1167:
604:
131:, weak nouns are masculine nouns that all have the same inflection except in the nominative singular and sometimes the genitive singular.
253:
plural ending of a weak noun. Some nouns can be declined either with this mixed paradigm or as fully weak; for example,
597:
1439:
1257:
1249:
1465:
949:
768:
665:
590:
635:
491:
showing a-breaking instead of u-breaking. Some borrowings may exhibit similar behaviour, e.g, singular
264:
Some weak nouns have a strong inflection in colloquial speech. For example, the standard accusative of
1359:
859:
1171:
680:
934:
1305:
1132:
1041:
1376:
1267:
1262:
1239:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1001:
794:
630:
314:
The noun is derived from the present participle of a verb, in which case the plural ends in
1381:
1315:
1147:
1104:
1006:
869:
829:
484:
8:
1162:
1142:
789:
582:
1328:
1295:
1221:
1206:
1191:
1181:
1094:
1089:
1079:
874:
804:
799:
561:
285:
31:
249:) have a mixed inflection, being strong in the singular but having the characteristic
1285:
1211:
1186:
1109:
974:
919:
889:
849:
257:"neighbor" may be declined strong in the singular, though its plural is always weak (
1323:
1216:
1196:
1046:
1011:
929:
724:
1231:
1152:
1114:
1099:
979:
969:
884:
879:
819:
685:
655:
128:
23:
1413:
1371:
1333:
1235:
964:
954:
944:
839:
834:
814:
809:
738:
613:
374:
has two plurals, depending on the meaning. If it means an enemy, the plural is
42:
1459:
1338:
1290:
1157:
1137:
1016:
914:
864:
844:
824:
62:
1427:
1401:
1391:
1364:
1226:
959:
924:
899:
854:
675:
1084:
894:
773:
734:
699:
690:
556:
96:
27:
1444:
1343:
1300:
1277:
1201:
1036:
939:
909:
904:
758:
753:
660:
650:
640:
86:
1434:
1396:
1176:
993:
748:
670:
1423:
1418:
85:
is not an example of the weak inflection, since it was produced by
1408:
1124:
729:
645:
119:), but these have all either disappeared or become strong nouns.
45:
has only two vestiges of the weak noun inflection in common use:
113:
1386:
1071:
763:
743:
362:) belong to this class with some irregularities. The plural of
292:
are considered weak if they fulfill the following conditions:
522:
hnoĂ°a (a woollen ball, most often encountered in fairy-tales)
709:
622:
289:
214:
German has many more weak nouns than
English; for example,
443:
in all cases. (If there is a plural, it may end in either
612:
503:
An almost exhaustive list of neuter weak nouns follows:
421:
is the accusative, dative and genitive for one Greek).
471:) without further alterations with the exception of
81:, the latter also being a double plural. The word
573:
535:Then there are a small number of borrowings like
463:in the singular in all cases. The plural ends in
1457:
598:
605:
591:
547:etc. none of which require translation.
1458:
382:). If it means a demon, the plural is
586:
499:. Most of these are words for organs.
241:Some nouns such as the neuter noun
13:
487:. The genitive plural, however is
432:, the other singular cases end in
389:Exceptions do exist, for instance
303:, the other singular cases end in
99:had many more weak nouns, such as
14:
1477:
576:Íslensk málfræði Námsgagnastofnun
16:Nouns that follow weak inflection
428:The nominative singular ends in
299:The nominative singular ends in
318:(but the singular follows the
73:have the optional plural forms
30:. They are present in several
1:
567:
413:. Both, incidentally, end in
467:(but the genitive plural in
326:An example of the latter is
279:
272:, but the strong inflection
7:
550:
26:paradigm, in contrast with
10:
1482:
1440:Syntax–semantics interface
574:Björn Guðfinnsson (1958).
65:. Additionally, the words
37:
1352:
1314:
1276:
1248:
1123:
1070:
992:
782:
717:
708:
621:
510:bjĂşga (a type of sausage)
122:
860:Exceptional case-marking
483:in the plural through u-
22:are nouns that follow a
378:(note the retention of
114:
666:Initial-stress-derived
417:in the oblique cases (
401:. The same applies to
1177:Inclusive / Exclusive
439:The singular ends in
61:, the latter being a
1057:Relative subsective
950:Regular / Irregular
795:Andative / Venitive
631:Abstract / Concrete
276:may also be heard.
