907:
849:
641:
885:
242:
867:
85:
33:
60:
438:
685:
The palm's fronds are the most flammable portion of the tree. The unchecked buildup of dead fronds as a 'skirt' around the trunk can be especially dangerous in a crown fire. A severe accumulation of them could constitute enough kindling to completely burn through the trunk, killing the tree. However,
828:
8. It can survive brief temperatures of −10 °C (14 °F) with minor damage, and established plants have survived, with severe leaf damage, brief periods as low as −17 °C (1 °F). The plants grow best in arid or
Mediterranean climates, but can be found in humid subtropical climates
689:
Barring extreme, fatal conditions, fires are even conducive to the health and propagation of fan palms. The palms' reproduction process benefits from burnings, as fires help release saplings and clear away overgrowth from surrounding vegetation. Fires can also help palms conserve water by burning
681:
The fan palm's trunk is heavily resistant to burning. In most cases, the trunk is only at risk of losing some of its outer vascular layers during a fire. After those layers are ignited and burnt off, the remaining surface is left heavily charred, which fortifies the trunk against future flames.
512:-filaments, between the segments. The trunk is gray and tan, and the leaves are gray green. When the fronds die, they remain attached and drop down to cloak the trunk in a wide skirt. The shelter that the skirt creates provides a microhabitat for many small birds and invertebrates.
1539:
Monroy, F.; Curir, P.; Clematis, F.; Cangelosi, B. (June 2016). "Susceptibility and possible resistance mechanisms in the palm species
Phoenix dactylifera, Chamaerops humilis and Washingtonia filifera against Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier, 1790) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)".
780:
in the Mojave Desert preserves and protects healthy riparian palm habitat examples in the Little San
Bernardino Mountains, and westward where water rises through the San Andreas Fault on the east valley side. In the central Coachella Valley, the
698:
Grazing animals can kill young plants through trampling, or by eating the terminus at the apical meristem, the growing portion of the plant. This may have kept palms restricted to a lesser range than indicated by the availability of water.
493:
grows to 18 m (59 ft) in height, and occasionally to as much as 25 m (82 ft) in ideal conditions. The
California fan palm is also known as the desert fan palm, American cotton palm, and Arizona fan palm.
508:
up to 2 m (6.6 ft) long, bearing a fan of leaflets 1.5–2.0 m (4.9–6.6 ft) long. They have long, thread-like, white fibers, and the petioles are pure green with yellow edges and
906:
1283:, or the California fan palm, is the state's only naturally occurring variety and that they are found in pockets around southern California, Northern Mexico, and one or two pockets in Arizona.
1863:
666:
Today's oasis environment may have been protected from colder climatic changes over the course of its evolution. Thus, this palm is restricted by both water and climate to widely separated
660:, and many other bird species. Hooded orioles rely on the trees for food and places to build nests. Numerous insect species visit the hanging inflorescences that appear in late spring.
848:
1820:
670:
groves. The trees in these groves show little if any genetic differentiation, (through electrophoretic examination), suggesting that the genus is genetically very stable.
678:
Fan palm oases have historically been subject to both natural and manmade fires. Fires are rarely fatal for the fan palm, but it is also not completely immune to them.
858:
790:
1829:
884:
663:
Historically, natural oases are mainly restricted to areas downstream from the source of hot springs, though water is not always visible at the surface.
712:) can chew through the trunks of this and other palms. Eventually, a continued infestation of beetles can kill various genera and species of palms.
690:
away their crowns and parts of their trunks, leading to a reduction in surface area and therefore decreased rates of evaporation and transpiration.
1448:
2551:
2531:
2441:
2146:
2541:
1267:
1253:
Naturalized
Populations of the Desert Fan Palm, Washingtonia filifera, in Death Valley National Monument in Plant Biology of Eastern California
2198:
2521:
741:
The sweet fruit pulp of the fan palm is edible. The fruit was eaten raw, cooked, or ground into flour for cakes by Native
Americans. The
866:
2273:
786:
686:
if a palm can survive the burning of its fronds, they will take time to regrow, leaving it less susceptible to fire in the meantime.
2094:
529:
is the only palm native to the
Western United States and one of the country's largest native palms, exceeded in height only by the
1817:
2566:
2454:
2415:
2159:
2107:
1328:
1127:
Flora of North
America: North of Mexico Volume 22: Magnoliophyta: Alismatidae, Arecidae, Commelinidae (in Part), and Zingiberidae
2536:
455:
2546:
2459:
2252:
2164:
1789:
1374:
Cornett, J. W. 1986. Arthropod visitors at
Washingtonia filifera (Wendl) Flowers. Pan Pacific Entomologist 62(3):224–25.
