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By the early 20th century, the city of Berlin (now
Kitchener) had become known as "the German Capital of Canada" for its many families of German descent living in the area. The city had a German-language newspaper and schools taught German, with 80% of elementary school students enrolled in optional
338:
Granville Poyser Blood of the 118th
Battalion famously stated "Be British. Do you duty or be despised...Be British or be damned". Blood, a "fearless and fearsome leader", led members of the Battalion in a riot within the city, an act he defended by stating "I have been trained to destroy everything
310:
led to mistrust of people of German heritage. The Berlin School Board terminated the teaching of German in its schools, and in 1916, the Berlin Board of Trade suggested the city be renamed. It cited a negative effect of the city's name on business, and that making such a change would symbolize the
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included its members and descendants of the first
Mennonite families to move to the area. The tower was conceived by William Henry Breithaupt, president of the association, who wanted to commemorate the Mennonites who had moved to the area (and also the first farmers of
668:"Schoerg farmstead: first permanent European settlement Two families from Franklin County, Pennsylvania, bought land along the Grand River from m Beasley, establishing the first permanent European settlement in inland Upper Canada, which later became Waterloo County"
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The 18.9 metre tall tower was designated as a building of historical importance in 1989 and is a
Classified Federal Heritage Building that "commemorates the arrival of the Pennsylvania-German pioneers to the Waterloo region between 1800 and 1803".
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that led to the city's name change. Breithaupt, according to local historian Rych Mills, "was trying to just re-jig our history a little tiny bit because of all the troubles we went through in World War One." A group petitioned the council of the
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on a site once cleared by the first pioneers to settle the area. Its walls consist of fieldstone, its observation deck references the Grand River Trail along which the pioneers travelled, and the roof is topped by a weather vane in the shape of a
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The
Memorial Association purchased a 1.17 acres (4,700 m) parcel of land that had been part of the Betzner property from Isaac Furtney in January 1924, and construction began in May 1925. Its architect was William A. Langton of
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Joseph
Schoerg and his wife settled on Lot No.11, B.F. Beasley Black, S.R., on the bank of the Grand River opposite Doon, and Betzner and his wife settled on the west bank of the Grand, on a farm near the village of Blair.
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294:
The farmsteads built by the next generation of these families still stand, on what is now
Pioneer Tower Road in an area often called Doon; the John Betzner and David Schoerg homesteads were erected circa 1830.
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The site was acquired by the
Historic Sites Branch of the Department of the Interior in 1939, owing to the Waterloo Historical Society lacking the reserve funds to finance its maintenance. It is now owned by
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267:. Among the first of the immigrants were Samuel Betzner and Joseph Schörg or Schoerg (later called Sherk), who had travelled more than 700 kilometres (430 mi) over 10 weeks in a
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The weather vane and roof reflect the Swiss heritage of the early
Pennsylvania Dutch settlers. The design of the observation deck integrates references to
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to the polls. In the months leading up to the referendum, there was "violence, riots and intimidation, often instigated by imperialistic members" of the
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described by stating that the "outstanding feature was the absolute indifference displayed by the ratepayers". On 1 September 1916 Berlin officially
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322:, and intimidation tactics to prevent organization of an opposition movement, to deter them from casting a ballot, and from sending sufficient
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On 13 July 1923, the
Waterloo County Pioneers' Memorial Association was formed with the patronage of the Waterloo Historical Society, and its
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German classes in 1911. The city had a large manufacturing industry, whose products were stamped with "Made in Berlin, Canada".
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Supporters of the name change had taken several actions to ensure its success, including having opponents declared
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shaped as a Conestoga wagon. In 2009, the weather vane was restored, and the tapered copper roof was replaced.
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488:. Archival documents regarding the tower's conception, construction, and dedication are stored at the
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1048:""Be British or be d–d": Primary education in Berlin-Kitchener, Ontario, during the First World War"
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The plaque commemorating the Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower as a historic cultural site of Canada.
199:. This led to increasing anti-German sentiment and an eventual change in the name of the city from
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455:, opposite a water treatment plant. The 18.9-metre (62 ft) tapered tower is built of rounded
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of its residents. Despite objections to the proposal, a referendum was scheduled for May 1916.
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The Apathetic and the Defiant: Case Studies of Canadian Mutiny and Disobedience, 1812 to 1919
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On 28 June 1916, a second referendum was held to choose the new name of the city, which the
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Little Paradise, The Saga of the German Canadians of Waterloo County, Ontario 1800–1975
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504:. The site is open to the public, but since 2008 the tower is opened only by request.
