Water supply and sanitation in the United States

506:(MCLs) allowed. EPA was charged with creating standards for drinking water for all public systems, defined as those that served more than 25 customers or 15 service connections. The new law required federal and state governments to closely monitor local drinking water utilities for safety and compliance with federal standards. The CWA set the unprecedented goal of eliminating all water pollution by 1985 and authorized massive expenditures of $ 24.6 billion in research and construction grants for municipal sewage treatment. The funds initially provided an incentive to build centralized wastewater collection and treatment infrastructure for municipalities, instead of decentralized systems. However, the 1977 amendments to the CWA required communities to consider alternatives to the conventional centralized sewer systems, and financial assistance was made available for such alternatives. In the mid-1990s decentralized systems served approximately 25 percent of the U.S. population, and approximately 37 percent of new housing developments. 1983:, residents claim that water is their biggest issue threatening their security and survival. Although they have water that is accessible, it is extremely contaminated therefore residents are forced to travel long distances to acquire suitable drinking water. There is a high cost that comes with attaining potable water which is why many in Central Valley have had no choice other than to relocate to different regions. Regarding the demographics of Central Valley, the population is a combination of migrants that settled in the 1900s. These migrants were Black, Latino, and Asian and the majority were low-income. This initial establishment set the tone for the current state of Central Valley today. More than 50% of all drinking water violations that are reported in California come from the Central Valley. In 2006, it was discovered that 20% of the public water in Central Valley violated the state's maximum contamination level. As a result, many are exposed to higher rates of 393: 286: 1916:

color, belong to tribal communities, and/or are immigrants. These groups often live in rural areas which are more susceptible to water quality violations than urban areas. Many of these violations are due to poor-quality sources of water and the lack of resources to maintain the current water infrastructure regulations. These violations are heightened in low-income minority communities because these communities were often disregarded when it came to drafting regulations and creating new infrastructure. A 2017 study utilized data from the Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) and discovered that a significant amount of water quality violations were associated with higher Hispanic and Black populations. In addition, low income people of color experienced more violations than low income White, non-Hispanic communities.

2168: 1943:, there has been this systemic failure to provide equal resources and services to all Americans regardless of their race or income. Individuals do not choose to have incomplete plumbing, but rather, it is a result of government policy that intentionally excluded those communities. In the 1930s, the U.S. government relocated many American Indians to rural and isolated areas. These areas lacked the resources to not only create proper water infrastructure but also employ proper sanitation techniques. In addition to this mistreatment, the passing of new laws and regulations made it difficult for Native Americans to voice their concerns which only furthered their decay regarding their access to clean water. 428:

and storm water sewer systems, thus facilitating wastewater treatment, because there was no need for large capacities to accommodate wet weather flows. Furthermore, there was a belief that the diluted combined wastewater was not harmful to receiving waters, due to the natural dilution and self-purifying capacity of rivers, lakes and the sea. In the early 20th century a debate evolved between those who thought it was in the best interest of public health to construct wastewater treatment facilities and those who believed building them was unnecessary. Nevertheless, many cities began to opt for separate sewer systems, creating favorable conditions for adding wastewater treatment plants in the future.

1557: 1847:(ASCE) gave both the U.S. drinking water and wastewater infrastructure a grade of D− in 2005, down from D in 2001. According to the report, "the nation's drinking water system faces a staggering public investment need to replace aging facilities, comply with safe drinking water regulations and meet future needs." Investment needs are about $ 19 billion/year for sanitation and $ 14 billion/year for drinking water, totaling $ 33 billion/year. State and local governments invested $ 35.1 billion in water supply and sanitation in 2008, including 16.3 billion for drinking water supply and 18.8 billion for sanitation. 2160:

to climate change, this approach now is in many cases not feasible any more. Still, supply-side management is often being pursued tapping into non-conventional water resources, in particular seawater desalination in coastal areas with high population growth. California alone had plans to build 21 desalination plants in 2006 with a total capacity of 450 million US gallons (1,700,000 m) per day, which would represent a massive 70-fold increase over current seawater desalination capacity in the state. In 2007 the largest desalination plant in the United States is the one at

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Factory 21, which used RO and high lime to clean the water (production capacity of 19,000 m per day). This plant was de-commissioned in 2004 and has since made place for a new project with a higher capacity (265,000 m per day with an ultimate capacity of 492,000 m per day), under the name of Groundwater Replenishment System. This newer scheme uses the newer technological combination of RO, MF, and ultraviolet light with hydrogen peroxide. Plans are also underway to further increase the capacity of the system, which already provides up to 20% of the water used by the country.

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committee noted that a portfolio of treatment options is available to mitigate water quality issues in reclaimed water. The report also includes a risk analysis that suggests the risk of exposure to certain microbial and chemical contaminants from drinking reclaimed water is not any higher than the risk from drinking water from current water treatment systems—and in some cases, may be orders of magnitude lower. The report concludes that adjustments to the federal regulatory framework could enhance public health protection and increase public confidence in

1972: 12596: 455: 864: 2685:. This program exceeded previous levels of financing, since Congress approved only US$ 1.5 billion of federal funding for State Revolving Funds in 2008. This was much below the historical average of US$ 3 billion/year for the Clean Water State Revolving Fund (1987–2006) and US$ 1.2 billion/year for the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (1997–2005). The share of federal funding for sanitation has declined from almost 50% in the early 1980s to about 20% in the early 1990s. A May 2016 article asserted that there has been "a 201:(SDWA). Eleven percent of Americans receive water from private (so-called "investor-owned") utilities. In rural areas, cooperatives often provide drinking water. Finally, over 13 million households are served by their own wells. The accessibility of water not only depends on geographical location, but on the communities that belong to those regions. Of the millions who lack access to clean water, the majority are low-income minority individuals. Wastewater systems are also regulated by EPA and state governments under the 2464:, USA, the Colorado River Municipal Water District implemented a project to capture treated municipal effluent from the City of Big Spring, and provide additional advanced treatment prior to blending into their raw surface water delivery system (2012). Advanced treatment of the municipal effluent consisted of MF, RO, and ultraviolet oxidation, producing very high quality water, which is blended with surface water from Lake E.V. Spence for distribution to their member and customer cities (production of 6,700 m per day). 2700:

Infrastructure and Resiliency Finance Center in 2015 to help local governments and municipal utilities design innovative financing mechanisms, including public-private partnerships. It is part of the federal government's Build American Investment Initiative. Congress amended the WIFIA program in 2015 and 2016. One of the envisaged instruments to boost financing in water infrastructure are Qualified Public Infrastructure Bonds (QPIBs), tax-exempt municipal bonds that can be used by private companies.

554: 1154: 2088:– excluding sewer tariffs – was $ 2.72 per 1,000 gallons ($ 0.72 per cubic meter) in 2000, with significant variations between localities. Average residential water tariffs for a monthly consumption of 15 cubic meters varied between $ 0.35 per cubic meter in Chicago and $ 3.01 in Atlanta in 2007. The combined water and sewer tariff was $ 0.64 in Chicago and $ 3.01 in Atlanta, with Atlanta not charging separately for sewer services. Annual combined water and sewer bills vary between $ 228 in 1760:, EPA published a revised LCR on January 15, 2021, addressing testing, pipe replacement and related issues. The rule mandates additional requirements for sampling tap water, corrosion control, public outreach and testing water in schools. The rule continues the requirement for replacement of lead service lines when the "action level" for lead is exceeded, but requires that a utility replace at least 3 percent of its lines annually, compared to 7 percent under the prior regulation. 1835:(EPA) to create a national program that would prevent underground injection activities that would endanger underground drinking sources. The EPA must regulate underground injection of fluids and wastes through wells that discharge or may release such material into or above an underground reservoir of drinkable water. The EPA has promoted several Underground Injection Control (UCI) regulations in order to protect underground reservoirs of drinkable water from being contaminated. 1923:(ACS), race was established as the biggest factor in determining people's access to clean water. In the United States, 0.3 percent of White households lack complete plumbing. When looking at this same variable under different ethnic groups, 0.5 percent of African-American and Latino households and 5.8 percent of Native-American households lack complete plumbing. The ACS highlights the disparities in access to clean water that come alongside different racial and ethnic groups. 1927:

were below the poverty line, an increase from 0% to 80% of the population being Hispanic resulted in a change in the number of violations reported from 0.10 to 0.11. However, when looking at communities where 40% were below the poverty line, the same increase in the Hispanic population resulted in a change from 0.09 to 0.17. This study concluded that these ethnic disparities in access to clean water are prominent when incorporating low-income communities as well.

1251:. Overall, about 33.5 million Americans (11% of the population) get water from a privately owned drinking water utility. In addition, 20% of all wastewater utilities in the U.S. are privately owned, many of them relatively small. About 3% of Americans get wastewater service from private wastewater utilities. In addition, more than 1,300 government entities (typically municipalities) contract with private companies to provide water and/or wastewater services. 2644: 633: 1302: 1140:. According to a non-representative survey conducted among 216 parents (173 Latinos and 43 non-Latinos), 63 (29%) never drank tap water. The share is much higher among Latinos (34%) than among non-Latinos (12%). The study concluded that many Latino families avoid drinking tap water because they fear it causes illness, resulting in greater cost for the purchase of bottled and filtered water. This notion is also repeated among Asians. 2007:(formerly the General Accounting Office) published a study examining the relationship between the location of hazardous waste sites and the racial and economic status of the surrounding residents. It was discovered that race was the greatest predictor of the location of a contamination site. Close proximity to toxic landfills and long term exposure to wastewater results in a myriad of health implications. A 2017 study performed by 2197:

and Las Vegas have also launched water conservation programs that are somewhat less comprehensive than the one in Seattle concerning indoor water use. However, Las Vegas has intentionally focused on curbing outdoor water demand, which accounts for 70% of residential water use in the city, through reductions in turf area and incentives for the use of rains sensors, irrigation controllers and pool covers. At the federal level, the

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United States Geological Survey estimates that "About 242 million people depended on water from public suppliers" in 2000. Four thousand systems provide water in localities with more than 10,000 inhabitants, and the remaining 50,000 systems provide water in localities with less than 10,000 inhabitants. In 2000, 15% of Americans (43.5 million people) relied on their own water source, usually a well, for drinking water.

777: 2666:(SRF), credits from commercial Banks or – in the case of large utilities – from bonds issued directly in the capital market. In the case of water supply (i.e. excluding sanitation), 42% of investments were financed by private sector borrowing, 39% by current revenues, 13% by government loans including the Drinking Water SRF, 5% by government grants and 1% from other sources. There are two SRFs: The larger 1661:

of residents surveyed tested positive for hookworm. These contaminated bodies of water also directly affect drinking water supplies, habitats and recreational sites, creating more issues for the environment. Overall, the cost to replace failed sewer systems and remove fecal waste from the water is typically higher than placing alternative infrastructure and maintaining adequate functioning systems.

2223:(UFW) – which includes system losses, water used for firefighting and water used in the treatment process – was estimated to be only 8% in systems with more than 500,000 connections in 2000. In comparison, the level of water losses is 7% in Germany, 19% in England and Wales, and 26% in France. Together with Germany water losses in the U.S. are thus among the lowest in 16 industrial countries. 482:, which provided for comprehensive planning, technical services, research, and financial assistance by the federal government to state and local governments for sanitary infrastructure. The Act was amended in 1965, establishing a uniform set of water quality standards and creating a Federal Water Pollution Control Administration authorized to set standards where states failed to do so. 2227:

unit tariff is independent of the level of consumption), 12% were increasing-block tariffs (the unit rate increases with consumption) and 19% were decreasing-block tariffs. The use of decreasing-block tariffs declined sharply from 45% of all tariff structures in 1992. Sewer rates are often flat rates that are not linked to consumption, thus offering no incentive to conserve water.

2309:(IRWD) was the first water district in California to receive an unrestricted use permit from the state for its recycled water; such a permit means that water can be used for any purpose except drinking. IRWD maintains one of the largest recycled water systems in the nation with more than 400 miles serving more than 4,500 metered connections. The Irvine Ranch Water District and 1548:; concerns about combined sewer overflows and drinking water quality; as well as concerns about a gap between investment needs and actual investments. Other issues are concerns about a swiftly retiring workforce, the affordability of water bills for the poor during a recession, and water fluoridation, which is opposed by some mainly on ethical and safety grounds. 1642:(NAS) to study the issue. The NAS found that there really was not a lot of information available on drinking water quality. Perhaps the most important part of the study, according to senior EPA officials responsible for implementing the 1974 law, was that it described some methodologies for doing risk assessments for chemicals that were suspected carcinogens. 2670:, created in 1987, and the smaller Drinking Water State Revolving Fund, created in 1997. They receive federal and state contributions and issue bonds. In turn, they provide soft loans to utilities in their respective states, with average interest rates at 2% for up to 20 years in the case of the Clean Water State Revolving Fund. In addition to the SRFs, the 1768:

specific locality comes from and what's in it. Consumers can find out about these local reports on a map provided by EPA. 29% of Americans are reading their water quality reports. A 2003 survey found that customers were generally satisfied with the information they are receiving from their water companies and their local or state environmental offices.

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started in 1976 with Water Factory 21, which used RO and high lime to clean the water (production capacity of 19,000 m per day). This plant was decommissioned in 2004 and has since made place for a new project with a higher capacity (265,000 m per day with an ultimate capacity of 492,000 m per day), under the name of Groundwater Replenishment System.

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in Maine to 148-US-gallon (560 L) per day in Arizona and 167-US-gallon (630 L) per day in Utah. According to a 1999 study, on average all over the U.S. 58% of domestic water use is outdoors for gardening, swimming pools etc. and 42% is used indoors. A 2016 update of the 1999 study measured the average quantities and percent shares of seven

1536:(AWE), which was created in 2007 with seed funding from the EPA to "advocate for water efficiency research, evaluation, and education" at the national level. Its Board members "represent water utilities, environmental organizations, plumbing and appliance associations, irrigation manufacturers, the academic community, government, and others." 538:(CWSRF). The intention at the time was to completely phase out federal funding after a few years. Funding peaked in 1991 and continued at high levels thereafter, despite the original intentions. New challenges arose, such as the need to address combined sewer overflows for which EPA issued a policy in 1994. In 1996 Congress established the 598:), and 1.8 million miles of distribution lines. Depending on the location and quality of the water source, all or some of these elements may be present in a particular water supply system. In addition to this infrastructure for centralized network distribution, over 13 million households rely on their own water sources, usually wells. 2019:, a parasite linked to wastewater. In addition, 73% of the participants in the study reported exposure to raw sewage inside of their homes. The establishment of contamination sites is directly linked to the location of certain racial groups, emphasizing how the accessibility of clean water disproportionately affects people of color. 2049:

method may be sustainable for a large majority of communities, groups that are located in impoverished areas do not have the financial resources to embark on large water projects. In the last several years, local and state governments have been forced to increase their spending to compensate for the withdrawal of federal funds.

502:. It was motivated by a resurgence in concern about the safety of drinking water due to breakthroughs in chemistry that revealed organic chemicals in water that were tentatively linked with cancer. This law specified a number of contaminants that must be closely monitored and reported to residents should they exceed the 2452:. In order to increase groundwater levels, the El Paso Water Utilities injects advanced treated reclaimed water into the aquifer. The advanced treatment facilities use two-stage powdered activated carbon (PAC), addition of lime, two-stage recarbonation, sand filtration, ozonation, granular activated carbon (GAC), and 2176:

water as water source. The contracted capacity corresponds to 2.4% of total municipal and industrial water use in the country in 2000. The actual share of desalinated water is lower, because some of the contracted capacity was never built or never operated, was closed down or is not operated at full capacity.

1646: 2340:, the wastewater treatment plants in Dallas/Fort Worth that collectively discharge about 2 million m per day of effluent employ nutrient removal processes. Little dilution of the effluent-dominated waters occurs as the water travels from Dallas/Fort Worth to Lake Livingston, which is one of the main drinking 1955:

consideration when crafting certain infrastructure. These communities were not accounted for and had to resort to decentralized water sources and poor sanitation techniques. The lack of inclusion of certain groups in California in water policy contributed to the overall deterioration of these regions.

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One of the most important elements of water security is early and accurate contamination detection. The EPA has issued advisory material and guidelines for contamination warning systems to be implemented in water utilities and supplies. The security challenges that utilities frequently revolve around

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is located in Southern California, USA, and houses a classic example in IPR. A large-scale artificial groundwater recharge scheme exists in the area, providing a much-needed freshwater barrier to intruding seawater. Part of the injected water consists of recycled water, starting as of 1976 with Water

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Low water tariffs and inappropriate tariff structures do not encourage water conservation. For example, decreasing-block rates, under which the unit rate decreases with consumption, offer hardly any incentive for water conservation. In 2000 about 51% of water tariffs in the U.S.were uniform (i.e. the

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In 2017, the U.S. Global Water Strategy was passed, where the U.S. Government will work with countries in order to achieve four objectives: increase access to safe drinking water, while promoting hygienes and sanitation services, protect freshwater resources, promote cooperation on shared waters, and

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which resulted in a variety of negative health effects. The city of Flint is composed of low income African Americans who experienced a shift in their water supply due to financial limitations. Their water supply was switched from the City of Detroit's Huron Water Supply to water from the Flint River

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According to the 2015 US census, one-fifth of all households are not connected to a community sewer system. Furthermore, many households have wastewater disposal systems that have inadequate treatment, such as sewage systems directly piped to nearby bodies of water and septic systems leading to fecal

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These standards are incorporated into the permits, which may include additional treatment requirements for individual plants developed on a case-by-case basis. NPDES permits must be renewed every five years. EPA has authorized 47 state agencies to issue and enforce NPDES permits. EPA regional offices

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One of the reasons for the high domestic water use in the U.S. is the high share of outdoor water use. For example, the arid West has some of the highest per capita domestic water use, largely because of landscape irrigation. Per capita domestic water use varied from 51-US-gallon (190 L) per day

617:(POTW). EPA estimated that there were at least 16,583 POTWs operating in 2004, serving a population of 222.8 million. About 860 communities in the U.S. have combined sewer systems, serving about 40 million people. In addition, at least 17% of Americans are served by on-site sanitation systems such as 2699:

Congress passed the Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act of 2014 (WIFIA) to provide an expanded credit program for water and wastewater infrastructure projects, with broader eligibility criteria than the previously authorized revolving funds. Pursuant to the act, EPA established its Water

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Historically the predominant response to increasing water demand in the U.S. has been to tap into ever more distant sources of conventional water supply, in particular rivers. Because of environmental concerns and limitations in the availability of water resources, including droughts that may be due

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and other bacterial contaminants can be found in the public water and are responsible for a number of waterborne diseases. This situation is a direct result of these communities being continuously disregarded when it comes to the implementation of policy. The combination of racial discrimination and

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discriminated against African American residents by limiting their access to water lines. When constructing these water lines, the city specifically ignored entire neighborhoods that were home to African-Americans. This incident highlights the discrimination that many disadvantaged communities faced

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Seasonal supply reductions. Many utilities depend on winter snowpack to store water and then gradually release it through snowmelt during spring and summer. Warmer temperatures will accelerate snowmelt, causing the bulk of the runoff to occur earlier and potentially increasing water storage needs in

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It was estimated that in 2002 a total of 1.7 billion US gallons (6,400,000 m) per day, or almost 3% of public water supply, were being directly reused. California reused 0.6 and Florida 0.5 billion US gallons (1,900,000 m) per day respectively. Twenty-five states had regulations

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beyond the standards set by the Energy Policy Act through the use of a special label on consumer products. The Obama administration further tightened the 2.5-gallons-per-minute rule so that fixtures with multiple showerheads could only use that amount collectively. The Trump administration loosened

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has reduced per capita water use from 152 US gallons (580 L) per day in 1990 to 97 US gallons (370 L) per day in 2007 through a comprehensive water conservation program including pricing policies, education, regulations and rebates for water-saving appliances. Other cities such as Atlanta

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However, more than 1.6 million people in the United States, in 630,000 households, still lacked basic plumbing facilities as of 2014. This includes access to a toilet, shower, or running water. Of the millions who lack access to clean water, the majority are low-income individuals who are people of

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Concerning drinking water supply, EPA estimated in 2003 that $ 276.8 billion would have to be invested between 2003 and 2023. Concerning sanitation, EPA estimated in 2007 that investment of $ 202.5 billion is needed over the next 20 years to control wastewater pollution. This includes $ 134 billion

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This pollution of water is contributed to several health concerns in the US, especially for minorities and low-income individuals. In Lowes County, Alabama, hookworm is affecting people today due to unsanitary waste disposal. 73% of residents reported to have sewage running into their homes and 34%

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About half of American drinking water utilities, or about 26,700, are privately owned, providing water to 11% of Americans served by public water systems. Most of the private utilities are small, but a few are large and are traded on the stock exchange. The largest private water company in the U.S.

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facilities were constructed in the late 19th century to treat combined wastewater because of the associated difficulties. There were only 27 U.S. cities with wastewater treatment works by 1892, most of them "treating" wastewater through land application. Of these 27 cities, 26 had separate sanitary

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in 1848. The fast-growing cities did not have sewers and relied on contaminated wells within the city confines for drinking water supply. In the mid-19th century many cities built centralized water supply systems. However, initially these systems provided raw river water without any treatment. Only

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With low income minority communities already being disproportionately affected by water access issues, the cut in federal spending only furthers the disparities that these groups face. These communities lack the resources to solve this issue on their own and look towards the federal government for

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discovered that the water in the Flint River was highly corrosive due to the inflated levels of lead found in the water. The decision to switch water sources was made on the state level and completely disregarded the potential impacts it could have had on the communities living in Flint, Michigan.

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These disparities in access to clean water are most pronounced when viewing certain minority groups that are also poor. The previous 2017 SDWIS study examined the number of violations reported when looking at different ethnic groups and their level of poverty. When looking at communities where 10%

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and California, with Irvine Ranch Water District as one of the leading developers. They were the first district to approve the use of reclaimed water for in-building piping and use in flushing toilets. In places like Florida, where it is necessary to avoid nutrient overload of sensitive receiving

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set standards for water-efficient appliances, replacing the 3.5 US gallons (13 L) per flush (gpf) toilet with a new 1.6 gpf/6 litres per flush maximum standard for all new toilets. By 1994, federal law mandated that showerheads and faucets sold in the U.S. release no more than 2.5 and 2.2 US

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performed a study and determined that in order for New York to maintain and update current water infrastructure, it would require $ 36.2 billion, a number much greater than the EPA's estimate of $ 21.8 billion. By reallocating funds to meet water infrastructure needs, the estimated gain in annual

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Water consumption in the United States is more than double that in Central Europe, with large variations among the states. In 2002 the average American family spent $ 474 on water and sewerage charges, which is about the same level as in Europe. The median household spent about 1.1 percent of its

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In a January 2012 U.S. National Research Council report, a committee of independent experts found that expanding the reuse of municipal wastewater for irrigation, industrial uses, and drinking water augmentation could significantly increase the United States' total available water resources. The

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In 2005 over 2,000 desalination plants with a capacity of more than 100m3/day had been installed or contracted in every state in the U.S. with a total capacity of more than 6 million m3/day. Only 7% of that capacity was for seawater desalination, while 51% used brackish water and 26% used river

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of 1998 requires most public water suppliers to provide consumer confidence reports, also known as annual water quality reports, to their customers. Each year by July 1 anyone connected to a public water system should receive in the mail an annual water quality report that tells where water in a

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systems, serving about 40 million people, mostly in the Northeast and the Great Lakes Region. CSO discharges during heavy storms can cause serious water pollution. A 2004 EPA report to Congress estimated that there are 9,348 CSO outflows in the U.S., discharging about 850 billion US gallons

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In 2007, there were about 155,000 PWSs in the United States, of which 52,000 CWSs. PWSs are either publicly owned, cooperatives or privately owned, serving a total of about 242 million people in 2000. EPA estimates the number of beneficiaries of community water systems at 288 million in 2007 The

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before distributing it to the public. Before efforts to clean drinking water were implemented at the turn of the 20th century, mortality among 1- to 5-year-olds in the United States in some major river cities was nearly one in five. Clean water is estimated to have reduced about three-fourths of

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is located in Southern California, USA, and houses a classic example in indirect potable reuse. A large-scale artificial groundwater recharge scheme exists in the area, providing a much-needed freshwater barrier to intruding seawater. Part of the injected water consists of recycled water, which

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The water community in the US is faced with a swiftly retiring workforce and a tightening market place for new workers. In 2008, approximately one third of executives and managers were expected to retire in the following five years. Water and sanitation utilities in the United States had 41,922

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for water accessibility had dropped nearly 70% since the 1980s. In addition, federal spending declined from $ 76 per person in 1977 to just $ 11 per person in 2014. The responsibility of funding water and sanitation projects has moved from the federal government to local governments. While this

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Between 1950 and 2000, several water infrastructure initiatives were debuted in California, but they were exclusive in the communities that they protected. During this time period, California took measures to prevent the integration of the Hispanic/Latino community which resulted in the lack of

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In 2015, 9% of 500-person-or-larger community water systems monitored by the EPA, covering approximately 21 million people, violated at least one health standard. Between 1984 and 2018, between 4 and 28% of the American population received contaminated water in any given year. There are several

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in Yosemite National Park. However, to supplement the imported water supply, and to help maintain delivery of drinking water in the event of a major earthquake, drought or decline in the snowpack, San Francisco considers the use of alternative locally produced, sustainable water sources such as

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In the 1840s and 1850s the largest cities in the U.S. built pipelines to supply drinking water from rivers or lakes. However, the drinking water was initially not treated, since the link between waterborne pathogens and diseases was not yet well known. In 1842 New York City was one of the first

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are employed prior to groundwater replenishment with the treated effluents (CDPH, 2013). In San Diego, the effort to increase the share of recycled water was rekindled with an extensive study in 2006. MF provides substantial removal of the dissolved effluent organic matter (dEfOM), while dEfOM

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is projected to be a problem in the future since future population growth will most likely occur in areas that are currently water stressed. Ensuring that the United States remains water secure will require policies that will ensure fair distribution of existing water sources, protecting water

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is an increasingly common response to water scarcity in many parts of the United States. Reclaimed water is being reused directly for various non-potable uses in the United States, including urban landscape irrigation of parks, school yards, highway medians and golf courses; fire protection;

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EPA published a proposed rule for perchlorate on June 26, 2019, with a proposed MCL of 0.056 mg/L for public water systems. On July 21, 2020, EPA announced that it was withdrawing its 2019 proposal, stating that it had taken "proactive steps" with state and local governments to address

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In some parts of the country water supplies are dangerously low due to drought and depletion of the aquifers, particularly in the West and the South East region of the U.S. Many of the dry, desert areas in the U.S. have this problem. According to AZCentral, "Arizona's groundwater levels are

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Numerous efforts have been undertaken in the United States to control the pollution of water resources and to make drinking water safe. The most comprehensive federal regulations and standards for the water treatment industry were implemented in the 1970s, in reaction to a huge increase in

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commercial uses such as vehicle washing; industrial reuse such as cooling water, boiler water and process water; environmental and recreational uses such as the creation or restoration of wetlands; as well as agricultural irrigation. In some cases, such as in Irvine Ranch Water District in

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When examining specific aspects of water policy, the majority tends to focus on protecting drinking water from over extraction by businesses for commercial purposes rather than outlining local requirements for drinking water. While the rest of the United States began to benefit from closer

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invested in the clean tech industry goes to water technologies. Federal support is also on the decline. The membranes that today enable desalinization and water reuse, for example, were the fruits of R&D undertaken during the Kennedy administration. We now spend ten times less on that

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at 29.4 billion US gallons (111,000,000 m) per day in 2005, and 27.4 billion US gallons (104,000,000 m) per day in 2010 (7 percent lower). The bulk of domestic water is provided through public networks. 13% or 3.6 billion US gallons (14,000,000 m) of water is

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The average annual increase in typical residential water bills was approximately 5.3 percent from 2001 through 2009, while the increase in typical residential sewer bills was approximately 5.5 percent according to data from the 50 Largest Cities Water and Wastewater Rate Survey by

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established the link between contaminated water and disease in 1854 and after authorities became gradually convinced of that link, water treatment plants were added and public health improved. Sewers were built since the 1850s, initially based on the erroneous belief that bad air

1324:. Twenty-six cities and water districts serving 18 million people are members of MWD. The Central Arizona Water Conservation district supplies water from the Colorado River to 80 municipal, industrial, agricultural and Indian customers in Central and Southern Arizona through the 1135:

Only a very small share of public water supply is used for drinking. According to one 2002 survey of 1,000 households, an estimated 56% of Americans drank water straight from the tap and an additional 37% drank tap water after filtering it. 74% of Americans said they bought

1198:. Utilities can either be in charge of only water supply and/or sanitation, or they can also be in charge of providing other services, in particular electricity and gas. In the latter case they are called multi-utilities. Bulk water suppliers are entities that manage large 2036:

Residents argue that this issue was a result of Michigan's economic history and political decision-making that often left Flint in the dark. The water crisis in Flint highlights the racial disparities that are evident when examining certain regions' access to clean water.

