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69:
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water. The law authorizes the
Environmental Protection Agency to regulate surface water pollution in the United States, in partnership with state agencies. Prior to 1972 it was legal to discharge wastewater to surface waters without testing for or removing water pollutants. The CWA was amended in 1981 and 1987 to adjust the federal proportion of construction grant funding for local governments, regulate municipal storm sewer discharges and to later establish the
12931:
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2036:"environmental and/or human health in more than a quarter of the studied locations". It investigated 1,052 sampling sites along 258 rivers in 104 countries, representing the river pollution of 470 million people. It found that "the most contaminated sites were in low- to middle-income countries and were associated with areas with poor wastewater and waste management infrastructure and
2778:. Using the US as an example, the main industrial consumers of water (using over 60% of the total consumption) are power plants, petroleum refineries, iron and steel mills, pulp and paper mills, and food processing industries. Some industries discharge chemical wastes, including solvents and heavy metals (which are toxic) and other harmful pollutants.
1290:
A practical definition of water pollution is: "Water pollution is the addition of substances or energy forms that directly or indirectly alter the nature of the water body in such a manner that negatively affects its legitimate uses." Water is typically referred to as polluted when it is impaired by
4409:
is the primary federal law in the United States governing water pollution in surface waters. The 1972 CWA amendments established a broad regulatory framework for improving water quality. The law defines procedures for pollution control and developing criteria and standards for pollutants in surface
3386:
usually determines what is a natural component of water and what is a contaminant. High concentrations of naturally occurring substances can have negative impacts on aquatic flora and fauna. Oxygen-depleting substances may be natural materials such as plant matter (e.g. leaves and grass) as well as
3912:
One aspect of environmental protection are mandatory regulations but they are only part of the solution. Other important tools in pollution control include environmental education, economic instruments, market forces and stricter enforcements. Standards can be "precise" (for a defined quantifiable
2291:
significantly contributes as well. It is a combination of chemicals and trash, most of which comes from land sources and is washed or blown into the ocean. This pollution results in damage to the environment, to the health of all organisms, and to economic structures worldwide. Since most inputs
2656:
In many areas of the world, groundwater pollution poses a hazard to the wellbeing of people and ecosystems. One-quarter of the world's population depends on groundwater for drinking, yet concentrated recharging is known to carry short-lived contaminants into carbonate aquifers and jeopardize the
3082:
Air deposition is a process whereby air pollutants from industrial or natural sources settle into water bodies. The deposition may lead to polluted water near the source, or at distances up to a few thousand miles away. The most frequently observed water pollutants resulting from industrial air
4325:
In the
Philippines, Republic Act 9275, otherwise known as the Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004, is the governing law on wastewater management. It states that it is the country's policy to protect, preserve and revive the quality of its fresh, brackish and marine waters, for which wastewater
2232:
is improving globally, the absolute amount of plastic pollution continues to increase unabated due to the large amount of plastic that is being produced and disposed of. Even if sea plastic pollution were to stop entirely, microplastic contamination of the surface ocean would be projected to
3056:
have originated from a point source, the long-range transport ability and multiple sources of the pollutant make it a nonpoint source of pollution; if the discharges were to occur to a body of water or into the atmosphere at a single location, the pollution would be
2169:
Stormwater, untreated sewage and wind are the primary conduits for microplastics from land to sea. Synthetic fabrics, tyres, and city dust are the most common sources of microplastics. These three sources account for more than 80% of all microplastic contamination.
4248:
Effective control of urban runoff involves reducing the velocity and flow of stormwater, as well as reducing pollutant discharges. Local governments use a variety of stormwater management techniques to reduce the effects of urban runoff. These techniques, called
4220:. Discharge of toxic chemicals such as motor fuels and concrete washout can be prevented by use of spill prevention and control plans, and specially designed containers (e.g. for concrete washout) and structures such as overflow controls and diversion berms.
2722:), and their metabolites Water pollution due to environmental persistent pharmaceutical pollutants can have wide-ranging consequences. When sewers overflow during storm events this can lead to water pollution from untreated sewage. Such events are called
3265:. This refers to the measurement of specific properties of an organism to obtain information on the surrounding physical and chemical environment. Biological testing involves the use of plant, animal or microbial indicators to monitor the health of an
6665:
Gatidou G, Kinyua J, van Nuijs AL, Gracia-Lor E, Castiglioni S, Covaci A, Stasinakis AS (September 2016). "Drugs of abuse and alcohol consumption among different groups of population on the Greek Island of Lesvos through sewage-based epidemiology".
3179:, without sampling, such as temperature. Others involve collection of samples, followed by specialized analytical tests in the laboratory. Standardized, validated analytical test methods, for water and wastewater samples have been published.
4020:
and pathogens. While such advanced treatment techniques will undoubtedly reduce the discharges of micropollutants, they can also result in large financial costs, as well as environmentally undesirable increases in energy consumption and
4372:
Whitty's comments came after the study revealed that the UK was experiencing a growth in the number of people that were using coastal and inland waters recreationally. This could be connected to a growing interest in activities such as
5532:
Downs CA, Kramarsky-Winter E, Fauth JE, Segal R, Bronstein O, Jeger R, et al. (March 2014). "Toxicological effects of the sunscreen UV filter, benzophenone-2, on planulae and in vitro cells of the coral, Stylophora pistillata".
6310:
Hartmann, Andreas; Jasechko, Scott; Gleeson, Tom; Wada, Yoshihide; Andreo, Bartolomé; Barberá, Juan
Antonio; Brielmann, Heike; Bouchaou, Lhoussaine; Charlier, Jean-Baptiste; Darling, W. George; Filippini, Maria (May 18, 2021).
3105:
to produce acids. Some governments have made efforts since the 1970s to reduce the release of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide into the atmosphere. The main source of sulfur and nitrogen compounds that result in acid rain are
5083:
5004:
3083:
deposition are sulfur compounds, nitrogen compounds, mercury compounds, other heavy metals, and some pesticides and industrial by-products. Natural sources of air deposition include forest fires and microbial activity.
3269:. They are any biological species or group of species whose function, population, or status can reveal what degree of ecosystem or environmental integrity is present. One example of a group of bio-indicators are the
4151:
water. Agricultural wastewater treatment is required for continuous confined animal operations like milk and egg production. It may be performed in plants using mechanized treatment units similar to those used for
3288:
The complexity of water quality as a subject is reflected in the many types of measurements of water quality indicators. Some measurements of water quality are most accurately made on-site, because water exists in
7364:
3032:, or hydrological modification (rainfall and snowmelt) where tracing pollution back to a single source is difficult. Nonpoint source water pollution affects a water body from sources such as polluted runoff from
3924:
Moving towards a holistic approach in chemical pollution control combines the following approaches: Integrated control measures, trans-boundary considerations, complementary and supplementary control measures,
12741:
4365:, as well as times of flooding or heavy rainfall. While heavy rainfall had always been associated with sewage overflows into streams and rivers, the British media went as far to warn parents of the dangers of
3012:) of water or air that does not originate from a single discrete source. This type of pollution is often the cumulative effect of small amounts of contaminants gathered from a large area. It is in contrast to
2428:
is a large contributor to cultural eutrophication since sewage is high in nutrients. Releasing raw sewage into a large water body is referred to as sewage dumping, and still occurs all over the world. Excess
2166:, where they cause water pollution. 35% of all ocean microplastics come from textiles/clothing, primarily due to the erosion of polyester, acrylic, or nylon-based clothing, often during the washing process.
2600:. This type of water pollution can also occur naturally due to the presence of a minor and unwanted constituent, contaminant, or impurity in the groundwater, in which case it is more likely referred to as
5487:"Toxicopathological Effects of the Sunscreen UV Filter, Oxybenzone (Benzophenone-3), on Coral Planulae and Cultured Primary Cells and Its Environmental Contamination in Hawaii and the U.S. Virgin Islands"
2006:
1369:
that mimic hormones in their action. These can have adverse impacts even at very low concentrations on the natural biota and potentially on humans if the water is treated and utilized for drinking water.
4082:
plants have their own specialized facilities to treat their wastewaters so that the pollutant concentrations in the treated wastewater comply with the regulations regarding disposal of wastewaters into
3921:(BPEO). Market-based economic instruments for pollution control can include: charges, subsidies, deposit or refund schemes, the creation of a market in pollution credits, and enforcement incentives.
7762:
1692:
are used to investigate pathogenic pollution of water because the detection of pathogenic organisms in water sample is difficult and costly, because of their low concentrations. The indicators (
4792:
3074:
leads to nutrient pollution. In addition to plant-focused agriculture, fish-farming is also a source of pollution. Additionally, agricultural runoff often contains high levels of pesticides.
4353:
newspaper interviewed Whitty, who stated that improving water quality and sewage treatment should be a high level of importance and a "public health priority". He compared it to eradicating
4338:
released a study into the effects wastewater on public health in the United
Kingdom. The study gained media attention, with comments from the UKs leading health professionals, including Sir
6139:
1705:
Pathogens can produce waterborne diseases in either human or animal hosts. Some microorganisms sometimes found in contaminated surface waters that have caused human health problems include
8054:
9337:
8029:. Preliminary Data Summary of Urban Storm Water Best Management Practices (Report). Washington, DC: United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). August 1999. EPA-821-R-99-012.
6869:
6612:
Bletsou AA, Asimakopoulos AG, Stasinakis AS, Thomaidis NS, Kannan K (February 2013). "Mass loading and fate of linear and cyclic siloxanes in a wastewater treatment plant in Greece".
6060:
1986:
1978:
806:
4099:. Some industries install a pre-treatment system to remove some pollutants (e.g., toxic compounds), and then discharge the partially treated wastewater to the municipal sewer system.
9562:
7585:
Wang Y, Fan L, Jones OA, Roddick F (April 2021). "Quantification of seasonal photo-induced formation of reactive intermediates in a municipal sewage lagoon upon sunlight exposure".
5103:
985:
9557:
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that are present in many water bodies. Such organisms can be monitored for changes (biochemical, physiological, or behavioral) that may indicate a problem within their ecosystem.
980:
4999:
1696:) of fecal contamination of water samples most commonly used are total coliforms (TC) or fecal coliforms (FC), the latter also referred to as thermotolerant coliforms, such as
5240:
4035:. In the US, cities with large combined systems have not pursued system-wide separation projects due to the high cost, but have implemented partial separation projects and
10399:
2694:). The CWA definition of point source was amended in 1987 to include municipal storm sewer systems, as well as industrial storm water, such as from construction sites.
2198:
6793:
6113:
4005:
can be a low cost treatment option for sewage. UV light (sunlight) can be used to degrade some pollutants in waste stabilization ponds (sewage lagoons). The use of
8135:
2691:
7656:
Jones OA, Green PG, Voulvoulis N, Lester JN (July 2007). "Questioning the excessive use of advanced treatment to remove organic micropollutants from wastewater".
2533:
can also be a source of thermal pollution. Thermal pollution can also be caused by the release of very cold water from the base of reservoirs into warmer rivers.
5625:
Larsson DG, Adolfsson-Erici M, Parkkonen J, Pettersson M, Berg AH, Olsson PE, Förlin L (April 1, 1999). "Ethinyloestradiol — an undesired fish contraceptive?".
3387:
human-made chemicals. Other natural and anthropogenic substances may cause turbidity (cloudiness) which blocks light and disrupts plant growth, and clogs the
2018:, but the current state of research shows that personal care products impact the environment and other species, such as coral reefs and fish. PPCPs encompass
4091:. This applies to industries that generate wastewater with high concentrations of organic matter (e.g. oil and grease), toxic pollutants (e.g. heavy metals,
4062:
that is produced by industries as an undesirable by-product. After treatment, the treated industrial wastewater (or effluent) may be reused or released to a
8222:
8186:
8152:
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7314:
3370:, pathogens, and physical changes such as elevated temperature. While many of the chemicals and substances that are regulated may be naturally occurring (
1195:. Pollution is the result of the cumulative effect over time. Pollution may take many forms. One would is toxic substances such as oil, metals, plastics,
7805:
George
Tchobanoglous; Franklin L. Burton; H. David Stensel (2003). "Chapter 3: Analysis and Selection of Wastewater Flowrates and Constituent Loadings".
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6480:
5752:
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and dust can also play a role, as these pollutants can settle into waterways and oceans. Pathways of pollution include direct discharge, land runoff,
12726:
2045:
2019:
7537:
Jones OA, Gomes RL (2013). "Chapter 1: Chemical
Pollution of the Aquatic Environment by Priority Pollutants and its Control". In Harrison RM (ed.).
6140:"Reactive Nitrogen in the United States: An Analysis of Inputs, Flows, Consequences, and Management Options, A Report of the Science Advisory Board"
4012:
Well-designed and operated systems (i.e., with secondary treatment stages or more advanced tertiary treatment) can remove 90 percent or more of the
5130:"Estimating Environmental Hazard and Risks from Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs): Outcome of a SETAC Focused Topic Meeting"
11405:
6317:
6146:
3900:
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is another impact of water pollution. Ocean acidification is the ongoing decrease in the pH value of the Earth's oceans, caused by the uptake of
6571:
Arvaniti OS, Stasinakis AS (August 2015). "Review on the occurrence, fate and removal of perfluorinated compounds during wastewater treatment".
3198:
methods. Many published test methods are available for both organic and inorganic compounds. Frequently used parameters that are quantified are
1388:(HAV may be present in treated wastewater outflows and receiving water bodies but is largely removed during further treatment of drinking water)
10161:
9575:
4399:
4253:(BMPs) in some countries, may focus on water quantity control, while others focus on improving water quality, and some perform both functions.
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990:
8204:
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Water pollution may be analyzed through several broad categories of methods: physical, chemical and biological. Some methods may be conducted
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6167:
3952:
at construction sites can also help prevent water pollution. Effective control of urban runoff includes reducing speed and quantity of flow.
3428:
and killed 1.8 million people" (these are also referred to as waterborne diseases). Persistent exposure to pollutants through water are
6867:
Sisterson DL, Liaw YP (January 1, 1990). "An evaluation of lightning and corona discharge on thunderstorm air and precipitation chemistry".
6064:
9858:
4250:
2781:
Industrial wastewater could add the following pollutants to receiving water bodies if the wastewater is not treated and managed properly:
10306:
9270:
1068:
756:
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9671:
6522:
5846:
4342:. Outlining 15 recommendations for various UK bodies to dramatically reduce public health risks by increasing the water quality in its
11684:
7839:
11689:
6725:
Gatidou G, Arvaniti OS, Stasinakis AS (April 2019). "Review on the occurrence and fate of microplastics in Sewage
Treatment Plants".
6536:
Tchobanoglous G, Burton FL, Stensel HD (2003). "Chapter 3: Analysis and
Selection of Wastewater Flowrates and Constituent Loadings".
5182:
Sinclair GM, Long SM, Jones OA (November 2020). "What are the effects of PFAS exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations?".
4629:
3669:
4841:
1669:* Sources of these pollutants are household and industrial wastewater, urban runoff and stormwater drainage from agricultural areas
5316:
Evans DM, Villamagna AM, Green MB, Campbell JL (August 2018). "Origins of stream salinization in an upland New
England watershed".
4824:
4414:. The fund provides low-interest loans to improve municipal sewage treatment systems and finance other water quality improvements.
1758:
that has found its way into the water body. The cause for this can be lack of sanitation procedures or poorly functioning on-site
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approaches. In some cases municipalities have installed additional CSO storage facilities or expanded sewage treatment capacity.
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4307:
in 2020. A water body is classified as "good" quality if at least 80% of monitoring values meet target quality levels, see also
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12102:
10340:
5235:
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can cause eutrophication, especially in lakes. Eutrophication is an increase in the concentration of chemical nutrients in an
2855:, endocrine disrupting compounds, hormones, perfluorinated compounds, siloxanes, drugs of abuse and other hazardous substances
1870:
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12751:
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9552:
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1989:(PPCPs) is being investigated since at least the 1990s. PPCPs include substances used by individuals for personal health or
12834:
9853:
8840:
8652:
7587:
7146:
6668:
6573:
5421:
Wang J, Wang S (November 2016). "Removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) from wastewater: A review".
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3976:
3854:
2637:
249:
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5877:
12791:
12355:
11943:
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4381:. Despite this growth in recreation, poor water quality meant some were becoming unwell during events. Most notably, the
4013:
3903:, Washington, D.C., United States. Seen in the distance are the sludge digester building and thermal hydrolysis reactors.
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1855:
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Inadequately treated wastewater can convey nutrients, pathogens, heterogenous suspended solids and organic fecal matter.
376:
296:
17:
7719:
4743:
Alexandrou L, Meehan BJ, Jones OA (October 2018). "Regulated and emerging disinfection by-products in recycled waters".
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11859:
9570:
9547:
8726:
8386:
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8240:
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3483:. Eutrophication may occur naturally or as a result of human actions. Manmade, or cultural, eutrophication occurs when
3366:– fresh, coastal, and ocean waters. The specific contaminants leading to pollution in water include a wide spectrum of
2706:. It is a major source of phosphate for example. Sewage is often contaminated with diverse compounds found in personal
970:
884:
326:
3455:(oxygen depletion) and severe reductions in water quality may occur. This can harm fish and other animal populations.
1313:
12849:
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6523:"Governments unite to step-up reduction on global DDT reliance and add nine new chemicals under international treaty"
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5097:
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waste, paper fibers, plant material, etc.) discharge high concentrations of BOD, ammonia nitrogen and oil and grease.
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826:
731:
2702:
Sewage typically consists of 99.9% water and 0.1% solids. Sewage contributes many classes of nutrients that lead to
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10846:
9726:
9539:
7231:
Pollution is a major stress factor affecting all aquatic ecosystems including fresh, coastal and open ocean waters.
5798:
4924:
Guidelines for the Safe Use of
Wastewater, Excreta and Greywater, Volume 4 Excreta and Greywater Use in Agriculture
4485:
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4411:
3029:
2328:, and dust. These nonpoint sources are largely due to runoff that enters the ocean through rivers, but wind-blown
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Eaton, Andrew D.; Greenberg, Arnold E.; Rice, Eugene W.; Clesceri, Lenore S.; Franson, Mary Ann H., eds. (2005).
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2010:
PPCPs have been detected in water bodies throughout the world. More research is needed to evaluate the risks of
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Agriculture is a major contributor to water pollution from nonpoint sources. The use of fertilizers as well as
2178:
Surface water pollution includes pollution of rivers, lakes and oceans. A subset of surface water pollution is
5899:"Microplastics from textiles: towards a circular economy for textiles in Europe — European Environment Agency"
2676:. Examples of sources in this category include discharges from a sewage treatment plant, a factory, or a city
12959:
12599:
12370:
11679:
10363:
10136:
9778:
9620:
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8900:
7244:
6061:"The Impacts of Atmospheric Deposition to the Ocean on Marine Ecosystems and Climate WMO Bulletin Vol 58 (1)"
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3729:
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1997:
to boost growth or health of livestock. More than twenty million tons of PPCPs are produced every year. The
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12191:
10915:
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9071:
8820:
8800:
8552:
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7702:
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6938:. In Jamison DT, Breman JG, Measham AR, Alleyne G, Claeson M, Evans DB, Jha P, Mills A, Musgrove P (eds.).
4998:
Schueler, Thomas R. "Microbes and Urban Watersheds: Concentrations, Sources, & Pathways." Reprinted in
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4268:
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and cause harmful effects there. The majority of this waste (80%) comes from land-based activity, although
2131:
can enter water bodies through untreated sewage, combined sewer overflows, urban runoff, people discarding
2037:
2033:
2023:
1859:
1200:
544:
396:
371:
166:
7035:
Doney SC, Fabry VJ, Feely RA, Kleypas JA (January 1, 2009). "Ocean acidification: the other CO2 problem".