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713:"Schoerg Homestead 381, Pioneer Tower Road, City of Kitchener, Ontario, N2P, Canada"
692:"Betzner Farmstead 437, Pioneer Tower Road, City of Kitchener, Ontario, N2P, Canada"
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The tower was built on a site once cleared by Betzner's son near what is now the
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519:
List of oldest buildings and structures in the Regional Municipality of Waterloo
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In the late 1700s and early 1800s, numerous Pennsylvania Dutch immigrated from
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191:. It was conceived by William Henry Breithaupt, who wanted to heal wounds of
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1366:"Natural Wonders & Cultural Treasures: Waterloo Pioneers Memorial Tower"
1141:"June 28, 1916: Exactly 346 people voted for Berlin to be renamed Kitchener"
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215:. For many years, it was depicted in the masthead of the local newspaper
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734:"Kitchener council allows heritage homeowner to build a detached garage"
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Many of the early settlers from Pennsylvania arrived in Conestoga wagons
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1229:"Descendant of Waterloo pioneers wants memorial tower open again"
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neighbourhood of Kitchener. It stands on a ridge overlooking the
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in a rural area that would eventually become part of Kitchener.
251:. They settled in several areas, particularly in what is now the
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49:
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List of historic places in Regional Municipality of Waterloo
1192:. Translated by Weissenborn, G. K. Kitchener: Allprint Co.
1163:
German Monuments in the Americas: Bonds Across the Atlantic
807:
805:
1340:
1165:. New German-American studies. Vol. 33. Peter Lang.
1073:"First World War ripped away Canada's 'age of innocence'"
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was supported by the majority of the city's residents.
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1269:. Canadian Register of Historic Places, Parks Canada
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Schörg's name is also recorded as Schoerg and Sherk.
1342:"Waterloo Pioneers Memorial Tower: Site management"
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1301:
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1283:"Kitchener mayor notes 100th year of name change"
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1738:History of the Regional Municipality of Waterloo
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1723:Buildings and structures in Kitchener, Ontario
1028:"The push for Waterloo Region's Pioneer Tower"
642:"Joseph (Schoerg) Sherk and Samuel D. Betzner"
629:Parks Canada: Waterloo Pioneers Memorial Tower
478:For many years, the tower was included in the
334:. In an address to the residents of the city,
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1368:. Parks Canada. 10 March 2015. Archived from
403:The tower commemorates the settlement by the
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1327:"Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower: MC.113"
339:of military advantage to the enemy". The
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1303:"What's In a Name? Berlin to Kitchener"
1247:Uttley, William Velores (Ben) (2010) .
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1026:Beattie, Samantha (23 November 2016).
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423:. It was dedicated on 23 August 1926.
1681:Kitchener Memorial Auditorium Complex
1405:
1227:Thompson, Catherine (15 March 2015).
1206:
922:
379:), and to heal the wounds of earlier
1251:. Wilfrid Laurier University Press.
986:Canadian Register of Historic Places
13:
1046:Coschi, Mario Nathan (June 2014).
183:to commemorate the arrival of the
14:
1764:
1703:List of municipalities in Ontario
1386:
1267:"Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower"
567:"Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower"
492:in collections MC.55 and MC.113.
16:Memorial tower in Ontario, Canada
1393:Waterloo Pioneers Memorial Tower
908:Kitchener Public Library: MC.113
328:118th (North Waterloo) Battalion
275:, Pennsylvania, and established
27:
1619:Woodside National Historic Site
1588:Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower
1449:Berlin-to-Kitchener name change
1348:. 10 March 2015. Archived from
1249:A History of Kitchener, Ontario
1207:Snell, Laurie (13 April 2016).
1071:D'Amato, Luisa (28 June 2014).
540:
502:Woodside National Historic Site
235:Berlin to Kitchener name change
177:Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower
22:Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower
1336:. Item barcode 39098022000730.
1307:Canada and the First World War
1188:Leibbrandt, Gottlieb (1980) .
726:
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684:
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1:
1139:Outhit, john (27 June 2016).
1018:
1010:Parks Canada: Site management
352:changed its name to Kitchener
228:
1161:Pohlsander, Hans A. (2010).
850:, p. 258, End note 113.
553:
426:
332:Canadian Expeditionary Force
271:. They arrived in 1800 from
195:fomented in the city during
7:
1753:Cultural history of Ontario
1568:Kitchener–Waterloo Symphony
1542:St. Mary's General Hospital
1459:Public Utilities Commission
1311:Library and Archives Canada
1116:Mantle, Craig, ed. (2007).