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therefore the average drinking water consumption is 126 liter per inhabitant per day". The calculation is based on total water production by all utilities in 2004 divided by the number of people served by the same utilities. The figure includes small commercial water use

14276: 2542:, Texas (USA), became one of the first in the United States to use treated wastewater directly in its drinking water supply (production of 45,000–60,000 m per day). Treated wastewater is disinfected and pumped to the Cypress Water Treatment Plant where it goes through 1685:

10 m) of untreated wastewater and storm water to the environment. EPA estimates that between 23,000 and 75,000 sanitary sewer overflows occur each year, resulting in releases of between 3 and 10 billion US gallons (38,000,000 m) of untreated wastewater.

173:

Cities, utilities, state governments and the federal government have addressed the above issues in various ways. To keep pace with demand from an increasing population, utilities traditionally have augmented supplies. However, faced with increasing costs and droughts,

1182:

Non-Transient Non-Community Water System (NTNCWS): a PWS that regularly supplies water to at least 25 of the same people at least six months per year, but not year-round. Some examples are schools, factories, office buildings, and hospitals which have their own water

1041:

from the watershed. Now, residential good owners who meet certain criteria may obtain a permit to install a rooftop precipitation collection system (SB 09-080). Up to 10 large scale pilot studies may also be permitted (HB 09–1129). The main factor in persuading the

416:) was a belief that combined sewer systems were cheaper to build than separate systems. Also, there was no European precedent for successful separate sewer systems at the time. The first large-scale sewer systems in the United States were constructed in Chicago and 1776:

filed suit against EPA for its failure to regulate perchlorate, and stated that 26 million people may be affected by perchlorate in their drinking water. Under a court order, EPA agreed to publish a proposed perchlorate rule in 2025 and issue a final rule in 2027.

2080:

The median household in the U.S. spent about 1.1% of its income on water and sewerage in 2002. However, poor households face a different situation: In 1997 18% of U.S. households, many of them poor, paid more than 4% of their income on their water and sewer bill.

2146:, is used for about two-thirds of the U.S. population on public water systems. Almost all major public health and dental organizations support water fluoridation, or consider it safe. Nevertheless, it is contentious for ethical, safety, and efficacy reasons. 368:

In the arid American Southwest, the water demand of rapidly growing cities such as Los Angeles exceeded local water availability, requiring the construction of large pipelines to bring in water from far-away sources. The most spectacular example is the first

2634:

Today cities make significant investments in the control of combined sewer overflows, including through the construction of storage facilities in the sewerage system in order to allow for the subsequent controlled release of sewage into treatment plants.

2456:

for purifying the water. The Hueco Bolson Recharge Project, which initially began in 1985, currently recharges 1,700 acre-feet per year of reclaimed water at 10 injection wells and 800 acre-feet per year at an infiltration basin for groundwater recharge.

12584: 477:

In the first half of the 20th century water supply and sanitation were a local government responsibility with regulation at the state level; the federal government played almost no role in the sector at that time. This changed with the enactment of the

2003:" is 54% Black. These residents lack proper plumbing systems and access to proper sanitation. These contamination sites are often placed around communities that are composed of minorities, specifically Black and Hispanic individuals. In 1983 the 1742:(LCR) does not set an MCL, but requires a utility to take action when the lead level at a customer location reaches 0.015 mg/L. A typical utility action is to adjust the chemistry of the drinking water with anti-corrosive additives, but replacement of 1175:(PWS) as one that provides water for human consumption through pipes or other constructed conveyances to at least 15 service connections or serves an average of at least 25 people for at least 60 days a year. The agency has defined three types of PWS: 1344:). However, while all investor-owned utilities are subject to tariff regulation, only few public utilities are subjected to the same regulation. In fact, only 12 states have laws restricting pricing practices by public water and sanitation utilities. 1850:

In 2013 the ASCE rating remained at the "D" level, and a 2013 paper from Stanford University's Center for Reinventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt) describes why "water infrastructure is systemically resistant to innovation":

1058:. Texas offers a sales tax exemption on the purchase of rainwater harvesting equipment. Both Texas and Ohio allow the practice even for potable purposes. Oklahoma passed the Water for 2060 Act in 2012, to promote pilot projects for rainwater and 14286: 14256: 14119: 12646: 685:

are among the large cities in the U.S. that do not need to treat most of their surface water sources beyond disinfection, because their water sources are located in the upper reaches of protected watersheds and thus are naturally very pure.

14281: 4895:. The EPA figures are more recent, while the USGS data are more consistent, because they show both the number of people connected to public systems and those self-supplied, with both figures adding up to the total population of the U.S. 7722: 513:

standard or better. There have been a few disagreements between EPA and some local governments about the appropriate level of treatment, with the former arguing for more stringent standards. For example, in the late 1980s, the city of

2206:

established a clearinghouse for water conservation, efficiency, and demand management, called WaterWiser, to assist water conservation professionals and the general public in using water more efficiently. In 2006 the EPA launched its

14196: 1569:

With water use in the United States increasing every year, many regions are starting to feel the pressure. At least 36 states are anticipating local, regional, or statewide water shortages by 2013, even under non-drought conditions.

14261: 1967:

Today, there are still communities around the United States that do not have access to clean water. While some regions have developed alternatives to deal with this inaccessibility, others are still struggling with this issue.

1475:(WEF) geared mainly at wastewater professionals. The geographical scope of both is greater than the U.S.: AWWA has members in 100 countries, with a focus on the U.S. and Canada, and WEF has member associations in 30 countries. 14109: 522:

to secondary treatment standards. The city prevailed, saying that it saved ratepayers an estimated $ 3 billion and that process had proved successful in maintaining a healthy ocean environment. The Point Loma plant uses an

14211: 12959: 268:

only became widespread after the introduction of federal funding in 1948 and especially after an increase in environmental consciousness and the upscaling of financing in the 1970s. From 1948 to 1987 federal funding for

13974: 1564:

basin in a typical year, contributing to a severe water shortage. Most of the Colorado River basin water used by humans is used to grow feed for livestock—more than four times the amount used for crops for direct human

14251: 14201: 13051: 1257:

Some utilities in the U.S. provide only water and/or sewer services, while others are multi-utilities that also provide power and gas services. Examples of utilities that provide only water and sewer services are the

485:

Comprehensive federal regulations for water supply and sanitation were introduced in the 1970s, in reaction to increased public awareness of environmental degradation nationwide. In 1970 EPA was established by the

13000: 1597:

plummeting in many areas... The water levels in more than 2,000 wells have dropped more than 100 feet since they were first drilled." That sample size is approximately a fourth of Arizona's drinking-water wells.

14304: 13116: 14266: 14309: 14299: 14246: 14216: 14271: 14241: 14114: 13984: 13176: 12934: 12671: 1689:

The increased frequency and intensity of rainfall as a result of climate change will result in additional water pollution from wastewater treatment, storage, and conveyance systems." For the most part,

14236: 14231: 14226: 12990: 12879: 12869: 2015:— a region where 73% of its residents are Black and 31.4% of residents live below the poverty line. It was discovered that 34.5% of individuals living in this high-risk environment tested positive for 1075:

self-supplied. The average domestic water use per person in the U.S. was 98-US-gallon (370 L) per day in 2005, and 88-US-gallon (330 L) per day in 2010. This is about 2.2 times as high as in

14206: 264:

was still discharged without any treatment, because wastewater was not believed to be harmful to receiving waters due to the natural dilution and self-purifying capacity of rivers, lakes and the sea.

14221: 13402: 13106: 12939: 357:(and not without controversy). Cities also began to construct sewers in the late 19th century. As a result of water treatment and sanitation, the incidence of cholera and typhoid rapidly decreased. 277:

amended the CWA in 1987 and changed the funding system for sewage treatment to loans through revolving funds. Congress added a state revolving fund for drinking water utilities to the SDWA in 1996.

14176: 14124: 14034: 13989: 13161: 13156: 13041: 12656: 12641: 12621: 1194:

Utilities in charge of public water supply and sanitation systems can be owned, financed, operated and maintained by a public entity, a private company or both can share responsibilities through a

14191: 14186: 13186: 13146: 13091: 13086: 13066: 13061: 13046: 13026: 13021: 13016: 12636: 1855:

Despite a growing sense that water will be as important a global issue as energy in the coming century, capital deployed for water resources "pales in comparison to that for renewable energy."...

13171: 13131: 13126: 13121: 13101: 12696: 10054: 1657:

For example, in Barry-Easton District, Michigan 10% of the state's 1.3 million on-site wastewater treatment systems are malfunctioning, causing sewage to be running into the lakes and streams.

1336:

The economic regulation of water and sanitation service providers in the U.S. (in particular in relation to the setting of user water rates) is usually the responsibility of regulators such as

788:, supplying about 40% of Phoenix's water supply. 50% comes from the watersheds of the Verde and Salt Rivers, according to the official website of the City of Phoenix Water Services Department. 662:, including the implementation of a watershed control program. The water system of New York City has repeatedly fulfilled these criteria for most of the water processed through its facilities. 2781:

More recently, under the Drinking Water Security Act of 2009, the EPA is now required to establish risk-based performance standards for community water systems serving more than 3,300 people.

752:

receives its water almost entirely from mountain snowmelt in a number of highly protected watersheds in more than 9 counties. Its water is stored in 14 reservoirs, the largest of which is the

14181: 4966:

The 89% figures is calculated based on the 11% figure for the population served by private utilities, given that there are three types of ownership of assets: public, private and cooperative.

1588:. Scientific evidence suggests that rising temperatures in the southwestern United States will reduce river flows and contribute to an increased severity, frequency, and duration of droughts. 408:(carrying both storm water and sewerage). They discharged into rivers, lakes and the sea without any treatment. The main reason for choosing combined sewers over separate systems (separating 2612:(CWA), with the unprecedented goal of eliminating all water pollution by 1985 and authorized expenditures of $ 24.6 billion in research and construction grants. In 1974, Congress passed the 10774: 1363: 550:

This section provides a brief overview of the water supply and sanitation infrastructure in the U.S., water sources of some of the main cities, and the main types of residential water use.

2674:

provides grants, loans and loan guarantees for water supply and sanitation in small communities (those with less than 10,000 inhabitants), together with technical assistance and training.

1581:

Rising water demands. Hotter summers mean thirstier people and plants. In addition, more evaporation from reservoirs and irrigated farmland will lead to faster depletion of water supplies.

624:

In the United States over 75 percent of the population is served by over 16,000 municipal sewage treatment plants. Most plants are required to meet national secondary treatment standards.

1999:, many experience issues with wastewater, specifically due to the development of contamination sites and hazardous waste sites. Spanning all the way from Delaware to Texas, the southern " 1820:

supplied by ground water would be vulnerable to contamination from harmful microorganisms, including fecal matter. The objective of the regulation, promulgated under the authority of the

494:(CWA), requiring industrial plants and municipal sewage plants to improve their waste treatment practices in order to limit the effect of contaminants on freshwater sources. In 1974, the 209:

or public service commissions regulate tariffs charged by private utilities. In some states they also regulate tariffs by public utilities. EPA also provides funding to utilities through

13522: 11266: 458: 2659:

One way to address the funding needs of utilities to respond to the various challenges they face without increasing the burden of water bills on users is federal financial assistance.

2441:) following the membrane steps, results in the mitigation of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), as well as in the improvement of the effluent quality with respect to its organic content. 353:

infant mortality, and two-thirds of child mortality. By 1900, sand filtration was widely used. In 1908, the first continuous application of chlorination to drinking U.S. water was in

146:, a backlog of investment, concerns about the affordability of water for the poorest, and a rapidly retiring workforce. Increased variability and intensity of rainfall as a result of 1694:

plants and CSO control programs have been designed on the basis of the historic hydrologic record, taking no account of prospective changes in flow conditions due to climate change.

8015::Urban Water-Use Efficiencies:Lessons from United States Citites, in: Peter H. Gleick:The World's Water 2008–2009 – The Biennial Report of Freshwater Resources, Island Press, 2009, 7238:

McKenna, Megan; McAtee, Shannon; Hotez, Peter; Bryan, Patricia; Jeun, Rebecca; Bottazzi, Maria; Flowers, Catherine; Ward, Tabitha; Kraus, Jacob; Mejia, Rojelio (September 5, 2017).

2681:

of February 17, 2009, provided $ 4 billion for the Clean Water SRF, $ 2 billion for the Drinking Water SRF and, among others, $ 126 million for water recycling projects through the

1386:

must obtain surface water discharge permits through the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). Point sources include industrial facilities, municipal governments (

3416: 2052:

The main reason for this redistribution of money is due to the federal government's shift in focus onto other projects such as transportation, research, and education. In 2008 the

12548: 2248:

regarding the use of reclaimed water in 2002. Planned direct reuse of reclaimed water was initiated in 1932 with the construction of a reclaimed water facility at San Francisco's

1912:. More than 99% of the U.S. population has access to "complete plumbing facilities" which is defined as having hot and cold piped water, a bathtub or shower, and a flush toilet. 365:. As a result of the water purification efforts, mortality among black infants declined in particular, leading to a 13 percent reduction in the black-white infant mortality gap. 11139: 7290:

Callihan, Amanda (2017). "The Drinking Water Supply Crisis in Flint, Michigan: What It Exposes About Enforcement of Water Supply Law and Public Health in the United States".

5800: 344:

In 1854, the British physician John Snow found that cholera was spread through contaminated water. As a result of his findings, several cities began to treat all water with

9582: 7676:, the average household bill in 2008–09 for water and sewerage in England and Wales was £330, corresponding to $ 466 at the exchange rate of 1 Pound Sterling = US$ 1.4138, 712:, do not have filtration. The Catskill watershed is in one of the largest protected wilderness areas in the United States. Water from the two systems has been treated with 527:. The requirement to perform secondary treatment on wastewater before ocean discharge was waived by the EPA in 1995, "taking into account the city's unique circumstances". 442:

Sanitary sewers were not the only sanitation solution applied. They were particularly useful in high-density urban areas. However, in some newly built lower-density areas,

2580:

will build a plant to replenish their groundwater aquifer with purified water in order to deal with the shortage of rain and snow fall, restricted water imports and local

2264:

water, reuse of treated or reclaimed water can be more economically feasible than meeting the higher standards for surface water disposal mandated by the Clean Water Act.

2219:

Distributional losses in the U.S. are typically 10–15% of total withdrawals, although they can exceed 25% of total water use in older systems. According to another source

1186:

Transient Non-Community Water System (TNCWS): a PWS that provides water in a place such as a gas station or campground where people do not remain for long periods of time.

10856: 1868:

The Stanford paper notes that innovations occur when utilities see opportunities for "short-term benefits and immediate savings," when there are water shortages, and in

8166: 4266: 186:

for non-potable uses is also becoming increasingly common. Pollution through wastewater discharges, a major issue in the 1960s, has been brought largely under control.

10861: 7745: 1291: 14346: 10956: 10296: 10166: 8288: 1764: 8545: 6625: 1609:

sources from becoming depleted, maintaining good wastewater disposal, and maintaining existing water infrastructure. Currently there are no national limits for US

8047: 3018: 446:

were built. They were attractive because they reduced capital expenditures and had fewer operation and maintenance costs compared to wastewater treatment plants.

11546: 10426: 7890: 4677: 2053: 1348: 6802: 13627: 13141: 12305: 11033: 10801: 10635: 10291: 9024: 8986: 2279:'s sanitation districts have provided treated wastewater for landscape irrigation in parks and golf courses since 1929. The first reclaimed water facility in 9040:"Reuse of water in the EU and the Mediterranean", by Bill McCann, Water 21, Journal of the International Water Association, April 2008, p. 42-44, quoting the 5701: 1486:

The National Association of Water Companies (NAWC), founded in 1895, which represents the interests of small and large private water and wastewater utilities;

14039: 13532: 13472: 13244: 13036: 12909: 11322: 10889: 10779: 9169: 6176: 5962: 12541: 12378: 10657: 5364: 3859: 1490: 1267: 9052: 7691: 5465: 4522: 4188: 12466: 12300: 10694: 8684: 8371: 2662:

Centralized water and sanitation infrastructure is typically financed through utilities' own revenue or debt. Debt can be in the form of soft loans from

5487: 4434: 2708:

In 2007 EPA stated, "Improving the security of our nation's drinking water and wastewater infrastructures has become a top priority since the events of

1503:

The Association of Metropolitan Water Agencies (AMWA), founded in 1981, which represents the interests of large publicly owned drinking water utilities.

14129: 13857: 13350: 11234: 11092: 8149: 4730: 3641: 1317: 1080: 655:-supplied systems (as of 2009). Most groundwater systems are in small communities, and comprise 90% of the overall population of public water systems. 6202: 2506:

plant discharges its highly treated output to supply roughly 20% of the inflow into the Occoquan Reservoir, which provides drinking water used by the

13882: 13191: 12579: 12569: 10796: 10583: 1746:(pipes that connect the water main to the home) is also an option. Most communities have avoided lead service line replacement due to the high cost. 1208:

Eighty-nine percent of Americans served by a public water system are served by a public or cooperative entity. Usually public systems are managed by

659: 1892:

and $ 9 billion for stormwater management. The EPA needs surveys do not capture all investment needs, in particular concerning capital replacement.

1282:, provide power in addition to water and sewer services. Other multi-utilities provide power and water services, but no sewer services, such as the 820:, 250 mi (400 km) north of the city straddling the Utah border and other areas, pumping it to Las Vegas through a US$ 2 billion pipeline. 542:, building on the success of the CWSRF, in order to finance investments to improve compliance with more stringent drinking water quality standards. 13562: 13196: 11288: 11261: 8195: 6927: 6426: 6077: 5844: 4612: 2619:

The 1987 Water Quality Act amended the CWA, replacing the sewage treatment construction grant program with a system of subsidized loans, using the

1076: 2728:, and the ability to take fast action when there is a water problem. If contamination is detected early enough, it can be prevented from reaching 13201: 12534: 11636: 11596: 9932: 9733: 8305:"Water Reuse: Potential for Expanding the Nation's Water Supply through Reuse of Municipal Wastewater (2012): Division on Earth and Life Studies" 7186:

Bullard, Robert D. (2008). "Differential Vulnerabilities: Environmental and Economic Inequality and Government Response to Unnatural Disasters".

6550: 2291:

in 1932. The Water Replenishment District of Southern California was the first groundwater agency to obtain permitted use of recycled water for

9662: 6655: 6011: 4587:"82(R) H.B. No. 3391. An act relating to rainwater harvesting and other water conservation initiatives. † went into effect on September 1, 2011" 2623:(CWSRF). The loans use a combination of 80% federal funds and 20% matching funds from states. New challenges arose, such as the need to address 2044:

Since the late twentieth century, there has been a shift in money and resources allocated towards funding new water infrastructure. As of 2000,

384:. However they were only enforceable for interstate transportation carriers (such as railroads) at specific points where water was transferred. 13777: 13727: 13111: 12914: 11444: 10362: 9849: 6963:

Neumeyer, Hannah; Van de Lande, Laura (2014). "The importance of words: why equality should be key in water and sanitation service provision".

6941: 4486: 2800: 1734:

While lead in drinking water continues to persist as a public health problem in some communities, the source of the lead is generally from the

1213: 4695: 4460: 12253: 11658: 10894: 10101: 1832: 1426: 1375: 150:

is expected to produce both more severe droughts and flooding, with potentially serious consequences for water supply and for pollution from

7027:

Jones, Patricia A. (2012). "Complexity of Protections and Barriers in the Implementation of the Human Right to Water in the United States".

5179: 1532:

group created in 2005 which focuses on corporate and government accountability relating to food, water, and fishing. Another example is the

392: 14324: 14316: 12574: 11276: 10873: 10689: 10630: 10213: 10171: 9927: 9922: 9917: 9912: 9907: 9902: 9897: 9892: 9887: 9882: 5663: 2982: 1088: 6256: 490:

administration, and authority for managing various environmental programs was transferred to the new agency. In 1972, Congress passed the

13817: 13807: 13797: 13482: 12924: 12741: 12736: 12631: 12400: 12243: 12138: 11883: 11621: 10741: 10652: 10394: 10379: 10261: 8872:

Rodriguez, Clemencia; Van Buynder, Paul; Lugg, Richard; Blair, Palenque; Devine, Brian; Cook, Angus; Weinstein, Philip (March 17, 2009).

8750:

Rodriguez, Clemencia; Van Buynder, Paul; Lugg, Richard; Blair, Palenque; Devine, Brian; Cook, Angus; Weinstein, Philip (March 17, 2009).

7653: 6221: 5781: 5091: 1703: 155: 5777: 3282: 2216:

that part of the rule to consider each showerhead individually. In 2021, the Biden administration proposed restoring the Obama version.

2061:

assistance. However, their lack of involvement and general disregard for these communities leads to the continuation of their troubles.

14049: 13822: 13732: 13547: 13412: 13249: 12995: 12792: 12746: 12226: 11741: 11736: 11726: 11099: 10828: 10076: 9339: 7948: 7864: 5073: 2886: 285: 7971:

According to that source total municipal and industrial water use in 2000 was 66 billion US gallons (250,000,000 m) per day.

4408: 14024: 13712: 13512: 13442: 13437: 13234: 12802: 12797: 12711: 12395: 12338: 12231: 12060: 11502: 10005: 7151:

Colquette, Kelly Michele; Robertson, Elizabeth A. Henry (1991). "Environmental Racism: The Causes, Consequences, and Commendations".

4030: 2577: 1940: 1831:

were a potential threat to groundwater quality when they passed the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) of 1974. This instructed the U.S.

1320:(MWD) sells treated water from the Colorado River and Northern California to its member utilities in Southern California through the 1283: 1279: 1217: 9614: 9413: 9005: 5203: 3961: 3053: 14144: 14089: 14059: 13979: 13964: 13949: 13897: 13812: 13757: 13737: 13612: 13587: 13432: 13427: 13360: 13305: 13279: 13254: 12985: 12929: 12839: 12817: 12442: 12238: 11731: 11219: 11159: 10719: 10374: 10266: 10116: 7865:"California Needs to Move Cautiously on Desalination. Economic, Environmental, and Social Costs Still Outweigh Technological Gains" 7007:"United States Government Consultation on Environmental Issues Relating to the United Nations Universal Periodic Review: A Summary" 4214: 301:

in Westchester County, New York, and built an aqueduct from the reservoir to the city. Also in 1842, construction was completed on

8926: 8603: 7490: 3893: 1753:

tightening the definition of "lead free" plumbing, in 2011. EPA published a final rule implementing the law on September 1, 2020.

1054:, never reached a stream—it was used by plants or evaporated on the ground. Rainwater catchment is mandatory for new dwellings in 1021:. Deep underground wells drilled into the Evangeline and Chicot aquifers provide the other 29 percent of the city's water supply. 14099: 14074: 14019: 13917: 13852: 13847: 13782: 13767: 13752: 13692: 13602: 13552: 13507: 13487: 13340: 13325: 13264: 13206: 13136: 12954: 12904: 12894: 12807: 12776: 12756: 12661: 12348: 12321: 12280: 12275: 12248: 12178: 12065: 11861: 11668: 11256: 11080: 10978: 10610: 9242: 8517: 6564: 4772: 4092: 2923: 2716:; to plan for and practice response to emergencies and incidents; and to develop new security technologies to detect and monitor 2671: 2126: 1521:, some of these trade associations also provide public education, as well as training and technical assistance to their members. 1275: 1225: 812:, which has been affected by drought. To supply a portion of the future water supply, Las Vegas plans to buy water rights in the 9439: 8946: 8437: 7547: 5033: 3677: 3449:(Report). Historic American Engineering Record. Philadelphia, PA: U.S. National Park Service. 1997. p. 2. Survey No. DC-54. 1638:

An important turning point in managing drinking water contamination occurred after passage of the 1974 SDWA, which required the

14139: 14079: 14054: 14044: 13999: 13902: 13892: 13862: 13802: 13742: 13717: 13707: 13682: 13677: 13672: 13642: 13582: 13567: 13537: 13527: 13467: 13447: 13417: 13355: 13330: 13310: 13269: 13076: 13056: 13031: 12964: 12889: 12829: 12761: 12731: 12721: 12716: 12706: 12686: 12681: 12611: 12449: 12158: 11841: 11746: 11576: 11524: 11485: 11052: 11047: 10901: 10838: 10791: 10769: 10734: 10389: 10245: 9124: 8237: 5056: 2678: 2562:

where it is blended with lake water (50:50). The blended water goes through a seven-step conventional surface water treatment.

2097: 1900:

In the U.S., in 2020, about 8.9 million people (about 2.68% of the population at that time) still lacked access to a household

1355: 1316:

There are also a few large bulk water suppliers in the arid Southwest of the United States, which sell water to utilities. The

230: 9304: 9278: 8827:"Dissolved effluent organic matter: Characteristics and potential implications in wastewater treatment and reuse applications" 8719: 8411: 8032: 5433: 4336: 3909: 796:

Cities that rely on more or less polluted surface water from the lower reaches of rivers have to rely on extensive and costly

14094: 14084: 14064: 14009: 14004: 13994: 13912: 13877: 13872: 13867: 13842: 13792: 13787: 13762: 13702: 13662: 13652: 13632: 13592: 13577: 13557: 13492: 13477: 13462: 13452: 13422: 13393: 13335: 13315: 13284: 13274: 13229: 13224: 13181: 13151: 13081: 13071: 12949: 12919: 12874: 12864: 12844: 12771: 12766: 12726: 12616: 12265: 12153: 12023: 11927: 11836: 11760: 11305: 11271: 10286: 10276: 10271: 10129: 10124: 9988: 9953: 8475: 8170: 7932: 7625: 5900: 5641: 4270: 3919: 3521: 3494: 3096: 2627:

for which EPA issued a policy in 1994, and which was codified into law by Congress in 2000. In 1996 Congress established the

1436:

Financial assistance for improvements to sewage treatment facilities is available to state and local governments through the

1166: 519: 7776: 4744: 2433:

reduction down to 0.5 mg/L (in terms of TOC) is achieved through RO application. The chemical oxidation treatment (UV/H

1987:

which can damage one's reproductive ability or even increase the likelihood of birth defects and miscarriages. In addition,

14069: 14014: 13907: 13837: 13832: 13827: 13722: 13687: 13657: 13647: 13637: 13607: 13597: 13572: 13542: 13502: 13497: 13457: 13320: 13259: 13166: 13096: 12969: 12944: 12859: 12834: 12822: 12812: 12751: 12691: 12676: 12666: 12651: 12626: 12461: 12358: 12295: 12285: 12168: 11959: 11922: 11851: 11683: 11648: 11199: 10929: 10662: 10433: 10384: 10357: 10281: 10240: 5527: 1959:

accessibility to water, these specific communities were ignored, evident through the creation of new laws and regulations.

1633: 1395: 194: 154:. Droughts are likely to particularly affect the 66 percent of Americans whose communities depend on surface water. As for 143: 8285: 3592:

Reorganization Plans Nos. 3 and 4 of 1970. Message from the President of the United States to the House of Representatives

658:

For a surface water system to operate without filtration it has to fulfill certain criteria set by the EPA under its 2006

14104: 14029: 13772: 13747: 13697: 13667: 13622: 13617: 13517: 13345: 13239: 12899: 12884: 12854: 12849: 12701: 12417: 12405: 12343: 12100: 11591: 11490: 11087: 10746: 10642: 10526: 6629: 4795: 2682: 2628: 1844: 1728: 1464: 539: 381: 167: 8542: 6298:

EPA (September 1, 2020). "Use of Lead Free Pipes, Fittings, Fixtures, Solder, and Flux for Drinking Water; Final rule."

5001: 12390: 12331: 12216: 12211: 12148: 11910: 11871: 11831: 11678: 11631: 11611: 11224: 10851: 10846: 10751: 10699: 10228: 9983: 9842: 9225: 8210: 5747: 5279: 5246: 4240: 3935: 3848: 3707: 2790: 2192:, are other options that are being considered and, in some cases, also applied to address water scarcity. For example, 1617:

withdrawal. If limits are imposed, the people most impacted will be the largest water withdrawers from a water source.

