: 3799: 3794: 3792: 3790: 3785: 3783: 3781: 3775: 3774: 3773: 3767: 3766: 3763: 3761: 3756: 3752: 3750: 3745: 3744: 3743: 3741: 3735: 3734: 3733: 3727: 3726: 3724: 3718: 3710: 3709: 3704: 3701: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3682: 3676: 3672: 3666: 3662: 3660: 3656: 3654: 3650: 3648: 3644: 3642: 3638: 3637: 3634: 3629: 3618: 3613: 3611: 3606: 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884: 880: 875: 872: 868: 863: 861: 857: 853: 850:and possibly 849: 845: 841: 832: 827: 817: 815: 811: 807: 803: 799: 792: 782: 780: 779:Olduvai Gorge 775: 771: 767: 766: 761: 757: 753: 749: 745: 744: 739: 735: 734: 729: 725: 721: 717: 713: 712:Late Pliocene 709: 705: 701: 700:Ceratotherium 696: 694: 690: 686: 685:Ceratotherium 682: 678: 677: 672: 671: 666: 662: 658: 654: 653:Ceratotherium 650: 646: 642: 638: 637: 632: 631: 626: 622: 618: 617:Ceratotherium 614: 610: 606: 602: 594: 589: 580: 578: 574: 570: 566: 562: 558: 554: 553:Ceratotherium 549: 547: 543: 539: 535: 525: 517: 508: 506: 502: 498: 494: 490: 486: 482: 478: 477: 472: 468: 464: 451: 446: 443: 442: 440: 437: 433: 404: 400: 395: 383: Extinct 370: 366: 361: 356: 346: 345:C. s. cottoni 336: 332: 327: 324: 322: 318: 313: 309: 304: 299: 294: 288: 286: 280: 277: 276:Binomial name 273: 269: 268: 267:C. simum 263: 260: 259: 256: 255: 254:Ceratotherium 251: 248: 247: 244: 241: 238: 237: 234: 231: 228: 227: 224: 221: 218: 217: 214: 211: 208: 207: 204: 201: 198: 197: 194: 191: 188: 187: 182: 177: 173: 167: 161: 156: 150: 145: 134: 130: 125: 122: 117: 113: 108: 94: 89: 84: 79: 74: 69: 64: 59: 54: 49: 44: 39: 33: 22: 19: 4372: 4111: 4086: 4060: 4051: 4043:T. pinchaque 4042: 4033: 4021: 3989: 3977: 3965: 3963: 3953: 3941: 3931:Dicerorhinus 3929: 3918:R. sondaicus 3917: 3909:R. unicornis 3908: 3896: 3871:Ceratomorpha 3869: 3844: 3835: 3826: 3817: 3815: 3806: 3797: 3788: 3780:E. africanus 3779: 3770: 3768: 3759: 3748: 3739: 3738:Wild horse ( 3730: 3728: 3706: 3679: 3576: 3564:. Retrieved 3560:the original 3555: 3499:Honolulu Zoo 3448: 3443: 3439: 3417:. Retrieved 3409:Animal Watch 3408: 3403: 3396: 3384:. Retrieved 3380: 3371: 3359:. Retrieved 3349: 3337:. Retrieved 3333:the original 3328: 3319: 3307:. Retrieved 3301: 3291: 3279:. Retrieved 3265: 3252: 3243: 3233: 3221:. Retrieved 3215: 3205: 3193:. Retrieved 3187: 3178: 3168:11 September 3166:. Retrieved 3160: 3150: 3138:. Retrieved 3132: 3122: 3110:. Retrieved 3104: 3094: 3082:. Retrieved 3078:the original 3068: 3056:. Retrieved 3050: 3040: 3028:. Retrieved 3024: 3014: 3002:. Retrieved 2998:the original 2994:"Rhino Wars" 2987: 2975:. Retrieved 2965: 2953:. Retrieved 2943: 2931:. Retrieved 2927:the original 2917: 2905:. Retrieved 2895: 2882: 2870:. Retrieved 2859: 2847:. Retrieved 2817:. Retrieved 2812: 2803: 2791:. Retrieved 2787: 2762:. Retrieved 2758:the original 2753: 2743: 2731:. Retrieved 2721: 2701: 2669:(4): 1–397. 