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than cutting the radius. Bent rafters were formed from 1x3 or 1x4 inch boards. Un-surfaced boards were preferred because rough-sawn boards created more friction when laminated. For barns up to 30 feet (9.1 m) wide, rafters were commonly made from four pieces of 1x3 (actually 3/4 inches thick) random length boards with end joints of at least two feet apart nailed together and also bolted every three feet. Larger barns required stronger rafters, such as five pieces of 1x4.
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Improvements in construction methods in the early 1900s resulted in an improved Gothic-arch truss made of longer lengths of boards bent into the curved shape. The ability to create curved laminated rafters meant that the gambrel roof evolved into the more modern Gothic-arch barn. The arch allowed for
247:
together, by nailing, two or more pieces of 1x8 inch lumber with overlapping end joints and then cutting the desired radius. Before power tools were commonly available, this method was labor-intensive. It also wasted a considerable amount of lumber. The construction method gave way to bending rather
281:
Rilco produced Gothic-arches for farm buildings advertised as “factory-fabricated and engineered”, and were sold in lumber yards in standard sizes for 30–40-foot (9.1–12.2 m) wide barns. The arches were shipped in two pieces with pre-drilled holes and assembly hardware.
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for his Wells Truss System described a hybrid structure with the gambrel-roof form on the outside but Gothic-arches on the inside creating a completely unobstructed interior. Over 200 such barns were built in 1886-1942 by Wells and his sons, mostly in
196:
in 1918. It was the most popular roof design for barns sold by Sears. In 1915, Sears sold a 42-by-60-foot (13 m Ă— 18 m) Gothic-arch barn for $ 1,500. All materials were pre-cut and finished and shipped by
119:
in 1885. Arches were cut from boards nailed together. These early arches were not sufficiently sturdy, but did allow for structures free of heavy timbers. Advancing framing techniques for trusses made of
171:
became an easier way to handle, transport, and store hay. As barns were prominent structures, the attractive contour of the Gothic-arch was desirable and believed to contribute to the value of a farm.
100:, which consumed interior space in the structure. Also, in the United States, as settlement moved westward into areas without large stands of hardwood trees, such material became very expensive.
285:
The
Tomlinson Lumber Co sold pre-cut materials for a 34 by 50 feet (10 m Ă— 15 m) dairy barn with a Gothic-arched roof supported by three-ply rafters in 1958 throughout Minnesota.
925:
140:, became a popular technique for framing gambrel roofs. This design required diagonal braces from within the roof to the floor preventing unobstructed use of both the loft and the barn.
77:
instead of straight ones. The roof could extend to the ground making the roof and walls a complete arch, or be built as an arched roof on top of traditionally framed walls.
177:
magazine predicted in 1916 that the Gothic-arch barn "would become the most prevalent construction type built on successful dairy barns." The barns became popular in the
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and large amounts of hay storage space for fodder was no longer necessary, removing the need for large haylofts. Another factor was that the concurrent availability of
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69:. These became economically feasible when arch members could be formed by a lamination process. The distinctive roofline features a center peak as in a
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valley. Each farm typically included of one or two Gothic-arch or
Gambrel-roof barns. Today, these barns provide the most historic connection to the
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Although the technique was generally outdated at the time, a guide to making a Gothic-arch truss cut from straight 1x8 was published by the
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in the early 1900s, and even more so in the 1910s as advances in the lamination process allowed larger rafters to be fabricated.
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34:
356:. This design utilized a unique truss with the lower chord Gothic-arch-shaped. Two Wells barns are located on the NRHP-listed
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condensed hay by a factor of eight so that the hay that was still required could be stored in much less space. By the 1960s,
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Manufactured glued laminated wooden arches were first seen in the United States in 1934, offered by Unit
Structures Inc. of
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412:
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were covered and stored on the ground, so even dairy farmers that still relied on hay did not need indoor storage space.
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Rochester
Institute of Technology: Industrial Development and Educational Innovation in an American City, 1829-2006
251:
Later arched rafters were formed without nails or bolts; the multiple layers were glued together with a waterproof
17:
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947:"National Register of Historic Places Registration: Michael J. Fitzmaurice South Dakota Veterans Home Barn"
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The clear span within the loft was important to minimize operating labor costs in filling the loft with
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from around 1905 to the 1940s. The Gothic-arch design was featured on both the front and back cover of
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Design of
Shawver Truss, a predecessor to the Gothic-arch that provided a mostly open loft
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822:(261). Madison, WI: United States Department of Agriculture Forest Product Laboratory
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348:
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The popularity of arch-roofed barns peaked in the 1930s when farms transitioned from
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922:"National Register of Historic Places Registration: Isaac Cox Cobblestone Farmstead"
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Honor-Bilt was a division of Sears that sold mail-order buildings beginning in 1908
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in the barn spanning the entire width without any roof supports obstructing use.
613:. Pierre, South Dakota: South Dakota State Historical Society Press. p. 53.
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319:'s Rural Resettlement Project built 37 100-acre (40 ha) farms in the
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under pressure. Such assemblies approached the strength of solid timbers.
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on marginally productive land. The
Boundary Farms Project, run by the
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New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and
Historic Preservation
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barns, in use for many hundreds of years, required large timbers as
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545:"Obendorf. George. Gothic Arch Truss Bar NRHP Registration Form"
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in the late 19th-century; the first occurrence may have been in
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and its original Gothic-arch barn, eligible for listing on the
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262:. Other early manufacturers were Rilco Laminated Products of
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163:(feed stock) for animals by using compressed air to blow the
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into the loft. Storing loose hay was common before compact
58:
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Complete architectural plan for a Gothic-arch barn by the
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270:
Lumber
Company; and Super Structures, also in Minnesota.