761: 713: 7898: 6317:

EPA (January 15, 2021). "National Primary Drinking Water Regulations: Lead and Copper Rule Revisions." Final rule. 86

3025: 12432: 12412: 12363: 12353: 12221: 12143: 12120: 12080: 11944: 11934: 11811: 11786: 11693: 11673: 11151: 10941: 10667: 10049: 9473: 9365: 8061:"National Efficiency Standards and Specifications for Residential and Commercial Water-Using Fixtures and Appliances" 8020: 5549: 3091:(Report). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). December 2009. p. 11. EPA 816-K-009-002. 1908:, in 2020, around 5.7 million (about 1.74% of the population at that time) people did not have access to a household 1773: 1259: 1212:

that are owned by a city or county, but have a separate legal personality, management and finances. Examples are the

674: 670: 9021: 8983: 7222:

Siting of Hazardous Waste Landfills and Their Correlation with Racial and Economic Status of Surrounding Communities

7006: 6702: 6593: 4382: 3390: 3309: 469:

The CWA construction grants program funded new sewage treatment plants and upgrading of existing plants to national

12437: 12383: 12368: 12270: 12105: 11581: 11534: 11529: 11431: 11358: 11058: 10823: 10352: 8825:

Michael-Kordatou, I.; Michael, C.; Duan, X.; He, X.; Dionysiou, D.D.; Mills, M.A.; Fatta-Kassinos, D. (June 2015).

8265: 8108: 8043: 7852: 5693: 5461: 3660: 2795: 2758:

supplying more than 3,300 people must take at least the following measures to ensure security of the water supply:

2667: 2620: 2203: 2004: 2000: 1574: 1497: 1468: 1437: 1325: 1038: 535: 9173: 6751: 5944:

EPA Alumni Association: Senior EPA officials discuss early implementation of the Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974,

4365: 3349: 3196:

Patel, Anisha I; Hecht, Christina E.; Cradock, Angie; Edwards, Marc A.; Ritchie, Lorrene D. (September 23, 2020).

2164:, Florida, which began desalinating 25 million US gallons (95,000 m) of water per day in December 2007. 1506:

The Water Reuse Association, founded in 2000, which promotes water reclamation, recycling, reuse and desalination.

860:

imports nearly 90 percent of its water from other areas, specifically northern California and the Colorado River.

12471: 12260: 12201: 12110: 12001: 11976: 11473: 11463: 11028: 10946: 10884: 10868: 10714: 10709: 10473: 10453: 10443: 10438: 7981: 6180: 3988: 3766: 2887:"Statistical Abstract of the United States. State and Local Governments: Expenditures for Public Works 1995–2005" 2543: 2503: 2372: 1624:

power, public supply 11%, industrial was 4%, aquaculture 2%, mining 1%, domestic 1%, and livestock less than 1%.

1071: 879: 431:

Where wastewater was being treated it was typically discharged into rivers or lakes. However, in 1932, the first

8642: 5989: 305:'s first water works, with water mains made of cedar and a water intake located about 150 feet (46 m) into 12454: 12128: 12075: 11991: 11981: 11949: 11878: 11866: 11821: 11708: 11606: 11468: 11388: 11378: 11164: 11021: 10724: 10682: 10625: 10399: 10310: 8663: 8563: 8349: 7688: 5469: 4533: 4192: 3254: 2507: 2167: 1457: 678: 614: 8691: 8386: 5123: 4818: 4816: 3694: 3443: 2631:, in order to finance investments to improve compliance with more stringent drinking water quality standards. 1340:

at the state level, which are organized in the National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners. (see

12206: 12070: 11986: 11917: 11888: 11826: 11716: 11688: 11332: 10704: 10597: 9835: 8491: 6525: 5491: 4438: 1533: 1518: 1309:

supplies water to 80 municipal, industrial, agricultural and Indian customers in Central and Southern Arizona

1046:

to change the law was a 2007 study that found that in an average year, 97% of the precipitation that fell in

601:

The centralized sanitation infrastructure in the U.S. consists of 1.2 million miles of sewers—including both

5149: 3637: 2529:(toilet-to-tap reuse as a temporary measure during drought conditions, 2014–2015; Indirect potable use 2015) 1556: 13942: 12501: 12494: 12427: 12290: 12173: 12095: 12085: 11939: 11900: 11856: 11816: 11773: 11721: 11653: 11626: 11586: 11564: 11373: 11187: 11134: 11067: 10924: 10880: 10808: 10729: 10647: 10458: 10322: 10151: 10059: 9867: 9149: 9068: 7493:. New York, NY: Infrastructure USA (Supported by FJC, a Foundation of Philanthropic Funds). August 26, 2020 5483: 4813: 2310: 1797: 1793: 1785: 1639: 1544:

Among the main issues facing water users and the water industry in the U.S. in 2009 are water scarcity and

1472: 1287: 9569: 9510: 9221: 6476:

EPA, Washington, DC (November 8, 2006). "National Primary Drinking Water Regulations: Ground Water Rule."

6286: 6237: 3762: 3268: 2336:

consists almost entirely of wastewater effluent under base flow conditions. In response to concerns about

2328:

in Texas is a representative example of an effluent-dominated surface water system where de facto potable

1406:. EPA sets basic national wastewater standards: The "Secondary Treatment Regulation" applies to municipal 12422: 12373: 12188: 12090: 12013: 11895: 11791: 11616: 11601: 11539: 11174: 11129: 10936: 10818: 10672: 9551: 6334: 5890: 2919: 2882: 2306: 1980: 1070:

Domestic water use (also called home or residential water use) in the United States was estimated by the

206: 9098: 6084: 4681: 4620: 4586: 3747: 2688:

huge federal retreat from helping cities fund water projects," stating that overall federal spending on

12326: 12196: 12028: 12008: 11996: 11806: 11796: 11478: 11383: 10996: 10986: 10513: 10508: 10498: 10493: 10015: 9557: 9539: 9498: 9209: 8801: 7803:"When public action undermines public health: A critical examination of antifluoridationist literature" 6274: 5325: 5312: 5299: 5266: 5233: 4864: 3910:

Committee to Review the New York City Watershed Management Strategy, National Research Council (2000).

3786: 3750: 3197: 2008: 1195: 966: 813: 235:

In the 19th century numerous American cities were afflicted with major outbreaks of disease, including

217:

income on water and sewage. By 2018, 87% of the American population receives water from publicly owned

9811: 9755: 9741: 9708: 7081:

Pannu, Camille (2012). "Drinking Water and Exclusion: A Case Study from California's Central Valley".

6876: 5708:

Richter, Brian D.; Bartak, Dominique; Cladwell, Peter; Davis, Kyle Frankel; et al. (April 2020).

2348:, it is subjected to conventional drinking water treatment prior to delivery to consumers in Houston. 465: 13386: 11905: 11211: 11016: 11011: 10573: 10027: 9663:"Water Security Initiative: Interim Guidance on Planning for Contamination Warning System Deployment" 5949: 3804: 3800: 2989: 2477: 2413: 2318: 2298: 2241: 2198: 1920: 1676:

overflows affect the quality of water resources in many parts of the U.S. About 860 communities have

1545: 1510: 1337: 1010: 817: 591: 524: 503: 479: 9694: 9583:"Increasing Investment in U.S. Roads, Ports and Drinking Water Systems Through Innovative Financing" 8460:

Water Reuse: Potential for Expanding the Nation's Water Supply Through Reuse of Municipal Wastewater

8304: 6203:"Revealing the Complicated Nature of Tap Water Lead Contamination: A Madison, Wisconsin, Case Study" 6048:"Report to Congress on Impacts and Control of Combined Sewer Overflows and Sanitary Sewer Overflows" 5785: 4497: 3577: 12018: 11398: 11368: 11363: 11353: 11119: 11075: 10916: 10677: 10463: 10327: 10141: 10081: 9053:

Recycling sewage into drinking water is no big deal. They've been doing it in Namibia for 50 years.

5026: 4464: 1271: 1243:, which serves 15 million customers in 1,600 communities in the U.S. and Canada. It is followed by 1240: 1047: 982: 760:

in the Colorado River. Water is diverted from there through the Harold D. Roberts Tunnel under the

9566: 9507: 9218: 6283: 5405: 4714:

ergibt sich daraus ein durchschnittlicher Trinkwasserverbrauch von 126 Litern je Einwohner und Tag

3759: 13935: 11512: 11248: 11006: 9973: 9548: 9125:"Recycled water for drinking: Direct potable reuse a temporary solution for Wichita Falls, Texas" 8325: 4942: 4048: 3597:(Report). House of Representatives, 91st Congress, 2d Session. July 9, 1970. Document no. 91-366. 2624: 2613: 2402: 2317:

are established leaders in recycled water. Further, the Orange County Water District, located in

2012: 1889: 1881: 1821: 1716: 1669: 1430: 1306: 1295: 958: 837: 583: 495: 354: 198: 151: 9805: 8133: 7056: 6387:

EPA (June 26, 2019). "National Primary Drinking Water Regulations: Perchlorate." Proposed Rule.

5667: 4912: 4796:"Analysis and Findings of The Gallup Organization's Drinking Water Customer Satisfaction Survey" 3989:"Turning on the Zap: New York City Readies World's Largest UV Drinking-Water Disinfection Plant" 2057:

economic activity would be above $ 220 billion and improve the accessibility of water for many.

12510: 11964: 11314: 11124: 11104: 10906: 10761: 10556: 10503: 10488: 10332: 10020: 9417: 8139:(Report). Washington, D.C.: United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). December 2002. 7582: 6823:

Gasteyer, Stephen P.; Lai, Jennifer; Tucker, Brittany; Carrera, Jennifer; Moss, Julius (2016).

6463: 4882: 3486: 3167: 2962:(Report). Washington, D.C.: United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). December 2002. 2956: 2744: 2648: 1996: 1801: 1781: 1621: 1513:, founded in 1974, which represents manufacturers and dealers of equipment for water treatment. 1263: 1199: 1037:; a property owner who captured rainwater was deemed to be stealing it from those who have the 727: 361:

was initially the technology of choice for water treatment, later being gradually displaced by

254: 13927: 8685:"Orange County's Groundwater Replenishment System: Potable reuse for the best available water" 8372:"Orange County's groundwater replenishment system: Potable reuse for the best available water" 7660: 5265:

United States. Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980.

5098: 4006: 1366:(CERCLA), also known as "Superfund," requires remediation of abandoned hazardous waste sites. 12163: 11846: 10961: 10518: 10483: 10478: 10421: 10404: 10134: 9818:

ReNUWIt, Engineering Research Center for Re-inventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure

9681: 8273: 7955: 6877:"The Color of Drinking Water: Class, Race, Ethnicity, and Safe Drinking Water Act Compliance" 5945: 4118: 3564: 2893: 2581: 2325: 2220: 1901: 1525: 1002: 895: 757: 245: 9343: 7868: 7746:"A half-century of community water fluoridation in the United States: review and commentary" 5077: 3286: 3198:"Drinking Water in the United States: Implications of Water Safety, Access, and Consumption" 534:, which replaced the construction grant program with a system of subsidized loans using the 13379: 13371: 12515: 11643: 11517: 11408: 10786: 10218: 10198: 10146: 10096: 10037: 9968: 9195: 8838: 6122: 5876: 5859: 4412: 3463: 3088: 2736: 2663: 2652: 2526: 2482: 2362: 2292: 2188:

Demand-side management, including the reduction of leakage in the distribution network and

1877: 1739: 1709:

aspects of drinking water quality that are of some concern in the United States, including

1479: 1055: 1043: 1034: 853: 825: 397: 370: 358: 210: 6219:

EPA. National Primary Drinking Water Regulations. Subpart I - Control of Lead and Copper.

4823:

Hobson, W.L.; Knochel, M.L.; Byington, C.L.; Young, P.C.; Hoff, C.J.; Buchi, K.F. (2007).

3872: 3830: 3706:

United States. Clean Water Act. Title VI: "State Water Pollution Control Revolving Funds."

3591: 1179:

Community Water System (CWS): a PWS that supplies water to the same population year-round.

8: 14163: 12526: 12055: 11971: 11781: 11497: 11182: 10813: 10010: 9622: 9002: 6825:"Basics Inequality: Race and Access to Complete Plumbing Facilities in the United States" 6047: 5709: 5211: 5030: 3061: 3005:

Urban providers are defined as entities serving systems with more than 10,000 inhabitants

2740: 2367: 2314: 2139: 1909: 1817: 1467:

focused on advocacy for state revolving fund and water resource development legislation,

1411: 1321: 1229: 1172: 1158: 943: 887: 717: 694: 637: 510: 499: 470: 334: 326: 322: 190: 170:

and pharmaceutical substances, but generally drinking water quality in the U.S. is good.

8842: 6565:"Infrastructure Report Card: America's Crumbling Infrastructure Eroding Quality of Life" 6126: 5377: 4218: 4070: 3852: 3511: 1971: 704:

New York City's water supply is fed by three watershed systems. The two larger systems,

11295: 11283: 11001: 10991: 10968: 10951: 10347: 10091: 10086: 9958: 9391: 8900: 8873: 8778: 8751: 8664:"Remaking waste as water: The governance of recycled effluent for potable water supply" 8600: 8350:"Remaking waste as water: The governance of recycled effluent for potable water supply" 8167:"Overview of Water Reuse Technology: Pricing Considerations Related To Reclaimed Water" 7829: 7802: 7764: 7529: 7467: 7424: 7411: 7392:"Mobilizing Health Metrics for the Human Right to Water in Flint and Detroit, Michigan" 7391: 7372: 7356: 7307: 7264: 7203: 7168: 7133: 7098: 7060: 7052: 6988: 6904: 6854: 6491: 6484: 6451: 6395: 6306: 6153: 6110: 5729: 5575: 4673: 4564: 4559: 3890: 3552: 3479: 3372: 3233: 3213: 2927: 2774: 2693: 2453: 2276: 2275:

There are examples of communities that have safely used recycled water for many years.

2256:

network that keeps reclaimed water pipes completely separate from potable water pipes.

2189: 2131: 1757: 1341: 1248: 974: 797: 765: 743: 587: 253:) caused cholera and typhoid. It took until the 1890s for the now universally accepted 175: 30: 9794: 9523: 9249: 8521: 8445: 7224:(Report). Washington, D.C.: U.S. General Accounting Office. June 1, 1983. RCED-83-168. 6680: 6568: 6411: 6321: 4776: 4096: 4034: 2822: 2692:"has dropped 75 percent since 1977," and that experts expect more situations like the 2448:'s (Texas, USA) water sources include groundwater aquifers and surface water from the 566:

The centralized drinking water supply infrastructure in the United States consists of

12038: 11194: 10546: 10044: 9963: 9948: 9446: 9229: 9154: 8905: 8854: 8783: 8471: 8434: 8189: 8016: 7928: 7834: 7768: 7554: 7521: 7459: 7450:

Fuhs, Greg (2000). "Water, Wastewater Infrastructure Need Federal Funding Infusion".

7429: 7403: 7364: 7348: 7299: 7269: 7239: 7195: 7160: 7125: 7090: 7064: 7044: 7040: 6980: 6928:"US Water Alliance and Partners Release "Closing The Water Gap in the United States"" 6908: 6896: 6858: 6846: 6544: 6158: 6140: 6019: 5896: 5838: 5733: 4846: 4748: 3915: 3726: 3674: 3556: 3517: 3490: 3429: 3237: 3225: 3217: 2712:. Significant actions are underway to assess and reduce vulnerabilities to potential 2471: 2333: 2105: 1988: 1936: 1888:

for wastewater treatment and collection, $ 54.8 billion for resolving unsatisfactory

1743: 1735: 1453: 1449: 709: 705: 690: 531: 518:

and EPA were involved in a legal dispute over the requirement to treat sewage at the

413: 362: 193:, which serve more than 25 customers or 15 service connections, are regulated by the 8241: 7923:

Gleick, Peter H.; Cooley, Heather; Katz, David; Lee, Emily; Morrison, Jason (2006).

7376: 6703:"Drinking Water Infrastructure Needs Survey and Assessment Third Report to Congress" 6352: 5053: 4292: 4140: 3376: 2739:

are necessary. All these factors also point to the need for organized and practiced

11954: 11801: 11507: 11327: 10337: 10178: 10161: 10156: 9995: 9311: 9282: 8895: 8885: 8846: 8773: 8763: 8463: 8060: 7824: 7814: 7760: 7419: 7338: 7259: 7251: 7036: 6972: 6888: 6836: 6594:"The Clean Water and Drinking Water Infrastructure Gap Analysis; Executive Summary" 6488: 6481: 6448: 6392: 6370: 6318: 6303: 6148: 6130: 5871: 5721: 5321: 5308: 5275: 5242: 4836: 4340: 3912:

Watershed Management for Potable Water Supply: Assessing the New York City Strategy

3730: 3542: 3364: 3209: 2856: 2751: 2713: 2595: 2511: 2396: 2288: 2249: 2212: 1947: 1691: 1407: 1387: 1209: 978: 962: 935: 931: 882:

are supplied by water from that river except for Memphis. The metropolitan area of

868: 863: 821: 801: 785: 753: 682: 454: 436: 424: 330: 265: 41: 12595: 7629: 6503: 5891:

National Research Council (U.S.). Panel on Water System Security Research (2004).

5619: 5334: 5283: 5250: 4747:. American Water Works Association Research Foundation, Denver, CO. Archived from 3711: 3624: 3104: 2924:"State and Local Government Finances by Level of Government and by State: 2005–06" 1232:

are a major provider of water services, especially in small towns and rural areas

1202:

and sell either treated or untreated water to various users, including utilities.

771: 178:

is beginning to receive more attention and is being supported through the federal

11663: 11439: 11337: 11109: 10409: 10342: 10111: 10032: 9978: 9780: 9196:

25 Years of the Safe Drinking Water Act: Protecting Our Health from Source to Tap

9028: 9009: 8990: 8850: 8646: 8607: 8567: 8549: 8441: 8292: 8269: 7695: 7600: 6942:"Flushed and Forgotten: Sanitation and Wastewater in Rural Communities in the US" 6224: 5060: 5037: 4775:(Report). Denver, CO: Water Research Foundation. Project No. 4309. Archived from 4166: 3897: 3681: 3645: 3128: 2609: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2487: 2383: 2345: 2341: 2236: 2045: 2023: 1869: 1860: 1711: 1529: 1379: 1359: 1351:

is the responsibility of state departments of health or environment and the EPA.

1006: 986: 970: 856:, with additional supplies from Lake Havasu through the Colorado River Aqueduct. 739:

during drought periods, all as part of its Water Supply Diversification Program.

732: 610: 579: 509:

The vast majority of municipal wastewater in the U.S. is treated to the national

491: 432: 318: 297:

cities in the U.S. to tap water resources outside the city limits. It dammed the

289: 202: 183: 8109:"Biden administration moves to reverse Trump-era showerhead rule | CNN Politics" 6892: 5917: 5391: 4647: 4244: 3939: 3539:"Water Purification Efforts and the Black-White Infant Mortality Gap, 1906-1938" 665: 12133: 12033: 11416: 10551: 10541: 10536: 10531: 10203: 10066: 10000: 9587: 8492:"Search Results - AustinTexas.gov - The Official Website of the City of Austin" 6976: 4841: 4824: 3537:

Anderson, D. Mark; Charles, Kerwin Kofi; Rees, Daniel I.; Wang, Tianyi (2019).

3348:

Burian, Steven J.; Nix, Stephan J.; Pitt, Robert E.; Durrans, S. Rocky (2000).

2689: 2321:, water is given more advanced treatments and is used indirectly for drinking. 1828: 1677: 1673: 1605: 1561: 1500:(NRWA), founded in 1976, which represents small water and wastewater utilities; 1224:. In some cases public utilities span several jurisdictions. An example is the 1114: 927: 809: 781: 606: 602: 553: 409: 405: 218: 147: 139: 6841: 6824: 5990:"Thousands of failed septic tanks across the state threaten Michigan's waters" 5725: 5005: 3938:(Report). New York City Department of Environmental Protection. Archived from 1290:. There are also some utilities that provide only sewer services, such as the 1153: 439:, San Francisco, for the reuse of treated wastewater in landscape irrigation. 14340: 11114: 10414: 10223: 9858: 7525: 7463: 7407: 7352: 7303: 7199: 7164: 7129: 7094: 7048: 6984: 6900: 6850: 6144: 6023: 5893:

A review of the EPA water security research and technical support action plan

5434:"Primary Enforcement Authority for the Underground Injection Control Program" 5420:"Protecting Underground Sources of Drinking Water from Underground Injection" 4369: 4362: 3350:"Urban Wastewater Management in the United States: Past, Present, and Future" 3221: 2755: 2735:

In cases where contamination might still reach consumers, fast and efficient

2539: 2357: 2284: 2032: 1614: 1137: 939: 919: 911: 723: 648: 487: 338: 314: 306: 274: 250: 9637: 8579: 8214: 6135: 5755: 4532:. Colorado Water Conservation Board (CWCB). January 28, 2010. Archived from 992: 11421: 11393: 10448: 9369: 9208:

United States. Wet Weather Quality Act of 2000, Section 112 of Division B,

8909: 8858: 8787: 8012: 7838: 7819: 7433: 7368: 7273: 7221: 6162: 6012:"Hookworm, a disease of extreme poverty, is thriving in the US south. Why?" 5049: 4850: 4241:"Water Supply Basics. Where Does Our Water Come from and How Do We Use It?" 3481:

Water 4.0: The Past, Present, and Future of the World's Most Vital Resource

3229: 3024:. Association of Metropolitan Water Agencies. December 2007. Archived from 2085: 1873: 1724: 1399: 1383: 1358:(RCRA), protects groundwater by regulating the disposal of solid waste and 1244: 1221: 1018: 923: 903: 891: 872: 792:

also obtains a significant percentage of its water supply from Lake Havasu.

749: 736: 374: 298: 163: 8890: 8768: 7772: 7255: 6803:"1.6 million Americans don't have indoor plumbing. Here's where they live" 6335:"E.P.A. to Promote Lead Testing Rule as Trump Tries to Burnish His Record" 5553: 5152:. National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners. Archived from 5097:. Metropolitan Water District of Southern California. 2008. Archived from 3837:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Homeland Security. January 8, 2016. 3620: 1780:

EPA issued drinking water standards in April 2024 for six PFAS chemicals:

1493:, founded in 1970, which represents the interests of wastewater utilities; 1378:(EPA) and state environmental agencies set wastewater standards under the 11698: 11229: 10566: 10468: 10208: 10071: 9827: 8619: 7343: 7326: 6776: 6600: 6443:

EPA (April 26, 2024). "PFAS National Primary Drinking Water Regulation."

4386: 4314: 3770: 3432:. Boston, MA: Massachusetts Water Resources Authority. September 2, 2015. 2717: 2569: 2377: 2329: 2269: 2253: 2143: 2096:

in 2008. For purposes of comparison, the average water and sewer bill in

2073: 1610: 1577:, climate change affects water supply in the U.S. in the following ways: 1422: 1391: 1014: 845: 841: 833: 829: 789: 652: 618: 595: 443: 345: 9497:

United States. Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act of 2014.

8262: 7925:

The World's Water 2006–2007: The Biennial Report on Freshwater Resources

7659:. Water Services Regulation Authority (OFWAT). June 2008. Archived from 7533: 7471: 7415: 7360: 7311: 7207: 7172: 7137: 7102: 6992: 4825:"Bottled, filtered, and tap water use in Latino and non-Latino children" 3019:"Implications of Climate Change for Urban Water Utilities – Main Report" 2202:

gallons (8.3 L) of water per minute respectively. Also in 1994 the

1645: 1433:. UIC permits are issued by 34 state agencies and EPA regional offices. 726:

obtains 85% of its drinking water from high Sierra snowmelt through the

720:, which supplies 10% of the city's water, has been filtered since 2015. 10561: 10367: 10193: 10188: 10106: 7240:"Human Intestinal Parasite Burden and Poor Sanitation in Rural Alabama" 6526:"Ground Water Discharges (EPA's Underground Injection Control Program)" 6078:"Implications of Climate Change for Urban Water Utilities – Highlights" 5298:

United States. Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972.

4927: 3607:

United States. Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972.

3162: 3160: 2591: 2573: 2449: 2392: 2280: 2208: 1992:

poverty can be credited to the ongoing water crisis in Central Valley.

1905: 1120: 832:

watershed, and about 40% from the Colorado River further downstream at

698: 575: 270: 261: 189:

Most Americans are served by publicly owned water and sewer utilities.

179: 9638:"Terrorism and Security Issues Facing the Water Infrastructure Sector" 9392:"Stimulus Package Provides $ 126 Million for Water Recycling Projects" 5860:"Special Issue on Drinking Water Safety, Security, and Sustainability" 5820:"USGS Fact Sheet 2010-3106: Water Security—National and Global Issues" 5819: 3608: 3368: 3168:"Estimated Use of Water in the United States in 2000: Domestic Supply" 3103:. Schwab Capital Markets' Global Water Conference. EPA. Archived from 2643: 313:

began construction of a water transmission system. A tributary of the

14168: 12050: 12043: 8639: 8382: 4771:

DeOreo, William B.; Mayer, P.; Dziegielewski, B.; Kiefer, J. (2016).

2763: 2651:

approves federal funding for water and sanitation, including through

2587: 2421: 2388: 2337: 2161: 1364:

Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act

1059: 857: 849: 805: 632: 571: 515: 8826: 8560: 7949:"Table 354. U.S. Water Withdrawals Per Day by End Use: 1940 to 2000" 7327:"Environmental Justice: The Economics of Race, Place, and Pollution" 7016:. University of California, Berkeley School of Law. October 7, 2014. 6427:"EPA Sued For Not Regulating Rocket Fuel Chemical in Drinking Water" 4883:"Estimated Use of Water in the United States in 2000: Public Supply" 4648:

Estimated Use of Water in the United States in 2005: Domestic Supply

4243:. Metropolitan North Georgia Water Planning District. Archived from 4191:. Metropolitan Water District of Southern California. Archived from 3538: 3157: 2857:

Estimated Use of Water in the United States in 2010: Domestic Supply

2608:

environmental concerns in the country. In 1972, Congress passed the

1471:(AWWA) oriented mainly towards drinking water professionals and the 1301: 647:

About 66% of the U.S. population (195 million people) are served by

586:

for the transport of large quantities of water over long distances,

14154: 10233: 10183: 8932:(Report). Austin, TX: Texas Water Development Board. February 2011. 8467: 8235: 7577: 7575: 6626:"Table 437 – State and Local Governments—Capital Outlays 1990–2008" 5552:. Association of Metropolitan Water Agencies (AMWA). Archived from 5311:

Approved October 18, 1972. Amended by the Clean Water Act of 1977,

5127: 4943:"Future Investment in Drinking Water and Wastewater Infrastructure" 3547: 3150: 2767: 2729: 2725: 2703: 2517: 2499: 2461: 2424:, California is the leading state implementing IPR. MF, RO and UV/H 2135: 2069: 2026:, residents consumed drinking water that contained high amounts of 2016: 1247:, which serves 7 million customers and is owned by the French firm 1030: 899: 417: 404:

Most of the first sewer systems in the United States were built as

349: 86:

5% by government grants, 13% by government loans (water only, 2000)

8495: 7512:"States Say Water Infrastructure Needs Far Exceed EPA Estimates". 6083:. Association of Metropolitan Water Agencies. 2007. Archived from 4653:(Report). United States Geological Survey (USGS). 2005. p. 19 3962:"Catskill–Delaware Ultraviolet Water Treatment Facility, New York" 2862:(Report). United States Geological Survey (USGS). 2010. p. 21 2076:

are a prerequisite for accurate, volumetric billing of water users

380:

Drinking water quality standards were first issued in 1914 by the

9556:

2. Water Infrastructure Improvements for the Nation Act of 2016.

9340:"Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF). Frequent Questions" 8878:

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

8756:

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

8085: 7623: 6567:. American Society of Civil Engineers. March 2005. Archived from 5694:"The Colorado River Is Shrinking. See What's Using All the Water" 5153: 4269:. City of Chicago, Department of Water Management. Archived from 2521: 2445: 2260: 2193: 2093: 2089: 1984: 1585: 1460:(NGOs) that are actively engaged in water supply and sanitation. 1414:" which are regulations for categories of industrial facilities. 1403: 1102: 998: 915: 907: 883: 302: 240: 236: 9781:

EPA Alumni Association: Drinking Water, Half Century of Progress

8874:"Indirect Potable Reuse: A Sustainable Water Supply Alternative" 8752:"Indirect Potable Reuse: A Sustainable Water Supply Alternative" 7572: 5460: 2380:

operates the largest recycled water system in the United States.