2556:
2035:
1675:
1600:
1471:
1156:
1134:
1110:
1089:
1846:
2561:
1304:
477:
2330:
2203:
729:
Currently, the desert fan palm is experiencing a population and range expansion, perhaps due to global warming or
2571:
2428:
2133:
1996:
1915:
2472:
1952:
2325:
1650:
1235:
898:
794:
459:
2291:
802:
2076:
1855:
750:
502:
41:
1975:
2389:
2299:
1965:
1960:
1934:
830:
84:
1838:
934:
2467:
2420:
2286:
2112:
1410:
387:
2576:
1759:
777:
757:
have written memories of using this palm's seed, fruit, or leaves for various purposes, including as
718:
394:, Mexico. Growing to 15–20 m (49–66 ft) tall by 3–6 m (10–20 ft) broad, it is an
2050:
2242:
984:
565:
2190:
448:
2278:
1173:
682:
Subsequent burnings serve to char the trunk more, further increasing its fire resistance.
589:
2446:
2151:
2071:
1877:
754:
2526:
1442:
834:
640:
418:
211:
2229:
2177:
2009:
1351:"Washingtonia filifera (Rafarin) H.Wendl. ex de Bary, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 37: LXI (1879)"
927:
581:
1255:. Los Angeles: White Mountain Research Station, University of California. pp. 167–74.
8:
2237:
49:
2063:
1350:
2493:
2338:
2265:
1573:
1521:
1430:
1208:
1199:
Clover, E.U. (April 1937). "Vegetational survey of the lower Rio Grand Valley, Texas".
1036:
653:
593:
254:
79:
2402:
2224:
1983:
1737:
1671:
1646:
1596:
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1557:
1517:
1300:
1231:
1152:
1130:
1106:
1085:
961:
782:
704:
649:
1525:
1279:
Mark
Fleming, curator of botany at the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum of Tucson, says
2498:
2407:
2343:
2001:
1988:
1549:
1513:
1422:
1320:
979:
667:
561:
505:
376:
232:
2394:
2304:
1939:
241:
2381:
2370:
2211:
1926:
1824:
817:
762:
730:
609:
585:
541:
530:
391:
372:
343:
122:
2260:
1692:
825:
625:
549:
109:
1809:
1553:
2515:
2172:
2040:
1900:
1745:
1561:
970:
766:
657:
577:
557:
545:
178:
135:
69:
64:
1715:
2317:
1616:
1569:
1463:
821:
709:
597:
573:
383:
228:
188:
2485:
2216:
749:, and baskets. The woody petioles were used to make cooking utensils. The
405:-like growth habit. It has a sturdy, columnar trunk and waxy, fan-shaped (
2185:
2120:
1909:
758:
605:
569:
148:
2086:
1212:
1006:
32:
2099:
1643:
The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees: Western Region
1434:
1384:
723:
553:
462: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
829:
such as eastern Australia and the southeastern USA. It has gained the
2125:
2058:
2022:
629:
395:
379:
168:
1871:
1716:"A report regarding: The Palm – Washingtonia filifera – in Moapa NV"
1492:
Dembilio, Ó.; Jacas, J.A.; Llácer, E. (August 2009). "Are the palms
1426:
580:(along the Colorado River), and several other isolated locations in
437:
2480:
2364:
2312:
1894:
1062:
Cornett, J. W. (1986). "The Common Name of Washingtonia filifera".
742:
537:
158:
2433:
2138:
2027:
1595:(Second ed.). Palm Springs, California: Nature Trails Press.
1411:"Vegetation of California Fan Palm Oases on the San Andreas Fault"
1670:(Third ed.). Palm Springs, California: Nature Trails Press.
1408:
1299:. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. p. 1025.
613:
406:
398:
2014:
588:, where it occurs in isolated canyons and oases as far south as
1947:
1321:"Plant Profile for Washingtonia filifera (California fan palm)"
894:
746:
617:
601:
875:
498:
96:
1538:
953:
621:
402:
745:
and related tribes used the leaves to make sandals, roof
1230:. Palm Springs, California: Palm Springs Desert Museum.
1693:"Washingtonia filifera: Nevada's rejected ancient Palm"
644:
A grove of Washingtonia filifera south of Palm Springs.