335:, is used in the headquarters complex as a classroom.
132:—introduced in 1904 and invented by John L Shawver of
813:"Segmental Rafters For Gothic-Roofed Farm Buildings"
278:increased interest in structural laminated timber.
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128:, which was strong and free of heavy timbers. The
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611:Homesteading and Agricultural Development Context
327:-era project. One farm is now located within the
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311:relocated destitute farmers that had originally
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938:
758:"Design of the glued, laminated, bent rafter"
900:, RIT Cary Graphic Arts Press, p. 251,
307:A late 1930s government program in northern
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628:
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572:Jiusto, Chere; Brown, Christine W. (2011).
571:
913:
190:The Book of Barns - Honor-Bilt-Already Cut
37:, built from Sears Roebuck parts, in Idaho
400:Herman F. Micheel Gothic Arched-Roof Barn
292:for a Gothic-arch barn appeared in 1916.
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231:
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29:
783:"Planning and Building Farm Structures"
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14:
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609:Brooks, Allyson; Jacon, Steph (1994).
382:George Obendorf Gothic Arch Truss Barn
35:George Obendorf Gothic Arch Truss Barn
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184:Barns of all kinds were available by
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333:National Register of Historic Places
201:to the customer for local assembly.
990:1925 patent "Gothic Roof for Barns"
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842:"Aftermath of the Homesteading Act"
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729:"NRHP Nomination form Beamer Barn"
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243:Rafters were first constructed by
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980:Design of cut Gothic-arch rafters
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945:Chris B. Nelson (March 3, 2009).
920:Robert T. Englert (August 2002).
575:Hand Raised: The Barns of Montana
329:Kootenai National Wildlife Refuge
792:. Minnesota Historic Farms Study
439:
425:
411:
288:The first published plans by an
27:Type of barn with curved rafters
358:Isaac Cox Cobblestone Farmstead
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700:. Voyageur Press. p. 75.
578:. Montana Historical Society.
472:
111:The Gothic arch originated in
73:, but with symmetrical curved
13:
1:
499:Falk, Cynthia (May 1, 2012).
485:
343:An 1889 patent by contractor
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299:Forest Products Lab in 1958.
507:. Cornell University Press.
317:Farm Security Administration
238:US Department of Agriculture
7:
460:American historic carpentry
453:
10:
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80:
376:Hot Springs, South Dakota
138:laminated straight boards
894:Gordon, Dane R. (2007),
811:Doyle, D.V. (Dec 1958).
635:Agricultural Engineering
631:"Gothic Roofs for Barns"
629:Kirkpatrick, W. (1920).
465:
419:State Soldiers Home Barn
372:State Soldiers Home Barn
179:Midwestern United States
107:Gothic-arch design guide
61:whose profile is in the
660:Fisher, Sharon (2012).
43:Gothic-arched roof barn
666:. Arcadia Publishing.
447:Herman F. Micheel Barn
240:
148:
108:
38:
951:National Park Service
303:Kootenai River valley
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222:large round hay bales
192:catalog published by
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874:wellsbarnhistory.com
760:. Iowa State College
694:Leffingwell, Randy.
386:Canyon County, Idaho
404:White, South Dakota
395:Gove County, Kansas
264:St. Paul, Minnesota
260:Peshtigo, Wisconsin
134:Bellefontaine, Ohio
98:timber roof trusses
345:John Talcott Wells
266:, a subsidiary of
241:
149:
122:dimensional lumber
109:
96:, and rafters and
39:
1005:Gothic-arch barns
907:978-1-933360-23-2
756:William D. Test.
707:978-1-61060-353-9
673:978-0-7385-9540-5
585:978-0-9759196-9-9
514:978-0-8014-6445-4
349:Garbutt, New York
16:(Redirected from
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364:Notable examples
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18:Wells truss barn
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954:. Retrieved
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518:. Retrieved
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272:World War II
268:Weyerhaeuser
257:
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228:Construction
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175:Idaho Farmer
174:
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158:
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126:gambrel roof
110:
84:
55:rainbow arch
54:
50:
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42:
40:
433:Beamer Barn
402:(1920), in
393:(1924), in
391:Beamer Barn
313:homesteaded
253:casein glue
124:led to the
67:Gothic arch
65:shape of a
51:Gothic barn
999:Categories
964:two photos
931:2009-10-01
486:References
384:(1919) in
374:(1929) in
339:Wells Barn
325:Depression
245:laminating
218:hay balers
186:mail order
71:gable roof
956:March 17,
290:architect
212:-powered
136:—made of
879:April 2,
854:April 2,
826:April 2,
796:April 2,
741:April 2,
736:kshs.org
645:April 1,
641:(1): 31–
554:April 2,
520:April 1,
454:See also
214:tractors
210:gasoline
199:railroad
113:Michigan
849:fws.gov
549:nps.gov
81:History
75:rafters
904:
764:Apr 1,
713:Apr 1,
704:
679:Apr 1,
670:
591:Apr 1,
582:
511:
165:fodder
161:stover
154:haymow
63:ogival
1010:Barns
962:With
845:(PDF)
816:(PDF)
786:(PDF)
732:(PDF)
697:Barns
466:Notes
309:Idaho
276:steel
169:bales
94:beams
90:posts
57:is a
958:2018
902:ISBN
881:2018
856:2018
828:2018
798:2018
766:2018
743:2018
715:2018
702:ISBN
681:2018
668:ISBN
663:Kuna
647:2018
593:2018
580:ISBN
556:2018
522:2018
509:ISBN
297:USDA
92:and
59:barn
347:of
53:or
49:or
45:or
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