776: 742:

The largest source of water supply for Portland, Oregon, is the

13957: 8446:

Orange County Water District's Groundwater Replenishment System

8031:

City of Los Angeles, Los Angeles Department of Water and Power:

6508:

Drinking Water Requirements for States and Public Water Systems

6242:

Drinking Water Requirements for States and Public Water Systems

5710:"Water scarcity and fish imperilment driven by beef production" 4869:

Drinking Water Requirements for States and Public Water Systems

4613:"State Rainwater Harvesting Statutes, Programs and Legislation" 2559: 2493: 1930: 1126: 1108: 1096: 1051: 772:

Cities supplied primarily by surface water with water treatment

641: 310: 9224:, December 21, 2000. Added section 402(q) to Clean Water Act, 8720:"Advanced reuse: from Windhoek to Singapore and beyond, Water" 8412:"Advanced reuse: from Windhoek to Singapore and beyond, Water" 7598: 6109:

Allaire, Maura; Wu, Haowei; Lall, Upmanu (February 27, 2018).

4770: 3695:"U.S. EPA Advances Wastewater Treatment Waiver For San Diego." 2252:. Reclaimed water is typically distributed with a color-coded 1824:, is to keep microbial pathogens out of public water sources. 1524:

An example of an NGO active in water supply and sanitation is

8871: 8824: 8749: 8561:

Delta Diablo Sanitation District, Eastern Contra Costa County

8543:

Making the Connections: Reclaimed and Drinking Water Supplies

4761:

The study covered 1,188 households in 14 cities over 3 years.

3083: 3081: 3079: 2983:

Factoids: Drinking Water and Ground Water Statistics for 2007

954: 666:

Cities supplied primarily by surface water without filtration

13401: 9800: 8971: 7715: 7491:"The Economic Benefits of Investing in Water Infrastructure" 6656:"Why Is There So Little Innovation in Water Infrastructure?" 5597: 5447: 5347: 4463:. City of Houston, Public Utilities Division. Archived from 1962: 1560:

About 1.9 trillion gallons of water are consumed within the

9783:– a brief history of U.S. efforts to protect drinking water 9600: 8947:""Toilet to tap" wastewater recycling begins in Texas city" 6728: 6681:"Drinking Water Infrastructure Needs Survey and Assessment" 4361:

The University of Memphis, Groundwater Institute. No date.

4317:. District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority (DC Water) 3799: 2988:(Report). EPA. March 2008. EPA 816-K-07-004. Archived from 2762:

Conduct an assessment of the facility's vulnerabilities to

2709: 2027: 1789: 1720: 949: 159: 12556: 8658: 8656: 8654: 6922: 6920: 6918: 5707: 5419: 4822: 3638:"Response to Congress on Use of Decentralized Wastewater." 3625:

Clean Water For All: A History of Drinking Water Treatment

3076: 2875: 2039: 1292:

Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago

9817: 9041: 8984:

Orange County Groundwater Replenishment System Case Study

7325:

Banzhaf, Spencer; Ma, Lala; Timmins, Christopher (2019).

5406:"NPDES State Program Information—State Program Authority" 4698:. Federal Statistical Office of Germany. January 20, 2006 3808: 2496:

coastal region of Belgium, which began operating in 2002"

1620:

In 2005, 31% of US water use was for irrigation, 49% was

993:

Cities supplied by a mix of groundwater and surface water

567: 7689:

50 Largest Cities Water/Wastewater Rate Survey 2009–2010

7677: 7642:

Bills have been converted from monthly to annual values.

6822: 6273:

United States. Reduction of Lead in Drinking Water Act.

5482: 5324:, December 27, 1977; and the Water Quality Act of 1987, 4678:"Household water use in England and Wales, 1992 to 2007" 4523:"Criteria and Guidelines for the "Rainwater Harvesting"" 3195: 2770:, or terrorist attack, and submit the report to the EPA. 2134:, the controlled addition of moderate concentrations of 1738:, rather than the water delivered by the utility. EPA's 420:

in the late 1850s, followed by other major U.S. cities.

9243:"Clean Water State Revolving Fund 2001 progress report" 8651: 8208: 7237: 7116:

Vanderwarker, Amy (2009). "Central Valley Water Woes".

6915: 6464:"Final PFAS National Primary Drinking Water Regulation" 5505: 5232:

United States. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act.

3541:. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. 3536: 2918: 2881: 2732:, and emergency water supplies can be put into effect. 2054:

New York State Department of Environmental Conservation

545: 8263:

UF Professor: Drought Highlights Value Of Reused Water

6257:"Unsafe Lead Levels in Tap Water Not Limited to Flint" 6111:"National trends in drinking water quality violations" 5004:. U.S. Department of Agriculture. 2002. Archived from 4979: 4496:. Colorado Division of Water Resources. Archived from 3661:

2012 Clean Watersheds Needs Survey; Report to Congress

3397:. New York City Department of Environmental Protection 2259:

The leaders in use of reclaimed water in the U.S. are

2171:

industrial water as a share of total water withdrawals

9414:"Clean Water State Revolving Fund 2007 Annual Report" 7700: 7244:

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

6179:. Virginia Department of Health. 2007. Archived from 5918:"Estimated Use of Water in the United States in 2005" 4696:"Water use continues to decline slightly (in German)" 373:

built between 1905 and 1913 to supply water from the

333:, followed suit by beginning the construction of the 158:, there are concerns about disinfection by-products, 9445:. Water Infrastructure Network. 2000. Archived from 9022:

Green Valley Park Lakes Groundwater Recharge Project

7553:. Water Infrastructure Network. 2000. Archived from 6962: 6930:. Oakland, CA: US Water Alliance. November 21, 2019. 5687: 5685: 4217:. City of San Diego Water Department. Archived from 3347: 3145: 3143: 3141: 3048: 3046: 1551: 1491:

National Association of Clean Water Agencies (NACWA)

1268:

New York City Department of Environmental Protection

12585:

Responsibilities in Latin America and the Caribbean

7922: 6406: 6404: 6255:Wines, Michael; Schwartz, John (February 8, 2016). 6005: 6003: 3285:. United States Census Bureau. 2007. Archived from 3269:"How the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund Works" 9822: 9734:"EPA - Water Security - Vulnerability Assessments" 9558: 9540: 9499: 9210: 7150: 6275: 5326: 5313: 5300: 5267: 5234: 4095:. Denver Water. September 11, 2008. Archived from 3751: 3478: 3444:Dalecarlia Water Treatment Plant, Washington, D.C. 3255:"Learn about the Clean Water State Revolving Fund" 3123: 3121: 3119: 3117: 3115: 1318:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California 844:obtains about half of its drinking water from the 329:that fed the city's distribution system. In 1853, 273:was provided through grants to local governments. 9728: 9726: 7285: 7283: 6818: 6816: 5682: 5348:"National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System" 5177: 5076:. City of Santa Clara. California. Archived from 3865: 3485:. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. pp. 3458: 3456: 3138: 3043: 1772:perchlorate contamination. In September 2020 the 1161:brings water from Northern to Southern California 1033:, water rights laws almost completely restricted 449: 14347:Water supply and sanitation in the United States 14338: 11262:Native American recognition in the United States 9538:1. Fixing America's Surface Transportation Act. 9368:. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Archived from 7324: 7233: 7231: 6870: 6868: 6401: 6000: 5180:"Reflections on Water Pricing and Tariff Design" 4560:"It's Now Legal to Catch a Raindrop in Colorado" 3673:City of San Diego, Public Utilities, Wastewater: 3134:. Grasonville, MD: EPA Alumni Association. 2016. 2704:Protecting water utilities from terrorist attack 2510:– one of the three major water providers in the 824:draws about half of its drinking water from the 280: 136:Water supply and sanitation in the United States 9198:(Report). EPA. December 1999. EPA 810-K-99-004. 8921: 8919: 8458:Council, National Research (January 10, 2012). 6829:Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 6115:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 5666:. Alliance for Water Efficiency. Archived from 4743:Mayer, P.W.; DeOreo, W.B.; et al. (1999). 3891:"New York City Watershed:Filtration Avoidance." 3877:National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System 3727:"Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) Control Policy." 3655: 3653: 3466:(Report). EPA. February 2000. EPA 816-F-00-006. 3112: 2408: 989:; it did not use any surface water until 2006. 9723: 9432: 9305:"The Clean Water State Revolving Fund Program" 9099:"Wichita Falls Drops Wastewater Reuse Project" 8972:Orange County Groundwater Replenishment System 8745: 8743: 8741: 8739: 7867:. Pacific Institute. June 2006. Archived from 7711:. International Water Association. p. 34. 7706:Gary Zimmerman, Executive Director of AWWA in 7280: 7076: 7074: 6874: 6813: 5895:. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press. 5740: 5644:. National Association of Clean Water Agencies 5530:. National Association of Clean Water Agencies 5210:. National Academy of Sciences. Archived from 5178:Whittington, Dale; Boland, John (April 2001). 5173: 5171: 4913:"Private Water Service Providers: Quick Facts" 4829:Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine 4672: 3453: 3249: 3247: 3170:. United States Geological Survey (USGS). 2005 2951: 2949: 2947: 2945: 2801:List of water supply and sanitation by country 2149: 1394:systems), other government facilities such as 1214:District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority 784:is the secondary source of drinking water for 377:over a distance of 233 mi (375 km). 13943: 13387: 12542: 11659:Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States 9843: 9806:Rural Water Supplies and Water Quality Issues 9440:"Clean & Safe Water for the 21st Century" 9273: 9271: 7954:. United States Census Bureau. Archived from 7548:"Clean & Safe Water for the 21st Century" 7445: 7443: 7228: 6865: 6254: 6108: 4907: 4905: 4903: 4901: 4736: 3936:2005 Drinking Water Supply and Quality Report 3748:"Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1996." 3663:(Report). EPA. January 2016. EPA 830-R-15005. 3191: 3189: 3187: 3185: 3097:"Investing in America's Water Infrastructure" 2533: 1376:United States Environmental Protection Agency 651:systems, and 34% (101 million) are served by 337:to provide water from the Great Falls on the 14277:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 9188: 8916: 8344: 8342: 8194:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 7485: 7483: 7481: 7115: 6875:Switzer, David; Teodoro, Manuel P . (2017). 6496: 6072: 6070: 6068: 5843:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 5226: 5208:National Academies' Water Information Center 4948:. Congressional Budget Office. November 2002 3787:"Combined Sewer Overflow Frequent Questions" 3700: 3650: 3430:"Metropolitan Boston's Water System History" 3129:"Drinking Water: A Half Century of Progress" 3058:National Academies' Water Information Center 2064: 1951:that prevented their access to clean water. 1931:Historical causes of limited access to water 19:Water supply and sanitation in United States 13958:Water supply and sanitation in the Americas 9334: 9332: 8941: 8939: 8736: 8640:Water Systems Maintenance Mission Statement 7941: 7891:"Applause, At Last, For Desalination Plant" 7800: 7071: 6549:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 6238:"Lead and Copper Rule Implementation Tools" 5798: 5748:"Water Supply and Use in the United States" 5168: 4742: 4169:. Los Angeles Department of Water and Power 4051:. San Francisco Public Utilities Commission 3986: 3742: 3740: 3261: 3244: 2977: 2975: 2973: 2971: 2969: 2942: 2851: 2849: 2847: 2845: 2843: 1704:Drinking water quality in the United States 1418:issue permits for the rest of the country. 689:Boston receives most of its water from the 480:Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1948 13950: 13936: 13394: 13380: 12549: 12535: 9857: 9850: 9836: 9756:"IV -- Drinking Water Security and Safety" 9268: 8714: 8712: 8620:"Recycled Water – Public Utilities: Water" 8238:"Rules and Regulations for Recycled Water" 8134:Community Water System Survey 2000, Vol. 2 8007: 8005: 8003: 7918: 7916: 7583:Community Water System Survey 2000, Vol. 1 7440: 6752:"WASHwatch.org – United States of America" 6649: 6647: 6519: 6517: 6009: 5642:"Water & Wastewater Leadership Center" 4898: 4642: 4640: 4638: 4437:. San Antonio Water System. Archived from 4411:. San Antonio Water System. Archived from 4385:. San Antonio Water System. Archived from 3781: 3779: 3719: 3182: 2957:Community Water System Survey 2000, Vol. 1 2817: 2815: 2351: 2332:occurs. The section of the river south of 11272:Federally recognized Alaska Native tribes 9513:, title V, §5022. Approved June 10, 2014. 8899: 8889: 8777: 8767: 8339: 8236:The City of San Diego. Water Department. 8160: 8158: 8150:Profile of the German Water Industry 2008 7828: 7818: 7794: 7478: 7423: 7342: 7263: 6944:. Institute for the Study of Human Rights 6840: 6510:. Washington, DC: EPA. December 18, 2018. 6152: 6134: 6065: 6042: 6040: 5987: 5875: 5508:. National Association of Water Companies 5126:. Central Arizona Project. Archived from 4915:. National Association of Water Companies 4840: 4790: 4788: 4786: 4731:Profile of the German Water Industry 2008 4141:"Water Wars: Quenching Las Vegas' Thirst" 4035:Water Sources & Water Supply Planning 4031:San Francisco Public Utilities Commission 3546: 3391:"History of New York City Drinking Water" 2911: 2773:Show that the facility has an up-to-date 2578:Los Angeles Department of Water and Power 2183: 2154: 2011:examined the development of parasites in 1963:Affected regions across the United States 1697: 1284:Los Angeles Department of Water and Power 1280:San Francisco Public Utilities Commission 1218:Los Angeles Department of Water and Power 1143: 1062:use among other water-saving techniques. 961:obtain drinking water primarily from the 640:is a source of drinking water supply for 13403:Water supply and sanitation in the World 9635: 9329: 9062: 9060: 8936: 8164: 7289: 6801:Ingraham, Christopher (April 23, 2014). 6800: 6332: 5858:Zhu, David Z.; Yang, Y. Jeffrey (2014). 5664:"Welcome Letter from Chair of the Board" 5622:. National Rural Water Association. 2008 5412: 4865:"Information about Public Water Systems" 4773:Residential End Uses of Water, Version 2 4764: 4551: 4189:"California's Colorado River Allocation" 3737: 3509: 2966: 2840: 2642: 2244:, it is also used for flushing toilets. 2166: 2068: 1970: 1807: 1644: 1555: 1300: 1152: 1079:(150 Liter) and 2.6 times as high as in 950:Cities supplied primarily by groundwater 862: 775: 631: 552: 464: 453: 391: 387: 284: 54:330 litres (87 US gal) in 2010 11323:List of counties and county equivalents 9636:Copeland, Claudia (December 15, 2010). 9147: 8709: 8457: 8279: 8000: 7913: 7807:Australia and New Zealand Health Policy 7743: 7624:Miami-Dade Water and Sewer Department. 7599:Global Water Intelligence/OECD (2007). 7185: 6644: 6588: 6586: 6514: 5857: 5360:EPA. "Secondary Treatment Regulation." 4974: 4972: 4885:. United States Geological Survey. 2005 4635: 4557: 3776: 3464:The History of Drinking Water Treatment 3343: 2812: 2672:United States Department of Agriculture 2127:Water fluoridation in the United States 2040:Federal spending on water accessibility 1880:initiative designed to reduce combined 1859:Only 5 percent of the $ 4.3 billion in 1751:Reduction of Lead in Drinking Water Act 1369: 1276:Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission 1226:Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission 1024: 973:to help preserve the Biscayne Aquifer. 14339: 12557:Water supply and sanitation by country 9150:"Turning L.A. wastewater to tap water" 8369: 8155: 8106: 7029:Proceedings of the Asil Annual Meeting 6729:"Clean Watersheds Needs Survey (CWNS)" 6653: 6424: 6177:"Cryptosporidiosis and Drinking Water" 6037: 5600:. Lisle, IL: Water Quality Association 4783: 4119:"Lake Mead Water Could Dry Up by 2021" 3987:Greenemeier, Larry (August 31, 2012). 3855:and "Secondary Treatment Regulation", 3476: 3341: 3339: 3337: 3335: 3333: 3331: 3329: 3327: 3325: 3323: 3308:Hanna, Thomas M. (December 10, 2018). 3095:Mehan, G. Tracy III (April 15, 2003). 3013: 3011: 2679:American Recovery and Reinvestment Act 1843:In its Infrastructure Report Card the 1731:(PFAS) and pharmaceutical substances. 1463:Professional associations include the 1356:Resource Conservation and Recovery Act 735:for irrigation, local groundwater and 701:in central and western Massachusetts. 231:History of water supply and sanitation 138:involves a number of issues including 51:Average urban water use (L/person/day) 13931: 13375: 12530: 9831: 9801:EPA Wastewater Permit Program – NPDES 9474:"Is Washington creating more Flints?" 9471: 9091: 9057: 7927:. Island Press. pp. 58–59, 368. 7737: 7389: 7080: 7026: 7014:International Human Rights Law Clinic 6599:. EPA. September 2002. Archived from 6333:Friedman, Lisa (September 27, 2020). 5996:. Ann Arbor, MI: Center for Michigan. 5915: 4605: 3831:"Water and Wastewater Systems Sector" 3307: 3094: 2638: 2558:before being released into a holding 2111: 1975:Signage describing poor water quality 1443: 1427:Underground Injection Control Program 1228:that spans two counties in Maryland. 1167:List of United States water companies 985:draws the bulk of its water from the 520:Point Loma Wastewater Treatment Plant 9812:Public Water Systems – Water Sources 9066: 9034: 8326:"Division on Earth and Life Studies" 7449: 7331:The Journal of Economic Perspectives 6654:Grabar, Henry (September 13, 2013). 6628:. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from 6583: 6487:. Correction notice: 2006-11-21, 75 6010:Pilkington, Ed (September 5, 2017). 5988:Alexander, Jeff (January 20, 2019). 5864:Journal of Environmental Engineering 5691: 4969: 4111: 3060:. National Academies. Archived from 2602: 2344:for Houston. Once the water reaches 1812:In November 2006, EPA published its 1634:Water pollution in the United States 1294:or the sewer utility in the city of 1148: 1029:In the United States, until 2009 in 546:Technical and environmental overview 195:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 75:Share of self-financing by utilities 9808:– Centers for Disease Control (CDC) 7897:. December 22, 2007. Archived from 7681: 7601:"GWI/OECD Water Tariff Survey 2007" 7118:Race, Poverty & the Environment 5576:"About the Water Reuse Association" 4339:. Miami-Dade County. Archived from 3793: 3614: 3320: 3089:Water on Tap: What You Need to Know 3008: 2683:United States Bureau of Reclamation 2629:Drinking Water State Revolving Fund 2031:in 2014. A group of researchers at 1845:American Society of Civil Engineers 1729:per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances 1465:American Society of Civil Engineers 926:receives 60% of its water from the 886:receives 70% of its water from the 540:Drinking Water State Revolving Fund 382:United States Public Health Service 197:(EPA) and state agencies under the 13: 9773: 9563:Tooltip Public Law (United States) 9545:Tooltip Public Law (United States) 9504:Tooltip Public Law (United States) 9366:"Water and Environmental Programs" 9279:"Clean Water State Revolving Fund" 9215:Tooltip Public Law (United States) 8048:About the WaterWiser Clearinghouse 7765:10.1111/j.1752-7325.1993.tb02666.x 7753:Journal of Public Health Dentistry 7654:"Water industry facts and figures" 7452:Water Environment & Technology 6523: 6425:Slisco, Aila (September 4, 2020). 6280:Tooltip Public Law (United States) 5963:"Selected Housing Characteristics" 5877:10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0000865 5704:from the original on May 23, 2023. 5448:"Clean Water State Revolving Fund" 5331:Tooltip Public Law (United States) 5318:Tooltip Public Law (United States) 5305:Tooltip Public Law (United States) 5272:Tooltip Public Law (United States) 5239:Tooltip Public Law (United States) 4982:. National Rural Water Association 4980:"National Rural Water Association" 4487:"Rainwater Collection in Colorado" 3756:Tooltip Public Law (United States) 3214:10.1146/annurev-nutr-122319-035707 2791:Bottled water in the United States 1910:"safely managed sanitation" system 1664: 871:provides 40% of the water used in 714:ultraviolet germicidal irradiation 498:was adopted for the regulation of 435:facility in the U.S. was built in 14: 14358: 10668:Director of National Intelligence 9788: 9619:Ground Water & Drinking Water 8107:Holmes, Kristen (July 16, 2021). 7723:"Water, sewage and other systems" 6357:Consumer Confidence Reports (CCR) 4046: 3415:City of Chicago Water Department: 2100:in 2008 was equivalent to $ 466. 1838: 1774:Natural Resources Defense Council 1600: 1552:Water scarcity and climate change 1349:drinking water quality regulation 1260:Boston Water and Sewer Commission 965:. Given increasing water demand, 561: 96:Responsibility for policy setting 14153: 14120:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 13523:Democratic Republic of the Congo 12647:Democratic Republic of the Congo 12594: 10824:Government Accountability Office 9823:National Rural Water Association 9748: 9701: 9655: 9643:. Congressional Research Service 9629: 9607: 9575: 9530: 9516: 9491: 9465: 9406: 9384: 9358: 9297: 9235: 9202: 9162: 9141: 9117: 9046: 9015: 8996: 8977: 8965: 8865: 8818: 8802:"From toilets to tap. USA Today" 8794: 8677: 8633: 8612: 8594: 8572: 8554: 8536: 8510: 8484: 8451: 8428: 8404: 8363: 8318: 8297: 8256: 8229: 8202: 8143: 8126: 8100: 8078: 8053: 8044:American Water Works Association 8037: 8025: 7974: 7883: 7857: 7853:Opposition to water fluoridation 7845: 7645: 7617: 7592: 7540: 7514:Inside EPA's Water Policy Report 7505: 7383: 7318: 7292:Tulane Environmental Law Journal 7214: 7179: 7153:Tulane Environmental Law Journal 7144: 7109: 7057:10.5305/procannmeetasil.106.0046 7041:10.5305/procannmeetasil.106.0046 7020: 6999: 6956: 6934: 6794: 6769: 6744: 6721: 6695: 6673: 6618: 6557: 6470: 6456: 6437: 6418: 6381: 6363: 6345: 6326: 6311: 6292: 6267: 6248: 6230: 6213: 6195: 6169: 6102: 5981: 5955: 5938: 5909: 5884: 5851: 5817: 5811: 5792: 5770: 5656: 5634: 5612: 5590: 5568: 5542: 5520: 5498: 5476: 5462:American Water Works Association 5454: 5440: 5426: 5398: 5384: 5378:"Industrial Effluent Guidelines" 5370: 4315:"From the Potomac to your Pipes" 4121:. Environment News Service. 2008 3914:. The National Academies Press. 3847:Clean Water Act sec. 304(d)(1), 2796:Environment of the United States 2720:and prevent security breaches." 2668:Clean Water State Revolving Fund 2621:Clean Water State Revolving Fund 2005:Government Accountability Office 1498:National Rural Water Association 1469:American Water Works Association 1438:Clean Water State Revolving Fund 1326:Central Arizona Project Aqueduct 627: 536:Clean Water State Revolving Fund 459:Stickney Water Reclamation Plant 9795:Ground Water and Drinking Water 9524:"Learn About the WIFIA Program" 9342:. EPA. May 1999. Archived from 9310:. EPA. May 1999. Archived from 9248:. EPA. May 2001. Archived from 9170:"Welcome to the Mayor's Office" 8927:History of Water Reuse in Texas 6412:"Perchlorate in Drinking Water" 6353:"CCR Information for Consumers" 5925:United States Geological Survey 5818:A.A., Tindall, J.A., Campbell. 5354: 5340: 5292: 5259: 5196: 5142: 5116: 5084: 5066: 5043: 5020: 4994: 4960: 4928:"Community water system survey" 4875: 4857: 4745:"Residential End Uses of Water" 4724: 4708:The original German quote is: " 4688: 4666: 4579: 4558:Johnson, Kirk (June 28, 2009). 4515: 4479: 4453: 4427: 4401: 4375: 4355: 4329: 4307: 4295:. Philadelphia Water Department 4285: 4259: 4233: 4207: 4181: 4159: 4133: 4085: 4063: 4040: 4024: 4007:"Croton Water Filtration Plant" 3999: 3980: 3954: 3928: 3903: 3883: 3873:"Secondary Treatment Standards" 3841: 3835:Critical Infrastructure Sectors 3823: 3687: 3667: 3630: 3601: 3584: 3530: 3503: 3470: 3436: 3422: 3409: 3383: 3310:"The Public Ownership Solution" 3301: 3275: 2777:plan, should an incident occur. 2504:Upper Occoquan Sewage Authority 2373:Contra Costa County, California 2120: 1833:Environmental Protection Agency 1440:, a low interest loan program. 1278:. Other utilities, such as the 1072:United States Geological Survey 880:cities on the Mississippi River 70:$ 28.5 bn or $ 97/capita (2005) 12467:Separation of church and state 10683:National Reconnaissance Office 10626:President of the United States 9591:. Fact Sheet. January 16, 2015 9148:Connell, Rich (June 7, 2008). 5784:. May 29, 2008. Archived from 5778:"Cashing in on climate change" 4049:"San Francisco's Water Supply" 3151:"Private Drinking Water Wells" 2999: 2556:ultraviolet light disinfection 2508:Fairfax County Water Authority 2474:indirect potable reuse program 2230: 1902:"safely managed" water sources 1458:non-governmental organizations 804:obtains 90% of its water from 615:publicly owned treatment works 461:, serving metropolitan Chicago 450:After 1948: Federal government 115: 104: 1: 9621:. May 4, 2007. Archived from 9572:, §5008. Approved 2016-12-16. 9554:, §1445. Approved 2015-12-04. 9472:Vinik, Danny (May 25, 2016). 8370:Wehner, Mike (May 23, 2010). 8209:Irvine Ranch Water District. 8165:LeChevallier, Mark W., Ph.D. 7725:. United States Census Bureau 7588:(Report). EPA. December 2002. 5801:"Arizona's Next Water Crisis" 4267:"Consumer Confidence Reports" 3968:. New York: Verdict Media Ltd 2806: 1534:Alliance for Water Efficiency 1331: 1050:, in the southern suburbs of 281:Piped water supply until 1948 10829:Government Publishing Office 10297:Technological and industrial 8851:10.1016/j.watres.2015.03.011 8448:, accessed September 9, 2011 8444:, accessed January 8, 2007; 7982:"U.S. Global Water Strategy" 5692:Shao, Elena (May 22, 2023). 5484:Water Environment Federation 5362:Code of Federal Regulations, 4363:History of the Memphis Water 3857:Code of Federal Regulations, 3516:. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 2492:The Torreele project in the 2409:Indirect potable reuse (IPR) 2311:Orange County Water District 2180:strengthen water financing. 1798:perfluorohexanesulfonic acid 1794:perfluorobutanesulfonic acid 1786:perfluorooctanesulfonic acid 1758:Flint, Michigan water crisis 1640:National Academy of Sciences 1627: 1546:adaptation to climate change 1473:Water Environment Federation 1288:Orlando Utilities Commission 1065: 938:receives its water from the 918:receives its water from the 660:Surface Water Treatment Rule 530:In 1987 Congress passed the 444:decentralized septic systems 207:Public utilities commissions 7: 12301:Women's reproductive health 11267:Federally recognized tribes 11130:Public utilities commission 11034:Public Health Service Corps 10937:Code of Federal Regulations 10819:Congressional Budget Office 10673:Central Intelligence Agency 10579:Water supply and sanitation 10006:Declaration of Independence 8050:. Retrieved April 16, 2009. 6893:10.5942/jawwa.2017.109.0128 6375:Consumer Confidence Reports 6289:. Approved January 4, 2011. 5063:. Retrieved March 26, 2009. 5054:About us: Facts and figures 5040:. Retrieved March 26, 2009. 4716:", which translates as "... 4494:Colorado water law, notices 4461:"Drinking Water Operations" 4409:"About the Edwards Aquifer" 4093:"Denver Water: An Overview" 4037:. Retrieved April 16, 2009. 3357:Journal of Urban Technology 3283:"Mean Income: 1975 to 2007" 2920:United States Census Bureau 2883:United States Census Bureau 2784: 2307:Irvine Ranch Water District 2150:Responses to address issues 1402:facilities, such as animal 239:in 1832, 1849 and 1866 and 184:reuse of treated wastewater 59:Share of household metering 10: 14363: 11479:Red states and blue states 11384:City commission government 11379:Council–manager government 9709:"Bioterrorism Act of 2002" 8268:September 7, 2006, at the 8034:. Retrieved July 17, 2014. 7520:(9): 4–5. April 28, 2008. 6977:10.3362/1756-3488.2014.031 6359:. EPA. September 27, 2019. 5002:"Connecting Rural America" 4842:10.1001/archpedi.161.5.457 4593:. Texas Legislature Online 4383:"History & Chronology" 3805:"Joint Monitoring Program" 3773:. Approved August 6, 1996. 3684:. Retrieved July 26, 2010. 3627:. Retrieved July 26, 2010. 3611:Approved October 18, 1972. 3419:. Retrieved July 26, 2010. 3202:Annual Review of Nutrition 2538:In July 2014, the city of 2534:Direct potable reuse (DPR) 2124: 2009:Baylor College of Medicine 1981:Central Valley, California 1701: 1631: 1482:in the sector, including: 1338:Public Utility Commissions 1196:public-private partnership 1164: 969:is considering the use of 910:is supplied by water from 504:maximum contaminant levels 228: 224: 118:of rural service providers 107:of urban service providers 14295: 14262:Saint Pierre and Miquelon 14162: 14151: 13963: 13409: 13298: 13217: 13009: 12978: 12785: 12604: 12591: 12562: 12488: 12314: 12187: 12119: 11772: 11768: 11759: 11707: 11572: 11563: 11459: 11430: 11407: 11346: 11313: 11304: 11247: 11235:Comparison of governments 11210: 11173: 11150: 11066: 11046: 10977: 10915: 10837: 10760: 10618: 10609: 10605: 10596: 10318: 10309: 10254: 10214:Post-Cold War (1991–2008) 10055:drafting and ratification 10028:Articles of Confederation 9941: 9875: 9866: 9394:. Water Reuse Association 9067:Kean, Sam (Winter 2015). 8606:January 13, 2005, at the 6842:10.1017/S1742058X16000242 6244:. EPA. December 22, 2020. 5967:American Community Survey 5799:James, Ian; O'Dell, Rob. 5726:10.1038/s41893-020-0483-z 5578:. Water Reuse Association 5436:. EPA. February 17, 2020. 5380:. EPA. February 12, 2020. 5350:. EPA. February 21, 2020. 3900:Retrieved April 17, 2009. 3801:World Health Organization 3640:Retrieved July 26, 2010. 3510:Troesken, Werner (2004). 2582:groundwater contamination 2502:Occoquan Reservoir – The 2478:Orange County, California 2199:Energy Policy Act of 1992 2065:Pricing and affordability 1921:American Community Survey 1895: 1827:Congress recognized that 1539: 1511:Water Quality Association 1450:professional associations 1421:Wastewater discharges to 1206:Public service providers. 1001:'s supply flows from the 890:and another 28% from the 592:water distribution system 557:Typical urban water cycle 325:transported water to the 125: 114: 103: 95: 90: 82: 74: 66: 58: 50: 39: 28: 23: 14282:Turks and Caicos Islands 12254:Prescription drug prices 11374:Mayor–council government 11364:Coterminous municipality 11354:Consolidated city-county 11120:Agriculture commissioner 10770:House of Representatives 10678:National Security Agency 10328:Contiguous United States 9027:October 9, 2006, at the 8548:August 15, 2004, at the 7694:August 10, 2010, at the 5450:. EPA. February 6, 2020. 5408:. EPA. December 2, 2019. 4435:"Western Canyon Project" 4071:"The Bull Run Watershed" 3879:. EPA. November 1, 2016. 3697:Retrieved July 26, 2010. 3693:EPA (December 6, 1995). 3513:Water, Race, and Disease 2625:combined sewer overflows 1890:combined sewer overflows 1765:Consumer Confidence Rule 1717:disinfection by-products 1670:Combined sewer overflows 1272:Seattle Public Utilities 1089:indoor end uses of water 977:receives its water from 525:advanced primary process 152:combined sewer overflows 67:Annual investment in WSS 12339:Criticism of government 11684:Social welfare programs 11277:State-recognized tribes 10262:Outline of U.S. history 9974:Continental Association 9008:April 13, 2015, at the 8989:March 31, 2012, at the 8580:"SAWS: Water Recycling" 8566:March 27, 2007, at the 8440:April 10, 2007, at the 7396:Health and Human Rights 6414:. EPA. January 5, 2024. 6136:10.1073/pnas.1719805115 5422:. EPA. October 3, 2019. 5204:"Drinking Water Basics" 5036:March 14, 2009, at the 4073:. Portland Water Bureau 3896:April 17, 2009, at the 3789:. EPA. August 24, 2020. 3054:"Drinking Water Basics" 2614:Safe Drinking Water Act 2403:St. Petersburg, Florida 2352:Non-potable reuse (NPR) 2013:Lowndes County, Alabama 1822:Safe Drinking Water Act 1816:, due to concerns that 1649:Sanitary sewer overflow 1431:Safe Drinking Water Act 1307:Central Arizona Project 1131:4% Other domestic uses. 997:Seventy-one percent of 838:Central Arizona Project 496:Safe Drinking Water Act 355:Jersey City, New Jersey 317:was impounded creating 199:Safe Drinking Water Act 14197:British Virgin Islands 13473:Bosnia and Herzegovina 13037:Bosnia and Herzegovina 12401:Environmental movement 12244:Health insurance costs 12139:Educational attainment 11664:Federal Reserve System 11622:Science and technology 11125:Insurance commissioner 10663:Intelligence Community 10358:minor outlying islands 10121:Civil rights movement 9689:Cite journal requires 9526:. EPA. March 21, 2017. 