2666: 2662: 2652: 2625: 2621: 2611: 2599:. Retrieved 2586: 2574:. 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Retrieved 1410: 1401: 1382: 1376: 1370: 1331: 1327:Wilson, D.E. 1313: 1279: 1275: 1248:In captivity 1239: 1235: 1231: 1198: 1186: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1142: 1124: 1122: 1115: 1104:Distribution 1098:South Africa 1086: 1062: 1051:Reproduction 1033: 1029: 1010: 1003:(XX or XY). 993:diploid cell 986: 969: 919: 907:hippopotamus 900: 882: 876: 864: 843: 837: 794: 763: 759: 755: 751: 741: 731: 707: 703: 699: 697: 692: 688: 684: 680: 674: 668: 664: 652: 648: 644: 640: 634: 628: 624: 620: 616: 605:Langebaanweg 600: 598: 576: 572: 568: 564: 552: 550: 545: 541: 530: 475: 474: 470: 466: 462: 460: 449: 444: 354: 344: 316: 307: 306: 284: 282: 266: 265: 253: 121:South Africa 18: 4226:iNaturalist 4136:Wikispecies 3990:D. bicornis 3819:Hippotigris 3798:E. hemionus 3760:E. caballus 3715:(including 3681:Hippomorpha 3663:Superorder 3657:Infraclass 3566:14 December 3244:CRES Report 2868:. Netwerk24 2788:Environment 2347:4 September 1145:black rhino 995:has 2 x 40 989:genome size 889:Description 862:woodlands. 765:C. neumayri 748:East Africa 689:C. neumayri 657:Makapansgat 647:is in fact 467:white rhino 355:C. s. simum 301:Subspecies 30:1.8–0 4430:Dicerotini 4419:Categories 4388:Q122365851 4061:T. indicus 4034:T. bairdii 3898:Rhinoceros 3451:in Africa. 3223:16 January 2173:(8): 1–6. 1703:: 102373. 1646:: 327–328. 1495:(8): 1–6. 1306:References 1189:Thoiry Zoo 997:autosomals 965:Lisbon Zoo 619:, but not 489:subspecies 481:rhinoceros 162:Appendix I 4006:Tapiridae 3845:E. grevyi 3827:E. quagga 3816:Subgenus 3789:E. asinus 3769:Subgenus 3729:Subgenus 3574:View the 3419:27 August 3195:3 January 3189:BBC Earth 3140:3 January 3112:27 August 2754:The Times 2489:1932-6203 1766:CITES.org 1464:Pachyderm 1319:Grubb, P. 1206:geotagged 1153:Janjaweed 1143:Like the 1013:Herbivore 955:The skull 768:from the 655:found at 609:Cape Town 595:, Namibia 261:Species: 199:Kingdom: 193:Eukaryota 4382:Wikidata 4343:Species+ 4296:14100050 4244:10228978 4150:BioLib: 4121:Wikidata 4088:Category 4011:(Tapirs) 3966:C. simum 3836:E. zebra 3807:E. kiang 3796:Onager ( 3787:Donkey ( 3740:E. ferus 3659:Eutheria 3653:Mammalia 3647:Chordata 3641:Animalia 3639:Kingdom 3527:Archived 3495:website. 3485:website. 3475:website. 