3895:
2201:. Lack of access to sanitation is concerning and often leads to water pollution, e.g. via the practice of
1092:, with a negative impact on their uses. It is usually a result of human activities. Water bodies include
12611:
12504:
12415:
12228:
12216:
12125:
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10071:
9771:
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3654:
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3160:
3115:
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1631:
655:
406:
6005:. Vol. III, Ecological Issues and Environmental Impacts (Second ed.). London: Academic Press.
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compounds in the environment are associated with many large-scale environmental concerns. These include
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and improved chemical handling (e.g. management of motor fuels & oil, fertilizers, pesticides and
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that is dangerously alkaline and can lead to water pollution if not managed appropriately (photo from
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12798:
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11994:
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Downs CA, Kramarsky-Winter E, Segal R, Fauth J, Knutson S, Bronstein O, et al. (February 2016).
5411:
4928:
4490:
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had to delay numerous swimming-focused events like the triathlon due to high levels of sewage in the
4241:
4164:
may have lower operational costs for seasonal use conditions from breeding or harvest cycles. Animal
3914:
3849:
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3834:
3814:
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3739:
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3297:. Measurements commonly made on-site and in direct contact with the water source in question include
3290:
3001:
2995:
2317:
1707:
1460:
1399:
Poster to teach people in South Asia about human activities leading to the pollution of water sources
1348:
1322:
The following compounds can all reach water bodies via raw sewage or even treated sewage discharges:
1141:
786:
751:
711:
364:
331:
181:
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Takuissu GR, Kenmoe S, Ebogo-Belobo JT, Kengne-Ndé C, Mbaga DS, Bowo-Ngandji A, et al. (2023).
4822:
Natural Environmental Research Council – River sewage pollution found to be disrupting fish hormones
4231:(soil loss due to water runoff) also results in loss of sediment and, potentially, water pollution.
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6795:
Nutrient Pollution From Agricultural Production: Overview, Management and a Study of Chesapeake Bay
6115:
Nutrient Pollution From Agricultural Production: Overview, Management and a Study of Chesapeake Bay
4657:"Modeling the contribution of point sources and non-point sources to Thachin River water pollution"
4361:
network. The study also identified that low water flows in rivers saw high concentration levels of
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2545:, as gases are less soluble in warmer liquids), which can kill fish (which may then rot) and alter
2152:
2123:
2032:
In 2022, the most comprehensive study of pharmaceutical pollution of the world's rivers found that
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contaminants. Due to these contaminants, it either no longer supports a certain human use, such as
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401:
336:
273:
7720:
Greening CSO Plans: Planning and Modeling Green Infrastructure for Combined Sewer Overflow Control
12912:
12839:
12671:
11520:
11443:
10947:
10836:
9783:
9711:
9514:
9280:
8810:
8361:
8008:
6799:
5458:"The Effects of Ultraviolet Filters and Sunscreen on Corals and Aquatic Ecosystems: Bibliography"
4028:
3794:
3719:
2723:
2446:
2072:
1956:
1779:
1775:
1337:
1208:
811:
766:
386:
12935:
12907:
12686:
12410:
11896:
11807:
11577:
11350:
11193:
11065:
10262:
10204:
10146:
9848:
9473:
8863:
8290:
8272:
5929:. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), 2017
4128:
3998:
3994:
3282:
3203:
3187:
3183:
3164:
3013:
2257:
1713:
1626:
1425:
1362:
949:
436:
81:
10171:
4583:
1299:, or undergoes a marked shift in its ability to support its biotic communities, such as fish.
13006:
12892:
12676:
12211:
12112:
12005:
11854:
11542:
11414:
11147:
11142:
10937:
10878:
10113:
9443:
9275:
9151:
9059:
8749:
8642:
8442:
7432:
3956:
3926:
3359:
3294:
3144:
2636:. Pollution (or contamination) can also occur from naturally occurring contaminants, such as
2589:
2583:
2288:
2261:
2128:
1525:
1137:
919:
761:
627:
539:
236:
10186:
6313:"Risk of groundwater contamination widely underestimated because of fast flow into aquifers"
4597:
3985:
Plastic waste on the big drainage, and air pollution in the far end of the drainage in Ghana
1124:
mix with these water bodies. Contaminants can come from one of four main sources. These are
12867:
12651:
12516:
12482:
12430:
12255:
12250:
12196:
12152:
12042:
11980:
11869:
11864:
11530:
11515:
11510:
11341:
11313:
11278:
11205:
11005:
10942:
10760:
10581:
10209:
10042:
9250:
8905:
8601:
7961:
7930:
7667:
7638:
7596:
7470:
7256:
7172:
7046:
6991:
6878:
6831:
6736:
6673:
6623:
6578:
6326:
6241:
5847:"More than ever, our clothes are made of plastic. Just washing them can pollute the oceans"
5699:
5589:
5327:
5270:
5193:
5051:
5021:
4845:
4750:
4589:
4260:
4075:
4059:
4036:
3573:
3429:
3195:
3107:
2668:
refers to contaminants that enter a waterway from a single, identifiable source, such as a
2625:
2570:
2005:
residues with the potential of contamination of water and soil to be "priority substances".
1960:
1267:
461:
194:
89:
10269:
7538:
6230:
Olenin S, Minchin D, Daunys D (2007). "Assessment of biopollution in aquatic ecosystems".
6145:. Washington, DC: US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). EPA-SAB-11-013. Archived from
4953:
4922:
4873:"Occurrence of Hepatitis A Virus in Water Matrices: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"
4849:
4070:
in the environment. Some industrial facilities generate wastewater that can be treated in
3394:
2940:. The term is usually given to marine oil spills, where oil is released into the ocean or
8:
13011:
12877:
12872:
12646:
12445:
12435:
12270:
11879:
11603:
11428:
11336:
11244:
11232:
11122:
11075:
10883:
10806:
10532:
10323:
10214:
9954:
9909:
9823:
9818:
9721:
9317:
9255:
9222:
9161:
9093:
8958:
8953:
8931:
8505:
7058:
5578:"Emerging wastewater contaminant metformin causes intersex and reduced fecundity in fish"
5234:
Schueler, Thomas R. "Cars Are Leading Source of Metal Loads in California." Reprinted in
4479:
4382:
4374:
4288:
4173:
3913:
minimum or maximum value for a pollutant), or "imprecise" which would require the use of
3544:
3520:
3314:
3129:
3098:
2715:
2649:
2510:
2442:
2194:
2049:
1502:
1149:
796:
741:
706:
632:
559:
509:
504:
489:
146:
68:
7965:
7671:
7600:
7474:
7327:
Dovjak, Mateja; Kukec, Andreja (2019), "Health Outcomes Related to Built Environments",
7260:
7176:
7050:
6995:
6882:
6740:
6677:
6627:
6582:
6330:
6245:
6181:
5703:
5660:
5593:
5375:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
5331:
5274:
5197:
5085:
Stormwater Effects Handbook: A Toolbox for Watershed Managers, Scientists, and Engineers
4754:
4700:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
3432:
hazards, which can increase the likelihood for one to develop cancer or other diseases.
12499:
12082:
11931:
11775:
11658:
11346:
11331:
11261:
11217:
11107:
10693:
10598:
10353:
9964:
9833:
9813:
9706:
9630:
9591:
9524:
9499:
9494:
9312:
9189:
8983:
8855:
8619:
8490:
8417:
8354:
7984:
7949:
7884:
7620:
7493:
7458:
7348:
7288:
7272:
7268:
7070:
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6902:
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6707:
6647:
6422:
6357:
6312:
5728:
5687:
5558:
5514:
5395:
5370:
5351:
5293:
5258:
5217:
5156:
5129:
4899:
4872:
4821:
4796:
4774:
4720:
4695:
4454:
4446:
4280:
4161:
3540:
3496:
3448:
3440:
3342:
3118:. Acid rain can have harmful effects on plants, aquatic ecosystems and infrastructure.
2377:
2355:
2268:
2183:
2079:
1935:
1919:
1751:
1693:
1689:
1546:
1515:
1145:
1128:
discharges, industrial activities, agricultural activities, and urban runoff including
1030:
791:
667:
429:
211:
151:
121:
50:
8325:
8106:"An Act Providing for a Comprehensive Water Quality Management And For Other Purposes"
7804:
5638:
5602:
5577:
5486:
5457:
5371:"Salt in freshwaters: causes, effects and prospects - introduction to the theme issue"
5205:
12991:
12661:
12656:
12584:
12533:
12307:
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12275:
12235:
12206:
12174:
12092:
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10782:
10688:
10661:
10508:
10458:
10394:
10348:
10236:
10221:
10004:
9944:
9746:
9519:
9379:
9199:
9108:
9076:
8993:
8946:
8873:
8845:
8614:
8609:
8407:
8283:
8136:"Testing the waters Priorities for mitigating health risks from wastewater pollution"
7989:
7900:
7890:
7861:
7820:
7810:
7785:
7683:
7624:
7612:
7552:
7498:
7352:
7340:
7292:
7280:
7213:
7205:
7188:
7126:
7094:
7062:
7009:
6953:
6943:
6894:
6813:
6803:
6752:
6699:
6694:
6639:
6594:
6553:
6543:
6504:
6459:
6426:
6401:
6362:
6344:
6292:
6282:
6257:
6212:
6202:
6119:
6086:
6016:
6006:
5776:
5733:
5715:
5642:
5607:
5550:
5506:
5438:
5400:
5343:
5298:
5221:
5209:
5161:
5093:
5055:
4981:
4971:
4932:
4904:
4793:"Environment Agency (archive) – Persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic PBT substances"
4766:
4725:
4676:
4656:
4601:
4557:
3492:
3425:
3363:
3266:
3239:
3140:
3016:
which results from a single source. Nonpoint source pollution generally results from
2890:
2864:
2789:
2785:
2490:
2484:
2430:
2301:
2280:
2229:
2159:
2140:
2119:
1848:
1783:
1232:
1157:
679:
602:
595:
549:
416:
206:
201:
111:
7608:
6906:
6764:
6685:
6651:
6590:
6253:
5355:
4778:
4762:
4672:
2509:. Thermal pollution, unlike chemical pollution, results in a change in the physical
1351:, they are fairly volatile and therefore not usually found in environmental waters).
1203:, and industrial waste products. Another is stressful conditions such as changes of
12826:
12579:
12538:
12350:
12325:
12137:
12067:
11911:
11663:
11653:
11648:
11638:
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11268:
11227:
11210:
11097:
10995:
10527:
10431:
10315:
10141:
9939:
9788:
9680:
9463:
9364:
9322:
9290:
9184:
9138:
9098:
9005:
8973:
8941:
8926:
8910:
8885:
8670:
8624:
8259:
7979:
7969:
7851:
7763:"United States and Ohio Reach Clean Water Act Settlement with City of Toledo, Ohio"
7675:
7604:
7544:
7488:
7478:
7412:
7402:
7332:
7264:
7180:
7054:
7021:
6999:
6934:
Kjellstrom T, Lodh M, McMichael T, Ranmuthugala G, Shrestha R, Kingsland S (2006).
6886:
6744:
6711:
6689:
6681:
6631:
6586:
6494:
6451:
6418:
6352:
6334:
6249:
5806:
5766:
5723:
5707:
5634:
5597:
5562:
5542:
5518:
5498:
5465:
5430:
5390:
5382:
5335:
5288:
5278:
5201:
5151:
5143:
4963:
4894:
4884:
4758:
4715:
4707:
4668:
4593:
4547:
4469:
4358:
4209:
4169:
4071:
3504:
3338:
3306:
3207:
2933:
2802:
2566:
2542:
2253:
2249:
2243:
2179:
2163:
2027:
1878:
1771:
1698:
1541:
1420:
1358:
1275:
1259:
1224:
1176:
939:
836:
776:
662:
615:
564:
524:
499:
484:
466:
441:
381:
266:
216:
77:
8244:
7074:
6748:
6384:
5820:
5434:
4299:
1963:. Human-induced salinization is termed as secondary salinization, with the use of
12887:
12589:
12392:
12385:
12320:
12260:
12142:
12132:
12062:
12035:
11975:
11965:
11916:
11582:
11503:
11433:
11285:
11251:
11137:
11027:
10676:
10642:
10576:
10373:
10358:
10103:
10037:
10027:
9976:
9798:
9327:
9203:
9088:
9042:
8968:
8895:
8815:
8718:
8660:
8515:
8265:
8208:
8190:
8153:"Reducing sewage in rivers and seas is public health priority, says Chris Whitty"
7207:
6920:
5927:
Progress on Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene: 2017 Update and SDG Baselines
5257:
Kaushal SS, Likens GE, Pace ML, Utz RM, Haq S, Gorman J, Grese M (January 2018).
5244:
5045:
5008:
4828:
4406:
4292:
4197:
4120:
3949:
2886:
2852:
2810:
2684:
2621:
2341:
2337:
2202:
2087:
2015:
1747:
1719:
1271:
1165:
684:
554:
519:
451:
391:
319:
256:
156:
11478:
7336:
7206:
Donat-P. Häder; E. Walter Helbling; Virginia E. Villafañe (September 30, 2021).
3563:
is widespread. About 90 percent of the water in the cities of China is polluted.
2362:
2209:
are moved from the ground where they were deposited into surface waters. Simple
12574:
12360:
12297:
12282:
12265:
12223:
12025:
11906:
11725:
11720:
11326:
11273:
11183:
11102:
11087:
11082:
11034:
10922:
10718:
10666:
10649:
10483:
10251:
9902:
9868:
9731:
9640:
9374:
9260:
9217:
9211:
9207:
9052:
9037:
8988:
8978:
8890:
8744:
8500:
8471:
7954:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
7871:
5976:
5968:
5263:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
4495:
4213:
4157:
4063:
4031:
during storm events can be addressed by timely maintenance and upgrades of the
3933:
3524:
3468:
3460:
3402:
3346:
3227:
3094:
3090:
3067:
3017:
2941:
2878:
2814:
2753:
2727:
2719:
2703:
2475:
2454:
2434:
2409:
2385:
2367:
2321:
2276:
2064:
2060:
1998:
1949:
1840:
1685:
1601:
1549:
of co-occurring pathogens that should take slightly less time to die or degrade
1344:
1296:
1247:
1192:
1161:
1042:
846:
746:
701:
694:
689:
446:
141:
38:
30:"DWEL" redirects here. For the radio station in Ilocos Norte, Philippines, see
8089:
6935:
6849:
6278:
Groundwater: Hydrogeochemistry, Environmental Impacts and Management Practices
6020:
5878:"Microplastics and Micropollutants in Water: Contaminants of Emerging Concern"
5546:
5502:
5339:
4985:
2466:
12975:
12882:
12761:
12569:
12543:
12420:
12380:
12345:
12335:
12315:
12057:
12015:
11990:
11938:
11926:
11921:
11830:
11587:
11448:
11290:
11127:
11017:
10974:
10755:
10632:
10518:
10468:
10332:
10176:
10156:
9793:
9751:
9701:
9625:
9394:
9295:
9081:
9010:
8782:
8530:
8394:
8187:"Minimising sewage in UK waters is a 'public health priority' – Chris Whitty"
8027:"Ch. 5: Description and Performance of Storm Water Best Management Practices"
7865:
7284:
7276:
7192:
6898:
6817:
6508:
6348:
6296:
6105:
5851:
5780:
5719:
5686:
Wilkinson, John L.; Boxall, Alistair B. A.; et al. (February 14, 2022).
5646:
4680:
4440:
4304:
4224:
4144:
4079:
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3565:
3476:
3452:
3383:
3262:
3041:
3005:
2868:
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2645:
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2421:
2389:
2305:
2148:
2144:
2107:
1911:
1552:
1384:
1133:
1089:
1025:
861:
351:
346:
341:
99:
7974:
7917:
Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation. Nashville, TN (2012).
7904:
7824:
7483:
7407:
7390:
6781:. Washington, DC: US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). October 7, 2020.
6557:
6339:
6216:
5711:
5283:
4276:
3989:
Municipal wastewater can be treated by centralized sewage treatment plants,
3401:
collected from pit latrines is dumped into a river at the Korogocho slum in
3182:
Common physical tests of water include temperature, Specific conductance or
2774:
Industrial processes that use water also produce wastewater. This is called
12902:
12330:
12179:
12169:
12147:
12077:
11970:
11884:
11643:
11572:
11463:
11092:
11050:
10826:
10777:
10713:
10569:
10473:
10240:
10120:
10086:
9878:
9696:
9415:
9389:
9369:
9193:
9156:
9120:
8756:
8703:
8579:
8535:
8520:
8449:
7993:
7687:
7616:
7517:"China says water pollution so severe that cities could lack safe supplies"
7502:
7417:
7066:
7013:
6957:
6756:
6703:
6643:
6598:
6366:
6261:
5737:
5611:
5554:
5510:
5442:
5404:
5386:
5347:
5302:
5213:
5165:
5065:
4908:
4889:
4770:
4729:
4711:
4655:
Schaffner, Monika; Bader, Hans-Peter; Scheidegger, Ruth (August 15, 2009).
4432:
4350:
4339:
4284:
4205:
3258:
3033:
2965:
2957:
2953:
2882:
2874:
2554:
2550:
2522:
2225:
2221:
2210:
2115:
1994:
1915:
1907:
1341:
1279:
1240:
1172:
894:
856:
841:
672:
637:
582:
301:
161:
7856:
7548:
6771:
6455:
4967:
4621:
4552:
4535:
3415:
2944:, but spills may also occur on land. Oil spills may be due to releases of
2380:
a form of water pollution, refers to contamination by excessive inputs of
2040:" and lists the most frequently detected and concentrated pharmaceuticals.
12897:
12594:
12292:
12201:
12164:
11188:
11132:
10954:
10932:
10927:
10794:
10671:
10637:
10625:
10513:
10436:
10181:
10151:
10076:
10066:
10032:
9994:
9949:
9691:
9352:
9347:
9032:
9027:
8998:
8963:
8936:
8466:
7163:
Karr JR (1981). "Assessment of biotic integrity using fish communities".
6537:
6196:
5624:
5184:
4386:
4378:
3500:
3322:
3298:
2977:
2973:
2929:
2738:
2677:
2633:
2597:
2518:
2498:
2413:
2206:
2158:
Microplastics persist in the environment at high levels, particularly in
1810:
1767:
1763:
1743:
1735:
1372:
1317:
1180:
1121:
1113:
816:
514:
494:
131:
11383:
8205:"Dozens of triathletes left severely ill after swimming in River Thames"
2529:
discharged to surface waters from rooftops, roads, and parking lots—and
2501:. Thermal pollution is the rise or drop in the temperature of a natural
1688:
are examples of pathogens that can be found in wastewater. In practice,
12523:
12245:
11295:
11112:
11070:
11012:
10981:
10620:
10552:
10490:
10463:
10426:
9863:
9716:
9529:
9146:
8461:
8454:
8437:
8422:
7773:
7147:
National Rivers and Streams Assessment 2008–2009: A Collaborative Study
6890:
6611:
6525:. Geneva: Stockholm Convention Secretariat. May 8, 2009. Press release.
6499:
6174:
5771:
5470:
4272:
4217:
4189:
4148:
4136:
4132:
3968:
3899:
View of secondary treatment reactors (activated sludge process) at the
3274:
3247:
3219:
3211:
3132:
and is another form of water pollution from atmospheric contributions.
3102:
3045:
2949:
2806:
2733:
2669:
2629:
2609:
2546:
2526:
2401:
2371:
2313:
2068:
2053:
2002:
1826:
1818:
1759:
1725:
1645:
1493:
1445:
1432:
1395:
1255:
1251:
1153:
1129:
866:
622:
126:
73:
10273:
8168:"Paddling in rivers this summer could make children ill, warns Whitty"
7740:
7679:
6635:
6156:
4009:
would prevent water pollution caused by lack of access to sanitation.