8645:June 19, 2006, at the 8291:June 11, 2011, at the 8286:Sierra Club Fact Sheet 7820:10.1186/1743-8462-4-25 4871:. EPA. March 26, 2020. 4167:"Los Angeles Aqueduct" 3725:EPA (April 19, 1994). 3675:History and Background 3644:June 15, 2010, at the 3572:Cite journal requires 3477:Sedlak, David (2014). 3257:. EPA. April 11, 2022. 3153:. EPA. April 26, 2019. 3101:Speeches and Testimony 2750:Since 2002, under the 2656: 2649:United States Congress 2184:Demand-side management 2172: 2155:Supply-side management 2077: 1976: 1935:As a direct result of 1866: 1802:perfluorononanoic acid 1782:perfluorooctanoic acid 1698:Drinking water quality 1650: 1566: 1526:Food & Water Watch 1478:There are a number of 1448:There are a number of 1347:The environmental and 1310: 1264:Dallas Water Utilities 1162: 1144:Institutional overview 875: 793: 728:Hetch Hetchy Reservoir 644: 588:water treatment plants 558: 474: 462: 401: 396:Sewer construction in 293: 255:germ theory of disease 156:drinking water quality 83:Share of tax-financing 29:Access to an at least 14110:Saint Kitts and Nevis 12227:Immigrant health care 11742:Transportation safety 11737:Transportation policy 11727:Public transportation 10797:President pro tempore 10653:Executive departments 10422:National Park Service 10077:Territorial evolution 9416:. EPA. Archived from 9281:. EPA. Archived from 9069:"Waste Not, Want Not" 8891:10.3390/ijerph6031174 8769:10.3390/ijerph6031174 8697:on September 16, 2013 8392:on September 16, 2013 8274:University of Florida 7390:Gaber, Nadia (2019). 7256:10.4269/ajtmh.17-0396 7083:California Law Review 6660:The Atlantic – Cities 6371:"Find Your Local CCR" 6209:. EPA. July 30, 2018. 5754:. EPA. Archived from 5714:Nature Sustainability 5488:"Member associations" 5472:on September 1, 2007. 5394:. EPA. July 12, 2019. 5392:"NPDES Permit Basics" 5059:July 5, 2014, at the 5031:Corporate Information 4530:Pilot Project Program 3271:. EPA. June 24, 2022. 2737:communication systems 2664:state revolving funds 2653:state revolving funds 2646: 2221:unaccounted-for water 2211:program to encourage 2170: 2072: 1974: 1946:In 1954, the city of 1853: 1808:Groundwater pollution 1648: 1559: 1425:are regulated by the 1314:Bulk water suppliers. 1304: 1156: 959:its metropolitan area 866: 779: 635: 556: 468: 457: 395: 388:Sanitation until 1948 363:rapid sand filtration 288: 211:state revolving funds 12960:United Arab Emirates 12396:Environmental issues 12061:Political ideologies 11960:Indigenous languages 11160:List of legislatures 10957:separation of powers 10658:Independent agencies 10584:World Heritage Sites 10219:September 11 attacks 10142:Spanish–American War 10082:Mexican–American War 10038:Confederation period 9969:Continental Congress 9625:on January 11, 2010. 9420:on December 13, 2012 7801:Armfield JM (2007). 7687:Black & Veatch, 7344:10.1257/jep.33.1.185 6466:. EPA. May 22, 2024. 6377:. EPA. May 19, 2017. 5916:Kenny, Joan (2009). 5156:on February 19, 2015 5080:on December 4, 2007. 4684:on February 5, 2009. 4591:82nd Regular Session 4372:. Retrieved 2-27-09. 4343:on September 6, 2008 3811:on February 16, 2008 3680:May 6, 2010, at the 3289:on November 27, 2008 3064:on February 20, 2009 2741:emergency procedures 2527:Wichita Falls, Texas 2483:Pasadena, California 2363:Clark County, Nevada 2293:groundwater recharge 1941:environmental racism 1919:In results from the 1878:green infrastructure 1818:public water systems 1749:Congress passed the 1740:Lead and Copper Rule 1692:wastewater treatment 1370:Wastewater treatment 1230:Utility cooperatives 1056:Santa Fe, New Mexico 1044:Colorado Legislature 1039:rights to take water 1035:rainwater harvesting 1025:Rainwater harvesting 854:Los Angeles Aqueduct 590:, reservoirs in the 500:public water systems 398:Keene, New Hampshire 371:Los Angeles Aqueduct 359:Slow sand filtration 266:Wastewater treatment 191:Public water systems 14287:U.S. Virgin Islands 14130:Trinidad and Tobago 13975:Antigua and Barbuda 13858:Trinidad and Tobago 13351:Trinidad and Tobago 13142:Republic of Ireland 12239:Health care finance 11732:Rail transportation 11498:Imperial presidency 11220:State constitutions 11165:List of legislators 11115:Auditor/Comptroller 11088:Lieutenant governor 10814:Library of Congress 10705:Diplomatic Security 10348:Indian reservations 10011:American Revolution 9176:on January 23, 2009 8843:2015WatRe..77..213M 8524:on October 13, 2004 8518:"Water Reclamation" 8276:News. May 24, 2000. 8211:"Water Reclamation" 8011:Heather Cooley and 7901:on January 13, 2008 7871:on November 8, 2009 6504:"Ground Water Rule" 6127:2018PNAS..115.2078A 5788:on October 4, 2008. 5337:, February 4, 1987. 4751:on February 4, 2009 4293:"Urban Water Cycle" 4247:on February 3, 2009 3993:Scientific American 2565:Proposed projects: 2368:Clearwater, Florida 2315:Southern California 2140:public water supply 2117:employees in 2002. 1756:In response to the 1412:Effluent guidelines 1322:California Aqueduct 1173:public water system 1159:California Aqueduct 944:Washington Aqueduct 888:Chattahoochee River 780:Lake Havasu on the 697:Reservoirs and the 638:Wachusett Reservoir 511:secondary treatment 471:secondary treatment 335:Washington Aqueduct 327:Brookline Reservoir 323:Cochituate Aqueduct 40:Access to at least 20: 14040:Dominican Republic 13533:Dominican Republic 13245:Dominican Republic 12580:Sub-Saharan Africa 12349:affirmative action 12322:Capital punishment 12281:Poverty and health 12276:Physician shortage 12249:Health care prices 12179:Standard of living 11862:standard of living 11669:Financial position 11296:Hawaiian home land 11284:Indian reservation 11257:Tribal sovereignty 11100:Secretary of state 10969:United States Code 10885:Territorial courts 10857:Associate Justices 10742:Inspector generals 10229:War in Afghanistan 10092:Reconstruction era 9959:Stamp Act Congress 7988:. October 21, 2019 6632:on October 6, 2014 6339:The New York Times 5969:. US Census Bureau 5698:The New York Times 5289:December 11, 1980. 5104:on August 24, 2009 4801:. EPA. August 2003 4674:Environment Agency 4623:on October 8, 2013 4565:The New York Times 3031:on August 18, 2018 2775:emergency response 2694:Flint water crisis 2657: 2639:Federal assistance 2514:metropolitan area. 2467:Further examples: 2277:Los Angeles County 2190:water conservation 2173: 2132:Water fluoridation 2112:Retiring workforce 2106:Black & Veatch 2078: 1977: 1744:lead service lines 1736:lead service lines 1651: 1575:National Academies 1567: 1480:trade associations 1454:trade associations 1444:Other stakeholders 1342:economic regulator 1311: 1249:Suez Environnement 1236:Private utilities. 1163: 876: 798:water purification 794: 766:South Platte River 762:Continental Divide 744:Bull Run Watershed 645: 559: 475: 463: 414:storm water drains 402: 294: 176:water conservation 31:basic water source 18: 14334: 14333: 13925: 13924: 13369: 13368: 13197:England and Wales 12524: 12523: 12484: 12483: 12480: 12479: 12450:National security 12159:Income inequality 12039:Statue of Liberty 11842:income inequality 11755: 11754: 11747:Trucking industry 11559: 11558: 11555: 11554: 11486:Foreign relations 11474:Electoral College 11455: 11454: 11243: 11242: 11195:District attorney 11042: 11041: 10869:Courts of appeals 10592: 10591: 10305: 10304: 10246:COVID-19 pandemic 10199:Feminist Movement 10045:American frontier 9964:Thirteen Colonies 9744:on July 30, 2009. 9601:National Archives 9452:on March 25, 2009 9372:on March 25, 2009 9317:on March 25, 2009 9285:on April 22, 2009 9255:on March 25, 2009 9155:Los Angeles Times 8477:978-0-309-25749-7 8176:on March 18, 2009 7934:978-1-59726-106-7 7895:The Tampa Tribune 7666:on March 25, 2009 7626:"Rate Comparison" 7560:on March 25, 2009 6478:Federal Register, 6445:Federal Register, 6389:Federal Register. 6300:Federal Register, 5902:978-0-309-08982-1 5620:"Our Association" 5556:on April 12, 2009 5256:October 21, 1976. 5214:on March 28, 2009 5130:on March 23, 2009 5092:"MWD at a Glance" 4779:on April 8, 2019. 4721:("Kleingewerbe"). 4368:June 9, 2004, at 4337:"Reclaimed Water" 4273:on March 22, 2010 3921:978-0-309-06777-5 3853:§ 1314(d)(1) 3621:RandomHistory.com 3523:978-0-262-20148-3 3496:978-0-300-19935-2 3369:10.1080/713684134 2995:on July 15, 2008. 2714:terrorist attacks 2603:Pollution control 2472:Big Spring, Texas 2334:Dallas/Fort Worth 2098:England and Wales 1989:coliform bacteria 1937:structural racism 1872:situations, like 1814:Ground Water Rule 1573:According to the 1410:plants, and the " 1149:Service providers 1011:San Jacinto River 979:artesian aquifers 967:Miami-Dade County 930:and 40% from the 818:White Pine County 532:Water Quality Act 321:, from where the 133: 132: 126:Service providers 99:State and federal 14354: 14252:Saint Barthélemy 14212:Falkland Islands 14157: 13952: 13945: 13938: 13929: 13928: 13396: 13389: 13382: 13373: 13372: 13202:Northern Ireland 13001:Papua New Guinea 12599: 12598: 12551: 12544: 12537: 12528: 12527: 12504: 12497: 12384:African American 12266:Health insurance 12154:Household income 12024:National symbols 11955:American English 11928:Federal holidays 11837:household income 11770: 11769: 11766: 11765: 11570: 11569: 11508:Anti-Americanism 11432:Special district 11359:Independent city 11328:County executive 11311: 11310: 11105:Attorney general 11064: 11063: 11053:Federal District 10636:Executive Office 10616: 10615: 10607: 10606: 10603: 10602: 10363:populated places 10343:federal enclaves 10338:federal district 10316: 10315: 10179:American Century 10162:Great Depression 10157:Roaring Twenties 10117:Women's suffrage 9996:Halifax Resolves 9989:Founding Fathers 9984:military history 9949:Pre-colonial era 9873: 9872: 9852: 9845: 9838: 9829: 9828: 9768: 9767: 9765: 9763: 9752: 9746: 9745: 9740:. Archived from 9730: 9721: 9720: 9718: 9716: 9705: 9699: 9698: 9692: 9687: 9685: 9677: 9675: 9673: 9667: 9659: 9653: 9652: 9650: 9648: 9642: 9633: 9627: 9626: 9615:"Water Security" 9611: 9605: 9604: 9598: 9596: 9579: 9573: 9564: 9560: 9546: 9542: 9534: 9528: 9527: 9520: 9514: 9505: 9501: 9495: 9489: 9488: 9486: 9484: 9469: 9463: 9461: 9459: 9457: 9451: 9444: 9436: 9430: 9429: 9427: 9425: 9410: 9404: 9403: 9401: 9399: 9388: 9382: 9381: 9379: 9377: 9362: 9356: 9355: 9353: 9351: 9336: 9327: 9326: 9324: 9322: 9316: 9309: 9301: 9295: 9294: 9292: 9290: 9275: 9266: 9264: 9262: 9260: 9254: 9247: 9239: 9233: 9216: 9212: 9206: 9200: 9199: 9192: 9186: 9185: 9183: 9181: 9172:. Archived from 9166: 9160: 9159: 9145: 9139: 9138: 9136: 9134: 9129: 9121: 9115: 9114: 9112: 9110: 9095: 9089: 9088: 9086: 9084: 9064: 9055: 9050: 9044: 9038: 9032: 9019: 9013: 9003:City of Pasadena 9000: 8994: 8981: 8975: 8969: 8963: 8962: 8960: 8958: 8943: 8934: 8933: 8931: 8923: 8914: 8913: 8903: 8893: 8884:(3): 1174–1203. 8869: 8863: 8862: 8822: 8816: 8815: 8813: 8811: 8806: 8798: 8792: 8791: 8781: 8771: 8762:(3): 1174–1203. 8747: 8734: 8733: 8731: 8729: 8724: 8716: 8707: 8706: 8704: 8702: 8696: 8690:. Archived from 8689: 8681: 8675: 8674: 8672: 8670: 8660: 8649: 8637: 8631: 8630: 8628: 8626: 8616: 8610: 8598: 8592: 8591: 8589: 8587: 8576: 8570: 8558: 8552: 8540: 8534: 8533: 8531: 8529: 8520:. Archived from 8514: 8508: 8507: 8505: 8503: 8494:. Archived from 8488: 8482: 8481: 8455: 8449: 8432: 8426: 8425: 8423: 8421: 8416: 8408: 8402: 8401: 8399: 8397: 8391: 8385:. Archived from 8376: 8367: 8361: 8360: 8358: 8356: 8346: 8337: 8336: 8334: 8332: 8322: 8316: 8315: 8313: 8311: 8301: 8295: 8283: 8277: 8260: 8254: 8253: 8251: 8249: 8240:. Archived from 8233: 8227: 8226: 8224: 8222: 8213:. Archived from 8206: 8200: 8199: 8193: 8185: 8183: 8181: 8175: 8169:. Archived from 8162: 8153: 8147: 8141: 8140: 8138: 8130: 8124: 8123: 8121: 8119: 8104: 8098: 8097: 8095: 8093: 8082: 8076: 8075: 8073: 8071: 8065: 8057: 8051: 8041: 8035: 8029: 8023: 8009: 7998: 7997: 7995: 7993: 7978: 7972: 7970: 7968: 7966: 7961:on March 4, 2009 7960: 7953: 7945: 7939: 7938: 7920: 7911: 7910: 7908: 7906: 7887: 7881: 7880: 7878: 7876: 7861: 7855: 7849: 7843: 7842: 7832: 7822: 7798: 7792: 7791: 7789: 7787: 7782:on March 4, 2009 7781: 7775:. Archived from 7750: 7744:Ripa LW (1993). 7741: 7735: 7734: 7732: 7730: 7719: 7713: 7712: 7704: 7698: 7685: 7679: 7675: 7673: 7671: 7665: 7658: 7649: 7643: 7641: 7639: 7637: 7632:on July 20, 2008 7628:. Archived from 7621: 7615: 7614: 7612: 7610: 7605: 7596: 7590: 7589: 7587: 7579: 7570: 7569: 7567: 7565: 7559: 7552: 7544: 7538: 7537: 7509: 7503: 7502: 7500: 7498: 7487: 7476: 7475: 7447: 7438: 7437: 7427: 7387: 7381: 7380: 7346: 7322: 7316: 7315: 7287: 7278: 7277: 7267: 7250:(5): 1623–1628. 7235: 7226: 7225: 7218: 7212: 7211: 7183: 7177: 7176: 7148: 7142: 7141: 7113: 7107: 7106: 7078: 7069: 7068: 7024: 7018: 7017: 7011: 7003: 6997: 6996: 6960: 6954: 6953: 6951: 6949: 6938: 6932: 6931: 6924: 6913: 6912: 6872: 6863: 6862: 6844: 6820: 6811: 6810: 6798: 6792: 6791: 6789: 6787: 6777:"WHO UNICEF JMP" 6773: 6767: 6766: 6764: 6762: 6748: 6742: 6740: 6738: 6736: 6725: 6719: 6717: 6715: 6713: 6707: 6699: 6693: 6692: 6690: 6688: 6677: 6671: 6670: 6668: 6666: 6651: 6642: 6641: 6639: 6637: 6622: 6616: 6615: 6613: 6611: 6605: 6598: 6590: 6581: 6580: 6578: 6576: 6571:on June 15, 2008 6561: 6555: 6554: 6548: 6540: 6538: 6536: 6524:US EPA, REG 01. 6521: 6512: 6511: 6500: 6494: 6474: 6468: 6467: 6460: 6454: 6441: 6435: 6434: 6422: 6416: 6415: 6408: 6399: 6385: 6379: 6378: 6367: 6361: 6360: 6349: 6343: 6342: 6330: 6324: 6315: 6309: 6296: 6290: 6281: 6277: 6271: 6265: 6264: 6252: 6246: 6245: 6234: 6228: 6227: 6217: 6211: 6210: 6199: 6193: 6192: 6190: 6188: 6173: 6167: 6166: 6156: 6138: 6121:(9): 2078–2083. 6106: 6100: 6099: 6097: 6095: 6090:on July 23, 2008 6089: 6082: 6074: 6063: 6062: 6060: 6058: 6052: 6044: 6035: 6034: 6032: 6030: 6007: 5998: 5997: 5985: 5979: 5978: 5976: 5974: 5959: 5953: 5942: 5936: 5935: 5933: 5931: 5922: 5913: 5907: 5906: 5888: 5882: 5881: 5879: 5855: 5849: 5848: 5842: 5834: 5832: 5830: 5815: 5809: 5808: 5796: 5790: 5789: 5774: 5768: 5767: 5765: 5763: 5744: 5738: 5737: 5705: 5689: 5680: 5679: 5677: 5675: 5670:on April 6, 2009 5660: 5654: 5653: 5651: 5649: 5638: 5632: 5631: 5629: 5627: 5616: 5610: 5609: 5607: 5605: 5594: 5588: 5587: 5585: 5583: 5572: 5566: 5565: 5563: 5561: 5546: 5540: 5539: 5537: 5535: 5524: 5518: 5517: 5515: 5513: 5502: 5496: 5495: 5494:on June 2, 2006. 5490:. Archived from 5480: 5474: 5473: 5468:. Archived from 5458: 5452: 5451: 5444: 5438: 5437: 5430: 5424: 5423: 5416: 5410: 5409: 5402: 5396: 5395: 5388: 5382: 5381: 5374: 5368: 5358: 5352: 5351: 5344: 5338: 5332: 5328: 5319: 5315: 5306: 5302: 5296: 5290: 5273: 5269: 5263: 5257: 5240: 5236: 5230: 5224: 5223: 5221: 5219: 5200: 5194: 5193: 5191: 5189: 5184: 5175: 5166: 5165: 5163: 5161: 5146: 5140: 5139: 5137: 5135: 5120: 5114: 5113: 5111: 5109: 5103: 5096: 5088: 5082: 5081: 5070: 5064: 5047: 5041: 5024: 5018: 5017: 5015: 5013: 5008:on March 5, 2009 4998: 4992: 4991: 4989: 4987: 4976: 4967: 4964: 4958: 4957: 4955: 4953: 4947: 4939: 4937: 4935: 4924: 4922: 4920: 4909: 4896: 4894: 4892: 4890: 4879: 4873: 4872: 4861: 4855: 4854: 4844: 4820: 4811: 4810: 4808: 4806: 4800: 4792: 4781: 4780: 4768: 4762: 4760: 4758: 4756: 4740: 4734: 4728: 4722: 4719: 4713: 4707: 4705: 4703: 4692: 4686: 4685: 4680:. Archived from 4670: 4664: 4662: 4660: 4658: 4652: 4644: 4633: 4632: 4630: 4628: 4619:. Archived from 4609: 4603: 4602: 4600: 4598: 4583: 4577: 4576: 4574: 4572: 4555: 4549: 4548: 4546: 4544: 4539:on March 5, 2016 4538: 4527: 4519: 4513: 4512: 4510: 4508: 4503:on March 6, 2016 4502: 4491: 4483: 4477: 4476: 4474: 4472: 4457: 4451: 4450: 4448: 4446: 4441:on July 11, 2012 4431: 4425: 4424: 4422: 4420: 4415:on June 22, 2012 4405: 4399: 4398: 4396: 4394: 4389:on June 23, 2012 4379: 4373: 4359: 4353: 4352: 4350: 4348: 4333: 4327: 4326: 4324: 4322: 4311: 4305: 4304: 4302: 4300: 4289: 4283: 4282: 4280: 4278: 4263: 4257: 4256: 4254: 4252: 4237: 4231: 4230: 4228: 4226: 4211: 4205: 4204: 4202: 4200: 4195:on March 5, 2015 4185: 4179: 4178: 4176: 4174: 4163: 4157: 4156: 4154: 4152: 4137: 4131: 4130: 4128: 4126: 4115: 4109: 4108: 4106: 4104: 4089: 4083: 4082: 4080: 4078: 4067: 4061: 4060: 4058: 4056: 4044: 4038: 4028: 4022: 4021: 4019: 4017: 4011:Water Technology 4003: 3997: 3996: 3984: 3978: 3977: 3975: 3973: 3966:Water Technology 3958: 3952: 3951: 3949: 3947: 3942:on June 18, 2006 3932: 3926: 3925: 3907: 3901: 3887: 3881: 3880: 3869: 3863: 3845: 3839: 3838: 3827: 3821: 3820: 3818: 3816: 3807:. Archived from 3797: 3791: 3790: 3783: 3774: 3757: 3753: 3744: 3735: 3731:Federal Register 3723: 3717: 3704: 3698: 3691: 3685: 3671: 3665: 3664: 3657: 3648: 3634: 3628: 3618: 3612: 3605: 3599: 3598: 3596: 3588: 3582: 3581: 3575: 3570: 3568: 3560: 3550: 3534: 3528: 3527: 3507: 3501: 3500: 3484: 3474: 3468: 3467: 3460: 3451: 3450: 3448: 3440: 3434: 3433: 3426: 3420: 3413: 3407: 3406: 3404: 3402: 3387: 3381: 3380: 3354: 3345: 3318: 3317: 3305: 3299: 3298: 3296: 3294: 3279: 3273: 3272: 3265: 3259: 3258: 3251: 3242: 3241: 3193: 3180: 3179: 3177: 3175: 3164: 3155: 3154: 3147: 3136: 3135: 3133: 3125: 3110: 3108: 3107:on June 2, 2003. 3092: 3085: 3074: 3073: 3071: 3069: 3050: 3041: 3040: 3038: 3036: 3030: 3023: 3015: 3006: 3003: 2997: 2996: 2994: 2987: 2979: 2964: 2963: 2961: 2953: 2940: 2939: 2937: 2935: 2926:. Archived from 2917:Calculated from 2915: 2909: 2908: 2906: 2904: 2899:on March 4, 2009 2898: 2892:. Archived from 2891: 2879: 2873: 2871: 2869: 2867: 2861: 2853: 2838: 2837: 2835: 2833: 2823:"WHO UNICEF JMP" 2819: 2752:Bioterrorism Act 2724:fast detection, 2596:San Diego County 2512:Washington, D.C. 2397:San Diego County 2342:water reservoirs 2289:Golden Gate Park 2250:Golden Gate Park 2213:water efficiency 1948:Zanesville, Ohio 1858: 1684: 1429:(UIC) under the 1408:sewage treatment 1388:sewage treatment 1255:Multi-utilities. 963:Biscayne Aquifer 936:Washington, D.C. 932:Schuylkill River 869:Schuylkill River 802:Las Vegas Valley 786:Phoenix, Arizona 754:Dillon Reservoir 716:since 2013. The 683:Portland, Oregon 611:pumping stations 580:pumping stations 437:Golden Gate Park 425:sewage treatment 331:Washington, D.C. 117: 106: 78:39% (water only) 42:basic sanitation 21: 17: 14362: 14361: 14357: 14356: 14355: 14353: 14352: 14351: 14337: 14336: 14335: 14330: 14305:Central America 14291: 14166: 14158: 14149: 13966: 13959: 13956: 13926: 13921: 13405: 13400: 13370: 13365: 13294: 13213: 13117:North Macedonia 13005: 12974: 12781: 12600: 12593: 12589: 12558: 12555: 12525: 12520: 12507: 12500: 12493: 12476: 12462:Opioid epidemic 12379:Native American 12359:intersex rights 12310: 12306:Life expectancy 12296:Medical deserts 12286:Race and health 12183: 12169:Personal income 12115: 12019:National anthem 11852:personal income 11817:Economic issues 11751: 11703: 11551: 11451: 11440:School district 11426: 11409:Minor divisions 11403: 11342: 11300: 11239: 11225:Statutory codes 11206: 11169: 11146: 11056: 11051: 11038: 10973: 10930:civil liberties 10911: 10902:Other tribunals 10881:District courts 10833: 10792:current members 10775:current members 10756: 10690:Law enforcement 10588: 10301: 10250: 10241:Great Recession 10112:Progressive Era 10102:Native genocide 10033:Perpetual Union 10021:Treaty of Paris 9979:United Colonies 9937: 9862: 9856: 9791: 9786: 9776: 9774:Further reading 9771: 9761: 9759: 9754: 9753: 9749: 9732: 9731: 9724: 9714: 9712: 9707: 9706: 9702: 9690: 9688: 9679: 9678: 9671: 9669: 9665: 9661: 9660: 9656: 9646: 9644: 9640: 9634: 9630: 9613: 9612: 9608: 9594: 9592: 9581: 9580: 9576: 9562: 9555: 9544: 9537: 9535: 9531: 9522: 9521: 9517: 9503: 9496: 9492: 9482: 9480: 9470: 9466: 9455: 9453: 9449: 9442: 9438: 9437: 9433: 9423: 9421: 9412: 9411: 9407: 9397: 9395: 9390: 9389: 9385: 9375: 9373: 9364: 9363: 9359: 9349: 9347: 9346:on May 11, 2009 9338: 9337: 9330: 9320: 9318: 9314: 9307: 9303: 9302: 9298: 9288: 9286: 9277: 9276: 9269: 9258: 9256: 9252: 9245: 9241: 9240: 9236: 9214: 9207: 9203: 9194: 9193: 9189: 9179: 9177: 9168: 9167: 9163: 9146: 9142: 9132: 9130: 9127: 9123: 9122: 9118: 9108: 9106: 9105:. July 28, 2015 9097: 9096: 9092: 9082: 9080: 9065: 9058: 9051: 9047: 9042:Aquarec project 9039: 9035: 9029:Wayback Machine 9020: 9016: 9010:Wayback Machine 9001: 8997: 8991:Wayback Machine 8982: 8978: 8970: 8966: 8956: 8954: 8953:. July 10, 2014 8945: 8944: 8937: 8929: 8925: 8924: 8917: 8870: 8866: 8823: 8819: 8809: 8807: 8804: 8800: 8799: 8795: 8748: 8737: 8727: 8725: 8722: 8718: 8717: 8710: 8700: 8698: 8694: 8687: 8683: 8682: 8678: 8668: 8666: 8662: 8661: 8652: 8647:Wayback Machine 8638: 8634: 8624: 8622: 8618: 8617: 8613: 8608:Wayback Machine 8601:Reclaimed Water 8599: 8595: 8585: 8583: 8578: 8577: 8573: 8568:Wayback Machine 8559: 8555: 8550:Wayback Machine 8541: 8537: 8527: 8525: 8516: 8515: 8511: 8501: 8499: 8490: 8489: 8485: 8478: 8456: 8452: 8442:Wayback Machine 8433: 8429: 8419: 8417: 8414: 8410: 8409: 8405: 8395: 8393: 8389: 8374: 8368: 8364: 8354: 8352: 8348: 8347: 8340: 8330: 8328: 8324: 8323: 8319: 8309: 8307: 8303: 8302: 8298: 8293:Wayback Machine 8284: 8280: 8270:Wayback Machine 8261: 8257: 8247: 8245: 8244:on May 28, 2009 8234: 8230: 8220: 8218: 8217:on June 4, 2008 8207: 8203: 8187: 8186: 8179: 8177: 8173: 8163: 8156: 8148: 8144: 8136: 8132: 8131: 8127: 8117: 8115: 8105: 8101: 8091: 8089: 8084: 8083: 8079: 8069: 8067: 8063: 8059: 8058: 8054: 8042: 8038: 8030: 8026: 8010: 8001: 7991: 7989: 7980: 7979: 7975: 7964: 7962: 7958: 7951: 7947: 7946: 7942: 7935: 7921: 7914: 7904: 7902: 7889: 7888: 7884: 7874: 7872: 7863: 7862: 7858: 7850: 7846: 7799: 7795: 7785: 7783: 7779: 7748: 7742: 7738: 7728: 7726: 7721: 7720: 7716: 7707: 7705: 7701: 7696:Wayback Machine 7686: 7682: 7669: 7667: 7663: 7656: 7652: 7650: 7646: 7635: 7633: 7622: 7618: 7608: 7606: 7603: 7597: 7593: 7585: 7581: 7580: 7573: 7563: 7561: 7557: 7550: 7546: 7545: 7541: 7511: 7510: 7506: 7496: 7494: 7489: 7488: 7479: 7448: 7441: 7388: 7384: 7323: 7319: 7288: 7281: 7236: 7229: 7220: 7219: 7215: 7188:Social Research 7184: 7180: 7149: 7145: 7114: 7110: 7079: 7072: 7025: 7021: 7009: 7005: 7004: 7000: 6971:(4): 295–30 4. 6961: 6957: 6947: 6945: 6940: 6939: 6935: 6926: 6925: 6916: 6873: 6866: 6821: 6814: 6807:Washington Post 6799: 6795: 6785: 6783: 6775: 6774: 6770: 6760: 6758: 6750: 6749: 6745: 6734: 6732: 6727: 6726: 6722: 6711: 6709: 6705: 6701: 6700: 6696: 6686: 6684: 6679: 6678: 6674: 6664: 6662: 6652: 6645: 6635: 6633: 6624: 6623: 6619: 6609: 6607: 6606:on May 23, 2008 6603: 6596: 6592: 6591: 6584: 6574: 6572: 6563: 6562: 6558: 6542: 6541: 6534: 6532: 6522: 6515: 6502: 6501: 6497: 6475: 6471: 6462: 6461: 6457: 6442: 6438: 6423: 6419: 6410: 6409: 6402: 6386: 6382: 6369: 6368: 6364: 6351: 6350: 6346: 6331: 6327: 6316: 6312: 6297: 6293: 6279: 6272: 6268: 6253: 6249: 6236: 6235: 6231: 6220: 6218: 6214: 6207:Science Matters 6201: 6200: 6196: 6186: 6184: 6183:on May 13, 2009 6175: 6174: 6170: 6107: 6103: 6093: 6091: 6087: 6080: 6076: 6075: 6066: 6056: 6054: 6050: 6046: 6045: 6038: 6028: 6026: 6008: 6001: 5994:Bridge Michigan 5986: 5982: 5972: 5970: 5961: 5960: 5956: 5943: 5939: 5929: 5927: 5920: 5914: 5910: 5903: 5889: 5885: 5870:(9): A2014001. 5856: 5852: 5836: 5835: 5828: 5826: 5816: 5812: 5807:. The Republic. 5797: 5793: 5776: 5775: 5771: 5761: 5759: 5758:on July 8, 2008 5746: 5745: 5741: 5690: 5683: 5673: 5671: 5662: 5661: 5657: 5647: 5645: 5640: 5639: 5635: 5625: 5623: 5618: 5617: 5613: 5603: 5601: 5596: 5595: 5591: 5581: 5579: 5574: 5573: 5569: 5559: 5557: 5548: 5547: 5543: 5533: 5531: 5526: 5525: 5521: 5511: 5509: 5504: 5503: 5499: 5481: 5477: 5459: 5455: 5446: 5445: 5441: 5432: 5431: 5427: 5418: 5417: 5413: 5404: 5403: 5399: 5390: 5389: 5385: 5376: 5375: 5371: 5365:40 CFR Part 133 5359: 5355: 5346: 5345: 5341: 5330: 5317: 5304: 5297: 5293: 5271: 5264: 5260: 5238: 5231: 5227: 5217: 5215: 5202: 5201: 5197: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5176: 5169: 5159: 5157: 5148: 5147: 5143: 5133: 5131: 5122: 5121: 5117: 5107: 5105: 5101: 5094: 5090: 5089: 5085: 5074:"Sewer Utility" 5072: 5071: 5067: 5061:Wayback Machine 5048: 5044: 5038:Wayback Machine 5025: 5021: 5011: 5009: 5000: 4999: 4995: 4985: 4983: 4978: 4977: 4970: 4965: 4961: 4951: 4949: 4945: 4941: 4933: 4931: 4926: 4918: 4916: 4911: 4910: 4899: 4888: 4886: 4881: 4880: 4876: 4863: 4862: 4858: 4821: 4814: 4804: 4802: 4798: 4794: 4793: 4784: 4769: 4765: 4754: 4752: 4741: 4737: 4729: 4725: 4717: 4711: 4701: 4699: 4694: 4693: 4689: 4671: 4667: 4656: 4654: 4650: 4646: 4645: 4636: 4626: 4624: 4611: 4610: 4606: 4596: 4594: 4585: 4584: 4580: 4570: 4568: 4556: 4552: 4542: 4540: 4536: 4525: 4521: 4520: 4516: 4506: 4504: 4500: 4489: 4485: 4484: 4480: 4470: 4468: 4467:on June 4, 2008 4459: 4458: 4454: 4444: 4442: 4433: 4432: 4428: 4418: 4416: 4407: 4406: 4402: 4392: 4390: 4381: 4380: 4376: 4360: 4356: 4346: 4344: 4335: 4334: 4330: 4320: 4318: 4313: 4312: 4308: 4298: 4296: 4291: 4290: 4286: 4276: 4274: 4265: 4264: 4260: 4250: 4248: 4239: 4238: 4234: 4224: 4222: 4221:on May 28, 2009 4213: 4212: 4208: 4198: 4196: 4187: 4186: 4182: 4172: 4170: 4165: 4164: 4160: 4150: 4148: 4147:. April 5, 2007 4139: 4138: 4134: 4124: 4122: 4117: 4116: 4112: 4102: 4100: 4099:on May 30, 2008 4091: 4090: 4086: 4076: 4074: 4069: 4068: 4064: 4054: 4052: 4045: 4041: 4029: 4025: 4015: 4013: 4005: 4004: 4000: 3985: 3981: 3971: 3969: 3960: 3959: 3955: 3945: 3943: 3934: 3933: 3929: 3922: 3908: 3904: 3898:Wayback Machine 3888: 3884: 3871: 3870: 3866: 3860:40 CFR Part 133 3846: 3842: 3829: 3828: 3824: 3814: 3812: 3798: 3794: 3785: 3784: 3777: 3755: 3746:United States. 3745: 3738: 3724: 3720: 3705: 3701: 3692: 3688: 3682:Wayback Machine 3672: 3668: 3659: 3658: 3651: 3646:Wayback Machine 3635: 3631: 3619: 3615: 3606: 3602: 3594: 3590: 3589: 3585: 3573: 3571: 3562: 3561: 3535: 3531: 3524: 3508: 3504: 3497: 3475: 3471: 3462: 3461: 3454: 3446: 3442: 3441: 3437: 3428: 3427: 3423: 3414: 3410: 3400: 3398: 3389: 3388: 3384: 3352: 3346: 3321: 3306: 3302: 3292: 3290: 3281: 3280: 3276: 3267: 3266: 3262: 3253: 3252: 3245: 3194: 3183: 3173: 3171: 3166: 3165: 3158: 3149: 3148: 3139: 3131: 3127: 3126: 3113: 3087: 3086: 3077: 3067: 3065: 3052: 3051: 3044: 3034: 3032: 3028: 3021: 3017: 3016: 3009: 3004: 3000: 2992: 2985: 2981: 2980: 2967: 2959: 2955: 2954: 2943: 2933: 2931: 2916: 2912: 2902: 2900: 2896: 2889: 2880: 2876: 2865: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2854: 2841: 2831: 2829: 2821: 2820: 2813: 2809: 2787: 2706: 2690:water utilities 2641: 2610:Clean Water Act 2605: 2576:– By 2019, the 2552:reverse osmosis 2548:microfiltration 2536: 2488:Payson, Arizona 2440: 2436: 2431: 2427: 2411: 2384:Tucson, Arizona 2354: 2346:Lake Livingston 2237:reclaimed water 2233: 2186: 2157: 2152: 2129: 2123: 2114: 2092:and $ 1,476 in 2067: 2046:federal funding 2042: 2024:Flint, Michigan 1965: 1933: 1898: 1870:quality of life 1856: 1841: 1829:injection wells 1810: 1712:Cryptosporidium 1706: 1700: 1682: 1667: 1665:Sewer overflows 1654:contamination. 