3413:Archived 3361:25 March 3309:25 March 3281:25 March 3275:Fox News 3217:ABC News 3106:Fox News 3084:25 March 3058:25 March 3030:25 March 3004:25 March 2977:25 March 2955:25 March 2933:25 March 2872:25 March 2849:25 March 2819:25 March 2793:25 March 2710:Archived 2601:25 March 2576:25 March 2507:24901244 2459:PLOS ONE 2407:, S. 678 2327:15101412 2067:23922920 2027:PLOS ONE 1965:20383328 1925:PLOS ONE 1904:25 March 1878:25 March 1727:12522299 1719:28966048 1591:52105151 1470:: 88–93. 1443:20 March 1417:18 March 1351:62265494 1321:(2005). 1291:Angalifu 1226:Gwacheon 1159:Poaching 1149:poaching 1036:solitary 903:elephant 814:Eswatini 806:Zimbabwe 802:Botswana 760:C. simum 752:C. simum 730:species 724:Tanzania 718:and the 716:Ethiopia 681:C. simum 436:Synonyms 321:southern 312:northern 293:Burchell 239:Family: 223:Mammalia 213:Chordata 209:Phylum: 203:Animalia 189:Domain: 149:IUCN 3.1 4397:ZooBank 4283:1006111 4218:2440880 4127:Q159918 4023:Tapirus 3979:Diceros 3805:Kiang ( 3690:Equidae 3645:Phylum 3623:Extant 3577:cerSim1 3471:on the 3386:29 July 3339:29 July 2907:22 July 2764:7 April 2733:7 April 2644:3505651 2498:4047034 2467:Bibcode 2318:1810005 2309:4142550 2189:3503966 2058:3724812 2035:Bibcode 1986:cottoni 1956:2850923 1933:Bibcode 1772:3 April 1768:. CITES 1583:4524458 1511:3503966 1267:Saitama 1016:grazers 942:antlers 923:keratin 860:savanna 798:Namibia 770:Miocene 569:thērion 485:grazing 295:, 1817) 249:Genus: 229:Order: 219:Class: 164: ( 147: ( 99:↓ 4335:115823 4257:625001 4205:KRTTSI 4192:311503 3772:Asinus 3717:Zebras 3651:Class 3467:& 2642: 2536: 2505: 2495: 2487: 2403: 2325: 2315: 2307: 2266: 2239: 2212: 2187: 2139: 2099:Koedoe 2065: 2055: 1963: 1953: 1795: 1725: 1717: 1674: 1614: 1589: 1581: 1534: 1509: 1413:. 2015 1349: 1339: 1242:(ICSI) 999:and 2 975:Genome 935:cattle 931:bovids 856:Sahara 810:Uganda 613:fossil 563:terms 538:calque 511:Naming 491:: the 427: 421: 415: 409: 388: 381: 375: 351: 341: 4348:10255 4322:82314 4239:IRMNG 4231:43348 4166:26134 4153:33432 3732:Equus 3708:Equus 3431:Notes 2640:JSTOR 2305:JSTOR 2185:JSTOR 2105:(1). 1984:ssp. 1762:(PDF) 1723:S2CID 1636:(PDF) 1587:S2CID 1579:JSTOR 1559:(PDF) 1507:JSTOR 1325:. In 1300:Kenya 1271:Japan 927:horns 607:near 577:simos 573:Simum 565:keras 561:Greek 542:white 505:Kenya 501:Sudan 166:CITES 160:CITES 4361:3722 4309:9807 4304:NCBI 4270:4185 4265:IUCN 4252:ITIS 4213:GBIF 4200:EPPO 4179:SQFF 4161:BOLD 3568:2017 3421:2019 3388:2015 3363:2018 3341:2015 3311:2018 3283:2018 3225:2022 3197:2020 3170:2019 3142:2020 3114:2019 3086:2018 3060:2018 3032:2018 3025:Time 3006:2018 2979:2018 2957:2018 2935:2018 2909:2022 2874:2018 2851:2018 2821:2018 2795:2018 2766:2009 2735:2009 2603:2018 2578:2018 2534:ISBN 2503:PMID 2485:ISSN 2401:ISBN 2374:(1). 