3981:
3334:
2228:
discharge into the seas, and although management of plastic waste and
12621:
12440:
12010:
11891:
11628:
11498:
11458:
11453:
11178:
11060:
10868:
10863:
10841:
10730:
10723:
10542:
10537:
10444:
10421:
10081:
10047:
9873:
9828:
9803:
9741:
9458:
9410:
9384:
9332:
9166:
9128:
8878:
8868:
8540:
8402:
8377:
8171:
7573:
World Water Development Report 2018: Nature-based Solutions for Water
6481:"Freshwater methamphetamine pollution turns brown trout into addicts"
6276:
6184:. Washington, D.C.: EPA. February 2003. Fact Sheet. EPA 841-F-03-003.
6164:"Brayton Point Station Power Plant, Somerset, MA: Final NPDES Permit"
5972:
5753:"Freshwater methamphetamine pollution turns brown trout into addicts"
5147:
5089:
4474:
4228:
3959:
at all levels (international down to individual aquifers and wells).
3495:, and other nutrient sources are released into the environment. Such
3444:
3379:
3318:
3251:
3243:
3191:
3111:
3086:
3053:
3009:
2981:
2945:
2937:
2926:
2922:
2915:
2861:
such as polyethylene and polypropylene beads, polyester and polyamide
2846:
2838:
2820:
2761:
2711:
2605:
2593:
2530:
2450:
2381:
2187:
1990:
1928:
1822:
1802:
1730:
1681:
1591:
1569:
1376:
1366:
1331:
1228:
1212:
1196:
1188:
1117:
1109:
934:
889:
851:
801:
736:
642:
106:
58:
10284:
8009:"Climate change and land use are accelerating soil erosion by water"
7004:
6979:
6093:. Silver Spring, MD: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
4870:
4842:"Endocrine Disruption Found in Fish Exposed to Municipal Wastewater"
3451:
of the ecosystem. Subsequent negative environmental effects such as
2764:
that has been found in drinking water. It appears not to biodegrade.
12487:
12240:
11874:
11844:
11305:
10873:
10799:
10740:
10735:
10683:
10593:
10564:
10557:
10547:
10478:
10452:
10448:
10440:
9649:
9103:
9047:
8708:
8557:
8525:
6933:
4366:
4343:
4196:
Sediment from construction sites can be managed by installation of
4084:
4032:
4017:
3475:
accumulate in a body of water, resulting in an increased growth of
3472:
3367:
3215:
3049:
3025:
2976:) and their by-products, heavier fuels used by large ships such as
2969:
2961:
2797:
2742:
2641:
2613:
2397:
2309:
2308:
is also a contributing factor by carrying off iron, carbonic acid,
2136:
2011:
1964:
1945:
1924:
1814:
1806:
1742:
The source of high levels of pathogens in water bodies can be from
1641:
1584:
1488:
1481:
1220:
1216:
306:
85:
7104:
5128:
Johnson MS, Buck RC, Cousins IT, Weis CP, Fenton SE (March 2021).
2102:
1987:
environmental effect of pharmaceuticals and personal care products
1979:
Environmental impact of pharmaceuticals and personal care products
37:"Clean water" redirects here. For a water that safe to drink, see
12159:
11567:
11562:
11493:
11438:
11173:
10969:
10964:
10910:
10816:
10745:
10588:
10389:
9064:
8567:
8545:
8432:
8427:
8076:
7918:
4877:
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
4426:
4357:
in the 19th century in the country following improvements to the
4354:
4185:
4096:
3398:
3371:
3270:
3235:
3223:
3175:
3071:
2828:
2707:
2514:
2417:
2316:
or dust particles into the ocean. The pollution often comes from
2132:
2030:
but require a fourth treatment stage which not many plants have.
1901:
1874:
1836:
1611:
1519:
1508:
1354:
1327:
1236:
1105:
31:
11799:
8088:
New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. Trenton, NJ.
7889:. E. Joe Middlebrooks, Ronald W. Crites. New York: McGraw-Hill.
7743:. Washington, DC: District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority
6664:
6058:
2687:(CWA) defines point source for regulatory enforcement purposes (
12454:
11022:
10987:
10811:
10767:
10615:
10413:
9468:
9448:
9342:
9017:
8510:
5926:
5531:
5484:
4362:
4271:
in Australia and the Middle East - such as the installation of
4165:
4140:
3484:
3480:
3375:
3037:
2842:
2834:
2538:
2513:. A common cause of thermal pollution is the use of water as a
2493:, sometimes called "thermal enrichment", is the degradation of
2425:
2329:
2325:
2297:
2217:
2135:
into the environment, wind carrying municipal solid waste from
1755:
1659:
1438:
1140:. This form of pollution can lead to many problems. One is the
1125:
944:
924:
831:
821:
529:
7807:
Metcalf & Eddy Wastewater engineering: treatment and reuse
7782:
Metcalf & Eddy Wastewater Engineering: treatment and reuse
5368:
4172:
before disposal by spray or trickle application to grassland.
1545:, may not be pathogenic in and of themselves, but are used as
12616:
11055:
10895:
10821:
10608:
10058:
9999:
9984:
9925:
9478:
9420:
8761:
8693:
8591:
8483:
7870:
Text was copied from this source, which is available under a
7459:"Phosphorus control is critical to mitigating eutrophication"
4308:
4201:
4180:
4088:
3420:
A study published in 2017 stated that "polluted water spread
3169:
Regulation and monitoring of pollution § Water pollution
3124:
have increased since the 1850s due anthropogenic influences (
2673:
2405:
2393:
2293:
2284:
2272:
2264:
2143:
pollution– large visible items polluting the water– but also
1889:
1882:
1795:
1101:
1097:
954:
899:
291:
8346:
7091:
Standard Methods For the Examination of Water and Wastewater
6936:"Air and Water Pollution: Burden and Strategies for Control"
5315:
4176:
are sometimes used to facilitate treatment of animal wastes.
3955:
Water pollution requires ongoing evaluation and revision of
3077:
12742:
Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety
12548:
11000:
10856:
10851:
10831:
10705:
10656:
10500:
9453:
8574:
8562:
8478:
8075:
California Stormwater Quality Association. Menlo Park, CA.
7950:"Effect of deforestation on access to clean drinking water"
7245:"Turbidity, Suspended Sediment and Water Clarity: A Review"
7185:
10.1577/1548-8446(1981)006<0021:AOBIUF>2.0.CO;2
6309:
3972:
3388:
3231:
2824:
2793:
2091:
1941:
1607:
1093:
929:
176:
171:
136:
8055:"Low Impact Development and Other Green Design Strategies"
7779:
7655:
7199:
7088:
6535:
5369:
Cañedo-Argüelles M, Kefford B, Schäfer R (December 2018).
5177:
5175:
4400:
Water pollution in the United States § Current regulations
2199:
Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation
10959:
10603:
9989:
8226:
8090:"New Jersey Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual."
7934:
7726:
7642:
6853:
6835:
6724:
5661:"Pharmaceuticals in rivers threaten world health - study"
5259:"Freshwater salinization syndrome on a continental scale"
5247:
2000. Center for Watershed Protection. Ellicott City, MD.
5025:
5011:
2000. Center for Watershed Protection. Ellicott City, MD.
4915:
4654:
4016:
in sewage. Some plants have additional systems to remove
3435:
2252:
occurs when substances used or spread by humans, such as
9894:
5941:"Half of plastic trash in oceans comes from 5 countries"
5875:
5022:
Report to Congress: Impacts and Control of CSOs and SSOs
4234:
3409:
3110:, but nitrogen oxides can also be produced naturally by
2692:
United States regulation of point source water pollution
1948:) in runoff from construction sites or sewage, logging,
1307:
7391:"What Is the Nitrogen Cycle and Why Is It Key to Life?"
7365:"Nutrients and Eutrophication | U.S. Geological Survey"
7357:
7315:"Study links pollution to millions of deaths worldwide"
6379:
United States. Clean Water Act (CWA), section 502(14),
6201:(Rev. 2nd ed.). New Delhi: New Age International.
6087:"What is the biggest source of pollution in the ocean?"
5172:
3302:
3199:
1314:
Waterborne diseases § Diseases by type of pathogen
1204:
1179:. Point sources have one identifiable cause, such as a
8077:"Stormwater Best Management Practice (BMP) Handbooks."
7872:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
7331:, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 43–82,
7236:
7034:
5491:
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
5127:
8019:
7765:. EPA. August 28, 2002. Press release. Archived from
5967:
4742:
3936:
and management plans. The infrastructure may include
2827:, grit, metal particles, rubber residues from tires,
1794:
Organic substances that enter water bodies are often
1733:
and other viruses, and parasitic worms including the
1191:. Non-point sources are more diffuse. An example is
7840:"Wastewater Characteristics, Treatment and Disposal"
5994:
5256:
5077:
5075:
4536:"Wastewater Characteristics, Treatment and Disposal"
4422:
4103:
3503:
and bacterial growth, resulting in the depletion of
2592:(also called groundwater contamination) occurs when
2193:
Globally, about 4.5 billion people do not have
8006:
7584:
7249:
Journal of the American Water Resources Association
7243:Davies-Colley, R. J.; Smith, D. G. (October 2001).
7093:(21 ed.). American Public Health Association.
6779:"Basic Information about Nonpoint Source Pollution"
6229:
3186:(EC) or conductivity, solids concentrations (e.g.,
3135:
2596:are released to the ground and make their way into
2173:
8251:
8033:
7937:. February 2012. BMP fact sheet. EPA 833-F-11-006.
7919:"Tennessee Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook."
7886:Natural systems for waste management and treatment
7242:
6940:Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries
6824:
6570:
4831:. Planetearth.nerc.ac.uk. Retrieved on 2012-12-19.
4042:
3962:
2988:
2147:pollution that is not directly visible. The terms
2046:Environmental persistent pharmaceutical pollutants
2020:environmental persistent pharmaceutical pollutants
1347:(whilst these chemicals can be a pollutant in the
7639:Primer for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Systems
7532:
7530:
6980:"Oceanography: anthropogenic carbon and ocean pH"
6838:. September 2001. pp. 3–7. EPA 453/R-01-009.
5181:
5072:
12973:
8223:"What's the problem with swimming in the Seine?"
7433:"Cultural eutrophication | ecology | Britannica"
5821:"Development solutions: Building a better ocean"
5688:"Pharmaceutical pollution of the world's rivers"
5362:
3932:Control of water pollution requires appropriate
3471:is a general term describing a process in which
3362:because it can result in the degradation of all
2569:is a form of water pollution as well. It causes
2155:are used in the context of pollution of oceans.
1897:Inorganic water pollutants include for example:
1246:Control of water pollution requires appropriate
8100:
8098:
8059:National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
8043:(Report). EPA. February 2003. EPA 841-F-03-003.
7933:(Report). Stormwater Best Management Practice.
7780:Tchobanoglous G, Burton FL, Stensel HD (2003).
7708:. New York, NY: Manhattan Institute. p. 7.
7463:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
6977:
6832:Frequently Asked Questions About Air Deposition
6318:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
5692:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
5685:
5039:
5037:
5035:
4585:Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology
4460:Environmental impact of pesticides § Water
3907:
3901:Blue Plains Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant
3122:Carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere
2660:
2644:. Using polluted groundwater causes hazards to
2608:. Groundwater pollution can occur from on-site
2412:from farm fields and pastures, discharges from
2186:refers to contamination by excessive inputs of
1152:when people use polluted water for drinking or
7947:
7527:
5963:
5961:
5876:European Investment Bank (February 27, 2023).
4581:
4529:
4527:
4525:
4523:
4521:
4519:
4517:
4515:
4513:
4511:
3595:
2408:growth. Sources of nutrient pollution include
11815:
11399:
10300:
9910:
9665:
8362:
7209:Anthropogenic Pollution of Aquatic Ecosystems
6866:
6168:United States Environmental Protection Agency
6059:Duce, Robert; Galloway, J.; Liss, P. (2009).
5792:
5790:
5575:
5250:
5123:
5121:
5081:
4577:
4575:
4573:
4251:best management practices for water pollution
3581:
3153:Water quality § Sampling and measurement
1967:road salts as the most common form of runoff.
1959:is the process of salty runoff contaminating
1326:Various chemical compounds found in personal
1250:and management plans as well as legislation.
1211:or anoxia, increased temperatures, excessive
1062:
8095:
7837:
7543:(5th ed.). Royal Society of Chemistry.
7152:(Report). EPA. March 2016. EPA 841/R-16/007.
6718:
6658:
6605:
6564:
6198:Water pollution: causes, effects and control
6182:"Protecting Water Quality from Urban Runoff"
5032:
4533:
2648:through poisoning or the spread of disease (
2474:in Massachusetts discharged heated water to
2197:as of 2017, according to an estimate by the
1971:
6539:Wastewater engineering: treatment and reuse
5958:
5799:"MDMA Gangs Are Literally Polluting Europe"
4508:
3114:strikes and sulphur dioxide is produced by
3036:areas draining into a river, or wind-borne
2097:
12777:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
11822:
11808:
11406:
11392:
10307:
10293:
9917:
9903:
9672:
9658:
8369:
8355:
8041:Protecting Water Quality from Urban Runoff
7784:(4th ed.). McGraw-Hill Book Company.
7536:
7329:Creating Healthy and Sustainable Buildings
6445:
6118:. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers.
5921:
5919:
5796:
5787:
5118:
4570:
4181:Management of erosion and sediment control
3940:, for example sewage treatment plants and
3588:
3574:
3044:affects air quality, from sources such as
2936:, due to human activity, and is a form of
2497:by any process that changes ambient water
2340:, atmospheric pollution and, potentially,
1069:
1055:
67:
12737:Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
12727:Center for Disease Control and Prevention
11413:
8141:. Royal Academy of Engineering. May 2024.
7983:
7973:
7855:
7492:
7482:
7456:
7416:
7406:
7116:
7114:
7003:
6978:Caldeira K, Wickett ME (September 2003).
6973:
6971:
6693:
6498:
6356:
6338:
5770:
5727:
5601:
5469:
5394:
5292:
5282:
5155:
4898:
4888:
4719:
4630:Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
4551:
4131:that may be contaminated by chemicals in
3078:Atmospheric contributions (air pollution)
2213:may also get flooded during rain events.
1865:
1597:Reduction of oxygen transfer (detergents)
1365:methods) and synthetic materials such as
6000:
5576:Niemuth NJ, Klaper RD (September 2015).
5420:
4951:
4298:
4242:Urban runoff § Prevention and mitigation
4184:
3980:
3894:
3890:
3393:
3333:
3139:
2752:
2748:
2732:
2576:
2465:
2361:
2101:
1888:
1869:
1394:
12782:Health departments in the United States
9510:Pollutant release and transfer register
8184:
8007:University of Basel (August 24, 2020).
7312:
6791:
6515:
6274:
6111:
6039:Education | National Geographic Society
6003:World seas: an Environmental Evaluation
5916:
5844:
5319:Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
5047:Aquatic Pollution: An Introductory Text
4955:Pollution: Causes, effects, and control
4952:Harrison RM (2013). Harrison RM (ed.).
4687:
4636:from the original on September 18, 2021
4598:10.1002/0471238961.1615121205031105.a01
4369:in shallow rivers during warm weather.
4255:Pollution prevention practices include
2737:A polluted river draining an abandoned
2628:(fracking) or from over application of
2560:
2026:. They are not removed in conventional
1835:, such as improperly stored industrial
1817:) and lubricants (motor oil), and fuel
1786:(poorly managed livestock operations).
14:
12974:
12787:Council on Education for Public Health
8116:from the original on 21 September 2016
7659:Environmental Science & Technology
7540:Pollution: Causes, Effects and Control
7120:
7111:
6968:
6615:Environmental Science & Technology
6478:
6412:
5938:
5750:
5135:Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
5014:
4626:Environmental Health Education Program
4168:are usually treated by containment in
4123:agenda for controlling pollution from
3515:
3436:Eutrophication from nitrogen pollution
3194:. Water samples may be examined using
2453:, nitrogen saturation in forests, and
2396:), in which excess nutrients, usually
1171:Sources of water pollution are either
12845:Professional degrees of public health
12752:Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
11803:
11387:
10314:
10288:
9898:
9653:
8350:
7809:(4th ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill.
7703:"Wasted: How to Fix America's Sewers"
7645:. 2004. p. 11. EPA 832-R-04-001.
7388:
6542:(4th ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill.
6413:Scholz M (2016). "Sewage Treatment".
5871:
5869:
5455:
5237:The Practice of Watershed Protection.
5001:The Practice of Watershed Protection.
4279:). Runoff mitigation systems include
4235:Control of urban runoff (storm water)
4156:. Where land is available for ponds,
4074:. Most industrial processes, such as
3919:Best practicable environmental option
3569:
3410:Public health and waterborne diseases
2980:, or the spill of any oily refuse or
2932:into the environment, especially the
2537:Elevated water temperatures decrease
2348:
1308:Contaminants with an origin in sewage
1223:is another. Contaminants may include
12942:
12835:Bachelor of Science in Public Health
11758:
10258:
9854:Shutdown of thermohaline circulation
9679:
9600:
8841:Electromagnetic radiation and health
7948:Mapulanga AM, Naito H (April 2019).
7882:
7700:
7588:The Science of the Total Environment
7162:
7156:
7059:10.1146/annurev.marine.010908.163834
6964:from the original on August 7, 2020.
6669:The Science of the Total Environment
6574:The Science of the Total Environment
6439:
6415:Wetlands for Water Pollution Control
6194:
5043:
4746:The Science of the Total Environment
4693:
4326:management plays a particular role.
3977:Water issues in developing countries
3929:, the impacts of chemical mixtures.
3040:blowing out to sea. Nonpoint source
2461:
2205:: during rain events or floods, the
1789:
1132:. Water pollution may affect either
12954:
12103:Workers' right to access the toilet
11944:Human right to water and sanitation
11782:
9616:
9608:
8699:Radium and radon in the environment
8165:
7139:
5939:Ferris, Robert (January 13, 2016).
5423:Journal of Environmental Management
4542:. Biological Wastewater Treatment.
4482:(water quality indicator for lakes)
4269:Water-Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD)
4265:Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS)
2902:per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances
2896:Some industrial discharges include
2236:
1856:Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances
1282:(including stormwater management).
1156:. Water pollution also reduces the
297:Radium and radon in the environment
24:
9963:
8256:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
7565:
7269:10.1111/j.1752-1688.2001.tb03624.x
6927:
6842:
6423:10.1016/B978-0-444-63607-2.00003-4
5866:
5813:
5082:Burton Jr GA, Pitt R (2001). "2".
4007:safely managed sanitation services
3358:Water pollution is a major global
3349:, is a common cause of fish kills.
3004:(NPS) pollution refers to diffuse
2304:are more vulnerable to pollution.
25:
13023:
12376:Commercial determinants of health
11829:
8305:
5603:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.03.060
5206:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127340
4349:After the release of the report,
4329:
4117:Agricultural wastewater treatment
4111:Agricultural wastewater treatment
4104:Agricultural wastewater treatment
4058:describes the processes used for
3946:Agricultural wastewater treatment
3507:in water and causing substantial
3283:Water quality § Sample collection
2300:or the atmosphere, it means that
2224:account for around 16% of global
1993:reasons and the products used by
1952:practices or land clearing sites.
1564:Non-biodegradable organic matter
1415:Possible effect of the pollutant
1379:, often from agricultural runoff.
12953:
12941:
12930:
12929:
11959:National public health institute
11781:
11769:
11757:
11739:
11738:
11477:
11368:
11367:
10268:
10257:
10247:
10246:
10235:
9727:Environmental impact of shipping
9634:
9624:
9615:
9607:
9599:
9587:
9586:
8291:"History of the Clean Water Act"
8273:"Summary of the Clean Water Act"
8239:United States. Clean Water Act.