1636: 1630: 1603: 1554: 1542: 1530:consumer rights 1517:In addition to 1446: 1380:Clean Water Act 1372: 1360:hazardous waste 1334: 1169: 1151: 1146: 1115:Clothes washers 1068: 1027: 1009:, and from the 1007:Lake Livingston 995: 987:Edwards Aquifer 971:reclaimed water 952: 774: 733:reclaimed water 668: 630: 607:combined sewers 603:sanitary sewers 564: 548: 492:Clean Water Act 452: 433:reclaimed water 410:sanitary sewers 406:combined sewers 390: 319:Lake Cochituate 290:Croton Aqueduct 283: 233: 227: 219:water companies 203:Clean Water Act 12: 11: 5: 14360: 14350: 14349: 14332: 14331: 14329: 14328: 14321: 14319: 14314: 14312: 14307: 14302: 14296: 14293: 14292: 14290: 14289: 14284: 14279: 14274: 14269: 14267:Sint Eustatius 14264: 14259: 14254: 14249: 14244: 14239: 14234: 14229: 14224: 14219: 14214: 14209: 14204: 14202:Cayman Islands 14199: 14194: 14189: 14184: 14179: 14173: 14171: 14160: 14159: 14152: 14150: 14148: 14147: 14142: 14137: 14132: 14127: 14122: 14117: 14112: 14107: 14102: 14097: 14092: 14087: 14082: 14077: 14072: 14067: 14062: 14057: 14052: 14047: 14042: 14037: 14032: 14027: 14022: 14017: 14012: 14007: 14002: 13997: 13992: 13987: 13982: 13977: 13971: 13969: 13961: 13960: 13955: 13954: 13947: 13940: 13932: 13923: 13922: 13920: 13915: 13910: 13905: 13900: 13895: 13890: 13885: 13883:United Kingdom 13880: 13875: 13870: 13865: 13860: 13855: 13850: 13845: 13840: 13835: 13830: 13825: 13820: 13815: 13810: 13805: 13800: 13795: 13790: 13785: 13780: 13775: 13770: 13765: 13760: 13755: 13750: 13745: 13740: 13735: 13730: 13725: 13720: 13715: 13710: 13705: 13700: 13695: 13690: 13685: 13680: 13675: 13670: 13665: 13660: 13655: 13650: 13645: 13640: 13635: 13630: 13625: 13620: 13615: 13610: 13605: 13600: 13595: 13590: 13585: 13580: 13575: 13570: 13565: 13560: 13555: 13550: 13545: 13540: 13535: 13530: 13525: 13520: 13515: 13510: 13505: 13500: 13495: 13490: 13485: 13480: 13475: 13470: 13465: 13460: 13455: 13450: 13445: 13440: 13435: 13430: 13425: 13420: 13415: 13410: 13407: 13406: 13399: 13398: 13391: 13384: 13376: 13367: 13366: 13364: 13363: 13358: 13353: 13348: 13343: 13338: 13333: 13328: 13323: 13318: 13313: 13308: 13302: 13300: 13296: 13295: 13293: 13292: 13287: 13282: 13277: 13272: 13267: 13262: 13257: 13252: 13247: 13242: 13237: 13232: 13227: 13221: 13219: 13215: 13214: 13212: 13211: 13210: 13209: 13204: 13199: 13192:United Kingdom 13189: 13184: 13179: 13174: 13169: 13164: 13159: 13154: 13149: 13144: 13139: 13134: 13129: 13124: 13119: 13114: 13109: 13104: 13099: 13094: 13089: 13084: 13079: 13074: 13069: 13064: 13059: 13054: 13052:Czech Republic 13049: 13044: 13039: 13034: 13029: 13024: 13019: 13013: 13011: 13007: 13006: 13004: 13003: 12998: 12993: 12988: 12982: 12980: 12976: 12975: 12973: 12972: 12967: 12962: 12957: 12952: 12947: 12942: 12937: 12932: 12927: 12922: 12917: 12912: 12907: 12902: 12897: 12892: 12887: 12882: 12877: 12872: 12867: 12862: 12857: 12852: 12847: 12842: 12837: 12832: 12827: 12826: 12825: 12820: 12810: 12805: 12800: 12795: 12789: 12787: 12783: 12782: 12780: 12779: 12774: 12769: 12764: 12759: 12754: 12749: 12744: 12739: 12734: 12729: 12724: 12719: 12714: 12709: 12704: 12699: 12694: 12689: 12684: 12679: 12674: 12669: 12664: 12659: 12654: 12649: 12644: 12639: 12634: 12629: 12624: 12619: 12614: 12608: 12606: 12602: 12601: 12592: 12590: 12588: 12587: 12582: 12577: 12572: 12570:European Union 12566: 12564: 12560: 12559: 12554: 12553: 12546: 12539: 12531: 12522: 12521: 12519: 12518: 12513: 12506: 12505: 12498: 12490: 12489: 12486: 12485: 12482: 12481: 12478: 12477: 12475: 12474: 12469: 12464: 12459: 12458: 12457: 12447: 12446: 12445: 12435: 12430: 12425: 12420: 12418:Mass shootings 12415: 12410: 12409: 12408: 12406:Climate change 12403: 12393: 12388: 12387: 12386: 12381: 12376: 12371: 12366: 12361: 12356: 12351: 12344:Discrimination 12341: 12336: 12335: 12334: 12324: 12318: 12316: 12312: 12311: 12309: 12308: 12303: 12298: 12293: 12288: 12283: 12278: 12273: 12268: 12263: 12258: 12257: 12256: 12251: 12246: 12236: 12235: 12234: 12229: 12224: 12219: 12214: 12209: 12199: 12193: 12191: 12185: 12184: 12182: 12181: 12176: 12171: 12166: 12161: 12156: 12151: 12146: 12141: 12136: 12134:American Dream 12131: 12125: 12123: 12117: 12116: 12114: 12113: 12108: 12103: 12101:Transportation 12098: 12093: 12088: 12083: 12078: 12073: 12068: 12063: 12058: 12053: 12048: 12047: 12046: 12041: 12036: 12034:Mount Rushmore 12031: 12021: 12016: 12011: 12006: 12005: 12004: 11999: 11994: 11989: 11984: 11974: 11969: 11968: 11967: 11962: 11957: 11947: 11942: 11937: 11932: 11931: 11930: 11920: 11915: 11914: 11913: 11903: 11898: 11893: 11892: 11891: 11886: 11876: 11875: 11874: 11869: 11864: 11859: 11854: 11849: 11844: 11839: 11834: 11829: 11824: 11814: 11809: 11804: 11799: 11794: 11789: 11784: 11778: 11776: 11763: 11757: 11756: 11753: 11752: 11750: 11749: 11744: 11739: 11734: 11729: 11724: 11719: 11713: 11711: 11705: 11704: 11702: 11701: 11696: 11691: 11686: 11681: 11676: 11671: 11666: 11661: 11656: 11654:Federal budget 11651: 11646: 11641: 11640: 11639: 11634: 11629: 11624: 11619: 11614: 11609: 11604: 11599: 11594: 11592:Communications 11589: 11584: 11573: 11567: 11561: 11560: 11557: 11556: 11553: 11552: 11550: 11549: 11544: 11543: 11542: 11537: 11532: 11522: 11521: 11520: 11515: 11513:exceptionalism 11510: 11500: 11495: 11494: 11493: 11491:foreign policy 11483: 11482: 11481: 11476: 11466: 11460: 11457: 11456: 11453: 11452: 11450: 11449: 11448: 11447: 11436: 11434: 11428: 11427: 11425: 11424: 11419: 11413: 11411: 11405: 11404: 11402: 11401: 11396: 11391: 11386: 11381: 11376: 11371: 11366: 11361: 11356: 11350: 11348: 11344: 11343: 11341: 11340: 11335: 11330: 11325: 11319: 11317: 11308: 11302: 11301: 11299: 11298: 11293: 11292: 11291: 11281: 11280: 11279: 11274: 11269: 11259: 11253: 11251: 11245: 11244: 11241: 11240: 11238: 11237: 11232: 11227: 11222: 11216: 11214: 11208: 11207: 11205: 11204: 11203: 11202: 11192: 11191: 11190: 11188:Chief justices 11183:Supreme courts 11179: 11177: 11171: 11170: 11168: 11167: 11162: 11156: 11154: 11148: 11147: 11145: 11144: 11143: 11142: 11132: 11127: 11122: 11117: 11112: 11107: 11102: 11097: 11096: 11095: 11085: 11084: 11083: 11072: 11070: 11061: 11044: 11043: 11040: 11039: 11037: 11036: 11031: 11026: 11025: 11024: 11022:National Guard 11019: 11014: 11009: 11004: 10999: 10994: 10983: 10981: 10975: 10974: 10972: 10971: 10966: 10965: 10964: 10959: 10954: 10949: 10939: 10934: 10933: 10932: 10925:Bill of Rights 10921: 10919: 10913: 10912: 10910: 10909: 10904: 10899: 10898: 10897: 10895:list of judges 10892: 10890:list of courts 10878: 10877: 10876: 10874:list of judges 10866: 10865: 10864: 10859: 10854: 10843: 10841: 10835: 10834: 10832: 10831: 10826: 10821: 10816: 10811: 10809:Capitol Police 10806: 10805: 10804: 10799: 10794: 10784: 10783: 10782: 10777: 10766: 10764: 10758: 10757: 10755: 10754: 10749: 10744: 10739: 10738: 10737: 10732: 10730:Secret Service 10727: 10722: 10717: 10712: 10707: 10702: 10697: 10687: 10686: 10685: 10680: 10675: 10670: 10660: 10655: 10650: 10645: 10643:Vice President 10640: 10639: 10638: 10633: 10622: 10620: 10613: 10600: 10594: 10593: 10590: 10589: 10587: 10586: 10581: 10576: 10571: 10570: 10569: 10564: 10559: 10554: 10549: 10544: 10539: 10534: 10523: 10522: 10521: 10516: 10511: 10506: 10501: 10496: 10491: 10486: 10481: 10476: 10471: 10466: 10461: 10456: 10451: 10446: 10441: 10431: 10430: 10429: 10427:National Parks 10419: 10418: 10417: 10412: 10407: 10402: 10397: 10387: 10382: 10380:Extreme points 10377: 10372: 10371: 10370: 10365: 10360: 10355: 10350: 10345: 10340: 10335: 10330: 10319: 10313: 10307: 10306: 10303: 10302: 10300: 10299: 10294: 10289: 10284: 10279: 10274: 10269: 10264: 10258: 10256: 10252: 10251: 10249: 10248: 10243: 10238: 10237: 10236: 10231: 10221: 10216: 10211: 10206: 10201: 10196: 10191: 10186: 10181: 10176: 10175: 10174: 10164: 10159: 10154: 10149: 10144: 10139: 10138: 10137: 10132: 10127: 10119: 10114: 10109: 10104: 10099: 10094: 10089: 10084: 10079: 10074: 10069: 10067:Federalist Era 10064: 10063: 10062: 10060:Bill of Rights 10057: 10047: 10042: 10041: 10040: 10035: 10025: 10024: 10023: 10018: 10008: 10003: 10001:Lee Resolution 9998: 9993: 9992: 9991: 9986: 9981: 9976: 9971: 9966: 9961: 9951: 9945: 9943: 9939: 9938: 9936: 9935: 9930: 9925: 9920: 9915: 9910: 9905: 9900: 9895: 9890: 9885: 9879: 9877: 9870: 9864: 9863: 9861: articles 9855: 9854: 9847: 9840: 9832: 9826: 9825: 9820: 9815: 9809: 9803: 9798: 9790: 9789:External links 9787: 9785: 9784: 9777: 9775: 9772: 9770: 9769: 9747: 9722: 9700: 9691:|journal= 9654: 9628: 9606: 9588:whitehouse.gov 9574: 9567:114–322 (text) 9536:United States. 9529: 9515: 9508:113–121 (text) 9490: 9464: 9431: 9405: 9383: 9357: 9328: 9296: 9267: 9234: 9230:§ 1342(q) 9226:33 U.S.C. 9219:106–554 (text) 9201: 9187: 9161: 9140: 9116: 9090: 9056: 9045: 9033: 9014: 8995: 8976: 8964: 8935: 8915: 8864: 8831:Water Research 8817: 8793: 8735: 8708: 8676: 8650: 8632: 8611: 8593: 8571: 8553: 8535: 8509: 8498:on May 5, 2013 8483: 8476: 8468:10.17226/13303 8450: 8427: 8403: 8362: 8338: 8317: 8296: 8278: 8255: 8228: 8201: 8154: 8142: 8125: 8099: 8077: 8052: 8036: 8024: 7999: 7973: 7940: 7933: 7912: 7882: 7856: 7844: 7793: 7736: 7714: 7699: 7680: 7644: 7616: 7591: 7571: 7539: 7504: 7477: 7439: 7402:(1): 179–190. 7382: 7337:(1): 185–208. 7317: 7298:(2): 303–321. 7279: 7227: 7213: 7194:(3): 753–784. 7178: 7159:(1): 153–207. 7143: 7108: 7089:(1): 223–268. 7070: 7019: 6998: 6955: 6933: 6914: 6864: 6835:(2): 305–325. 6812: 6793: 6768: 6743: 6720: 6694: 6672: 6643: 6617: 6582: 6556: 6513: 6495: 6469: 6455: 6436: 6417: 6400: 6380: 6362: 6344: 6325: 6310: 6291: 6284:111–380 (text) 6266: 6261:New York Times 6247: 6229: 6212: 6194: 6168: 6101: 6064: 6036: 5999: 5980: 5954: 5937: 5908: 5901: 5883: 5850: 5810: 5791: 5769: 5739: 5720:(4): 319–328. 5681: 5655: 5633: 5611: 5589: 5567: 5541: 5519: 5497: 5475: 5466:"AWWA's story" 5464:(March 2006). 5453: 5439: 5425: 5411: 5397: 5383: 5369: 5353: 5339: 5291: 5280:42 U.S.C. 5258: 5247:42 U.S.C. 5225: 5195: 5167: 5141: 5115: 5083: 5065: 5042: 5027:American Water 5019: 4993: 4968: 4959: 4897: 4874: 4856: 4812: 4782: 4763: 4735: 4723: 4687: 4665: 4634: 4604: 4578: 4550: 4514: 4478: 4452: 4426: 4400: 4374: 4354: 4328: 4306: 4284: 4258: 4232: 4206: 4180: 4158: 4132: 4110: 4084: 4062: 4047:Kehoe, Paula. 4039: 4023: 3998: 3979: 3953: 3927: 3920: 3902: 3882: 3864: 3849:33 U.S.C. 3840: 3822: 3792: 3775: 3760:104–182 (text) 3736: 3734:, 59 FR 18688. 3718: 3708:33 U.S.C. 3699: 3686: 3666: 3649: 3629: 3613: 3609:Pub.L. 92-500. 3600: 3583: 3574:|journal= 3548:10.3386/w26489 3529: 3522: 3502: 3495: 3469: 3452: 3435: 3421: 3408: 3382: 3319: 3300: 3274: 3260: 3243: 3208:(1): 345–373. 3181: 3156: 3137: 3111: 3075: 3042: 3007: 2998: 2965: 2941: 2930:on May 1, 2009 2910: 2874: 2839: 2810: 2808: 2805: 2804: 2803: 2798: 2793: 2786: 2783: 2779: 2778: 2771: 2705: 2702: 2640: 2637: 2604: 2601: 2600: 2599: 2585: 2535: 2532: 2531: 2530: 2524: 2515: 2497: 2490: 2485: 2480: 2475: 2438: 2434: 2429: 2425: 2410: 2407: 2406: 2405: 2400: 2386: 2381: 2375: 2370: 2365: 2360: 2353: 2350: 2232: 2229: 2185: 2182: 2156: 2153: 2151: 2148: 2125:Main article: 2122: 2119: 2113: 2110: 2084:The mean U.S. 2066: 2063: 2041: 2038: 1997:American South 1964: 1961: 1932: 1929: 1897: 1894: 1882:sewer overflow 1840: 1839:Investment gap 1837: 1809: 1806: 1702:Main article: 1699: 1696: 1678:combined sewer 1674:sanitary sewer 1666: 1663: 1632:Main article: 1629: 1626: 1622:thermoelectric 1606:Water security 1602: 1601:Water security 1599: 1594: 1593: 1589: 1582: 1562:Colorado River 1553: 1550: 1541: 1538: 1515: 1514: 1507: 1504: 1501: 1494: 1487: 1445: 1442: 1396:military bases 1371: 1368: 1333: 1330: 1241:American Water 1188: 1187: 1184: 1180: 1171:EPA defines a 1150: 1147: 1145: 1142: 1133: 1132: 1129: 1123: 1117: 1111: 1105: 1099: 1067: 1064: 1048:Douglas County 1026: 1023: 994: 991: 951: 948: 928:Delaware River 810:Colorado River 782:Colorado River 773: 770: 681:, Denver, and 667: 664: 629: 626: 563: 562:Infrastructure 560: 547: 544: 451: 448: 389: 386: 282: 279: 260:However, most 226: 223: 148:climate change 140:water scarcity 131: 130: 127: 123: 122: 119: 112: 111: 108: 101: 100: 97: 93: 92: 88: 87: 84: 80: 79: 76: 72: 71: 68: 64: 63: 60: 56: 55: 52: 48: 47: 44: 37: 36: 33: 26: 25: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14359: 14348: 14345: 14344: 14342: 14327: 14326: 14325:South America 14322: 14320: 14318: 14317:Latin America 14315: 14313: 14311: 14308: 14306: 14303: 14301: 14300:North America 14298: 14297: 14294: 14288: 14285: 14283: 14280: 14278: 14275: 14273: 14270: 14268: 14265: 14263: 14260: 14258: 14255: 14253: 14250: 14248: 14245: 14243: 14240: 14238: 14235: 14233: 14230: 14228: 14225: 14223: 14220: 14218: 14217:French Guiana 14215: 14213: 14210: 14208: 14205: 14203: 14200: 14198: 14195: 14193: 14190: 14188: 14185: 14183: 14180: 14178: 14175: 14174: 14172: 14170: 14165: 14161: 14156: 14146: 14143: 14141: 14138: 14136: 14135:United States 14133: 14131: 14128: 14126: 14123: 14121: 14118: 14116: 14113: 14111: 14108: 14106: 14103: 14101: 14098: 14096: 14093: 14091: 14088: 14086: 14083: 14081: 14078: 14076: 14073: 14071: 14068: 14066: 14063: 14061: 14058: 14056: 14053: 14051: 14048: 14046: 14043: 14041: 14038: 14036: 14033: 14031: 14028: 14026: 14023: 14021: 14018: 14016: 14013: 14011: 14008: 14006: 14003: 14001: 13998: 13996: 13993: 13991: 13988: 13986: 13983: 13981: 13978: 13976: 13973: 13972: 13970: 13968: 13962: 13953: 13948: 13946: 13941: 13939: 13934: 13933: 13930: 13919: 13916: 13914: 13911: 13909: 13906: 13904: 13901: 13899: 13896: 13894: 13891: 13889: 13888:United States 13886: 13884: 13881: 13879: 13876: 13874: 13871: 13869: 13866: 13864: 13861: 13859: 13856: 13854: 13851: 13849: 13846: 13844: 13841: 13839: 13836: 13834: 13831: 13829: 13826: 13824: 13821: 13819: 13816: 13814: 13811: 13809: 13806: 13804: 13801: 13799: 13796: 13794: 13791: 13789: 13786: 13784: 13781: 13779: 13776: 13774: 13771: 13769: 13766: 13764: 13761: 13759: 13756: 13754: 13751: 13749: 13746: 13744: 13741: 13739: 13736: 13734: 13731: 13729: 13726: 13724: 13721: 13719: 13716: 13714: 13711: 13709: 13706: 13704: 13701: 13699: 13696: 13694: 13691: 13689: 13686: 13684: 13681: 13679: 13676: 13674: 13671: 13669: 13666: 13664: 13661: 13659: 13656: 13654: 13651: 13649: 13646: 13644: 13641: 13639: 13636: 13634: 13631: 13629: 13626: 13624: 13621: 13619: 13616: 13614: 13611: 13609: 13606: 13604: 13601: 13599: 13596: 13594: 13591: 13589: 13586: 13584: 13581: 13579: 13576: 13574: 13571: 13569: 13566: 13564: 13561: 13559: 13556: 13554: 13551: 13549: 13546: 13544: 13541: 13539: 13536: 13534: 13531: 13529: 13526: 13524: 13521: 13519: 13516: 13514: 13511: 13509: 13506: 13504: 13501: 13499: 13496: 13494: 13491: 13489: 13486: 13484: 13481: 13479: 13476: 13474: 13471: 13469: 13466: 13464: 13461: 13459: 13456: 13454: 13451: 13449: 13446: 13444: 13441: 13439: 13436: 13434: 13431: 13429: 13426: 13424: 13421: 13419: 13416: 13414: 13411: 13408: 13404: 13397: 13392: 13390: 13385: 13383: 13378: 13377: 13374: 13362: 13359: 13357: 13354: 13352: 13349: 13347: 13344: 13342: 13339: 13337: 13334: 13332: 13329: 13327: 13324: 13322: 13319: 13317: 13314: 13312: 13309: 13307: 13304: 13303: 13301: 13299:South America 13297: 13291: 13290:United States 13288: 13286: 13283: 13281: 13278: 13276: 13273: 13271: 13268: 13266: 13263: 13261: 13258: 13256: 13253: 13251: 13248: 13246: 13243: 13241: 13238: 13236: 13233: 13231: 13228: 13226: 13223: 13222: 13220: 13218:North America 13216: 13208: 13205: 13203: 13200: 13198: 13195: 13194: 13193: 13190: 13188: 13185: 13183: 13180: 13178: 13175: 13173: 13170: 13168: 13165: 13163: 13160: 13158: 13155: 13153: 13150: 13148: 13145: 13143: 13140: 13138: 13135: 13133: 13130: 13128: 13125: 13123: 13120: 13118: 13115: 13113: 13110: 13108: 13105: 13103: 13100: 13098: 13095: 13093: 13090: 13088: 13085: 13083: 13080: 13078: 13075: 13073: 13070: 13068: 13065: 13063: 13060: 13058: 13055: 13053: 13050: 13048: 13045: 13043: 13040: 13038: 13035: 13033: 13030: 13028: 13025: 13023: 13020: 13018: 13015: 13014: 13012: 13008: 13002: 12999: 12997: 12994: 12992: 12989: 12987: 12984: 12983: 12981: 12977: 12971: 12968: 12966: 12963: 12961: 12958: 12956: 12953: 12951: 12948: 12946: 12943: 12941: 12938: 12936: 12933: 12931: 12928: 12926: 12923: 12921: 12918: 12916: 12913: 12911: 12908: 12906: 12903: 12901: 12898: 12896: 12893: 12891: 12888: 12886: 12883: 12881: 12878: 12876: 12873: 12871: 12868: 12866: 12863: 12861: 12858: 12856: 12853: 12851: 12848: 12846: 12843: 12841: 12838: 12836: 12833: 12831: 12828: 12824: 12821: 12819: 12816: 12815: 12814: 12811: 12809: 12806: 12804: 12801: 12799: 12796: 12794: 12791: 12790: 12788: 12784: 12778: 12775: 12773: 12770: 12768: 12765: 12763: 12760: 12758: 12755: 12753: 12750: 12748: 12745: 12743: 12740: 12738: 12735: 12733: 12730: 12728: 12725: 12723: 12720: 12718: 12715: 12713: 12710: 12708: 12705: 12703: 12700: 12698: 12695: 12693: 12690: 12688: 12685: 12683: 12680: 12678: 12675: 12673: 12670: 12668: 12665: 12663: 12660: 12658: 12655: 12653: 12650: 12648: 12645: 12643: 12640: 12638: 12635: 12633: 12630: 12628: 12625: 12623: 12620: 12618: 12615: 12613: 12610: 12609: 12607: 12603: 12597: 12586: 12583: 12581: 12578: 12576: 12575:Latin America 12573: 12571: 12568: 12567: 12565: 12561: 12552: 12547: 12545: 12540: 12538: 12533: 12532: 12529: 12517: 12514: 12512: 12509: 12508: 12503: 12499: 12496: 12492: 12491: 12487: 12473: 12470: 12468: 12465: 12463: 12460: 12456: 12453: 12452: 12451: 12448: 12444: 12441: 12440: 12439: 12436: 12434: 12431: 12429: 12426: 12424: 12421: 12419: 12416: 12414: 12411: 12407: 12404: 12402: 12399: 12398: 12397: 12394: 12392: 12391:Energy policy 12389: 12385: 12382: 12380: 12377: 12375: 12372: 12370: 12367: 12365: 12362: 12360: 12357: 12355: 12352: 12350: 12347: 12346: 12345: 12342: 12340: 12337: 12333: 12332:incarceration 12330: 12329: 12328: 12325: 12323: 12320: 12319: 12317: 12313: 12307: 12304: 12302: 12299: 12297: 12294: 12292: 12289: 12287: 12284: 12282: 12279: 12277: 12274: 12272: 12269: 12267: 12264: 12262: 12259: 12255: 12252: 12250: 12247: 12245: 12242: 12241: 12240: 12237: 12233: 12230: 12228: 12225: 12223: 12220: 12218: 12217:Prenatal care 12215: 12213: 12212:Birth control 12210: 12208: 12205: 12204: 12203: 12200: 12198: 12195: 12194: 12192: 12190: 12186: 12180: 12177: 12175: 12172: 12170: 12167: 12165: 12162: 12160: 12157: 12155: 12152: 12150: 12149:Homeownership 12147: 12145: 12142: 12140: 12137: 12135: 12132: 12130: 12127: 12126: 12124: 12122: 12118: 12112: 12109: 12107: 12104: 12102: 12099: 12097: 12094: 12092: 12089: 12087: 12084: 12082: 12079: 12077: 12074: 12072: 12069: 12067: 12064: 12062: 12059: 12057: 12054: 12052: 12049: 12045: 12042: 12040: 12037: 12035: 12032: 12030: 12027: 12026: 12025: 12022: 12020: 12017: 12015: 12012: 12010: 12007: 12003: 12000: 11998: 11995: 11993: 11990: 11988: 11985: 11983: 11980: 11979: 11978: 11975: 11973: 11970: 11966: 11963: 11961: 11958: 11956: 11953: 11952: 11951: 11948: 11946: 11943: 11941: 11938: 11936: 11933: 11929: 11926: 11925: 11924: 11921: 11919: 11916: 11912: 11909: 11908: 11907: 11904: 11902: 11899: 11897: 11894: 11890: 11887: 11885: 11882: 11881: 11880: 11877: 11873: 11872:working class 11870: 11868: 11865: 11863: 11860: 11858: 11855: 11853: 11850: 11848: 11845: 11843: 11840: 11838: 11835: 11833: 11832:homeownership 11830: 11828: 11825: 11823: 11820: 11819: 11818: 11815: 11813: 11810: 11808: 11805: 11803: 11800: 11798: 11795: 11793: 11790: 11788: 11785: 11783: 11780: 11779: 11777: 11775: 11771: 11767: 11764: 11762: 11758: 11748: 11745: 11743: 11740: 11738: 11735: 11733: 11730: 11728: 11725: 11723: 11720: 11718: 11715: 11714: 11712: 11710: 11706: 11700: 11697: 11695: 11692: 11690: 11687: 11685: 11682: 11680: 11677: 11675: 11672: 11670: 11667: 11665: 11662: 11660: 11657: 11655: 11652: 11650: 11647: 11645: 11642: 11638: 11635: 11633: 11630: 11628: 11625: 11623: 11620: 11618: 11615: 11613: 11612:Manufacturing 11610: 11608: 11605: 11603: 11600: 11598: 11595: 11593: 11590: 11588: 11585: 11583: 11580: 11579: 11578: 11575: 11574: 11571: 11568: 11566: 11562: 11548: 11545: 11541: 11540:Third parties 11538: 11536: 11533: 11531: 11528: 11527: 11526: 11523: 11519: 11516: 11514: 11511: 11509: 11506: 11505: 11504: 11501: 11499: 11496: 11492: 11489: 11488: 11487: 11484: 11480: 11477: 11475: 11472: 11471: 11470: 11467: 11465: 11462: 11461: 11458: 11446: 11443: 11442: 11441: 11438: 11437: 11435: 11433: 11429: 11423: 11420: 11418: 11415: 11414: 11412: 11410: 11406: 11400: 11397: 11395: 11392: 11390: 11387: 11385: 11382: 11380: 11377: 11375: 11372: 11370: 11367: 11365: 11362: 11360: 11357: 11355: 11352: 11351: 11349: 11345: 11339: 11336: 11334: 11331: 11329: 11326: 11324: 11321: 11320: 11318: 11316: 11312: 11309: 11307: 11303: 11297: 11294: 11290: 11287: 11286: 11285: 11282: 11278: 11275: 11273: 11270: 11268: 11265: 11264: 11263: 11260: 11258: 11255: 11254: 11252: 11250: 11246: 11236: 11233: 11231: 11228: 11226: 11223: 11221: 11218: 11217: 11215: 11213: 11209: 11201: 11198: 11197: 11196: 11193: 11189: 11186: 11185: 11184: 11181: 11180: 11178: 11176: 11172: 11166: 11163: 11161: 11158: 11157: 11155: 11153: 11149: 11141: 11138: 11137: 11136: 11133: 11131: 11128: 11126: 11123: 11121: 11118: 11116: 11113: 11111: 11108: 11106: 11103: 11101: 11098: 11094: 11091: 11090: 11089: 11086: 11082: 11079: 11078: 11077: 11074: 11073: 11071: 11069: 11065: 11062: 11060: 11054: 11049: 11045: 11035: 11032: 11030: 11027: 11023: 11020: 11018: 11015: 11013: 11010: 11008: 11005: 11003: 11000: 10998: 10995: 10993: 10990: 10989: 10988: 10985: 10984: 10982: 10980: 10976: 10970: 10967: 10963: 10960: 10958: 10955: 10953: 10950: 10948: 10945: 10944: 10943: 10940: 10938: 10935: 10931: 10928: 10927: 10926: 10923: 10922: 10920: 10918: 10914: 10908: 10907:U.S. attorney 10905: 10903: 10900: 10896: 10893: 10891: 10888: 10887: 10886: 10882: 10879: 10875: 10872: 10871: 10870: 10867: 10863: 10860: 10858: 10855: 10853: 10852:Chief Justice 10850: 10849: 10848: 10847:Supreme Court 10845: 10844: 10842: 10840: 10836: 10830: 10827: 10825: 10822: 10820: 10817: 10815: 10812: 10810: 10807: 10803: 10800: 10798: 10795: 10793: 10790: 10789: 10788: 10785: 10781: 10778: 10776: 10773: 10772: 10771: 10768: 10767: 10765: 10763: 10759: 10753: 10752:Public policy 10750: 10748: 10747:Civil service 10745: 10743: 10740: 10736: 10733: 10731: 10728: 10726: 10723: 10721: 10718: 10716: 10713: 10711: 10708: 10706: 10703: 10701: 10698: 10696: 10693: 10692: 10691: 10688: 10684: 10681: 10679: 10676: 10674: 10671: 10669: 10666: 10665: 10664: 10661: 10659: 10656: 10654: 10651: 10649: 10646: 10644: 10641: 10637: 10634: 10632: 10629: 10628: 10627: 10624: 10623: 10621: 10617: 10614: 10612: 10608: 10604: 10601: 10599: 10595: 10585: 10582: 10580: 10577: 10575: 10572: 10568: 10565: 10563: 10560: 10558: 10555: 10553: 10550: 10548: 10545: 10543: 10540: 10538: 10535: 10533: 10530: 10529: 10528: 10524: 10520: 10517: 10515: 10512: 10510: 10507: 10505: 10502: 10500: 10497: 10495: 10492: 10490: 10487: 10485: 10482: 10480: 10477: 10475: 10472: 10470: 10467: 10465: 10462: 10460: 10457: 10455: 10452: 10450: 10447: 10445: 10442: 10440: 10437: 10436: 10435: 10432: 10428: 10425: 10424: 10423: 10420: 10416: 10415:Sierra Nevada 10413: 10411: 10408: 10406: 10403: 10401: 10398: 10396: 10393: 10392: 10391: 10388: 10386: 10383: 10381: 10378: 10376: 10373: 10369: 10366: 10364: 10361: 10359: 10356: 10354: 10353:insular zones 10351: 10349: 10346: 10344: 10341: 10339: 10336: 10334: 10331: 10329: 10326: 10325: 10324: 10321: 10320: 10317: 10314: 10312: 10308: 10298: 10295: 10293: 10290: 10288: 10285: 10283: 10280: 10278: 10275: 10273: 10270: 10268: 10265: 10263: 10260: 10259: 10257: 10253: 10247: 10244: 10242: 10239: 10235: 10232: 10230: 10227: 10226: 10225: 10224:War on Terror 10222: 10220: 10217: 10215: 10212: 10210: 10207: 10205: 10204:LGBT Movement 10202: 10200: 10197: 10195: 10192: 10190: 10187: 10185: 10182: 10180: 10177: 10173: 10170: 10169: 10168: 10165: 10163: 10160: 10158: 10155: 10153: 10150: 10148: 10145: 10143: 10140: 10136: 10133: 10131: 10128: 10126: 10123: 10122: 10120: 10118: 10115: 10113: 10110: 10108: 10105: 10103: 10100: 10098: 10095: 10093: 10090: 10088: 10085: 10083: 10080: 10078: 10075: 10073: 10070: 10068: 10065: 10061: 10058: 10056: 10053: 10052: 10051: 10048: 10046: 10043: 10039: 10036: 10034: 10031: 10030: 10029: 10026: 10022: 10019: 10017: 10014: 10013: 10012: 10009: 10007: 10004: 10002: 9999: 9997: 9994: 9990: 9987: 9985: 9982: 9980: 9977: 9975: 9972: 9970: 9967: 9965: 9962: 9960: 9957: 9956: 9955: 9952: 9950: 9947: 9946: 9944: 9940: 9934: 9931: 9929: 9926: 9924: 9921: 9919: 9916: 9914: 9911: 9909: 9906: 9904: 9901: 9899: 9896: 9894: 9891: 9889: 9886: 9884: 9881: 9880: 9878: 9874: 9871: 9869: 9865: 9860: 9859:United States 9853: 9848: 9846: 9841: 9839: 9834: 9833: 9830: 9824: 9821: 9819: 9816: 9813: 9810: 9807: 9804: 9802: 9799: 9796: 9793: 9792: 9782: 9779: 9778: 9757: 9751: 9743: 9739: 9738:cfpub.epa.gov 9735: 9729: 9727: 9710: 9704: 9696: 9683: 9664: 9658: 9639: 9632: 9624: 9620: 9616: 9610: 9602: 9590: 9589: 9584: 9578: 9571: 9568: 9561: 9553: 9550: 9549:114–94 (text) 9543: 9533: 9525: 9519: 9512: 9509: 9502: 9494: 9483:September 22, 9479: 9475: 9468: 9448: 9441: 9435: 9419: 9415: 9409: 9393: 9387: 9371: 9367: 9361: 9345: 9341: 9335: 9333: 9313: 9306: 9300: 9284: 9280: 9274: 9272: 9251: 9244: 9238: 9231: 9227: 9223: 9220: 9213: 9205: 9197: 9191: 9175: 9171: 9165: 9157: 9156: 9151: 9144: 9126: 9120: 9104: 9100: 9094: 9078: 9074: 9073:Distillations 9070: 9063: 9061: 9054: 9049: 9043: 9037: 9030: 9026: 9023: 9018: 9011: 9007: 9004: 8999: 8992: 8988: 8985: 8980: 8973: 8968: 8952: 8948: 8942: 8940: 8928: 8922: 8920: 8911: 8907: 8902: 8897: 8892: 8887: 8883: 8879: 8875: 8868: 8860: 8856: 8852: 8848: 8844: 8840: 8836: 8832: 8828: 8821: 8803: 8797: 8789: 8785: 8780: 8775: 8770: 8765: 8761: 8757: 8753: 8746: 8744: 8742: 8740: 8721: 8715: 8713: 8693: 8686: 8680: 8665: 8659: 8657: 8655: 8648: 8644: 8641: 8636: 8621: 8615: 8609: 8605: 8602: 8597: 8581: 8575: 8569: 8565: 8562: 8557: 8551: 8547: 8544: 8539: 8523: 8519: 8513: 8497: 8493: 8487: 8479: 8473: 8469: 8465: 8461: 8454: 8447: 8443: 8439: 8436: 8431: 8413: 8407: 8388: 8384: 8380: 8373: 8366: 8351: 8345: 8343: 8327: 8321: 8306: 8300: 8294: 8290: 8287: 8282: 8275: 8271: 8267: 8264: 8259: 8243: 8239: 8232: 8216: 8212: 8205: 8197: 8191: 8172: 8168: 8161: 8159: 8151: 8146: 8135: 8129: 8114: 8110: 8103: 8087: 8081: 8062: 8056: 8049: 8045: 8040: 8033: 8028: 8022: 8021:1-59726-504-7 8018: 8014: 8008: 8006: 8004: 7987: 7986:www.usaid.gov 7983: 7977: 7957: 7950: 7944: 7936: 7930: 7926: 7919: 7917: 7900: 7896: 7892: 7886: 7870: 7866: 7860: 7854: 7848: 7840: 7836: 7831: 7826: 7821: 7816: 7812: 7808: 7804: 7797: 7778: 7774: 7770: 7766: 7762: 7758: 7754: 7747: 7740: 7724: 7718: 7710: 7709:2008 Yearbook 7703: 7697: 7693: 7690: 7684: 7678: 7662: 7655: 7651:According to 7648: 7631: 7627: 7620: 7602: 7595: 7584: 7578: 7576: 7556: 7549: 7543: 7535: 7531: 7527: 7523: 7519: 7515: 7508: 7492: 7486: 7484: 7482: 7473: 7469: 7465: 7461: 7457: 7453: 7446: 7444: 7435: 7431: 7426: 7421: 7417: 7413: 7409: 7405: 7401: 7397: 7393: 7386: 7378: 7374: 7370: 7366: 7362: 7358: 7354: 7350: 7345: 7340: 7336: 7332: 7328: 7321: 7313: 7309: 7305: 7301: 7297: 7293: 7286: 7284: 7275: 7271: 7266: 7261: 7257: 7253: 7249: 7245: 7241: 7234: 7232: 7223: 7217: 7209: 7205: 7201: 7197: 7193: 7189: 7182: 7174: 7170: 7166: 7162: 7158: 7154: 7147: 7139: 7135: 7131: 7127: 7123: 7119: 7112: 7104: 7100: 7096: 7092: 7088: 7084: 7077: 7075: 7066: 7062: 7058: 7054: 7050: 7046: 7042: 7038: 7034: 7030: 7023: 7015: 7008: 7002: 6994: 6990: 6986: 6982: 6978: 6974: 6970: 6966: 6959: 6943: 6937: 6929: 6923: 6921: 6919: 6910: 6906: 6902: 6898: 6894: 6890: 6886: 6882: 6878: 6871: 6869: 6860: 6856: 6852: 6848: 6843: 6838: 6834: 6830: 6826: 6819: 6817: 6808: 6804: 6797: 6782: 6778: 6772: 6757: 6756:washwatch.org 6753: 6747: 6730: 6724: 6704: 6698: 6682: 6676: 6665:September 19, 6661: 6657: 6650: 6648: 6631: 6627: 6621: 6602: 6595: 6589: 6587: 6570: 6566: 6560: 6552: 6546: 6531: 6527: 6520: 6518: 6509: 6505: 6499: 6493: 6490: 6486: 6483: 6479: 6473: 6465: 6459: 6453: 6450: 6446: 6440: 6432: 6428: 6421: 6413: 6407: 6405: 6397: 6394: 6390: 6384: 6376: 6372: 6366: 6358: 6354: 6348: 6340: 6336: 6329: 6323: 6320: 6314: 6308: 6305: 6301: 6295: 6288: 6285: 6278: 6270: 6262: 6258: 6251: 6243: 6239: 6233: 6226: 6223: 6216: 6208: 6204: 6198: 6182: 6178: 6172: 6164: 6160: 6155: 6150: 6146: 6142: 6137: 6132: 6128: 6124: 6120: 6116: 6112: 6105: 6086: 6079: 6073: 6071: 6069: 6049: 6043: 6041: 6025: 6021: 6017: 6013: 6006: 6004: 5995: 5991: 5984: 5968: 5964: 5958: 5951: 5947: 5941: 5926: 5919: 5912: 5904: 5898: 5894: 5887: 5878: 5873: 5869: 5865: 5861: 5854: 5846: 5840: 5825: 5824:pubs.usgs.gov 5821: 5814: 5806: 5805:azcentral.com 5802: 5795: 5787: 5783: 5779: 5773: 5757: 5753: 5749: 5743: 5735: 5731: 5727: 5723: 5719: 5715: 5711: 5706:● Shao cites 5703: 5699: 5695: 5688: 5686: 5669: 5665: 5659: 5643: 5637: 5621: 5615: 5599: 5593: 5577: 5571: 5555: 5551: 5545: 5529: 5528:"About NACWA" 5523: 5507: 5501: 5493: 5489: 5485: 5479: 5471: 5467: 5463: 5457: 5449: 5443: 5435: 5429: 5421: 5415: 5407: 5401: 5393: 5387: 5379: 5373: 5366: 5363: 5357: 5349: 5343: 5336: 5329: 5323: 5316: 5310: 5303: 5295: 5288: 5285: 5281: 5277: 5270: 5262: 5255: 5252: 5248: 5244: 5237: 5229: 5213: 5209: 5205: 5199: 5181: 5174: 5172: 5155: 5151: 5150:"About NARUC" 5145: 5129: 5125: 5119: 5100: 5093: 5087: 5079: 5075: 5069: 5062: 5058: 5055: 5051: 5046: 5039: 5035: 5032: 5028: 5023: 5007: 5003: 4997: 4981: 4975: 4973: 4963: 4944: 4929: 4914: 4908: 4906: 4904: 4902: 4884: 4878: 4870: 4866: 4860: 4852: 4848: 4843: 4838: 4835:(5): 457–61. 