2349:2024 2323:PMID 2264:ISBN 2237:ISBN 2210:ISBN 2137:ISBN 2063:PMID 1998:2020 1961:PMID 1906:2018 1880:2018 1793:ISBN 1774:2023 1715:PMID 1672:ISBN 1612:ISBN 1532:ISBN 1445:2018 1419:2023 1383:2020 1347:OCLC 1337:ISBN 1280:The 1090:lion 987:The 946:bone 939:deer 838:The 812:and 691:via 546:wijd 461:The 38:PreꞒ 4356:TSA 4291:MSW 4278:MDD 4187:EoL 4174:CoL 3491:on 3481:on 2844:WWF 2671:doi 2630:doi 2532:-. 2530:323 2493:PMC 2475:doi 2431:doi 2427:102 2313:PMC 2297:doi 2293:271 2175:doi 2107:doi 2053:PMC 2043:doi 2002:doi 1951:PMC 1941:doi 1705:doi 1701:140 1571:doi 1497:doi 1437:CNN 1387:doi 1224:in 929:of 772:of 746:in 736:in 722:of 714:of 469:or 4421:: 4399:: 4384:: 4358:: 4345:: 4332:: 4319:: 4306:: 4293:: 4280:: 4267:: 4254:: 4241:: 4228:: 4215:: 4202:: 4189:: 4176:: 4163:: 4138:: 4123:: 3823:: 3776:: 3736:: 3554:. 3407:. 3379:. 3327:. 3300:. 3273:. 3242:. 3214:. 3186:. 3159:. 3131:. 3103:. 3049:. 3023:. 2842:. 2829:^ 2811:. 2786:. 2774:^ 2752:. 2685:^ 2665:. 2661:. 2638:. 2626:73 2624:. 2620:. 2594:. 2569:. 2501:. 2491:. 2483:. 2473:. 2461:. 2457:. 2445:^ 2425:. 2421:. 2372:61 2370:. 2366:. 2321:. 2311:. 2303:. 2291:. 2287:. 2183:. 2169:. 2151:^ 2121:^ 2101:. 2097:. 2061:. 2051:. 2041:. 2029:. 2025:. 1996:. 1990:. 1959:. 1949:. 1939:. 1927:. 1923:. 1897:. 1871:. 1853:. 1831:. 1807:^ 1764:. 1748:^ 1721:. 1713:. 1699:. 1695:. 1666:. 1652:^ 1644:97 1642:. 1638:. 1585:. 1577:. 1567:25 1565:. 1561:. 1546:^ 1505:. 1489:. 1468:34 1466:. 1462:. 1435:. 1409:. 1381:. 1375:. 1359:^ 1345:. 1302:. 1269:, 1100:. 1096:, 808:, 804:, 800:, 740:, 695:. 679:→ 673:→ 465:, 357:)) 323:) 88:Pg 32:Ma 4063:) 4054:) 4045:) 4036:) 3992:) 3968:) 3944:) 3920:) 3911:) 3847:) 3838:) 3829:) 3809:) 3800:) 3791:) 3782:) 3762:) 3751:) 3742:) 3719:) 3616:e 3609:t 3602:v 3584:. 3570:. 3423:. 3390:. 3365:. 3343:. 3313:. 3285:. 3227:. 3199:. 3172:. 3144:. 3116:. 3088:. 3062:. 3034:. 3008:. 2981:. 2959:. 2937:. 2911:. 2876:. 2853:. 2823:. 2797:. 2768:. 2737:. 2716:. 2679:. 2673:: 2667:3 2646:. 2632:: 2605:. 2580:. 2542:. 2509:. 2477:: 2469:: 2463:9 2439:. 2433:: 2351:. 2329:. 2299:: 2272:. 2245:. 2218:. 2191:. 2177:: 2167:" 2163:" 2145:. 2115:. 2109:: 2103:9 2069:. 2045:: 2037:: 2031:8 2010:. 2004:: 1988:" 1980:" 1967:. 1943:: 1935:: 1929:5 1908:. 1882:. 1801:. 1776:. 1729:. 1707:: 1680:. 1620:. 1593:. 1573:: 1540:. 1513:. 1499:: 1487:" 1483:" 1447:. 1421:. 1395:. 1389:: 1373:" 1369:" 1353:. 933:( 473:( 452:) 448:( 347:) 319:( 314:) 310:( 291:( 168:) 151:) 93:N 83:K 78:J 73:T 68:P 63:C 58:D 53:S 48:O 43:Ꞓ

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