8233:
8215:
8197:
8178:
8159:
8145:
8128:
8082:
8069:
8047:
8000:
7941:
6870:Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry
6281:. Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
5845:Resnick B (September 19, 2018).
5028:. August 2004. EPA 833-R-04-001.
4696:"Water pollution by agriculture"
4661:Science of the Total Environment
4486:VOC contamination of groundwater
4465:Human impacts on the environment
4439:
4425:
4412:Clean Water State Revolving Fund
4398:This section is an excerpt from
4392:
4303:Share of water bodies with good
4240:This section is an excerpt from
4192:installed on a construction site
4109:This section is an excerpt from
4048:This section is an excerpt from
3991:decentralized wastewater systems
3539:Water pollution is a problem in
3459:This section is an excerpt from
3447:to an extent that increases the
3315:oxygen reduction potential (ORP)
3281:This section is an excerpt from
3136:Sampling, measurements, analysis
2994:This section is an excerpt from
2914:This section is an excerpt from
2582:This section is an excerpt from
2483:This section is an excerpt from
2354:This section is an excerpt from
2242:This section is an excerpt from
2174:Types of surface water pollution
2106:Solid waste and plastics in the
1977:This section is an excerpt from
1893:Muddy river polluted by sediment
1254:solutions can include improving
1036:
1024:
12356:Open-source healthcare software
12098:Sociology of health and illness
11716:Human impact on the environment
8413:Atmospheric dispersion modeling
8341:Tackling global water pollution
7923:
7911:
7876:
7831:
7798:
7755:
7733:
7712:
7694:
7649:
7631:
7609:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142733
7578:
7509:
7450:
7425:
7382:
7321:
7306:
7103:. Also available on CD-ROM and
7081:
7038:Annual Review of Marine Science
7028:
6913:
6860:
6785:
6686:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.130
6591:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.023
6529:
6486:Journal of Experimental Biology
6472:
6406:
6390:
6373:
6303:
6275:Adelana, Segun Michael (2014).
6268:
6254:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.01.010
6223:
6188:
6132:
6079:
6052:
6027:
6001:Sheppard, Charles, ed. (2019).
5932:
5891:
5838:
5797:De Lorenzo, D (June 18, 2021).
5758:Journal of Experimental Biology
5744:
5618:
5569:
5525:
5478:
5309:
5228:
4992:
4958:(5th ed.). Cambridge, UK:
4945:
4864:
4763:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.391
4673:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.05.007
4056:Industrial wastewater treatment
4050:Industrial wastewater treatment
4043:Industrial wastewater treatment
4001:and septic tanks. For example,
3963:Sanitation and sewage treatment
3070:from farm fields, pastures and
2989:Pollution from nonpoint sources
2770:Industrial wastewater treatment
2541:levels (due to lower levels of
2292:come from land, either via the
1931:, from sewage and agriculture (
1805:hydrocarbons, including fuels (
1782:(CSOs) during storm events and
1514:Illnesses in new-born infants (
1302:
1264:industrial wastewater treatment
117:Atmospheric dispersion modeling
12717:Caribbean Public Health Agency
12529:Sexually transmitted infection
12426:Statistical hypothesis testing
12187:Occupational safety and health
12088:Sexual and reproductive health
12001:Occupational safety and health
11624:Public transport encouragement
7313:Kelland K (October 19, 2017).
7212:. Springer Nature. p. 1.
6728:Journal of Hazardous Materials
4834:
4815:
4785:
4736:
4648:
4614:
4320:
4315:
3479:that may deplete the water of
3061:
2521:and industrial manufacturers.
2139:and so forth. This results in
1651:Toxicity to plants (some ions)
1412:Main representative parameter
1404:Pollutants and their effects*
1243:and industrial manufacturers.
1231:substances. A common cause of
986:Least polluted cities by PM2.5
13:
1:
12371:Social determinants of health
10137:Extraterrestrial liquid water
8901:Electrical resistance heating
8376:
7701:Renn AM (February 25, 2016).
6749:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.12.081
6112:Walters, Arlene, ed. (2016).
5639:10.1016/S0166-445X(98)00112-X
5435:10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.07.049
5050:(4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ:
4534:Von Sperling, Marcos (2007).
4501:
3550:
3534:
3353:
3230:), metals (including copper,
3126:emissions of greenhouse gases
2908:
2898:persistent organic pollutants
2805:matter and nutrients such as
2553:, and foster invasion by new
2366:Nutrient pollution caused by
2024:persistent organic pollutants
1860:persistent organic pollutants
1457:Biodegradable organic matter
1285:
1201:persistent organic pollutants
457:Electrical resistance heating
27:Contamination of water bodies
12431:Analysis of variance (ANOVA)
12192:Human factors and ergonomics
10333:Pollution / quality
8553:Persistent organic pollutant
8331:Resources in other libraries
8262:. Approved October 18, 1972.
7123:Chemistry of the Environment
6942:(2nd ed.). World Bank.
4346:, such as rivers and lakes.
4336:Royal Academy of Engineering
4257:low impact development (LID)
3908:Pollution control philosophy
3147:preparing water autosamplers
2871:and industrial manufacturers
2758:Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid
2666:Point source water pollution
2661:Pollution from point sources
2565:The introduction of aquatic
2549:composition, reduce species
2048:, which can include various
2038:pharmaceutical manufacturing
2022:(EPPPs) and are one type of
1774:without disinfection steps,
1675:
167:Persistent organic pollutant
7:
12612:Good manufacturing practice
12416:Randomized controlled trial
11614:Natural resource management
9737:Fish diseases and parasites
9563:Least polluted cities by PM
8061:. EPA. 2014. Archived from
7729:. March 2014. 832-R-14-001.
7337:10.1007/978-3-030-19412-3_2
6446:Nesaratnam ST, ed. (2014).
6091:National Ocean Service (US)
4418:
3938:wastewater treatment plants
3257:The use of a biomonitor or
3161:Analysis of water chemistry
2925:is the release of a liquid
2809:: Certain industries (e.g.
2618:wastewater treatment plants
2472:Brayton Point Power Station
2384:. It is a primary cause of
1621:Inorganic dissolved solids
10:
13028:
12682:Theory of planned behavior
12607:Good agricultural practice
12512:Public health surveillance
12404:epidemiological statistics
12048:Public health intervention
9505:Pollution haven hypothesis
9428:Brain health and pollution
8666:Ecological light pollution
8496:Internal combustion engine
8343:– UN Environment Programme
7883:Reed, Sherwood C. (1988).
4960:Royal Society of Chemistry
4927:(third ed.). Geneva:
4582:Eckenfelder Jr WW (2000).
4491:Water resources management
4397:
4239:
4108:
4093:volatile organic compounds
4047:
3966:
3596:Water pollution by country
3458:
3416:WASH § Health aspects
3413:
3329:
3280:
3150:
3089:is caused by emissions of
2993:
2966:refined petroleum products
2913:
2767:
2581:
2482:
2353:
2241:
2182:which affects the oceans.
2113:
1976:
1904:from food processing waste
1839:. Problematic species are
1833:Volatile organic compounds
1349:water distribution network
1311:
1185:wastewater treatment plant
1088:) is the contamination of
36:
29:
13002:Water and the environment
12925:
12860:
12819:
12804:World Toilet Organization
12799:World Health Organization
12706:
12695:
12632:
12557:
12473:
12401:
12366:Public health informatics
12306:
12111:
12073:Right to rest and leisure
11902:Globalization and disease
11837:
11734:
11708:
11672:
11596:
11526:Environmental engineering
11486:
11475:
11421:
11363:
11304:
11169:
11162:
11043:
10904:Types / location
10903:
10894:
10704:
10499:
10412:
10382:
10331:
10322:
10230:
10197:
10129:
10056:
10015:
9975:
9961:
9932:
9924:
9809:Nonpoint source pollution
9687:
9584:
9538:
9487:
9436:
9403:
9308:Nonpoint source pollution
9236:
9228:War and environmental law
9175:
9137:
9119:
8919:
8854:
8791:
8717:
8686:
8651:
8635:
8600:
8587:Volatile organic compound
8393:
8384:
8326:Resources in your library
7844:Water Intelligence Online
7838:Von Sperling, M. (2007).
7457:Carpenter, S. R. (2008).
7395:Frontiers for Young Minds
7389:Aczel, Miriam R. (2019).
6695:10067/1345920151162165141
6396:U.S. CWA section 402(p),
6233:Marine Pollution Bulletin
5547:10.1007/s10646-013-1161-y
5503:10.1007/s00244-015-0227-7
5340:10.1007/s10661-018-6802-4
4929:World Health Organization
4540:Water Intelligence Online
4087:or into rivers, lakes or
4003:waste stabilization ponds
3927:life-cycle considerations
3915:Best available technology
3601:
3509:environmental degradation
3422:gastrointestinal diseases
3242:), oil and grease, total
2996:Nonpoint source pollution
2697:
2620:, leaking sewers, petrol
2195:safely managed sanitation
2116:Sewage § Solid waste
1972:Pharmaceutical pollutants
1708:Burkholderia pseudomallei
1668:
1235:is the use of water as a
712:War and environmental law
332:Health effects from noise
182:Volatile organic compound
12850:Schools of public health
12642:Diffusion of innovations
12341:Health impact assessment
12053:Public health laboratory
11949:Management of depression
11609:Environmental technology
11558:Environmental toxicology
11553:Environmental statistics
11548:Environmental humanities
9844:Plastic pellet pollution
8767:Marine mammals and sonar
8678:Radio spectrum pollution
5825:European Investment Bank
5007:January 8, 2013, at the
4694:Moss B (February 2008).
4023:greenhouse gas emissions
3999:onsite sewage facilities
3557:water pollution in India
3157:Environmental monitoring
3145:Environmental scientists
2728:combined sewer overflows
2724:sanitary sewer overflows
2657:purity of those waters.
2616:leachate, effluent from
2153:marine plastic pollution
2124:Marine plastic pollution
2098:Solid waste and plastics
1916:urban storm water runoff
1845:polychlorinated biphenyl
1780:combined sewer overflows
1776:sanitary sewer overflows
1526:Pollution of groundwater
1461:Biological oxygen demand
1338:Disinfection by-products
337:Marine mammals and sonar
12913:Social hygiene movement
12840:Doctor of Public Health
12672:Social cognitive theory
12474:Infectious and epidemic
12256:Fecal–oral transmission
11521:Environmental economics
11444:Environmental chemistry
9712:Cultural eutrophication
9613:WikiProject Environment
9571:Most polluted countries
9515:Polluter pays principle
9246:Agricultural wastewater
7975:10.1073/pnas.1814970116
7484:10.1073/pnas.0806112105
7408:10.3389/frym.2019.00041
6800:Nova Science Publishers
6792:Walters A, ed. (2016).
6448:Water Pollution Control
6340:10.1073/pnas.2024492118
5971:; Samborska, Veronika;
5712:10.1073/pnas.2113947119
5284:10.1073/pnas.1711234115
5243:March 12, 2012, at the
4827:April 27, 2015, at the
4095:) or nutrients such as
4072:sewage treatment plants
3531:) from the atmosphere.
3097:, which react with the
2964:, as well as spills of
2084:wastewater epidemiology
2028:sewage treatment plants
1957:Freshwater salinization
1772:sewage treatment plants
1644:– harm to plantations (
1450:Protection of pathogens
1361:and residue from human
1318:Sewage § Pathogens
1219:). The introduction of
1148:. Another is spreading
812:Freshwater salinization
732:Agricultural wastewater
12908:Germ theory of disease
12687:Transtheoretical model
11578:Sustainability science
10147:Planetary oceanography
9969:
9849:Point source pollution
9631:Environment portal
8864:Agricultural pollution
8295:Laws & Regulations
8277:Laws & Regulations
8185:Speare-Cole, Rebecca.
7741:"Clean Rivers Project"
6923:. EPA. April 24, 2022.
6921:"Effects of Acid Rain"
5925:WHO and UNICEF (2017)
5387:10.1098/rstb.2018.0002
4890:10.3390/ijerph20021054
4749:. 637–638: 1607–1616.
4712:10.1098/rstb.2007.2176
4312:
4295:, and similar devices.
4263:techniques - known as
4193:
3995:nature-based solutions
3986:
3904:
3406:
3350:
3273:and other small water
3204:chemical oxygen demand
3188:total suspended solids
3184:electrical conductance
3165:Water sampling station
3148:
3022:atmospheric deposition
3014:point source pollution
2765:
2745:
2479:
2375:
2233:continue to increase.
2111:
1894:
1886:
1866:Inorganic contaminants
1714:Cryptosporidium parvum
1627:Total dissolved solids
1503:Excessive algae growth
1426:Total suspended solids
1400:
1363:hormonal contraception
1031:Environment portal
12997:Environmental science
12792:Public Health Service
12677:Social norms approach
12667:PRECEDE–PROCEED model
12113:Preventive healthcare
12006:Pharmaceutical policy
11855:Chief Medical Officer
11543:Environmental studies
11415:Environmental science
9967:
9286:Industrial wastewater
9152:Clutter (advertising)
9060:Municipal solid waste
8906:Soil guideline values
8750:Sustainable transport
8643:Information pollution
8443:Open burning of waste
8297:. EPA. June 12, 2024.
8279:. EPA. June 12, 2024.
8065:on February 19, 2015.
7857:10.2166/9781780402086
7575:, Geneva, Switzerland
7549:10.1039/9781782626527
6456:10.1002/9781118863831
6152:on February 19, 2013.
5052:John Wiley & Sons
4968:10.1039/9781782626527
4590:John Wiley & Sons
4553:10.2166/9781780402086
4302:
4188:
4154:industrial wastewater
3984:
3967:Further information:
3957:water resource policy
3942:industrial wastewater
3898:
3891:Control and reduction
3489:industrial wastewater
3414:Further information:
3397:
3391:of some fish species.
3360:environmental problem
3337:
3263:biological monitoring
3151:Further information:
3143:
2776:industrial wastewater
2768:Further information:
2756:
2749:Industrial wastewater
2736:
2590:Groundwater pollution
2584:Groundwater pollution
2577:Groundwater pollution
2469:
2424:from combustion. Raw
2365:
2320:such as agricultural
2289:marine transportation
2114:Further information:
2105:
1961:freshwater ecosystems
1892:
1873:
1784:intensive agriculture
1398:
1312:Further information:
772:Industrial wastewater
540:Municipal solid waste
462:Soil guideline values
12868:Sara Josephine Baker
12767:Public Health Agency
12652:Health communication
12517:Disease surveillance
12483:Asymptomatic carrier
12465:Statistical software
12153:Preventive nutrition
11981:Medical anthropology
11870:Environmental health
11531:Environmental health
11516:Environmental design
11511:Ecological economics
11279:remnant natural area
10916:storage and recovery
10582:habitat conservation
10400:Deforestation (REDD)
10210:Ocean stratification
10043:Doubly labeled water
9859:Silver nanoparticles
9558:Most polluted cities
9251:Biological pollution
9162:Overhead power lines
7769:on January 13, 2016.
6850:"What is Acid Rain?"
6170:(EPA). May 21, 2021.
6067:on December 18, 2023
5462:NOAA Central Library
4846:US Geological Survey
4289:constructed wetlands
4261:green infrastructure
4174:Constructed wetlands
4127:operations and from
4076:petroleum refineries
4037:green infrastructure
3541:developing countries
3449:primary productivity
3430:environmental health
3426:parasitic infections
3246:hydrocarbons (TPH),
3196:analytical chemistry
2716:pharmaceutical drugs
2650:water-borne diseases
2626:hydraulic fracturing
2571:biological pollution
2561:Biological pollution
2443:harmful algal blooms
2050:pharmaceutical drugs
1559:Waterborne diseases
1340:found in chemically
1268:wastewater treatment
1221:pathogenic organisms
1150:water-borne diseases
981:Most polluted cities
633:Overhead power lines
90:Calexico, California
12878:Carl Rogers Darnall
12873:Samuel Jay Crumbine
12647:Health belief model
12500:Notifiable diseases
12436:Regression analysis
12271:Waterborne diseases
11860:Cultural competence
11700:Environment by year
11690:Research institutes
11604:Energy conservation
11429:Atmospheric science
11233:Earth Overshoot Day
10807:Marine conservation
10788:non-timber products
10215:Lake stratification
10198:Physical parameters
9824:Ocean deoxygenation
9819:Ocean acidification
9621:WikiProject Ecology
9318:Ocean acidification
9223:Unexploded ordnance
9094:Post-consumer waste
8954:Foam food container
8932:Biodegradable waste
8506:Global distillation
8110:The LawPhil Project
7966:2019PNAS..116.8249M
7672:2007EnST...41.5085J
7601:2021ScTEn.76542733W
7475:2008PNAS..10511039C
7469:(32): 11039–11040.
7261:2001JAWRA..37.1085D
7177:1981Fish....6f..21K
7125:. Checkmark Books.
7051:2009ARMS....1..169D
6996:2001AGUFMOS11C0385C
6883:1990JAtC...10...83S
6741:2019JHzM..367..504G
6678:2016ScTEn.563..633G
6672:. 563–564: 633–40.
6628:2013EnST...47.1824B
6583:2015ScTEn.524...81A
6331:2021PNAS..11824492H
6325:(20): e2024492118.
6246:2007MarPB..55..379O
5977:"Plastic Pollution"
5704:2022PNAS..11913947W
5667:. February 15, 2022
5594:2015Chmsp.135...38N
5332:2018EMnAs.190..523E
5275:2018PNAS..115E.574K
5198:2020Chmsp.25827340S
5092:/Lewis Publishers.
4852:on October 15, 2011
4755:2018ScTEn.637.1607A
4480:Trophic state index
4383:2024 Paris Olympics
4375:open water swimming
4281:infiltration basins
4162:facultative lagoons
4060:treating wastewater
3545:developed countries
3521:Ocean acidification
3516:Ocean acidification
3130:ocean acidification
2760:(PFOS) is a global
2511:properties of water
2392:(lakes, rivers and
2378:Nutrient pollution,
2374:during a rain storm
2312:, silicon, sulfur,
2302:continental shelves
2014:, persistence, and
1851:, a common solvent.
1694:bacterial indicator
1690:indicator organisms
1680:Bacteria, viruses,
1539:Coliforms, such as
1405:
1193:agricultural runoff
797:Ocean acidification
707:Unexploded ordnance
628:Advertising clutter
560:Post-consumer waste
505:Foam food container
490:Biodegradable waste
147:Global distillation
18:Water contamination
12476:disease prevention
12411:Case–control study
12083:Security of person
11932:Health care reform
11776:Environment portal
11659:Water purification
11218:Ecosystem services
10341:Ambient standards
10162:List of Candidates
10023:Deuterium-depleted
9970:
9814:Nutrient pollution
9707:Aquatic toxicology
9641:Ecology portal
9525:Waste minimisation
9500:Industrial ecology
9495:Cleaner production
9313:Nutrient pollution
9190:Herbicidal warfare
8984:Construction waste
8620:Introduced species
8491:Indoor air quality
8418:Chlorofluorocarbon
7437:www.britannica.com
6891:10.1007/BF01980039
6577:. 524–525: 81–92.
6500:10.1242/jeb.242971
6417:. pp. 13–15.
6035:"Marine Pollution"
5772:10.1242/jeb.242971
5627:Aquatic Toxicology
5471:10.25923/hhrp-xq11
4797:Environment Agency
4546:. IWA Publishing.
4455:Aquatic toxicology
4447:Environment portal
4313:
4311:, Indicator 6.3.2.
4223:Erosion caused by
4194:
3987:
3944:treatment plants.