139:
1466:Icelandic language
616:and their features
614:Lexical categories
562:Icelandic language
286:Icelandic language
134:
57:, whose plural is
49:, whose plural is
32:Germanic languages
1453:
1452:
1258:Casally modulated
1163:Formal / Informal
1052:Pure intersective
1002:Anti-intersective
988:
987:
935:Preterite-present
212:
211:
111:"dragon" (plural
1473:
1032:Non-intersective
715:
714:
607:
600:
593:
584:
583:
579:
513:eista (testicle)
479:) which becomes
140:
133:
117:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1471:
1470:
1456:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1348:
1310:
1272:
1244:
1172:Gender-specific
1119:
1066:
984:
870:Germanic strong
778:
704:
617:
611:
570:
553:
282:
125:
40:
24:weak inflection
17:
12:
11:
5:
1479:
1469:
1468:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1416:
1414:Procedure word
1411:
1406:
1405:
1404:
1399:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1372:Complementizer
1369:
1368:
1367:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1320:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1282:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1254:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1168:Gender-neutral
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1133:Bound variable
1129:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1076:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
998:
996:
990:
989:
986:
985:
983:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
790:Ambitransitive
786:
784:
780:
779:
777:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
732:
727:
721:
719:
712:
706:
705:
703:
702:
697:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
627:
625:
619:
618:
610:
609:
602:
595:
587:
581:
580:
569:
566:
565:
564:
559:
552:
549:
533:
532:
529:
528:milta (spleen)
526:
523:
520:
519:hjarta (heart)
517:
514:
511:
508:
501:
500:
453:
452:
437:
324:
323:
312:
281:
278:
210:
209:
204:
199:
195:
194:
189:
184:
180:
179:
174:
169:
165:
164:
159:
154:
150:
149:
146:
143:
124:
121:
103:"eye" (plural
43:Modern English
39:
36:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1478:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1329:Interrogative
1327:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1296:Interrogative
1294:
1292:
1291:Demonstrative
1289:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1241:
1240:Prepositional
1237:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1227:Strong / Weak
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1192:Interrogative
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1138:Demonstrative
1136:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1105:Prepositional
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1095:Interrogative
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1017:Demonstrative
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
999:
997:
995:
991:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
875:Germanic weak
873:
871:
868:
866:
865:Frequentative
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
805:Autocausative
803:
801:
800:Anticausative
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
787:
785:
781:
775:
772:
770:
769:Transgressive
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
722:
720:
716:
713:
711:
707:
701:
698:
696:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
628:
626:
624:
620:
615:
608:
603:
601:
596:
594:
589:
588:
585:
577:
572:
571:
563:
560:
558:
555:
554:
548:
546:
542:
538:
531:nýra (kidney)
530:
527:
524:
521:
518:
515:
512:
509:
506:
505:
504:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
457:
456:
450:
446:
442:
438:
435:
431:
427:
426:
425:
422:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
387:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
321:
317:
313:
310:
306:
302:
298:
297:
296:
293:
291:
287:
277:
275:
271:
267:
262:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
239:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
208:
205:
203:
200:
197:
196:
193:
190:
188:
185:
182:
181:
178:
175:
173:
170:
167:
166:
163:
160:
158:
155:
152:
151:
147:
144:
142:
141:
137:
132:
130:
120:
118:
116:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
63:double plural
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
35:
33:
29:
25:
21:
1428:Pro-sentence
1402:Onomatopoeia
1392:Interjection
1365:Measure word
1148:Distributive
1042:Postpositive
1022:Intersective
975:Unaccusative
920:Performative
890:Intransitive
850:Ditransitive
694:
676:Noun adjunct
575:
544:
540:
536:
534:
525:lunga (lung)
502:
496:
492:
488:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
459:They end in
454:
448:
444:
440:
433:
429:
423:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
388:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
338:. The words
335:
331:
327:
325:
319:
315:
308:
304:
300:
295:Masculines:
294:
283:
273:
269:
265:
263:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
240:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
213:
206:
201:
191:
186:
176:
171:
161:
156:
135:
126:
112:
108:
104:
100:
95:
90:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
58:
54:
50:
46:
41:
28:strong nouns
19:
18:
1377:Conjunction
1143:Disjunctive
1080:Conjunctive
1027:Nominalized
930:Predicative
774:Verbal noun
725:Attributive
557:Strong noun
424:Feminines:
168:Accusative
153:Nominative
97:Old English
1445:Yes and no
1360:Classifier
1344:Possessive
1306:Quantifier
1301:Possessive
1278:Determiner
1250:Adposition
1222:Resumptive
1207:Reciprocal
1202:Possessive
1182:Indefinite
1110:Pronominal
1062:Subsective
1037:Possessive
1007:Collateral
980:Unergative
970:Transitive
885:Inchoative
880:Impersonal
820:Catenative
759:Participle
754:Infinitive
686:Relational
656:Collective
636:Adjectival
568:References
516:eyra (ear)
507:auga (eye)
397:), plural
334:), plural
238:) "hero".
