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Washingtonians at their peak numbered in the tens of thousands, possibly as high as 600,000. However, in the space of just a few years, this society almost disappeared because they became fragmented in their primary purpose, becoming involved with all manner of controversial social reforms including
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Even taken as an insular reform, temperance was no singular movement of white, middle-class men. The working-class
Washingtonian movement comprised a notable departure from the mainstream. In particular, the Washingtonians demonstrated new ways of thinking about gender roles and definitions within
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The
Washingtonians drifted away from their initial purpose of helping the individual alcoholic, and disagreements, infighting, and controversies over prohibition eventually destroyed the group. The Washingtonians became so thoroughly extinct that, some 70 years later in 1935 when
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While there are similarities between A.A. and the
Washingtonians, the Washingtonians were so distinctly non-religious and non-spiritual in orientation that they were charged by their religious critics with the heresy of humanism (placing their own power above the power of
256:("Dr. Bob") joined together in forming Alcoholics Anonymous, neither of them had ever heard of the Washingtonians. Although comparisons are made between the Washingtonians and Alcoholics Anonymous, in some respects they have more in common with modern secular
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and temperance workers advanced their anti-alcohol views on every front. Public temperance meetings were frequent and the main thread was prohibition of alcohol and pledges of sobriety to be made by the individual.
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fellowship founded on
Thursday, April 2, 1840, by six alcoholics (William K. Mitchell, John F. Hoss, David Anderson, George Steers, James McCurley, and Archibald Campbell) at Chase's Tavern on Liberty Street in
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The idea was that by relying on each other, sharing their alcoholic experiences, and creating an atmosphere of conviviality, they could keep each other sober. Total
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attended and spoke at one of the great revivals, presumably not for treatment, but out of interest in various issues being discussed.
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Concurrent with this movement, a loose network of facilities both public and private offered treatment to drunkards. Referred to as
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had not yet been created), told them their experiences with excessive alcohol use, and how the
Society had helped them achieve
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173:. With the passage of time the Society became a prohibitionist organization in that it promoted the legal and mandatory
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Blumberg, Leonard U. The significance of the alcohol prohibitionists for the
Washingtonian Temperance Society.
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in that they focused on the individual alcoholic rather than on society's greater relationship with
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Beware the First Drink! The
Washingtonian Temperance Movement and Alcoholics Anonymous
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heresy, i.e., in their terms, of "placing their own power above the power of God".
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A Dictionary of
Literary Biographers; Antebellum Writers in New York and the South
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204:. In the mid-19th century, a temperance movement was in full sway across the
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White, William L. (2001). "Pre-A.A. Alcoholic Mutual Aid
Societies".
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Gender and the
American Temperance Movement of the Nineteenth Century
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by almost a century. Members sought out other "drunkards" (the term
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Abraham Lincoln's Temperance address to the Washingtonians, 1842
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457:. Vol 3. Myers, Joe (Ed.) : Detroit: Bruccoli, 1979, 3-7.
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The Washingtonians differed from other organizations in the
161:) was their goal. The group taught sobriety and preceded
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19th-century temperance movement in the United States
216:The Inebriate Home of Long Island, detail from the
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228:asylums and reformatory homes, they included the
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495:Washingtonian Forebears of Alcoholics Anonymous
460:Leonard U. Blumberg & William L. Pittman,
236:prohibition, sectarian religion, politics and
530:Temperance organizations in the United States
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109:Learn how and when to remove this message
437:Alcohol and Temperance in Modern History
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181:. The Society was the inspiration for
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435:Blocker, Jack S. et al. (Eds.),
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363:White, Charles (1921).
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123:Washingtonian movement
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369:. Abingdon. pp.
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137:) was a 19th-century
238:abolition of slavery
163:Alcoholics Anonymous
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41:Please help
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394:(2): 1–21.
175:prohibition
159:teetotalism
99:August 2008
504:Categories
298:References
151:abstinence
139:temperance
69:newspapers
416:149358033
408:1544-4538
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144:Baltimore
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262:humanism
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