3905:
3670:Dominican Republic
3497:nutrient pollution
3441:Nitrogen pollution
3407:
3364:aquatic ecosystems
3351:
3343:nitrogen pollution
3149:
3116:volcanic eruptions
2954:offshore platforms
2823:particles such as
2766:
2746:
2567:invasive organisms
2480:
2376:
2356:Nutrient pollution
2349:Nutrient pollution
2281:invasive organisms
2184:Nutrient pollution
2112:
2073:contraceptive pill
1936:nutrient pollution
1920:acid mine drainage
1895:
1887:
1516:blue baby syndrome
1507:Toxicity to fish (
1468:Oxygen consumption
1403:
1401:
1158:ecosystem services
1146:aquatic ecosystems
1043:Ecology portal
668:Herbicidal warfare
212:Introduced species
152:Indoor air quality
122:Chlorofluorocarbon
84:as it passes from
12969:
12968:
12921:
12920:
12831:Higher education
12662:Positive deviance
12657:Health psychology
12633:Health behavioral
12560:safety management
12534:Social distancing
12308:Population health
12288:Smoking cessation
12236:Pharmacovigilance
12207:Injury prevention
12175:Infection control
12093:Social psychology
12043:Prisoners' rights
11986:Medical sociology
11954:Public health law
11850:Biological hazard
11797:
11796:
11619:Pollution control
11381:
11380:
11359:
11358:
11158:
11157:
10837:genetic resources
10773:genetic resources
10408:
10407:
10316:Natural resources
10282:
10281:
10222:Ocean temperature
9892:
9891:
9747:Friendly Floatees
9647:
9646:
9520:Pollution control
9200:Nuclear holocaust
9109:Thermal treatment
9077:Plastic pollution
8994:Mercury poisoning
8947:Battery recycling
8846:Radioactive waste
8615:Genetic pollution
8610:Biological hazard
8408:Air quality index
8312:Library resources
7960:(17): 8249–8254.
7680:10.1021/es0628248
7666:(14): 5085–5089.
7558:978-1-84973-648-0
7345:978-3-030-19411-6
7219:978-3-030-75602-4
7132:978-0-8160-7747-2
7121:Newton D (2008).
7100:978-0-87553-047-5
7087:For example, see
6949:978-0-8213-6179-5
6809:978-1-63485-188-6
6798:. Hauppauge, NY:
6636:10.1021/es304369b
6493:(13): jeb242971.
6479:Knight K (2021).
6465:978-1-118-86383-1
6432:978-0-444-63607-2
6288:978-1-63321-791-1
6125:978-1-63485-188-6
6012:978-0-12-805204-4
5981:Our World in Data
5903:www.eea.europa.eu
5765:(13): jeb242971.
5751:Knight K (2021).
5061:978-1-119-30450-0
4977:978-1-78262-560-5
4803:on August 4, 2006
4706:(1491): 659–666.
4667:(17): 4902–4915.
4632:. July 23, 2013.
4628:. Cambridge, MA:
4622:"Water Pollution"
4607:978-0-471-48494-3
4563:978-1-78040-208-6
4210:sediment controls
4170:anaerobic lagoons
3887:
3886:
3493:fertilizer runoff
3341:, resulting from
3267:aquatic ecosystem
3128:). This leads to
3052:. Although these
3020:, precipitation,
2891:radioactive waste
2889:, or disposal of
2865:Thermal pollution
2491:Thermal pollution
2485:Thermal pollution
2462:Thermal pollution
2431:reactive nitrogen
2164:marine ecosystems
2120:Plastic pollution
1849:trichloroethylene
1821:byproducts, from
1813:, jet fuels, and
1790:Organic compounds
1673:
1672:
1656:soil permeability
1474:Septic conditions
1233:thermal pollution
1177:non-point sources
1086:aquatic pollution
1079:
1078:
1014:
1013:
680:Nuclear holocaust
603:Urban heat island
417:Radioactive waste
202:Biological hazard
112:Air quality index
16:(Redirected from
13019:
12957:
12956:
12945:
12944:
12933:
12932:
12827:Health education
12704:
12703:
12558:Food hygiene and
12539:Tropical disease
12351:Infant mortality
12326:Community health
12202:Controlled Drugs
12138:Health promotion
12068:Right to housing
11912:Health economics
11824:
11817:
11810:
11801:
11800:
11785:
11784:
11773:
11761:
11760:
11742:
11741:
11664:Waste management
11654:Urban metabolism
11649:Sewage treatment
11639:Renewable energy
11481:
11408:
11401:
11394:
11385:
11384:
11371:
11370:
11322:
11269:Natural heritage
11228:overexploitation
11167:
11166:
10901:
10900:
10847:herbal medicines
10827:FAO Plant Treaty
10367:
10344:
10329:
10328:
10309:
10302:
10295:
10286:
10285:
10272:
10261:
10260:
10250:
10249:
10239:
10142:Asteroidal water
10130:Extraterrestrial
9919:
9912:
9905:
9896:
9895:
9789:Invasive species
9681:Marine pollution
9674:
9667:
9660:
9651:
9650:
9639:
9638:
9637:
9629:
9628:
9619:
9618:
9611:
9610:
9603:
9602:
9590:
9589:
9464:Legacy pollution
9323:Oil exploitation
9185:Chemical warfare
9099:Waste management
9006:Industrial waste
8974:Biomedical waste
8942:Electronic waste
8927:Advertising mail
8911:Phytoremediation
8886:Land degradation
8671:Overillumination
8625:Invasive species
8371:
8364:
8357:
8348:
8347:
8299:
8298:
8287:
8281:
8280:
8269:
8263:
8257:
8253:
8237:
8231:
8230:
8219:
8213:
8212:
8201:
8195:
8194:
8182:
8176:
8175:
8163:
8157:
8156:
8149:
8143:
8142:
8140:
8132:
8126:
8125:
8123:
8121:
8102:
8093:
8086:
8080:
8073:
8067:
8066:
8051:
8045:
8044:
8037:
8031:
8030:
8023:
8017:
8016:
8004:
7998:
7997:
7987:
7977:
7945:
7939:
7938:
7931:Concrete Washout
7927:
7921:
7915:
7909:
7908:
7880:
7874:
7869:
7859:
7835:
7829:
7828:
7802:
7796:
7795:
7777:
7771:
7770:
7759:
7753:
7752:
7750:
7748:
7737:
7731:
7730:
7724:
7716:
7710:
7709:
7707:
7698:
7692:
7691:
7653:
7647:
7646:
7635:
7629:
7628:
7582:
7576:
7571:UN-Water (2018)
7569:
7563:
7562:
7534:
7525:
7524:
7513:
7507:
7506:
7496:
7486:
7454:
7448:
7447:
7445:
7443:
7429:
7423:
7422:
7420:
7410:
7386:
7380:
7379:
7377:
7375:
7361:
7355:
7325:
7319:
7318:
7310:
7304:
7303:
7301:
7299:
7255:(5): 1085–1101.
7240:
7234:
7233:
7228:
7226:
7203:
7197:
7196:
7160:
7154:
7153:
7151:
7143:
7137:
7136:
7118:
7109:
7108:
7107:by subscription.
7085:
7079:
7078:
7032:
7026:
7025:
7007:
6975:
6966:
6965:
6931:
6925:
6924:
6917:
6911:
6910:
6864:
6858:
6857:
6856:. June 24, 2022.
6846:
6840:
6839:
6828:
6822:
6821:
6789:
6783:
6782:
6775:
6769:
6768:
6722:
6716:
6715:
6697:
6662:
6656:
6655:
6609:
6603:
6602:
6568:
6562:
6561:
6533:
6527:
6526:
6519:
6513:
6512:
6502:
6476:
6470:
6469:
6443:
6437:
6436:
6410:
6404:
6394:
6388:
6377:
6371:
6370:
6360:
6342:
6307:
6301:
6300:
6272:
6266:
6265:
6240:(7–9): 379–394.
6227:
6221:
6220:
6195:Goel PK (2006).
6192:
6186:
6185:
6178:
6172:
6171:
6160:
6154:
6153:
6151:
6144:
6136:
6130:
6129:
6109:
6103:
6102:
6100:
6098:
6083:
6077:
6076:
6074:
6072:
6063:. Archived from
6056:
6050:
6049:
6047:
6045:
6031:
6025:
6024:
5998:
5992:
5991:
5989:
5987:
5965:
5956:
5955:
5953:
5951:
5936:
5930:
5923:
5914:
5913:
5911:
5909:
5895:
5889:
5888:
5886:
5884:
5873:
5864:
5863:
5861:
5859:
5842:
5836:
5835:
5833:
5831:
5817:
5811:
5810:
5807:Vice Media Group
5805:. Brooklyn, NY:
5794:
5785:
5784:
5774:
5748:
5742:
5741:
5731:
5683:
5677:
5676:
5674:
5672:
5657:
5651:
5650:
5622:
5616:
5615:
5605:
5573:
5567:
5566:
5529:
5523:
5522:
5482:
5476:
5475:
5473:
5456:Shinn H (2019).
5453:
5447:
5446:
5418:
5409:
5408:
5398:
5366:
5360:
5359:
5313:
5307:
5306:
5296:
5286:
5269:(4): E574–E583.
5254:
5248:
5232:
5226:
5225:
5179:
5170:
5169:
5159:
5148:10.1002/etc.4784
5125:
5116:
5115:
5113:
5111:
5102:. Archived from
5079:
5070:
5069:
5044:Laws EA (2018).
5041:
5030:
5029:
5018:
5012:
4996:
4990:
4989:
4949:
4943:
4942:
4919:
4913:
4912:
4911:. Art. No. 1054.
4902:
4892:
4868:
4862:
4861:
4859:
4857:
4848:. Archived from
4838:
4832:
4819:
4813:
4812:
4810:
4808:
4799:. Archived from
4789:
4783:
4782:
4740:
4734:
4733:
4723:
4691:
4685:
4684:
4652:
4646:
4645:
4643:
4641:
4618:
4612:
4611:
4579:
4568:
4567:
4555:
4531:
4470:Phytoremediation
4449:
4444:
4443:
4435:
4430:
4429:
4359:sewage treatment
4293:retention basins
4198:erosion controls
3590:
3583:
3576:
3567:
3566:
3505:dissolved oxygen
3339:Oxygen depletion
3307:dissolved oxygen
3261:is described as
3222:compounds, e.g.
3208:dissolved oxygen
2934:marine ecosystem
2887:nuclear reactors
2622:filling stations
2543:dissolved oxygen
2318:nonpoint sources
2250:Marine pollution
2244:Marine pollution
2237:Marine pollution
2180:marine pollution
1879:industrial waste
1699:Escherichia coli
1602:biodegradability
1421:Suspended solids
1406:
1402:
1359:animal husbandry
1276:sediment control
1260:sewage treatment
1215:, or changes of
1164:provided by the
1071:
1064:
1057:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1029:
1028:
960:
959:
663:Chemical warfare
565:Waste management
525:Industrial waste
500:Electronic waste
485:Advertising mail
467:Phytoremediation
442:Land degradation
382:Depleted uranium
267:Overillumination
217:Invasive species
78:industrial waste
71:
61:
46:
45:
21:
13027:
13026:
13022:
13021:
13020:
13018:
13017:
13016:
12987:Aquatic ecology
12982:Water pollution
12972:
12971:
12970:
12965:
12917:
12888:Margaret Sanger
12856:
12815:
12699:
12697:
12691:
12634:
12628:
12600:Safety scandals
12559:
12553:
12475:
12469:
12403:
12397:
12393:Social medicine
12386:Race and health
12321:Child mortality
12302:
12261:Open defecation
12143:Human nutrition
12133:Family planning
12121:Behavior change
12107:
12063:Right to health
11976:Maternal health
11966:Health politics
11917:Health literacy
11833:
11828:
11798:
11793:
11730:
11704:
11668:
11592:
11583:Systems ecology
11482:
11473:
11434:Biogeochemistry
11417:
11412:
11382:
11377:
11355:
11320:
11300:
11286:Systems ecology
11252:Natural capital
11154:
11039:
11028:reclaimed water
10890:
10852:UPOV Convention
10700:
10495:
10404:
10378:
10374:Ozone depletion
10365:
10342:
10318:
10313:
10283:
10278:
10226:
10193:
10125:
10052:
10011:
9971:
9959:
9928:
9923:
9893:
9888:
9884:Water pollution
9799:Mercury in fish
9683:
9678:
9648:
9643:
9635:
9633:
9623:
9580:
9566:
9534:
9483:
9432:
9399:
9338:Pharmaceuticals
9328:Oil exploration
9232:
9204:Nuclear fallout
9171:
9133:
9115:
9089:Packaging waste
9043:Deep sea mining
8969:Hazardous waste
8915:
8896:Open defecation
8850:
8816:Nuclear fallout
8811:Nuclear fission
8787:
8713:
8682:
8653:Electromagnetic
8647:
8631:
8596:
8516:Ozone depletion
8389:
8380:
8375:
8337:
8336:
8335:
8320:
8319:
8317:Water pollution
8315:
8308:
8303:
8302:
8289:
8288:
8284:
8271:
8270:
8266:
8255:
8238:
8234:
8221:
8220:
8216:
8209:The Independent
8203:
8202:
8198:
8191:The Independent
8183:
8179:
8166:Blakely, Rhys.
8164:
8160:
8155:. The Guardian.
8151:
8150:
8146:
8138:
8134:
8133:
8129:
8119:
8117:
8104:
8103:
8096:
8087:
8083:
8074:
8070:
8053:
8052:
8048:
8039:
8038:
8034:
8025:
8024:
8020:
8005:
8001:
7946:
7942:
7929:
7928:
7924:
7916:
7912:
7897:
7881:
7877:
7836:
7832:
7817:
7803:
7799:
7792:
7778:
7774:
7761:
7760:
7756:
7746:
7744:
7739:
7738:
7734:
7722:
7718:
7717:
7713:
7705:
7699:
7695:
7654:
7650:
7637:
7636:
7632:
7583:
7579:
7570:
7566:
7559:
7535:
7528:
7523:. June 7, 2005.
7515:
7514:
7510:
7455:
7451:
7441:
7439:
7431:
7430:
7426:
7387:
7383:
7373:
7371:
7363:
7362:
7358:
7326:
7322:
7311:
7307:
7297:
7295:
7241:
7237:
7224:
7222:
7220:
7204:
7200:
7161:
7157:
7149:
7145:
7144:
7140:
7133:
7119:
7112:
7101:
7086:
7082:
7033:
7029:
7005:10.1038/425365a
6976:
6969:
6950:
6932:
6928:
6919:
6918:
6914:
6865:
6861:
6848:
6847:
6843:
6830:
6829:
6825:
6810:
6790:
6786:
6777:
6776:
6772:
6723:
6719:
6663:
6659:
6610:
6606:
6569:
6565:
6550:
6534:
6530:
6521:
6520:
6516:
6477:
6473:
6466:
6444:
6440:
6433:
6411:
6407:
6395:
6391:
6378:
6374:
6308:
6304:
6289:
6273:
6269:
6228:
6224:
6209:
6193:
6189:
6180:
6179:
6175:
6162:
6161:
6157:
6149:
6142:
6138:
6137:
6133:
6126:
6110:
6106:
6096:
6094:
6085:
6084:
6080:
6070:
6068:
6057:
6053:
6043:
6041:
6033:
6032:
6028:
6013:
5999:
5995:
5985:
5983:
5969:Ritchie, Hannah
5966:
5959:
5949:
5947:
5937:
5933:
5924:
5917:
5907:
5905:
5897:
5896:
5892:
5882:
5880:
5874:
5867:
5857:
5855:
5843:
5839:
5829:
5827:
5819:
5818:
5814:
5803:Vice World News
5795:
5788:
5749:
5745:
5684:
5680:
5670:
5668:
5659:
5658:
5654:
5623:
5619:
5574:
5570:
5530:
5526:
5483:
5479:
5454:
5450:
5419:
5412:
5367:
5363:
5314:
5310:
5255:
5251:
5245:Wayback Machine
5233:
5229:
5180:
5173:
5126:
5119:
5109:
5107:
5106:on May 19, 2009
5100:
5080:
5073:
5062:
5042:
5033:
5020:
5019:
5015:
5009:Wayback Machine
4997:
4993:
4978:
4950:
4946:
4939:
4921:
4920:
4916:
4869:
4865:
4855:
4853:
4840:
4839:
4835:
4829:Wayback Machine
4820:
4816:
4806:
4804:
4791:
4790:
4786:
4741:
4737:
4692:
4688:
4653:
4649:
4639:
4637:
4620:
4619:
4615:
4608:
4580:
4571:
4564:
4532:
4509:
4504:
4445:
4438:
4431:
4424:
4421:
4416:
4415:
4407:Clean Water Act
4403:
4395:
4332:
4323:
4318:
4297:
4296:
4277:roadway deicers
4267:in the UK, and
4245:
4237:
4227:and changes in
4214:sediment basins
4183:
4178:
4177:
4158:settling basins
4125:confined animal
4121:farm management
4114:
4106:
4101:
4100:
4078:, chemical and
4053:
4045:
4033:sewerage system
4029:Sewer overflows
3979:
3965:
3950:erosion control
3948:for farms, and
3910:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3597:
3594:
3553:
3537:
3530:
3518:
3513:
3512:
3499:usually causes
3464:
3438:
3418:
3412:
3356:
3332:
3327:
3326:
3286:
3228:orthophosphates
3171:
3138:
3099:water molecules
3080:
3064:
3059:
3058:
3002:Nonpoint source
2999:
2991:
2986:
2985:
2919:
2911:
2853:Pharmaceuticals
2811:food processing
2772:
2751:
2700:
2685:Clean Water Act
2663:
2654:
2653:
2587:
2579:
2563:
2535:
2534:
2507:human influence
2488:
2464:
2459:
2458:
2359:
2351:
2346:
2345:
2342:deep sea mining
2338:bilge pollution
2247:
2239:
2203:open defecation
2176:
2126:
2100:
2088:methamphetamine
2086:), for example
2078:Metabolites of
2042:
2041:
2016:bioaccumulation
1982:
1974:
1875:Bauxite residue
1868:
1841:organochlorides
1792:
1748:open defecation
1720:Giardia lamblia
1686:parasitic worms
1678:
1574:Some detergents
1382:Pathogens like
1320:
1310:
1305:
1288:
1278:and control of
1272:erosion control
1266:, agricultural
1082:Water pollution
1075:
1037:
1035:
1023:
1016:
1015:
915:
907:
906:
880:
872:
871:
807:Pharmaceuticals
787:Nonpoint source
727:
717:
716:
685:Nuclear fallout
658:
648:
647:
618:
608:
607:
598:
588:
587:
578:
570:
569:
555:Packaging waste
520:Hazardous waste
480:
472:
471:
432:
422:
421:
392:Nuclear fallout
387:Nuclear fission
367:
357:
356:
322:
312:
311:
287:
279:
278:
252:
250:Electromagnetic
242:
241:
232:
224:
223:
197:
187:
186:
157:Ozone depletion
102:
92:
59:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
13025:
13015:
13014:
13009:
13004:
12999:
12994:
12989:
12984:
12967:
12966:
12964:
12963:
12951:
12939:
12926:
12923:
12922:
12919:
12918:
12916:
12915:
12910:
12905:
12900:
12895:
12890:
12885:
12880:
12875:
12870:
12864:
12862:
12858:
12857:
12855:
12854:
12853:
12852:
12847:
12842:
12837:
12829:
12823:
12821:
12817:
12816:
12814:
12813:
12806:
12801:
12796:
12795:
12794:
12789:
12784:
12779:
12771:
12770:
12769:
12764:
12756:
12755:
12754:
12746:
12745:
12744:
12739:
12731:
12730:
12729:
12721:
12720:
12719:
12710:
12708:
12701:
12696:Organizations,
12693:
12692:
12690:
12689:
12684:
12679:
12674:
12669:
12664:
12659:
12654:
12649:
12644:
12638:
12636:
12630:
12629:
12627:
12626:
12625:
12624:
12619:
12609:
12604:
12603:
12602:
12597:
12592:
12587:
12582:
12577:
12572:
12563:
12561:
12555:
12554:
12552:
12551:
12546:
12541:
12536:
12531:
12526:
12521:
12520:
12519:
12509:
12508:
12507:
12497:
12496:
12495:
12485:
12479:
12477:
12471:
12470:
12468:
12467:
12462:
12461:
12460:
12452:
12443:
12438:
12433:
12423:
12418:
12413:
12407:
12405:
12402:Biological and
12399:
12398:
12396:
12395:
12390:
12389:
12388:
12383:
12378:
12368:
12363:
12361:Multimorbidity
12358:
12353:
12348:
12343:
12338:
12333:
12328:
12323:
12318:
12312:
12310:
12304:
12303:
12301:
12300:
12298:Vector control
12295:
12290:
12285:
12283:School hygiene
12280:
12279:
12278:
12273:
12268:
12266:Sanitary sewer
12263:
12258:
12253:
12243:
12238:
12233:
12232:
12231:
12224:Patient safety
12221:
12220:
12219:
12214:
12209:
12204:
12199:
12194:
12184:
12183:
12182:
12177:
12172:
12167:
12157:
12156:
12155:
12150:
12140:
12135:
12130:
12129:
12128:
12117:
12115:
12109:
12108:
12106:
12105:
12100:
12095:
12090:
12085:
12080:
12075:
12070:
12065:
12060:
12055:
12050:
12045:
12040:
12039:
12038:
12033:
12028:
12023:
12018:
12008:
12003:
11998:
11988:
11983:
11978:
11973:
11968:
11963:
11962:
11961:
11956:
11946:
11941:
11936:
11935:
11934:
11929:
11919:
11914:
11909:
11907:Harm reduction
11904:
11899:
11894:
11889:
11888:
11887:
11882:
11872:
11867:
11862:
11857:
11852:
11847:
11841:
11839:
11835:
11834:
11827:
11826:
11819:
11812:
11804:
11795:
11794:
11792:
11791:
11779:
11767:
11755:
11754:
11753:
11735:
11732:
11731:
11729:
11728:
11726:Technogaianism
11723:
11721:Sustainability
11718:
11712:
11710:
11706:
11705:
11703:
11702:
11697:
11692:
11687:
11682:
11676:
11674:
11670:
11669:
11667:
11666:
11661:
11656:
11651:
11646:
11641:
11636:
11631:
11626:
11621:
11616:
11611:
11606:
11600:
11598:
11594:
11593:
11591:
11590:
11585:
11580:
11575:
11570:
11565:
11560:
11555:
11550:
11545:
11540:
11539:
11538:
11528:
11523:
11518:
11513:
11508:
11507:
11506:
11496:
11490:
11488:
11487:Related fields
11484:
11483:
11476:
11474:
11472:
11471:
11466:
11461:
11456:
11451:
11446:
11441:
11436:
11431:
11425:
11423:
11419:
11418:
11411:
11410:
11403:
11396:
11388:
11379:
11378:
11376:
11375:
11364:
11361:
11360:
11357:
11356:
11354:
11353:
11344:
11339:
11334:
11329:
11324:
11321:(perpetuation)
11316:
11310:
11308:
11302:
11301:
11299:
11298:
11293:
11288:
11283:
11282:
11281:
11274:Nature reserve
11271:
11266:
11265:
11264:
11259:
11249:
11248:
11247:
11237:
11236:
11235:
11230:
11220:
11215:
11214:
11213:
11208:
11198:
11197:
11196:
11191:
11186:
11181:
11170:
11164:
11160:
11159:
11156:
11155:
11153:
11152:
11151:
11150:
11145:
11135:
11130:
11125:
11120:
11115:
11110:
11105:
11100:
11095:
11090:
11085:
11080:
11079:
11078:
11068:
11063:
11058:
11053:
11047:
11045:
11041:
11040:
11038:
11037:
11032:
11031:
11030:
11020:
11015:
11010:
11009:
11008:
10998:
10993:
10992:
10991:
10979:
10978:
10977:
10972:
10967:
10957:
10952:
10951:
10950:
10945:
10940:
10930:
10925:
10920:
10919:
10918:
10907:
10905:
10898:
10892:
10891:
10889:
10888:
10887:
10886:
10881:
10871:
10866:
10861:
10860:
10859:
10854:
10849:
10844:
10839:
10834:
10829:
10819:
10814:
10809:
10804:
10803:
10802:
10792:
10791:
10790:
10785:
10780:
10775:
10765:
10764:
10763:
10758:
10753:
10751:climate change
10743:
10738:
10733:
10728:
10727:
10726:
10719:Bioprospecting
10716:
10710:
10708:
10702:
10701:
10699:
10698:
10697:
10696:
10691:
10681:
10680:
10679:
10674:
10669:
10664:
10654:
10653:
10652:
10647:
10646:
10645:
10640:
10630:
10629:
10628:
10623:
10613:
10612:
10611:
10601:
10596:
10586:
10585:
10584:
10574:
10573:
10572:
10562:
10561:
10560:
10555:
10550:
10545:
10535:
10530:
10525:
10524:
10523:
10522:
10521:
10505:
10503:
10497:
10496:
10494:
10493:
10488:
10487:
10486:
10481:
10471:
10466:
10461:
10456:
10434:
10429:
10424:
10418:
10416:
10410:
10409:
10406:
10405:
10403:
10402:
10397:
10392:
10386:
10384:
10380:
10379:
10377:
10376:
10371:
10370:
10369:
10364:Clean Air Act
10356:
10351:
10346:
10337:
10335:
10326:
10320:
10319:
10312:
10311:
10304:
10297:
10289:
10280:
10279:
10277:
10276:
10265:
10254:
10243:
10231:
10228:
10227:
10225:
10224:
10219:
10218:
10217:
10212:
10205:Stratification
10201:
10199:
10195:
10194:
10192:
10191:
10190:
10189:
10184:
10179:
10174:
10166:
10165:
10164:
10159:
10154:
10149:
10144:
10133:
10131:
10127:
10126:
10124:
10123:
10118:
10117:
10116:
10111:
10101:
10096:
10091:
10090:
10089:
10084:
10074:
10069:
10063:
10061:
10054:
10053:
10051:
10050:
10045:
10040:
10035:
10030:
10025:
10019:
10017:
10013:
10012:
10010:
10009:
10008:
10007:
9997:
9992:
9987:
9981:
9979:
9973:
9972:
9962:
9960:
9958:
9957:
9952:
9947:
9942:
9936:
9934:
9930:
9929:
9922:
9921:
9914:
9907:
9899:
9890:
9889:
9887:
9886:
9881:
9876:
9871:
9869:Surface runoff
9866:
9861:
9856:
9851:
9846:
9841:
9836:
9831:
9826:
9821:
9816:
9811:
9806:
9801:
9796:
9791:
9786:
9781:
9776:
9775:
9774:
9769:
9767:North Atlantic
9764:
9759:
9749:
9744:
9739:
9734:
9732:Eutrophication
9729:
9724:
9719:
9714:
9709:
9704:
9699:
9694:
9688:
9685:
9684:
9677:
9676:
9669:
9662:
9654:
9645:
9644:
9585:
9582:
9581:
9579:
9578:
9573:
9568:
9564:
9560:
9555:
9553:Law by country
9550:
9544:
9542:
9536:
9535:
9533:
9532:
9527:
9522:
9517:
9512:
9507:
9502:
9497:
9491:
9489:
9485:
9484:
9482:
9481:
9476:
9471:
9466:
9461:
9456:
9451:
9446:
9440:
9438:
9434:
9433:
9431:
9430:
9425:
9424:
9423:
9418:
9407:
9405:
9401:
9400:
9398:
9397:
9392:
9387:
9382:
9377:
9375:Surface runoff
9372:
9367:
9362:
9357:
9356:
9355:
9350:
9340:
9335:
9330:
9325:
9320:
9315:
9310:
9305:
9300:
9299:
9298:
9288:
9283:
9278:
9273:
9268:
9263:
9261:Eutrophication
9258:
9253:
9248:
9242:
9240:
9234:
9233:
9231:
9230:
9225:
9220:
9218:Scorched earth
9215:
9212:nuclear winter
9208:nuclear famine
9197:
9187:
9181:
9179:
9173:
9172:
9170:
9169:
9164:
9159:
9154:
9149:
9143:
9141:
9135:
9134:
9132:
9131:
9125:
9123:
9117:
9116:
9114:
9113:
9112:
9111:
9106:
9096:
9091:
9086:
9085:
9084:
9074:
9069:
9068:
9067:
9057:
9056:
9055:
9053:Uranium mining
9050:
9045:
9040:
9038:Surface mining
9035:
9030:
9020:
9015:
9014:
9013:
9003:
9002:
9001:
8996:
8991:
8989:Lead poisoning
8986:
8981:
8979:Chemical waste
8976:
8966:
8961:
8956:
8951:
8950:
8949:
8939:
8934:
8929:
8923:
8921:
8917:
8916:
8914:
8913:
8908:
8903:
8898:
8893:
8891:Bioremediation
8888:
8883:
8882:
8881:
8876:
8871:
8860:
8858:
8852:
8851:
8849:
8848:
8843:
8838:
8833:
8828:
8823:
8818:
8813:
8808:
8806:Bioremediation
8803:
8797:
8795:
8789:
8788:
8786:
8785:
8780:
8777:
8774:
8771:
8770:
8769:
8759:
8754:
8753:
8752:
8747:
8742:
8737:
8732:
8727:Transportation
8723:
8721:
8715:
8714:
8712:
8711:
8706:
8701:
8696:
8690:
8688:
8684:
8683:
8681:
8680:
8675:
8674:
8673:
8668:
8657:
8655:
8649:
8648:
8646:
8645:
8639:
8637:
8633:
8632:
8630:
8629:
8628:
8627:
8617:
8612:
8606:
8604:
8598:
8597:
8595:
8594:
8589:
8584:
8583:
8582:
8572:
8571:
8570:
8560:
8555:
8550:
8549:
8548:
8543:
8538:
8533:
8528:
8518:
8513:
8508:
8503:
8501:Global dimming
8498:
8493:
8488:
8487:
8486:
8476:
8475:
8474:
8472:Diesel exhaust
8464:
8459:
8458:
8457:
8447:
8446:
8445:
8440:
8435:
8430:
8420:
8415:
8410:
8405:
8399:
8397:
8391:
8390:
8385:
8382:
8381:
8374:
8373:
8366:
8359:
8351:
8345:
8344:
8334:
8333:
8328:
8322:
8321:
8310:
8309:
8307:
8306:External links
8304:
8301:
8300:
8282:
8264:
8241:33 U.S.C.
8232:
8214:
8196:
8177:
8158:
8144:
8127:
8094:
8081:
8068:
8046:
8032:
8018:
7999:
7940:
7922:
7910:
7895:
7875:
7830:
7815:
7797:
7790:
7772:
7754:
7732:
7711:
7693:
7648:
7630:
7577:
7564:
7557:
7526:
7508:
7449:
7424:
7381:
7356:
7320:
7305:
7235:
7218:
7198:
7155:
7138:
7131:
7110:
7099:
7080:
7045:(1): 169–192.
7027:
6967:
6948:
6926:
6912:
6859:
6841:
6823:
6808:
6784:
6770:
6717:
6657:
6622:(4): 1824–32.
6604:
6563:
6548:
6528:
6514:
6471:
6464:
6438:
6431:
6405:
6402:§ 1342(p)
6398:33 U.S.C.
6389:
6381:33 U.S.C.
6372:
6302:
6287:
6267:
6222:
6207:
6187:
6173:
6166:. Boston, MA:
6155:
6131:
6124:
6104:
6078:
6051:
6026:
6011:
5993:
5957:
5931:
5915:
5890:
5865:
5837:
5812:
5786:
5743:
5678:
5652:
5617:
5568:
5524:
5477:
5448:
5410:
5361:
5308:
5249:
5227:
5171:
5142:(3): 543–549.
5117:
5098:
5071:
5060:
5031:
5013:
4991:
4976:
4944:
4937:
4914:
4863:
4844:. Reston, VA:
4833:
4814:
4784:
4735:
4686:
4647:
4613:
4606:
4569:
4562:
4506:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4499:
4498:
4496:Water security
4493:
4488:
4483:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4451:
4450:
4436:
4420:
4417:
4404:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4331:
4330:United Kingdom
4328:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4246:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4182:
4179:
4129:surface runoff
4115:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4064:sanitary sewer
4054:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4014:pollutant load
3964:
3961:
3934:infrastructure
3909:
3906:
3892:
3889:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3593:
3592:
3585:
3578:
3570:
3552:
3549:
3543:as well as in
3536:
3533:
3528:
3525:carbon dioxide
3517:
3514:
3477:microorganisms
3469:Eutrophication
3465:
3461:Eutrophication
3457:
3437:
3434:
3411:
3408:
3403:Nairobi, Kenya
3355:
3352:
3347:eutrophication
3331:
3328:
3287:
3279:
3212:total hardness
3137:
3134:
3095:nitrogen oxide
3091:sulfur dioxide
3079:
3076:
3068:surface runoff
3063:
3060:
3000:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2942:coastal waters
2920:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2905:
2894:
2879:uranium mining
2872:
2869:power stations
2862:
2856:
2850:
2832:
2818:
2815:slaughterhouse
2800:
2750:
2747:
2720:drug pollution
2704:Eutrophication
2699:
2696:
2662:
2659:
2588:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2562:
2559:
2489:
2481:
2476:Mount Hope Bay
2463:
2460:
2455:climate change
2439:surface waters
2435:eutrophication
2410:surface runoff
2394:coastal waters
2390:surface waters
2386:eutrophication
2368:Surface runoff
2360:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2334:ship pollution
2277:carbon dioxide
2248:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2175:
2172:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2094:
2076:
2065:antidepressant
2061:drug pollution
2003:pharmaceutical
1999:European Union
1983:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1968:
1953:
1950:slash and burn
1939:
1922:
1912:motor vehicles
1905:
1867:
1864:
1853:
1852:
1830:
1791:
1788:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1654:Problems with
1652:
1649:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1629:
1622:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1615:
1604:
1598:
1595:
1588:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1565:
1561:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1550:
1535:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1528:
1523:
1512:
1505:
1498:
1497:
1496:
1491:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1464:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1448:
1442:
1436:
1428:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1390:
1389:
1380:
1370:
1352:
1345:drinking water
1335:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1297:drinking water
1287:
1284:
1248:infrastructure
1166:water resource
1162:drinking water
1077:
1076:
1074:
1073:
1066:
1059:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1045:
1033:
1018:
1017:
1012:
1011:
1010:
1009:
1001:
1000:
996:
995:
994:
993:
988:
983:
978:
976:Law by country
973:
965:
964:
958:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
916:
913:
912:
909:
908:
905:
904:
903:
902:
897:
887:
881:
878:
877:
874:
873:
870:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
847:Surface runoff
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
747:Eutrophication
744:
739:
734:
728:
723:
722:
719:
718:
715:
714:
709:
704:
702:Scorched earth
699:
698:
697:
695:Nuclear winter
692:
690:Nuclear famine
687:
677:
676:
675:
665:
659:
654:
653:
650:
649:
646:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
619:
614:
613:
610:
609:
606:
605:
599:
594:
593:
590:
589:
586:
585:
579:
576:
575:
572:
571:
568:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
481:
478:
477:
474:
473:
470:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
447:Bioremediation
444:
439:
433:
428:
427:
424:
423:
420:
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
377:Bioremediation
374:
368:
363:
362:
359:
358:
355:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
327:Transportation
323:
318:
317:
314:
313:
310:
309:
304:
299:
294:
288:
285:
284:
281:
280:
277:
276:
274:Radio spectrum
271:
270:
269:
264:
253:
248:
247:
244:
243:
240:
239:
233:
230:
229:
226:
225:
222:
221:
220:
219:
209:
204:
198:
193:
192:
189:
188:
185:
184:
179:
174:
169:
164:
159:
154:
149:
144:
142:Global dimming
139:
134:
129:
124:
119:
114:
109:
103:
98:
97:
94:
93:
72:
64:
63:
55:
54:
39:Drinking water
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
13024:
13013:
13010:
13008:
13005:
13003:
13000:
12998:
12995:
12993:
12990:
12988:
12985:
12983:
12980:
12979:
12977:
12962:
12961:
12952:
12950:
12949:
12940:
12938:
12937:
12928:
12927:
12924:
12914:
12911:
12909:
12906:
12904:
12901:
12899:
12896:
12894:
12891:
12889:
12886:
12884:
12883:Joseph Lister
12881:
12879:
12876:
12874:
12871:
12869:
12866:
12865:
12863:
12859:
12851:
12848:
12846:
12843:
12841:
12838:
12836:
12833:
12832:
12830:
12828:
12825:
12824:
12822:
12818:
12811:
12807:
12805:
12802:
12800:
12797:
12793:
12790:
12788:
12785:
12783:
12780:
12778:
12775:
12774:
12772:
12768:
12765:
12763:
12762:Health Canada
12760:
12759:
12757:
12753:
12750:
12749:
12747:
12743:
12740:
12738:
12735:
12734:
12732:
12728:
12725:
12724:
12722:
12718:
12715:
12714:
12712:
12711:
12709:
12707:Organizations
12705:
12702:
12694:
12688:
12685:
12683:
12680:
12678:
12675:
12673:
12670:
12668:
12665:
12663:
12660:
12658:
12655:
12653:
12650:
12648:
12645:
12643:
12640:
12639:
12637:
12631:
12623:
12620:
12618:
12615:
12614:
12613:
12610:
12608:
12605:
12601:
12598:
12596:
12593:
12591:
12588:
12586:
12583:
12581:
12578:
12576:
12573:
12571:
12568:
12567:
12565:
12564:
12562:
12556:
12550:
12547:
12545:
12544:Vaccine trial
12542:
12540:
12537:
12535:
12532:
12530:
12527:
12525:
12522:
12518:
12515:
12514:
12513:
12510:
12506:
12503:
12502:
12501:
12498:
12494:
12491:
12490:
12489:
12486:
12484:
12481:
12480:
12478:
12472:
12466:
12463:
12459:
12457:
12453:
12451:
12449:
12444:
12442:
12439:
12437:
12434:
12432:
12429:
12428:
12427:
12424:
12422:
12421:Relative risk
12419:
12417:
12414:
12412:
12409:
12408:
12406:
12400:
12394:
12391:
12387:
12384:
12382:
12381:Health equity
12379:
12377:
12374:
12373:
12372:
12369:
12367:
12364:
12362:
12359:
12357:
12354:
12352:
12349:
12347:
12346:Health system
12344:
12342:
12339:
12337:
12336:Global health
12334:
12332:
12329:
12327:
12324:
12322:
12319:
12317:
12316:Biostatistics
12314:
12313:
12311:
12309:
12305:
12299:
12296:
12294:
12291:
12289:
12286:
12284:
12281:
12277:
12274:
12272:
12269:
12267:
12264:
12262:
12259:
12257:
12254:
12252:
12249:
12248:
12247:
12244:
12242:
12239:
12237:
12234:
12230:
12227:
12226:
12225:
12222:
12218:
12215:
12213:
12210:
12208:
12205:
12203:
12200:
12198:
12195:
12193:
12190:
12189:
12188:
12185:
12181:
12178:
12176:
12173:
12171:
12168:
12166:
12163:
12162:
12161:
12158:
12154:
12151:
12149:
12146:
12145:
12144:
12141:
12139:
12136:
12134:
12131:
12127:
12124:
12123:
12122:
12119:
12118:
12116:
12114:
12110:
12104:
12101:
12099:
12096:
12094:
12091:
12089:
12086:
12084:
12081:
12079:
12076:
12074:
12071:
12069:
12066:
12064:
12061:
12059:
12058:Right to food
12056:
12054:
12051:
12049:
12046:
12044:
12041:
12037:
12034:
12032:
12029:
12027:
12024:
12022:
12019:
12017:
12014:
12013:
12012:
12009:
12007:
12004:
12002:
11999:
11996:
11992:
11991:Mental health
11989:
11987:
11984:
11982:
11979:
11977:
11974:
11972:
11969:
11967:
11964:
11960:
11957:
11955:
11952:
11951:
11950:
11947:
11945:
11942:
11940:
11939:Housing First
11937:
11933:
11930:
11928:
11927:Health system
11925:
11924:
11923:
11922:Health policy
11920:
11918:
11915:
11913:
11910:
11908:
11905:
11903:
11900:
11898:
11895:
11893:
11890:
11886:
11883:
11881:
11878:
11877:
11876:
11873:
11871:
11868:
11866:
11863:
11861:
11858:
11856:
11853:
11851:
11848:
11846:
11843:
11842:
11840:
11836:
11832:
11831:Public health
11825:
11820:
11818:
11813:
11811:
11806:
11805:
11802:
11790:
11789:
11780:
11778:
11777:
11772:
11768:
11766:
11765:
11756:
11752:
11749:
11748:
11747:
11746:
11737:
11736:
11733:
11727:
11724:
11722:
11719:
11717:
11714:
11713:
11711:
11707:
11701:
11698:
11696:
11693:
11691:
11688:
11686:
11683:
11681:
11678:
11677:
11675:
11671:
11665:
11662:
11660:
11657:
11655:
11652:
11650:
11647:
11645:
11642:
11640:
11637:
11635:
11632:
11630:
11627:
11625:
11622:
11620:
11617:
11615:
11612:
11610:
11607:
11605:
11602:
11601:
11599:
11595:
11589:
11588:Urban ecology
11586:
11584:
11581:
11579:
11576:
11574:
11571:
11569:
11566:
11564:
11561:
11559:
11556:
11554:
11551:
11549:
11546:
11544:
11541:
11537:
11534:
11533:
11532:
11529:
11527:
11524:
11522:
11519:
11517:
11514:
11512:
11509:
11505:
11502:
11501:
11500:
11497:
11495:
11492:
11491:
11489:
11485:
11480:
11470:
11467:
11465:
11462:
11460:
11457:
11455:
11452:
11450:
11447:
11445:
11442:
11440:
11437:
11435:
11432:
11430:
11427:
11426:
11424:
11420:
11416:
11409:
11404:
11402:
11397:
11395:
11390:
11389:
11386:
11374:
11366:
11365:
11362:
11352:
11351:Non-renewable
11348:
11345:
11343:
11340:
11338:
11335:
11333:
11330:
11328:
11325:
11323:
11317:
11315:
11312:
11311:
11309:
11307:
11303:
11297:
11294:
11292:
11291:Urban ecology
11289:
11287:
11284:
11280:
11277:
11276:
11275:
11272:
11270:
11267:
11263:
11260:
11258:
11255:
11254:
11253:
11250:
11246:
11243:
11242:
11241:
11238:
11234:
11231:
11229:
11226:
11225:
11224:
11221:
11219:
11216:
11212:
11209:
11207:
11204:
11203:
11202:
11199:
11195:
11192:
11190:
11187:
11185:
11182:
11180:
11177:
11176:
11175:
11172:
11171:
11168:
11165:
11161:
11149:
11146:
11144:
11141:
11140:
11139:
11136:
11134:
11131:
11129:
11126:
11124:
11123:Privatization
11121:
11119:
11116:
11114:
11111:
11109:
11106:
11104:
11101:
11099:
11096:
11094:
11091:
11089:
11086:
11084:
11081:
11077:
11074:
11073:
11072:
11069:
11067:
11064:
11062:
11059:
11057:
11054:
11052:
11049:
11048:
11046:
11042:
11036:
11033:
11029:
11026:
11025:
11024:
11021:
11019:
11018:Surface water
11016:
11014:
11011:
11007:
11004:
11003:
11002:
10999:
10997:
10994:
10990:
10989:
10985:
10984:
10983:
10980:
10976:
10973:
10971:
10968:
10966:
10963:
10962:
10961:
10958:
10956:
10953:
10949:
10946:
10944:
10941:
10939:
10936:
10935:
10934:
10931:
10929:
10926:
10924:
10921:
10917:
10914:
10913:
10912:
10909:
10908:
10906:
10902:
10899:
10897:
10893:
10885:
10882:
10880:
10877:
10876:
10875:
10872:
10870:
10867:
10865:
10862:
10858:
10855:
10853:
10850:
10848:
10845:
10843:
10840:
10838:
10835:
10833:
10830:
10828:
10825:
10824:
10823:
10820:
10818:
10815:
10813:
10810:
10808:
10805:
10801:
10798:
10797:
10796:
10793:
10789:
10786:
10784:
10781:
10779:
10776:
10774:
10771:
10770:
10769:
10766:
10762:
10759:
10757:
10754:
10752:
10749:
10748:
10747:
10744:
10742:
10739:
10737:
10734:
10732:
10729:
10725:
10722:
10721:
10720:
10717:
10715:
10712:
10711:
10709:
10707:
10703:
10695:
10692:
10690:
10687:
10686:
10685:
10682:
10678:
10675:
10673:
10670:
10668:
10665:
10663:
10660:
10659:
10658:
10655:
10651:
10648:
10644:
10641:
10639:
10636:
10635:
10634:
10631:
10627:
10624:
10622:
10619:
10618:
10617:
10614:
10610:
10607:
10606:
10605:
10602:
10600:
10597:
10595:
10592:
10591:
10590:
10587:
10583:
10580:
10579:
10578:
10575:
10571:
10568:
10567:
10566:
10563:
10559:
10556:
10554:
10551:
10549:
10546:
10544:
10541:
10540:
10539:
10536:
10534:
10531:
10529:
10526:
10520:
10519:peak farmland
10517:
10516:
10515:
10512:
10511:
10510:
10507:
10506:
10504:
10502:
10498:
10492:
10489:
10485:
10482:
10480:
10477:
10476:
10475:
10472:
10470:
10467:
10465:
10462:
10460:
10457:
10454:
10450:
10446:
10442:
10438:
10435:
10433:
10430:
10428:
10425:
10423:
10420:
10419:
10417:
10415:
10411:
10401:
10398:
10396:
10393:
10391:
10388:
10387:
10385:
10381:
10375:
10372:
10368:
10362:
10361:
10360:
10357:
10355:
10352:
10350:
10347:
10345:
10339:
10338:
10336:
10334:
10330:
10327:
10325:
10321:
10317:
10310:
10305:
10303:
10298:
10296:
10291:
10290:
10287:
10275:
10271:
10266:
10264:
10255:
10253:
10244:
10242:
10238:
10233:
10232:
10229:
10223:
10220:
10216:
10213:
10211:
10208:
10207:
10206:
10203:
10202:
10200:
10196:
10188:
10185:
10183:
10180:
10178:
10175:
10173:
10170:
10169:
10167:
10163:
10160:
10158:
10157:Hycean planet
10155:
10153:
10150:
10148:
10145:
10143:
10140:
10139:
10138:
10135:
10134:
10132:
10128:
10122:
10119:
10115:
10112:
10110:
10107:
10106:
10105:
10102:
10100:
10097:
10095:
10092:
10088:
10085:
10083:
10080:
10079:
10078:
10075:
10073:
10070:
10068:
10065:
10064:
10062:
10060:
10055:
10049:
10046:
10044:
10041:
10039:
10036:
10034:
10031:
10029:
10026:
10024:
10021:
10020:
10018:
10014:
10006:
10003:
10002:
10001:
9998:
9996:
9993:
9991:
9988:
9986:
9983:
9982:
9980:
9978:
9974:
9968:Water droplet
9966:
9956:
9953:
9951:
9948:
9946:
9943:
9941:
9938:
9937:
9935:
9931:
9927:
9920:
9915:
9913:
9908:
9906:
9901:
9900:
9897:
9885:
9882:
9880:
9877:
9875:
9872:
9870:
9867:
9865:
9862:
9860:
9857:
9855:
9852:
9850:
9847:
9845:
9842:
9840:
9837:
9835:
9832:
9830:
9827:
9825:
9822:
9820:
9817:
9815:
9812:
9810:
9807:
9805:
9802:
9800:
9797:
9795:
9794:Marine debris
9792:
9790:
9787:
9785:
9782:
9780:
9777:
9773:
9772:South Pacific
9770:
9768:
9765:
9763:
9760:
9758:
9757:Great Pacific
9755:
9754:
9753:
9752:Garbage patch
9750:
9748:
9745:
9743:
9740:
9738:
9735:
9733:
9730:
9728:
9725:
9723:
9720:
9718:
9715:
9713:
9710:
9708:
9705:
9703:
9702:Anoxic waters
9700:
9698:
9695:
9693:
9690:
9689:
9686:
9682:
9675:
9670:
9668:
9663:
9661:
9656:
9655:
9652:
9642:
9632:
9627:
9622:
9614:
9606:
9597:
9593:
9583:
9577:
9574:
9572:
9569:
9567:
9561:
9559:
9556:
9554:
9551:
9549:
9546:
9545:
9543:
9541:
9537:
9531:
9528:
9526:
9523:
9521:
9518:
9516:
9513:
9511:
9508:
9506:
9503:
9501:
9498:
9496:
9493:
9492:
9490:
9486:
9480:
9477:
9475:
9472:
9470:
9467:
9465:
9462:
9460:
9457:
9455:
9452:
9450:
9447:
9445:
9442:
9441:
9439:
9435:
9429:
9426:
9422:
9419:
9417:
9414:
9413:
9412:
9409:
9408:
9406:
9402:
9396:
9395:Water quality
9393:
9391:
9388:
9386:
9383:
9381:
9378:
9376:
9373:
9371:
9368:
9366:
9363:
9361:
9358:
9354:
9351:
9349:
9346:
9345:
9344:
9341:
9339:
9336:
9334:
9331:
9329:
9326:
9324:
9321:
9319:
9316:
9314:
9311:
9309:
9306:
9304:
9301:
9297:
9294:
9293:
9292:
9289:
9287:
9284:
9282:
9279:
9277:
9274:
9272:
9269:
9267:
9264:
9262:
9259:
9257:
9254:
9252:
9249:
9247:
9244:
9243:
9241:
9239:
9235:
9229:
9226:
9224:
9221:
9219:
9216:
9213:
9209:
9205:
9201:
9198:
9195:
9191:
9188:
9186:
9183:
9182:
9180:
9178:
9174:
9168:
9165:
9163:
9160:
9158:
9157:Traffic signs
9155:
9153:
9150:
9148:
9145:
9144:
9142:
9140:
9136:
9130:
9127:
9126:
9124:
9122:
9118:
9110:
9107:
9105:
9102:
9101:
9100:
9097:
9095:
9092:
9090:
9087:
9083:
9082:Microplastics
9080:
9079:
9078:
9075:
9073:
9072:Nanomaterials
9070:
9066:
9063:
9062:
9061:
9058:
9054:
9051:
9049:
9046:
9044:
9041:
9039:
9036:
9034:
9031:
9029:
9026:
9025:
9024:
9021:
9019:
9016:
9012:
9011:Lead smelting
9009:
9008:
9007:
9004:
9000:
8997:
8995:
8992:
8990:
8987:
8985:
8982:
8980:
8977:
8975:
8972:
8971:
8970:
8967:
8965:
8962:
8960:
8957:
8955:
8952:
8948:
8945:
8944:
8943:
8940:
8938:
8935:
8933:
8930:
8928:
8925:
8924:
8922:
8918:
8912:
8909:
8907:
8904:
8902:
8899:
8897:
8894:
8892:
8889:
8887:
8884:
8880:
8877:
8875:
8872:
8870:
8867:
8866:
8865:
8862:
8861:
8859:
8857:
8853:
8847:
8844:
8842:
8839:
8837:
8834:
8832:
8831:Radioactivity
8829:
8827:
8824:
8822:
8819:
8817:
8814:
8812:
8809:
8807:
8804:
8802:
8799:
8798:
8796:
8794:
8790:
8784:
8783:Noise control
8781:
8778:
8775:
8772:
8768:
8765:
8764:
8763:
8760:
8758:
8755:
8751:
8748:
8746:
8743:
8741:
8738:
8736:
8733:
8730:
8729:
8728:
8725:
8724:
8722:
8720:
8716:
8710:
8707:
8705:
8702:
8700:
8697:
8695:
8692:
8691:
8689:
8685:
8679:
8676:
8672:
8669:
8667:
8664:
8663:
8662:
8659:
8658:
8656:
8654:
8650:
8644:
8641:
8640:
8638:
8634:
8626:
8623:
8622:
8621:
8618:
8616:
8613:
8611:
8608:
8607:
8605:
8603:
8599:
8593:
8590:
8588:
8585:
8581:
8578:
8577:
8576:
8573:
8569:
8566:
8565:
8564:
8561:
8559:
8556:
8554:
8551:
8547:
8544:
8542:
8539:
8537:
8534:
8532:
8531:Metal working
8529:
8527:
8524:
8523:
8522:
8519:
8517:
8514:
8512:
8509:
8507:
8504:
8502:
8499:
8497:
8494:
8492:
8489:
8485:
8482:
8481:
8480:
8477:
8473:
8470:
8469:
8468:
8465:
8463:
8460:
8456:
8453:
8452:
8451:
8448:
8444:
8441:
8439:
8436:
8434:
8431:
8429:
8426:
8425:
8424:
8421:
8419:
8416:
8414:
8411:
8409:
8406:
8404:
8401:
8400:
8398:
8396:
8392:
8388:
8383:
8379:
8372:
8367:
8365:
8360:
8358:
8353:
8352:
8349:
8342:
8339:
8338:
8332:
8329:
8327:
8324:
8323:
8318:
8313:
8296:
8292:
8286:
8278:
8274:
8268:
8261:
8254:
8249:
8246:
8242:
8236:
8228:
8224:
8218:
8210:
8206:
8200:
8192:
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8181:
8173:
8169:
8162:
8154:
8148:
8137:
8131:
8115:
8111:
8107:
8101:
8099:
8091:
8085:
8078:
8072:
8064:
8060:
8056:
8050:
8042:
8036:
8028:
8022:
8014:
8013:Science Daily
8010:
8003:
7995:
7991:
7986:
7981:
7976:
7971:
7967:
7963:
7959:
7955:
7951:
7944:
7936:
7932:
7926:
7920:
7914:
7906:
7902:
7898:
7896:0-07-051521-2
7892:
7888:
7887:
7879:
7873:
7867:
7863:
7858:
7853:
7849:
7845:
7841:
7834:
7826:
7822:
7818:
7816:0-07-041878-0
7812:
7808:
7801:
7793:
7791:0-07-041878-0
7787:
7783:
7776:
7768:
7764:
7758:
7742:
7736:
7728:
7721:
7715:
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7697:
7689:
7685:
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7677:
7673:
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7660:
7652:
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7640:
7634:
7626:
7622:
7618:
7614:
7610:
7606:
7602:
7598:
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7590:
7589:
7581:
7574:
7568:
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7554:
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7533:
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7522:
7518:
7512:
7504:
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7485:
7480:
7476:
7472:
7468:
7464:
7460:
7453:
7438:
7434:
7428:
7419:
7418:10044/1/71039
7414:
7409:
7404:
7400:
7396:
7392:
7385:
7370:
7366:
7360:
7354:
7350:
7346:
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7338:
7334:
7330:
7324:
7316:
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7290:
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7278:
7274:
7270:
7266:
7262:
7258:
7254:
7250:
7246:
7239:
7232:
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7215:
7211:
7210:
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7194:
7190:
7186:
7182:
7178:
7174:
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7076:
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7060:
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7044:
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7031:
7023:
7019:
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7011:
7006:
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6997:
6993:
6990:(6956): 365.
6989:
6985:
6981:
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6972:
6963:
6959:
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6941:
6937:
6930:
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6833:
6827:
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6797:
6796:
6788:
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6774:
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6750:
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6742:
6738:
6734:
6730:
6729:
6721:
6713:
6709:
6705:
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6691:
6687:
6683:
6679:
6675:
6671:
6670:
6661:
6653:
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6645:
6641:
6637:
6633:
6629:
6625:
6621:
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6600:
6596:
6592:
6588:
6584:
6580:
6576:
6575:
6567:
6559:
6555:
6551:
6549:0-07-041878-0
6545:
6541:
6540:
6532:
6524:
6518:
6510:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6492:
6488:
6487:
6482:
6475:
6467:
6461:
6457:
6453:
6449:
6442:
6434:
6428:
6424:
6420:
6416:
6409:
6403:
6399:
6393:
6386:
6382:
6376:
6368:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6350:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6332:
6328:
6324:
6320:
6319:
6314:
6306:
6298:
6294:
6290:
6284:
6280:
6279:
6271:
6263:
6259:
6255:
6251:
6247:
6243:
6239:
6235:
6234:
6226:
6218:
6214:
6210:
6208:81-224-1839-2
6204:
6200:
6199:
6191:
6183:
6177:
6169:
6165:
6159:
6148:
6141:
6135:
6127:
6121:
6117:
6116:
6108:
6097:September 21,
6092:
6088:
6082:
6071:September 22,
6066:
6062:
6055:
6040:
6036:
6030:
6022:
6018:
6014:
6008:
6004:
5997:
5982:
5978:
5974:
5970:
5964:
5962:
5946:
5942:
5935:
5928:
5922:
5920:
5904:
5900:
5894:
5879:
5872:
5870:
5854:
5853:
5848:
5841:
5826:
5822:
5816:
5808:
5804:
5800:
5793:
5791:
5782:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5764:
5760:
5759:
5754:
5747:
5739:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5721:
5717:
5713:
5709:
5705:
5701:
5697:
5693:
5689:
5682:
5666:
5662:
5656:
5648:
5644:
5640:
5636:
5632:
5628:
5621:
5613:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5595:
5591:
5587:
5583:
5579:
5572:
5564:
5560:
5556:
5552:
5548:
5544:
5541:(2): 175–91.
5540:
5536:
5535:Ecotoxicology
5528:
5520:
5516:
5512:
5508:
5504:
5500:
5497:(2): 265–88.