230:) "name",
222:) "bear",
202:des Namens
87:i-mutation
20:Weak nouns
1435:Prop-word
1397:Ideophone
1324:Discourse
1263:Inflected
1212:Reflexive
1187:Intensive
994:Adjective
965:Stretched
955:Separable
945:Reflexive
840:Denominal
835:Defective
815:Captative
810:Auxiliary
749:Gerundive
739:Nonfinite
661:Countable
495:, plural
455:Neuters:
409:) plural
280:Icelandic
207:der Namen
198:Genitive
192:den Namen
187:dem Namen
177:die Namen
172:den Namen
162:die Namen
145:Singular
75:aurochsen
1460:Category
1424:Pro-verb
1419:Pro-form
1316:Particle
1268:Stranded
1217:Relative
1197:Personal
1115:Relative
1100:Locative
1090:Genitive
915:Negative
845:Deponent
825:Compound
551:See also
336:nemendur
259:Nachbarn
157:der Name
79:brethren
59:children
1409:Preverb
1286:Article
1232:Subject
1125:Pronoun
960:Stative
925:Phrasal
900:Lexical
855:Dynamic
830:Copular
730:Converb
646:Animacy
489:hjartna
419:Grikkja
399:Grikkir
384:fjandar
376:fjendur
354:or the
332:student
328:nemandi
284:In the
255:Nachbar
183:Dative
148:Plural
138:"Name"
71:brother
67:aurochs
38:English
1387:Coverb
1382:Copula
1236:Object
1153:Donkey
1072:Adverb
1047:Proper
1012:Common
895:Labile
764:Supine
744:Gerund
735:Finite
700:Verbal
691:Strong
681:Proper
485:umlaut
481:hjörtu
473:hjarta
411:Tyrkir
391:Grikki
372:Fjandi
368:bændur
348:fjandi
346:) and
344:farmer
322:rule).
236:Helden
129:German
123:German
115:dracan
107:) and
53:, and
1353:Other
1334:Modal
1158:Dummy
910:Modal
905:Light
783:Types
718:Forms
641:Agent
541:drama
537:firma
497:drömu
493:drama
477:heart
403:Tyrki
395:Greek
364:bĂłndi
360:demon
358:or a
356:devil
352:enemy
340:bĂłndi
290:nouns
270:Bären
247:Augen
245:(pl.
234:(pl.
228:Namen
226:(pl.
220:Bären
218:(pl.
136:Namen
109:draca
105:Ä“agan
55:child
1339:Noun
1085:Flat
940:Pure
710:Verb
695:Weak
671:Mass
651:Bare
623:Noun
545:Ăľema
407:Turk
320:-i-a
243:Auge
232:Held
224:Name
101:Ä“age
77:and
69:and
51:oxen
469:-na
449:-ar
447:or
445:-ir
415:-ja
366:is
316:-ur
309:-ja
307:or
274:Bär
268:is
266:Bär
261:).
251:-en
216:Bär
127:In
91:man
89:of
83:men
1462::
1426:/
1238:/
1234:/
1170:/
737:/
693:/
543:,
539:,
465:-u
461:-a
451:.)
441:-i
434:-u
430:-a
386:.
380:je
370:.
305:-a
301:-i
288:,
93:.
47:ox
34:.
606:e
599:t
592:v
578:.
475:(
436:.
405:(
393:(
350:(
342:(
330:(
311:.
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