4834: 4830: 4826: 4819: 4817: 4797: 4791: 4789: 4787: 4778: 4774: 4767: 4750: 4746: 4739: 4732: 4727: 4715: 4697: 4691: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4669: 4649: 4643: 4641: 4639: 4622: 4618: 4614: 4608: 4592: 4588: 4582: 4567: 4566: 4561: 4554: 4535: 4531: 4524: 4518: 4499: 4495: 4488: 4482: 4466: 4462: 4456: 4440: 4436: 4430: 4414: 4410: 4404: 4388: 4384: 4378: 4371: 4370:archive.today 4367: 4364: 4358: 4342: 4338: 4332: 4316: 4310: 4294: 4288: 4272: 4268: 4262: 4246: 4242: 4236: 4220: 4216: 4210: 4194: 4190: 4184: 4168: 4162: 4146: 4142: 4136: 4120: 4114: 4098: 4094: 4088: 4072: 4066: 4050: 4043: 4036: 4032: 4027: 4012: 4008: 4002: 3994: 3990: 3983: 3967: 3963: 3957: 3946:September 19, 3941: 3937: 3931: 3923: 3917: 3913: 3906: 3899: 3895: 3892: 3886: 3878: 3874: 3868: 3861: 3858: 3854: 3850: 3844: 3836: 3832: 3826: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3796: 3788: 3782: 3780: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3761: 3754: 3749: 3743: 3741: 3733: 3732: 3728: 3722: 3716: 3713: 3709: 3703: 3696: 3690: 3683: 3679: 3676: 3670: 3662: 3656: 3654: 3647: 3643: 3639: 3633: 3626: 3622: 3617: 3610: 3604: 3593: 3587: 3579: 3566: 3558: 3554: 3549: 3544: 3540: 3533: 3525: 3519: 3515: 3514: 3506: 3498: 3492: 3488: 3483: 3482: 3473: 3465: 3459: 3457: 3445: 3439: 3431: 3425: 3418: 3417:Water History 3412: 3396: 3392: 3386: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3351: 3344: 3342: 3340: 3338: 3336: 3334: 3332: 3330: 3328: 3326: 3324: 3315: 3311: 3304: 3288: 3284: 3278: 3270: 3264: 3256: 3250: 3248: 3239: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3192: 3190: 3188: 3186: 3169: 3163: 3161: 3152: 3146: 3144: 3142: 3130: 3124: 3122: 3120: 3118: 3116: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3090: 3084: 3082: 3080: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3049: 3047: 3027: 3020: 3014: 3012: 3002: 2991: 2984: 2978: 2976: 2974: 2972: 2970: 2958: 2952: 2950: 2948: 2946: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2914: 2895: 2888: 2884: 2878: 2858: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2844: 2828: 2824: 2818: 2816: 2811: 2802: 2799: 2797: 2794: 2792: 2789: 2788: 2782: 2776: 2772: 2769: 2765: 2761: 2760: 2759: 2757: 2756:water utility 2753: 2748: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2733: 2731: 2727: 2721: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2701: 2697: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2684: 2680: 2675: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2660: 2654: 2650: 2645: 2636: 2632: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2617: 2615: 2611: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2586: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2568: 2567: 2566: 2563: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2544:clarification 2541: 2540:Wichita Falls 2528: 2525: 2523: 2519: 2516: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2498: 2495: 2491: 2489: 2486: 2484: 2481: 2479: 2476: 2473: 2470: 2469: 2468: 2465: 2463: 2458: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2442: 2423: 2418: 2415: 2414:Orange County 2404: 2401: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2387: 2385: 2382: 2379: 2376: 2374: 2371: 2369: 2366: 2364: 2361: 2359: 2358:Austin, Texas 2356: 2355: 2349: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2326:Trinity River 2322: 2320: 2319:Orange County 2316: 2312: 2308: 2303: 2300: 2299:Orange County 2296: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2285:San Francisco 2283:was built at 2282: 2278: 2273: 2271: 2265: 2262: 2257: 2255: 2251: 2245: 2243: 2242:Orange County 2238: 2228: 2224: 2222: 2217: 2214: 2210: 2205: 2200: 2195: 2191: 2181: 2177: 2169: 2165: 2163: 2147: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2128: 2118: 2109: 2107: 2101: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2082: 2075: 2071: 2062: 2058: 2055: 2050: 2047: 2037: 2034: 2033:Virginia Tech 2029: 2025: 2020: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1993: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1973: 1969: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1949: 1944: 1942: 1938: 1928: 1924: 1922: 1917: 1913: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1893: 1891: 1885: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1865: 1862: 1852: 1848: 1846: 1836: 1834: 1830: 1825: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1805: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1778: 1775: 1769: 1766: 1761: 1759: 1754: 1752: 1747: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1732: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1715: 1713: 1705: 1695: 1693: 1687: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1662: 1658: 1655: 1647: 1643: 1641: 1635: 1625: 1623: 1618: 1616: 1615:surface water 1612: 1607: 1598: 1590: 1587: 1583: 1580: 1579: 1578: 1576: 1571: 1563: 1558: 1549: 1547: 1537: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1522: 1520: 1512: 1508: 1505: 1502: 1499: 1495: 1492: 1488: 1485: 1484: 1483: 1481: 1476: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1461: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1441: 1439: 1434: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1419: 1415: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1384:Point sources 1381: 1377: 1367: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1352: 1350: 1345: 1343: 1339: 1329: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1308: 1303: 1299: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1256: 1252: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1237: 1233: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1201: 1197: 1192: 1185: 1181: 1178: 1177: 1176: 1174: 1168: 1160: 1155: 1141: 1139: 1138:bottled water 1130: 1128: 1124: 1122: 1118: 1116: 1112: 1110: 1106: 1104: 1100: 1098: 1094: 1093: 1092: 1090: 1084: 1083:(126 Liter). 1082: 1078: 1073: 1063: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1022: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1003:Trinity River 1000: 990: 988: 984: 980: 976: 972: 968: 964: 960: 956: 947: 945: 941: 940:Potomac River 937: 933: 929: 925: 921: 920:Detroit River 917: 913: 912:Lake Michigan 909: 905: 901: 897: 893: 889: 885: 881: 874: 870: 865: 861: 859: 855: 851: 847: 843: 839: 835: 831: 827: 823: 819: 815: 811: 807: 803: 799: 791: 787: 783: 778: 769: 767: 763: 759: 755: 751: 747: 745: 740: 738: 734: 729: 725: 724:San Francisco 721: 719: 718:Croton system 715: 711: 707: 702: 700: 696: 692: 687: 684: 680: 679:San Francisco 676: 675:New York City 672: 663: 661: 656: 654: 650: 649:surface water 643: 639: 634: 628:Water sources 625: 622: 620: 616: 612: 608: 604: 599: 597: 593: 589: 585: 581: 577: 573: 569: 555: 551: 543: 541: 537: 533: 528: 526: 521: 517: 512: 507: 505: 501: 497: 493: 489: 488:Richard Nixon 483: 481: 472: 467: 460: 456: 447: 445: 440: 438: 434: 429: 426: 421: 419: 415: 411: 407: 399: 394: 385: 383: 378: 376: 372: 366: 364: 360: 356: 351: 347: 342: 340: 339:Potomac River 336: 332: 328: 324: 320: 316: 315:Sudbury River 312: 308: 307:Lake Michigan 304: 300: 291: 287: 278: 276: 272: 267: 263: 258: 256: 252: 251:miasma theory 247: 242: 238: 232: 222: 220: 214: 212: 208: 204: 200: 196: 192: 187: 185: 182:program. The 181: 177: 171: 169: 165: 161: 157: 153: 149: 145: 141: 137: 128: 124: 120: 113: 109: 102: 98: 94: 89: 85: 81: 77: 73: 69: 65: 61: 57: 53: 49: 46:99.68% (2020) 45: 43: 38: 35:99.88% (2020) 34: 32: 27: 22: 16: 14323: 14272:Sint Maarten 14257:Saint Martin 14164:Dependencies 14134: 13887: 13818:South Africa 13808:Sierra Leone 13798:Saudi Arabia 13483:Burkina Faso 13289: 12925:Saudi Arabia 12742:South Africa 12737:Sierra Leone 12632:Burkina Faso 12433:Human rights 12413:Gun politics 12364:Islamophobia 12354:antisemitism 12222:Hospice care 12164:Middle class 12144:Homelessness 12121:Social class 12081:Social class 11945:Human rights 11935:Homelessness 11847:middle class 11812:Demographics 11787:Architecture 11694:Unemployment 11674:Labor unions 11422:Town meeting 11399:City council 11394:City manager 11135:State police 10997:Marine Corps 10987:Armed Forces 10962:civil rights 10942:Constitution 10578: 10514:Southwestern 10509:Southeastern 10499:Northwestern 10494:Northeastern 10459:Mid-Atlantic 10449:Great Plains 10167:World War II 10050:Constitution 9954:Colonial era 9933:2008–present 9760:. Retrieved 9750: 9742:the original 9737: 9713:. Retrieved 9703: 9682:cite journal 9670:. Retrieved 9657: 9645:. Retrieved 9631: 9623:the original 9618: 9609: 9599:– via 9593:. Retrieved 9586: 9577: 9532: 9518: 9493: 9481:. Retrieved 9477: 9467: 9456:February 23, 9454:. Retrieved 9447:the original 9434: 9422:. Retrieved 9418:the original 9408: 9396:. Retrieved 9386: 9374:. Retrieved 9370:the original 9360: 9348:. Retrieved 9344:the original 9319:. Retrieved 9312:the original 9299: 9287:. Retrieved 9283:the original 9257:. Retrieved 9250:the original 9237: 9204: 9190: 9180:December 18, 9178:. Retrieved 9174:the original 9164: 9153: 9143: 9131:. Retrieved 9119: 9107:. Retrieved 9102: 9093: 9081:. Retrieved 9076: 9072: 9048: 9036: 9017: 8998: 8979: 8967: 8955:. Retrieved 8950: 8881: 8877: 8867: 8834: 8830: 8820: 8808:. Retrieved 8796: 8759: 8755: 8726:. Retrieved 8699:. Retrieved 8692:the original 8679: 8667:. Retrieved 8635: 8623:. Retrieved 8614: 8596: 8584:. 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Retrieved 6027:. Retrieved 6016:The Guardian 6015: 5993: 5983: 5971:. Retrieved 5966: 5957: 5940: 5928:. Retrieved 5924: 5911: 5892: 5886: 5867: 5863: 5853: 5827:. Retrieved 5823: 5813: 5804: 5794: 5786:the original 5772: 5762:February 26, 5760:. Retrieved 5756:the original 5751: 5742: 5717: 5713: 5697: 5672:. Retrieved 5668:the original 5658: 5648:February 23, 5646:. Retrieved 5636: 5626:February 23, 5624:. Retrieved 5614: 5602:. Retrieved 5592: 5580:. Retrieved 5570: 5560:February 23, 5558:. Retrieved 5554:the original 5550:"About AMWA" 5544: 5534:February 23, 5532:. Retrieved 5522: 5512:February 26, 5510:. Retrieved 5506:"About NAWC" 5500: 5492:the original 5478: 5470:the original 5456: 5442: 5428: 5414: 5400: 5386: 5372: 5361: 5356: 5342: 5294: 5286: 5261: 5253: 5228: 5216:. Retrieved 5212:the original 5207: 5198: 5186:. Retrieved 5160:February 23, 5158:. Retrieved 5154:the original 5144: 5132:. Retrieved 5128:the original 5118: 5106:. 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Retrieved 3287:the original 3277: 3263: 3205: 3201: 3174:February 23, 3172:. Retrieved 3105:the original 3100: 3068:February 26, 3066:. Retrieved 3062:the original 3057: 3033:. Retrieved 3026:the original 3001: 2990:the original 2932:. Retrieved 2928:the original 2913: 2901:. Retrieved 2894:the original 2877: 2864:. Retrieved 2830:. Retrieved 2827:washdata.org 2826: 2780: 2749: 2745:preparedness 2734: 2722: 2718:contaminants 2707: 2698: 2686: 2676: 2661: 2658: 2633: 2618: 2606: 2564: 2537: 2466: 2459: 2454:chlorination 2444:The City of 2443: 2419: 2412: 2323: 2304: 2297: 2274: 2266: 2258: 2246: 2234: 2225: 2218: 2187: 2178: 2174: 2158: 2130: 2121:Fluoridation 2115: 2102: 2086:water tariff 2083: 2079: 2074:Water meters 2059: 2051: 2043: 2021: 1994: 1978: 1966: 1957: 1953: 1945: 1934: 1925: 1918: 1914: 1904:. Regarding 1899: 1886: 1874:Philadelphia 1867: 1854: 1849: 1842: 1826: 1813: 1811: 1800:(PFHxS) and 1779: 1770: 1762: 1755: 1750: 1748: 1733: 1725:perchlorates 1710: 1707: 1688: 1668: 1659: 1656: 1652: 1637: 1619: 1604: 1595: 1592:these areas. 1572: 1568: 1565:consumption. 1543: 1523: 1516: 1477: 1462: 1447: 1435: 1420: 1416: 1400:agricultural 1373: 1353: 1346: 1335: 1313: 1312: 1254: 1253: 1245:United Water 1235: 1234: 1222:Denver Water 1205: 1204: 1193: 1189: 1170: 1134: 1085: 1069: 1028: 1019:Lake Houston 996: 953: 942:through the 924:Philadelphia 877: 873:Philadelphia 852:through the 836:through the 814:Snake Valley 800:plants. The 795: 748: 741: 737:desalination 722: 703: 688: 669: 657: 646: 623: 619:septic tanks 600: 596:water towers 565: 549: 529: 508: 484: 476: 441: 430: 422: 403: 379: 375:Owens Valley 367: 346:sand filters 343: 299:Croton River 295: 259: 257:to prevail. 234: 215: 188: 172: 164:perchlorates 135: 134: 91:Institutions 15: 14242:Puerto Rico 14169:territories 14115:Saint Lucia 14050:El Salvador 13823:South Sudan 13778:Philippines 13733:New Zealand 13728:Netherlands 13548:El Salvador 13413:Afghanistan 13250:El Salvador 13177:Switzerland 13112:Netherlands 12996:New Zealand 12979:Australasia 12935:South Korea 12915:Philippines 12793:Afghanistan 12747:South Sudan 12672:Ivory Coast 12438:Immigration 12369:LGBT rights 12271:Food safety 12106:Video games 11699:Wall Street 11679:Public debt 11582:Agriculture 11518:nationalism 11230:Uniform act 11152:Legislative 11059:Territorial 11017:Coast Guard 11012:Space Force 10762:Legislative 10557:Red (South) 10547:Mississippi 10469:New England 10405:Appalachian 10375:Earthquakes 10272:Discoveries 10267:Demographic 10209:Vietnam War 10152:World War I 10147:Imperialism 10097:Indian Wars 10072:War of 1812 8837:: 213–248. 8435:NEWater FAQ 8088:. EPA. 2006 8066:. EPA. 2006 7497:October 26, 6948:October 26, 6786:January 27, 6731:. EPA. 2005 6708:. EPA. 2005 6683:. EPA. 2005 6222:40 CFR 6187:January 11, 5598:"About WQA" 5284:§ 9601 5251:§ 6901 4925:, based on 4627:February 7, 4597:February 8, 4321:January 16, 4016:November 4, 3972:November 4, 3765:, 110 3712:§ 1381 3035:January 11, 2832:January 27, 2696:to emerge. 2570:Los Angeles 2420:In the US, 2378:San Antonio 2330:water reuse 2270:water reuse 2254:dual piping 2231:Water reuse 2144:tooth decay 1939:as well as 1611:groundwater 1423:groundwater 1398:, and some 1392:storm sewer 1390:plants and 1296:Santa Clara 1121:Dishwashers 1015:Lake Conroe 983:San Antonio 846:Owens River 842:Los Angeles 834:Lake Havasu 830:Verde River 790:Los Angeles 653:groundwater 594:(including 576:well fields 309:. In 1848, 14237:Montserrat 14232:Martinique 14227:Guadeloupe 14025:Costa Rica 13713:Mozambique 13513:Costa Rica 13443:Bangladesh 13438:Azerbaijan 13235:Costa Rica 12991:East Timor 12880:Kyrgyzstan 12870:Kazakhstan 12803:Bangladesh 12798:Azerbaijan 12712:Mozambique 12472:Xenophobia 12261:Disability 12202:Healthcare 12111:Visual art 12056:Philosophy 12002:television 11992:newspapers 11982:journalism 11972:Literature 11884:attainment 11535:Republican 11530:Democratic 11503:Ideologies 11464:Corruption 11029:NOAA Corps 10952:preemption 10947:federalism 10562:Rio Grande 10464:Midwestern 10444:West Coast 10439:East Coast 10282:Inventions 10194:Space Race 10189:Korean War 10172:home front 10107:Gilded Age 9762:August 16, 9715:August 16, 9672:August 16, 9647:August 16, 9265:, p. 3; 14 9109:January 3, 8957:January 3, 7786:January 1, 6965:Waterlines 6636:October 4, 5952:(see p11). 5950:Transcript 5752:WaterSense 5124:"About Us" 4277:January 9, 4215:"Overview" 3803:; UNICEF. 2807:References 2766:, insider 2592:California 2574:California 2554:(RO), and 2450:Rio Grande 2393:California 2281:California 2209:WaterSense 2142:to reduce 1906:sanitation 1672:(CSO) and 1584:Increased 1456:and other 1332:Regulators 1165:See also: 826:Salt River 758:Blue River 699:Ware River 572:reservoirs 473:standards. 292:, New York 271:sanitation 262:wastewater 229:See also: 180:WaterSense 14310:Caribbean 14222:Greenland 14145:Venezuela 14090:Nicaragua 14060:Guatemala 13980:Argentina 13965:Sovereign 13898:Venezuela 13813:Singapore 13758:Palestine 13738:Nicaragua 13613:Indonesia 13588:Guatemala 13433:Australia 13428:Argentina 13361:Venezuela 13306:Argentina 13280:Nicaragua 13255:Guatemala 13107:Lithuania 12986:Australia 12940:Sri Lanka 12930:Singapore 12910:Palestine 12840:Indonesia 12818:Hong Kong 12563:By region 12455:Terrorism 12232:Rationing 12129:Affluence 12076:Sexuality 12044:Uncle Sam 11950:Languages 11879:Education 11822:affluence 11782:Americana 11709:Transport 11607:Insurance 11597:Companies 11577:By sector 11469:Elections 11110:Treasurer 11068:Executive 11007:Air Force 10979:Uniformed 10802:President 10619:Executive 10390:Mountains 10323:Territory 10311:Geography 10135:1954–1968 10130:1896–1954 10125:1865–1896 10087:Civil War 9928:1991–2008 9923:1980–1991 9918:1964–1980 9913:1945–1964 9908:1917–1945 9903:1865–1917 9898:1849–1865 9893:1815–1849 9888:1789–1815 9883:1776–1789 9876:By period 9711:. Fda.gov 9424:March 25, 9398:March 25, 9376:March 25, 9350:March 25, 9321:March 25, 9289:March 25, 9259:March 25, 9103:KERA News 9083:March 22, 8625:March 12, 8586:March 21, 8528:March 21, 8502:March 12, 8383:WateReuse 8379:WateReuse 8331:March 12, 8310:March 12, 8248:March 25, 8221:March 25, 8180:March 25, 8092:March 25, 7992:March 28, 7965:March 25, 7905:March 25, 7875:March 25, 7813:(1): 25. 7729:March 25, 7670:March 25, 7636:March 25, 7564:March 25, 7526:2164-7895 7464:1044-9493 7458:(5): 22. 7408:1079-0969 7353:0895-3309 7304:1047-6857 7200:0037-783X 7165:1047-6857 7130:1532-2874 7095:0008-1221 7065:152830364 7049:0272-5037 7035:: 46–49. 6985:0262-8104 6909:116629840 6901:1551-8833 6859:148728426 6851:1742-058X 6761:March 27, 6735:March 25, 6712:March 25, 6687:March 25, 6610:March 25, 6575:March 25, 6145:0027-8424 6024:0261-3077 5930:April 10, 5782:IBISWorld 5734:211730442 5674:March 23, 5582:March 23, 5218:March 23, 5188:March 25, 5134:March 23, 5108:March 27, 4952:March 23, 4934:March 23, 4805:March 25, 4543:March 24, 4507:March 24, 4299:March 28, 4225:March 27, 3557:214337408 3238:221886745 3222:0199-9885 3093:(Quoting 2934:March 25, 2903:March 25, 2866:April 21, 2764:vandalism 2730:consumers 2588:San Diego 2422:San Diego 2389:San Diego 2338:nutrients 2295:in 1962. 2235:Reuse of 2162:Tampa Bay 2001:blackbelt 1864:research. 1628:Pollution 1210:utilities 1200:aqueducts 1066:Water use 1060:graywater 858:San Diego 850:Mono Lake 806:Lake Mead 764:into the 695:Wachusett 609:, sewage 584:aqueducts 516:San Diego 246:John Snow 144:pollution 62:very high 14341:Category 14177:Anguilla 14125:Suriname 14100:Paraguay 14075:Honduras 14035:Dominica 14020:Colombia 13990:Barbados 13918:Zimbabwe 13853:Thailand 13848:Tanzania 13783:Portugal 13768:Paraguay 13753:Pakistan 13693:Malaysia 13603:Honduras 13553:Ethiopia 13508:Colombia 13488:Cambodia 13341:Paraguay 13326:Colombia 13265:Honduras 13207:Scotland 13162:Slovenia 13157:Slovakia 13137:Portugal 13042:Bulgaria 12955:Thailand 12905:Pakistan 12895:Malaysia 12808:Cambodia 12777:Zimbabwe 12757:Tanzania 12662:Ethiopia 12657:Eswatini 12642:Cameroon 12622:Botswana 12511:Category 12207:Abortion 12071:Religion 12029:Columbia 11987:internet 11923:Holidays 11918:Folklore 11889:literacy 11827:eviction 11717:Aviation 11689:Taxation 11644:Currency 11637:by state 11547:Scandals 11417:Township 11175:Judicial 11076:Governor 10839:Judicial 10725:Marshals 10598:Politics 10552:Missouri 10542:Columbia 10537:Colorado 10532:Arkansas 10525:Longest 10504:Southern 10489:Northern 10333:counties 10287:Military 10277:Economic 10255:By topic 10234:Iraq War 10184:Cold War 9942:By event 9668:. US EPA 9478:Politico 9462:, p. 2-3 9133:July 29, 9025:Archived 9006:Archived 8987:Archived 8951:CBS News 8910:19440440 8859:25917290 8810:July 29, 8788:19440440 8728:July 29, 8701:July 29, 8669:July 29, 8643:Archived 8604:Archived 8564:Archived 8546:Archived 8438:Archived 8420:July 29, 8355:July 29, 8289:Archived 8266:Archived 8190:cite web 8118:July 16, 8070:April 4, 7839:18067684 7692:Archived 7609:April 1, 7534:26830179 7472:24668328 7434:31239625 7416:26727083 7377:73414940 7369:30707005 7361:26566983 7312:90008699 7274:29016326 7208:40972088 7173:43291103 7138:41555183 7103:41346406 6993:24688155 6545:cite web 6535:March 9, 6431:Newsweek 6163:29440421 6029:April 7, 5973:April 7, 5839:cite web 5702:Archived 5287:et seq., 5254:et seq., 5057:Archived 5034:Archived 4851:17485621 4571:June 30, 4445:June 20, 4419:June 20, 4393:June 20, 4366:Archived 4145:ABC News 3894:Archived 3815:March 2, 3678:Archived 3642:Archived 3377:23561154 3230:32966189 2785:See also 2768:sabotage 2726:accuracy 2518:Windhoek 2500:Virginia 2462:Colorado 2136:fluoride 2017:hookworm 1861:VC money 1804:(PFNA). 1796:(PFBS), 1788:(PFOS), 1784:(PFOA), 1519:lobbying 1404:feedlots 1286:and the 1274:and the 1183:systems. 1031:Colorado 906:rivers. 900:Ocmulgee 710:Delaware 706:Catskill 418:Brooklyn 350:chlorine 275:Congress 14207:Curaçao 14192:Bonaire 14187:Bermuda 14140:Uruguay 14080:Jamaica 14055:Grenada 14045:Ecuador 14000:Bolivia 13985:Bahamas 13903:Vietnam 13893:Uruguay 13863:Tunisia 13803:Senegal 13743:Nigeria 13718:Namibia 13708:Morocco 13683:Liberia 13678:Lesotho 13673:Lebanon 13643:Jamaica 13628:Ireland 13583:Grenada 13568:Germany 13563:Georgia 13538:Ecuador 13528:Denmark 13468:Bolivia 13448:Belgium 13418:Algeria 13356:Uruguay 13331:Ecuador 13311:Bolivia 13270:Jamaica 13187:Ukraine 13147:Romania 13092:Iceland 13087:Hungary 13077:Germany 13067:Finland 13062:Estonia 13057:Denmark 13047:Croatia 13032:Belgium 13027:Austria 13022:Armenia 13017:Albania 12965:Vietnam 12890:Lebanon 12830:Georgia 12762:Tunisia 12732:Senegal 12722:Nigeria 12717:Namibia 12707:Morocco 12687:Liberia 12682:Lesotho 12637:Burundi 12612:Algeria 12495:Outline 12443:illegal 12428:Smoking 12291:Obesity 12174:Poverty 12096:Theater 12086:Society 11940:Housing 11901:Fashion 11857:poverty 11802:Cuisine 11774:Culture 11761:Society 11722:Driving 11649:Exports 11627:Tourism 11587:Banking 11565:Economy 11525:Parties 11369:Charter 11333:Sheriff 10780:Speaker 10648:Cabinet 10611:Federal 10519:Western 10484:Eastern 10479:Central 10474:Pacific 10434:Regions 10385:Islands 9868:History 9595:May 31, 9559:Pub. L. 9541:Pub. L. 9500:Pub. L. 9211:Pub. L. 8901:2672392 8839:Bibcode 8779:2672392 8152:, p. 40 7830:2222595 7773:8474047 7425:6586960 7265:5817782 6741:, p. 4. 6276:Pub. L. 6154:5834717 6123:Bibcode 6094:July 6, 5604:May 16, 5327:Pub. L. 5314:Pub. L. 5301:Pub. L. 5268:Pub. L. 5235:Pub. L. 4733:, p. 20 3752:Pub. L. 3715:et seq. 3314:Jacobin 2522:Namibia 2446:El Paso 2261:Florida 2194:Seattle 2094:Atlanta 2090:Chicago 1995:In the 1985:nitrate 1586:drought 1328:(CAP). 1127:Faucets 1109:showers 1097:toilets 1081:Germany 1077:England 999:Houston 975:Memphis 916:Detroit 908:Chicago 884:Atlanta 822:Phoenix 808:on the 768:Basin. 756:on the 691:Quabbin 400:in 1882 303:Chicago 241:typhoid 237:cholera 225:History 205:(CWA). 14095:Panama 14085:Mexico 14065:Guyana 14010:Canada 14005:Brazil 13995:Belize 13967:states 13913:Zambia 13878:Uganda 13873:Tuvalu 13868:Turkey 13843:Taiwan 13793:Rwanda 13788:Russia 13763:Panama 13703:Mexico 13663:Kuwait 13653:Jordan 13633:Israel 13593:Guyana 13578:Greece 13558:France 13493:Canada 13478:Brazil 13463:Bhutan 13453:Belize 13423:Angola 13336:Guyana 13316:Brazil 13285:Panama 13275:Mexico 13230:Canada 13225:Belize 13182:Turkey 13172:Sweden 13152:Russia 13132:Poland 13127:Serbia 13122:Norway 13102:Latvia 13082:Greece 13072:France 13010:Europe 12950:Taiwan 12920:Russia 12875:Kuwait 12865:Jordan 12845:Israel 12772:Zambia 12767:Uganda 12727:Rwanda 12697:Malawi 12617:Angola 12605:Africa 12516:Portal 12423:Hunger 12374:racism 12315:Issues 12189:Health 12091:Sports 12051:People 11896:Family 11867:wealth 11792:Cinema 11617:Mining 11602:Energy 11347:Cities 11315:County 11249:Tribal 10787:Senate 10631:powers 10527:rivers 10400:ranges 10368:states 10292:Postal 9565: 9547: 9506: 9228: 9217: 9079:(4): 5 8908: 8898: 8857: 8786: 8776: 8582:. SAWS 8474: 8019: 7931: 7837: 7827: 7771: 7532: 7524: 7470: 7462: 7432: 7422: 7414: 7406: 7375: 7367: 7359: 7351: 7310: 7302: 7272: 7262: 7206: 7198: 7171: 7163: 7136: 7128: 7101: 7093: 7063: 7055: 7047: 6991: 6983: 6907: 6899: 6857: 6849: 6718:, p. 5 6282: 6161: 6151: 6143: 6022: 5899: 5829:May 7, 5732: 5333: 5322:95–217 5320: 5309:92–500 5307: 5282: 5276:96–510 5274: 5249: 5243:94–580 5241: 4849: 4718: 4712: 3918: 3851: 3769: 3758: 3710: 3555: 3520: 3493: 3401:May 3, 3375: 3236: 3228: 3220: 2560:lagoon 2550:(MF), 2494:Veurne 1896:Access 1857: 1763:EPA's 1540:Issues 1362:. 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