507:
10:
1769:
1748:Pennsylvania Dutch culture
952:, p. 14, Footnote 47.
546:Also known as a nameplate.
419:area in what later became
407:(actually Pennsilfaanisch
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1743:Towers completed in 1926
1334:Kitchener Public Library
1093:Elliot, Robbins (1988).
571:Canada's Historic Places
524:
490:Kitchener Public Library
421:Waterloo County, Ontario
255:and the three cities of
206:The tower overlooks the
141:18.9 metres (62 ft)
116:23 August 1926
768:Collections Canada 2000
161:Design and construction
97:43.400142°N 80.416220°W
1728:Mennonitism in Ontario
1309:. Collections Canada,
1233:Waterloo Region Record
1209:"Closing off the past"
1146:Waterloo Region Record
1078:Waterloo Region Record
444:
443:, atop the copper roof
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1604:Doon Heritage Village
500:, and managed by the
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308:anti-German sentiment
289:
179:was built in 1926 in
102:43.400142; -80.416220
1563:Centre In The Square
1537:Grand River Hospital
1095:Ontario Book of Days
439:, in the shape of a
388:to build the tower.
386:County of Wellington
189:Southwestern Ontario
1650:Grand River Transit
648:on 17 November 2019
201:Berlin to Kitchener
93: /
40:General information
1573:Fairview Park Mall
1433:Kitchener, Ontario
1313:. 11 November 2000
1289:. 1 September 2016
1032:Waterloo Chronicle
445:
405:Pennsylvania Dutch
372:board of directors
368:
348:Berlin News Record
292:
185:Pennsylvania Dutch
169:William A. Langton
60:Kitchener, Ontario
1733:Towers in Ontario
1710:
1709:
1691:Kitchener Rangers
1660:Ion rapid transit
1655:Kitchener station
1645:Conestoga Parkway
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146:Technical details
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1665:Iron Horse Trail
1454:Oldest buildings
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736:. 28 March 2021
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1397:Parks Canada
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1370:the original
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1346:Parks Canada
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166:Architect(s)
132:Parks Canada
56:Town or city
1635:King Street
1558:Oktoberfest
1485:Grand River
962:Elliot 1988
887:Uttley 2010
872:Outhit 2016
860:Mantle 2007
848:Mantle 2007
836:Coschi 2014
824:Coschi 2014
780:Coschi 2014
453:Grand River
417:Grand River
381:nationalism
324:scrutineers
304:World War I
253:York Region
208:Grand River
197:World War I
193:nationalism
113:Inaugurated
100: /
75:Coordinates
1717:Categories
1376:29 January
1356:29 January
1317:29 January
1293:29 January
1273:29 January
1238:29 January
1218:29 January
1152:29 January
1108:1550020331
1084:30 January
1062:30 January
1037:29 January
1019:References
923:Snell 2016
485:The Record
468:true north
457:fieldstone
341:referendum
313:patriotism
277:homesteads
233:See also:
229:Background
218:The Record
155:Fieldstone
120:1926-08-23
88:80°24′58″W
85:43°24′01″N
1686:KW Titans
1614:TheMuseum
1506:City Hall
1473:Geography
1181:1043-5808
554:Citations
427:Structure
415:) of the
261:Kitchener
257:Cambridge
181:Kitchener
48:Memorial
1494:Politics
1287:CBC News
740:29 March
718:29 March
697:29 March
676:29 March
652:29 March
576:29 March
508:See also
480:masthead
265:Waterloo
241:New York
151:Material
1597:Museums
1551:Culture
1441:History
409:Deitsch
394:Toronto
358:History
330:of the
302:During
249:Ontario
118: (
66:Country
1674:Sports
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474:Legacy
413:German
320:aliens
263:, and
138:Height
69:Canada
1583:Media
1330:(PDF)
671:(PDF)
525:Notes
128:Owner
50:tower
1378:2017
1358:2017
1319:2017
1295:2017
1275:2017
1253:ISBN
1240:2015
1220:2017
1194:ISBN
1177:ISSN
1167:ISBN
1154:2017
1126:ISBN
1103:ISBN
1086:2017
1064:2017
1058:(94)
1039:2017
742:2021
720:2021
699:2021
678:2021
654:2021
578:2021
449:Doon
435:The
243:and
175:The
45:Type
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482:of
411:or
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