5496:
5492:
5488:
5481:
5472:
5467:
5463:
5459:
5452:
5444:
5440:
5436:
5432:
5428:
5424:
5417:
5415:
5406:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5388:
5384:
5380:
5376:
5372:
5365:
5357:
5353:
5349:
5345:
5341:
5337:
5333:
5329:
5325:
5321:
5320:
5312:
5304:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5276:
5272:
5268:
5264:
5260:
5253:
5246:
5242:
5239:
5238:
5231:
5223:
5219:
5215:
5211:
5207:
5203:
5199:
5195:
5191:
5187:
5186:
5178:
5176:
5167:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5149:
5145:
5141:
5137:
5136:
5131:
5124:
5122:
5105:
5101:
5099:0-87371-924-7
5095:
5091:
5087:
5086:
5078:
5076:
5067:
5063:
5057:
5053:
5049:
5048:
5040:
5038:
5036:
5027:
5023:
5017:
5010:
5006:
5003:
5002:
4995:
4987:
4983:
4979:
4973:
4969:
4965:
4961:
4957:
4956:
4948:
4940:
4938:92-4-154685-9
4934:
4930:
4926:
4925:
4918:
4910:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4882:
4878:
4874:
4867:
4851:
4847:
4843:
4837:
4830:
4826:
4823:
4818:
4802:
4798:
4794:
4788:
4780:
4776:
4772:
4768:
4764:
4760:
4756:
4752:
4748:
4747:
4739:
4731:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4713:
4709:
4705:
4701:
4697:
4690:
4682:
4678:
4674:
4670:
4666:
4662:
4658:
4651:
4640:September 18,
4635:
4631:
4627:
4623:
4617:
4609:
4603:
4599:
4595:
4591:
4587:
4586:
4578:
4576:
4574:
4565:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4545:
4541:
4537:
4530:
4528:
4526:
4524:
4522:
4520:
4518:
4516:
4514:
4512:
4507:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4452:
4448:
4442:
4437:
4434:
4428:
4423:
4413:
4408:
4401:
4393:United States
4390:
4388:
4384:
4380:
4376:
4370:
4368:
4364:
4360:
4356:
4352:
4347:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4334:In 2024, The
4327:
4310:
4306:
4305:water quality
4301:
4294:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4270:
4266:
4262:
4258:
4254:
4252:
4243:
4232:
4230:
4226:
4225:deforestation
4221:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4199:
4191:
4187:
4175:
4171:
4167:
4163:
4159:
4155:
4150:
4146:
4145:crop residues
4142:
4141:animal slurry
4138:
4134:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4112:
4098:
4094:
4090:
4086:
4081:
4080:petrochemical
4077:
4073:
4069:
4068:surface water
4065:
4061:
4057:
4051:
4040:
4038:
4034:
4030:
4026:
4024:
4019:
4015:
4010:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3983:
3978:
3974:
3970:
3960:
3958:
3953:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3930:
3928:
3922:
3920:
3916:
3902:
3897:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3855:United States
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3600:
3591:
3586:
3584:
3579:
3577:
3572:
3571:
3568:
3564:
3562:
3558:
3555:For example,
3548:
3546:
3542:
3532:
3526:
3522:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3467:
3462:
3456:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3433:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3417:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3390:
3385:
3384:concentration
3381:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3284:
3278:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3255:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3214:, nutrients (
3213:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3180:
3178:
3177:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3146:
3142:
3133:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3108:anthropogenic
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3075:
3073:
3069:
3057:single-point.
3055:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3042:air pollution
3039:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3006:contamination
3003:
2997:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2958:drilling rigs
2955:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2928:
2924:
2917:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2881:, processing
2880:
2876:
2875:Radionuclides
2873:
2870:
2866:
2863:
2860:
2859:Microplastics
2857:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2833:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2771:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2744:
2740:
2735:
2731:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2686:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2658:
2651:
2647:
2646:public health
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2602:contamination
2599:
2595:
2591:
2585:
2574:
2572:
2568:
2558:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2503:body of water
2500:
2496:
2495:water quality
2492:
2486:
2477:
2473:
2468:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2373:
2369:
2364:
2357:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2324:, wind-blown
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2306:Air pollution
2303:
2299:
2295:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2245:
2234:
2231:
2230:its recycling
2227:
2226:microplastics
2223:
2219:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2171:
2167:
2165:
2161:
2156:
2154:
2150:
2149:marine debris
2146:
2145:microplastics
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2109:
2108:Lachine Canal
2104:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2080:illicit drugs
2077:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2008:
2007:
2004:
2001:has declared
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1980:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1891:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1863:
1861:
1857:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1740:
1738:
1737:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1715:
1711:
1709:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1667:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1581:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1553:Helminth eggs
1551:
1548:
1544:
1543:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1510:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1473:
1471:Death of fish
1470:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1397:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1385:Hepatovirus A
1381:
1378:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1346:
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1339:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1300:
1298:
1294:
1293:anthropogenic
1283:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
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1242:
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1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1173:point sources
1169:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1134:surface water
1131:
1127:
1123:
1120:results when
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1072:
1067:
1065:
1060:
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1049:
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1022:
1021:
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898:
896:
893:
892:
891:
888:
886:
883:
882:
876:
875:
868:
865:
863:
862:Water quality
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
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813:
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795:
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738:
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733:
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721:
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674:
671:
670:
669:
666:
664:
661:
660:
657:
652:
651:
644:
641:
639:
638:Traffic signs
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
620:
617:
612:
611:
604:
601:
600:
597:
592:
591:
584:
581:
580:
574:
573:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
545:Nanomaterials
543:
541:
538:
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531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
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511:
508:
506:
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448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
434:
431:
426:
425:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
407:Radioactivity
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
369:
366:
361:
360:
353:
352:Soundproofing
350:
348:
347:Noise control
345:
343:
342:Noise barrier
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
324:
321:
316:
315:
308:
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96:
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91:
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83:
79:
75:
70:
66:
65:
62:
57:
56:
52:
48:
47:
44:
40:
33:
19:
13007:Water supply
12958:
12946:
12934:
12903:Radium Girls
12898:Typhoid Mary
12585:Microbiology
12455:
12447:
12331:Epidemiology
12229:Organization
12180:Oral hygiene
12170:Hand washing
12148:Healthy diet
12078:Right to sit
12020:
11971:Labor rights
11786:
11774:
11762:
11743:
11644:Road ecology
11597:Applications
11573:Radioecology
11536:epidemiology
11469:Soil science
11464:Oceanography
11349: /
11223:Exploitation
11117:
11108:Conservation
11051:Desalination
10986:
10879:conservation
10714:Biodiversity
10662:conservation
10509:Agricultural
10437:Fossil fuels
10098:
10087:Hydrobiology
10072:Distribution
9883:
9879:Urban runoff
9839:Plastic bags
9762:Indian Ocean
9697:Anoxic event
9474:Point source
9416:Heavy metals
9390:Urban runoff
9370:Sulfur water
9348:Septic tanks
9237:
9194:Agent Orange
9048:Mining waste
8874:Manure waste
8704:Volcanic ash
8580:Black carbon
8536:Oil refining
8521:Particulates
8450:Construction
8316:
8294:
8285:
8276:
8267:
8247:
8235:
8217:
8199:
8180:
8161:
8147:
8130:
8120:30 September
8118:. Retrieved
8109:
8084:
8071:
8063:the original
8058:
8049:
8035:
8021:
8012:
8002:
7957:
7953:
7943:
7925:
7913:
7885:
7878:
7847:
7843:
7833:
7806:
7800:
7781:
7775:
7767:the original
7757:
7745:. Retrieved
7735:
7714:
7696:
7663:
7657:
7651:
7633:
7592:
7586:
7580:
7567:
7539:
7520:
7511:
7466:
7462:
7452:
7440:. Retrieved
7436:
7427:
7398:
7394:
7384:
7372:. Retrieved
7369:www.usgs.gov
7368:
7359:
7328:
7323:
7308:
7296:. Retrieved
7252:
7248:
7238:
7230:
7223:. Retrieved
7208:
7201:
7171:(6): 21–27.
7168:
7164:
7158:
7141:
7122:
7090:
7083:
7042:
7036:
7030:
6987:
6983:
6939:
6929:
6915:
6877:(1): 83–96.
6874:
6868:
6862:
6844:
6826:
6794:
6787:
6773:
6732:
6726:
6720:
6667:
6660:
6619:
6613:
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6572:
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6538:
6531:
6517:
6490:
6484:
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6447:
6441:
6414:
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6375:
6322:
6316:
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6277:
6270:
6237:
6231:
6225:
6197:
6190:
6176:
6158:
6147:the original
6134:
6114:
6107:
6095:. Retrieved
6090:
6081:
6069:. Retrieved
6065:the original
6054:
6042:. Retrieved
6038:
6029:
6002:
5996:
5984:. Retrieved
5980:
5948:. Retrieved
5944:
5934:
5906:. Retrieved
5902:
5893:
5881:. Retrieved
5856:. Retrieved
5850:
5840:
5828:. Retrieved
5824:
5815:
5802:
5762:
5756:
5746:
5695:
5691:
5681:
5669:. Retrieved
5664:
5655:
5633:(2): 91–97.
5630:
5626:
5620:
5585:
5581:
5571:
5538:
5534:
5527:
5494:
5490:
5480:
5461:
5451:
5426:
5422:
5378:
5374:
5364:
5323:
5317:
5311:
5266:
5262:
5252:
5236:
5230:
5189:
5183:
5139:
5133:
5108:. Retrieved
5104:the original
5088:. New York:
5084:
5066:Google Books
5064:– via
5046:
5016:
5000:
4994:
4954:
4947:
4923:
4917:
4880:
4876:
4866:
4856:November 14,
4854:. Retrieved
4850:the original
4836:
4817:
4807:November 14,
4805:. Retrieved
4801:the original
4787:
4744:
4738:
4703:
4699:
4689:
4664:
4660:
4650:
4638:. Retrieved
4625:
4616:
4584:
4543:
4539:
4433:Water portal
4379:water sports
4371:
4351:The Guardian
4348:
4340:Chris Whitty
4333:
4324:
4285:bioretention
4247:
4222:
4206:hydroseeding
4195:
4027:
4011:
3988:
3954:
3931:
3923:
3911:
3554:
3538:
3519:
3501:algal blooms
3466:
3439:
3419:
3399:Fecal sludge
3382:, etc.) the
3357:
3311:conductivity
3295:surroundings
3259:bioindicator
3256:
3181:
3174:
3172:
3120:
3085:
3081:
3065:
3034:agricultural
2885:, operating
2883:nuclear fuel
2788:, including
2786:Heavy metals
2780:
2773:
2701:
2688:
2682:
2664:
2655:
2604:rather than
2564:
2555:thermophilic
2551:biodiversity
2536:
2523:Urban runoff
2519:power plants
2414:septic tanks
2404:, stimulate
2370:of soil and
2258:agricultural
2222:Central Asia
2216:As of 2022,
2215:
2211:pit latrines
2192:
2177:
2168:
2157:
2127:
2057:
2034:it threatens
2009:
1995:agribusiness
1984:
1932:
1908:Heavy metals
1896:
1854:
1793:
1768:pit latrines
1764:septic tanks
1741:
1734:
1724:
1718:
1712:
1706:
1704:
1697:
1679:
1632:Conductivity
1547:an indicator
1540:
1391:
1383:
1373:insecticides
1321:
1303:Contaminants
1289:
1280:urban runoff
1245:
1241:power plants
1170:
1122:contaminants
1090:water bodies
1085:
1081:
1080:
950:Point source
895:Heavy metals
857:Urban runoff
842:Sulfur water
817:Septic tanks
724:
673:Agent Orange
583:Space debris
437:Agricultural
302:Volcanic ash
162:Particulates
88:(Mexico) to
43:
12960:WikiProject
12700:and history
12580:Engineering
12293:Vaccination
12165:Food safety
11788:WikiProject
11634:Remediation
11449:Geosciences
11422:Main fields
11342:Nationalism
11314:Common-pool
10955:Hydrosphere
10948:remediation
10933:Groundwater
10528:Degradation
10152:Ocean world
10077:Hydrosphere
10005:superheated
9692:Algal bloom
9444:Area source
9353:Pit latrine
9276:Groundwater
9033:Gold mining
9028:Coal mining
8999:Toxic waste
8964:Green waste
8937:Brown waste
8920:Solid waste
8467:Exhaust gas
8245:§ 1251
8092:April 2004.
7521:China Daily
7442:February 9,
7374:February 9,
6735:: 504–512.
6385:§ 1362
5582:Chemosphere
5429:: 620–640.
5185:Chemosphere
5110:January 26,
4883:(2): 1054.
4387:River Seine
4321:Philippines
4316:Legislation
4273:green roofs
4218:silt fences
3800:Philippines
3775:New Zealand
3680:El Salvador
3605:Afghanistan
3323:Secchi disk
3299:temperature
3291:equilibrium
3275:crustaceans
3248:surfactants
3238:, lead and
3190:(TSS)) and
3062:Agriculture
3046:smokestacks
3018:land runoff
2978:bunker fuel
2974:diesel fuel
2930:hydrocarbon
2739:copper mine
2678:storm drain
2634:agriculture
2630:fertilizers
2598:groundwater
2499:temperature
2478:until 2011.
2262:residential
2207:human feces
2141:macroscopic
2129:Solid waste
2069:antibiotics
2063:), such as
2054:metabolites
1885:, Germany).
1858:(PFAS) are
1847:(PCBs) and
1827:storm water
1811:diesel fuel
1750:), sewage,
1744:human feces
1736:Schistosoma
1444:Pollutants
1342:disinfected
1181:storm drain
1142:degradation
1138:groundwater
1114:groundwater
920:Area source
762:Groundwater
515:Green waste
495:Brown waste
479:Solid waste
237:Information
132:Exhaust gas
13012:Sanitation
12976:Categories
12713:Caribbean
12590:Processing
12524:Quarantine
12446:Student's
12246:Sanitation
11880:History of
11751:scientists
11337:Extraction
11296:Wilderness
11257:accounting
11240:Management
11206:ecological
11194:tragedy of
11113:Peak water
11098:Efficiency
11071:Sanitation
11013:Stormwater
11006:harvesting
10982:Irrigation
10884:management
10842:gene banks
10783:management
10761:management
10677:resilience
10643:phosphorus
10599:industrial
10577:Management
10553:soundscape
10459:Geothermal
10274:Wiktionary
10109:management
9955:Properties
9864:Stormwater
9717:Cyanotoxin
9596:by country
9592:Categories
9530:Zero waste
9411:Pollutants
9365:Stagnation
9303:Monitoring
9271:Freshwater
9147:Air travel
8959:Food waste
8879:Pesticides
8869:Herbicides
8773:Industrial
8602:Biological
8462:Demolition
8455:Renovation
8438:Joss paper
8423:Combustion
7725:(Report).
7641:(Report).
7595:: 142733.
7317:. Reuters.
6834:(Report).
6021:1052566532
5973:Roser, Max
5858:October 4,
5830:August 19,
5326:(9): 523.
5192:: 127340.
5024:(Report).
4986:1007100256
4502:References
4212:, such as
4200:, such as
4190:Silt fence
4149:irrigation
4137:pesticides
4133:fertilizer
3969:Sanitation
3865:Uzbekistan
3730:Kazakhstan
3625:Bangladesh
3551:By country
3535:Prevalence
3354:Ecosystems
3252:pesticides
3220:phosphorus
3103:atmosphere
3054:pollutants
2909:Oil spills
2847:herbicides
2839:pesticides
2807:food waste
2718:(see also
2610:sanitation
2594:pollutants
2547:food chain
2531:reservoirs
2527:stormwater
2505:caused by
2402:phosphorus
2372:fertilizer
2314:pesticides
2283:enter the
2254:industrial
2082:(see also
2052:and their
1929:phosphates
1823:oil spills
1819:combustion
1760:sanitation
1752:blackwater
1726:Salmonella
1682:protozoans
1646:irrigation
1640:Excessive
1592:detergents
1570:Pesticides
1534:Pathogens
1494:Phosphorus
1446:adsorption
1409:Pollutant
1377:herbicides
1367:phthalates
1286:Definition
1256:sanitation
1252:Technology
1197:pesticides
1154:irrigation
1130:stormwater
1110:reservoirs
1007:By country
999:Categories
890:Pollutants
867:Wastewater
837:Stagnation
782:Monitoring
757:Freshwater
623:Air travel
510:Food waste
452:Defecation
262:Ecological
195:Biological
127:Combustion
74:Raw sewage
49:Part of a
12893:John Snow
12820:Education
12810:Full list
12698:education
12622:ISO 22000
12575:Chemistry
12488:Epidemics
12441:ROC curve
12251:Emergency
12031:Radiation
12011:Pollution
11995:Ministers
11892:Euthenics
11629:Recycling
11499:Chemistry
11459:Limnology
11454:Hydrology
11347:Renewable
11332:Depletion
11319:Conflict
11201:Economics
11179:enclosure
11138:Resources
11118:Pollution
11035:Watershed
10938:pollution
10869:Seed bank
10864:Rangeland
10746:Fisheries
10731:Biosphere
10724:biopiracy
10667:fertility
10543:cityscape
10538:Landscape
10445:peak coal
10432:Resources
10383:Emissions
10187:Enceladus
10168:Specific
10104:Resources
10099:Pollution
10082:Hydrology
10048:Hydronium
10038:Tritiated
10028:Semiheavy
9933:Overviews
9874:Upwelling
9829:Oil spill
9804:Microbead
9742:Fish kill
9722:Dead zone
9488:Responses
9459:Garbology
9385:Turbidity
9333:Oil spill
9266:Firewater
9167:Vandalism
9129:Satellite
8826:Poisoning
8821:Plutonium
8801:Actinides
8793:Radiation
8541:Wood dust
8403:Acid rain
8378:Pollution
8172:The Times
7866:1476-1777
7747:April 13,
7625:225156609
7353:190160283
7298:August 9,
7293:129093839
7285:1093-474X
7277:1752-1688
7225:August 9,
7193:1548-8446
7165:Fisheries
6899:1573-0662
6818:960163923
6509:0022-0949
6349:0027-8424
6297:915416488
5986:April 12,
5950:March 24,
5908:March 24,
5883:April 12,
5781:0022-0949
5720:0027-8424
5671:March 10,
5647:0166-445X
5588:: 38–45.
5222:219974801
4681:0048-9697
4475:Pollution
4377:or other
4344:waterways
4287:systems,
4229:hydrology
4018:nutrients
3917:(BAT) or
3870:Venezuela
3825:Sri Lanka
3820:Singapore
3780:Nicaragua
3715:Indonesia
3695:Guatemala
3620:Australia
3473:nutrients
3445:ecosystem
3380:manganese
3368:chemicals
3319:turbidity
3293:with its
3244:petroleum
3192:turbidity
3112:lightning
3087:Acid rain
3050:tailpipes
3010:pollution
2982:waste oil
2968:(such as
2946:crude oil
2938:pollution
2927:petroleum
2923:oil spill
2916:Oil spill
2821:Inorganic
2762:pollutant
2712:cosmetics
2683:The U.S.
2612:systems,
2606:pollution
2557:species.
2451:acid rain
2422:emissions
2382:nutrients
2275:, excess
2269:particles
2188:nutrients
2137:landfills
1803:Petroleum
1762:systems (
1731:norovirus
1676:Pathogens
1587:(various)
1482:Nutrients
1433:Aesthetic
1334:products.
1229:inorganic
1213:turbidity
1189:oil spill
1118:pollution
935:Garbology
852:Turbidity
802:Oil spill
752:Firewater
737:Biosolids
643:Vandalism
402:Poisoning
397:Plutonium
372:Actinides
365:Radiation
107:Acid rain
82:New River
60:Pollution
12992:Aquifers
12936:Category
12635:sciences
12570:Additive
12241:Safe sex
12212:Medicine
12126:Theories
11897:Genomics
11875:Eugenics
11865:Deviance
11845:Auxology
11745:Category
11709:See also
11695:Glossary
11685:Journals
11373:Category
11306:Resource
11245:adaptive
11143:improved
11103:Conflict
11088:Security
11083:Scarcity
11076:improved
11066:Leaching
10943:recharge
10923:Drinking
10874:Wildlife
10741:Bushmeat
10736:Bushfood
10689:planning
10594:gemstone
10589:Minerals
10570:property
10558:viewshed
10548:seascape
10479:sunlight
10453:peak oil
10449:peak gas
10252:Category
9834:Particle
9576:Treaties
9548:Diseases
9360:Shipping
9256:Diseases
9104:Landfill
8779:Abstract
8776:Military
8709:Wildfire
8558:Smelting
8526:Asbestos
8114:Archived
7994:30910966
7905:16087827
7825:48053912
7688:17711227
7617:33572041
7503:18685114
7067:21141034
7014:14508477
6962:Archived
6958:21250344
6907:97714446
6765:58567561
6757:30620926
6704:27236142
6652:39997737
6644:23320453
6599:25889547
6558:48053912
6367:33972438
6262:17335857
6217:85857626
6044:June 19,
5975:(2023).
5738:35165193
5665:BBC News
5612:25898388
5555:24352829
5511:26487337
5443:27552641
5405:30509904
5381:(1764).
5356:52022441
5348:30116969
5303:29311318
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