584:, Nevada. In Mexico, it is native only to the state of
1818:
Interactive Distribution Map for Washingtonia filifera
859:
Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains National Monument
791:
Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains National Monument
789:, other large oases are protected and accessible. The
1617:"global warming & W. filifera Palms – a rebuttal"
632:
as well as in Morocco, Egypt, Iraq, Spain and Italy.
1491:
1385:"Desert Fan Palms-Evidence suggests "Relict Genus""
604:(Mexico). It is also reportedly naturalized in the
540:habitats at spring-fed and stream-fed oases in the
501:are up to 4 m (13 ft) long, made up of a
1645:(Chanticleer Press ed.). Knopf. p. 325.
1171:
1101:Kearney, Thomas and Robert Hibbs Peebles (1960).
2513:
1684:
726:– production of compounds lethal to the larvae.
716:appears to be resistant to the red palm weevil (
1867:(California fan palm) – U.C. CalPhotos Gallery
1707:
985:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T38725A59318379.en
518:typically lives from 80 to 250 years or more.
1461:
1265:
1790:"California Fan Palm, Washingtonia filifera"
1485:
1447:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1198:
548:. It is also found near watercourses in the
1713:
1690:
1228:The Sonoran Desert: A Brief Natural History
1121:
1119:
959:
805:hosts an accessible grove of this species.
1409:Vogl, Richard; McHargue, Lawrence (1966).
1355:World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
1192:
1105:. University of California Press. p. 164.
1084:. University of California Press. p. 165.
240:
58:
31:
983:
648:Desert fan palms provide habitat for the
478:Learn how and when to remove this message
1500:suitable hosts for the red palm weevil,
1348:
1146:
1116:
1029:
639:
544:and at a few scattered locations in the
536:Primary populations are found in desert
1736:
1665:
1590:
1329:United States Department of Agriculture
1294:
1250:
1225:
1082:A Natural History of the Sonoran Desert
1061:
1011:(Linden ex André) H. Wendl. ex de Bary"
999:
915:, inflorescence and the fruiting season
2552:Natural history of the Colorado Desert
2532:Flora of the California desert regions
2514:
1640:
1325:Natural Resources Conservation Service
1041:(Linden ex André) H.Wendl. ex de Bary"
2542:Flora of Riverside County, California
1876:
1875:
878:with fibrous threads on leaf segments
2331:e4637d2d-43ef-4bd3-abdb-bf46f4bbd0a0
1468:Center for Invasive Species Research
1455:
1342:
1313:
1172:Hogan, C. Michael (5 January 2009).
1165:
1140:
1125:Flora of North America Association.
460:adding citations to reliable sources
431:
283:(Linden ex André) hort. ex S. Watson
2522:IUCN Red List least concern species
1268:"Are palm trees native to Arizona?"
971:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
801:canyon oasis habitats. In Arizona,
673:
13:
2473:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77245511-1
1742:A Natural History of Western Trees
1542:Bulletin of Entomological Research
1472:University of California Riverside
1462:Nisson, N.; Hodel, D.; Hoddle, M.
14:
2588:
1803:
596:species in the warm springs near
291:(H. Wendl. ex Franceschi) Pfister
2292:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:267788-2
1518:10.1111/j.1439-0418.2009.01385.x
905:
883:
865:
847:
600:and in the extreme northwest of
436:
83:
1782:
1752:
1730:
1659:
1634:
1609:
1584:
1532:
1402:
1377:
1368:
1288:
1266:Nothaft, Mark (22 March 2016).
1259:
1244:
1219:
783:Indio Hills Palms State Reserve
521:
447:needs additional citations for
2567:Garden plants of North America
1095:
1074:
1055:
899:Anza-Borrego Desert State Park
824:palms, rated as hardy to USDA
808:
795:Anza-Borrego Desert State Park
427:
1:
2537:Flora of the Coachella Valley
1839:UC Jepson Manual treatment –
1770:. Royal Horticultural Society
1506:Journal of Applied Entomology
1415:Ecological Society of America
947:
803:Kofa National Wildlife Refuge
2547:Flora of the Sonoran Deserts
1668:Indian Uses of Desert Plants
820:. It is one of the hardiest
797:both have large and diverse
42:Twentynine Palms, California
7:
1641:Little, Elbert L. (1994) .
1147:Harrison, Lorraine (2012).
1017:. Missouri Botanical Garden
920:
831:Royal Horticultural Society
816:is widely cultivated as an
531:Cuban or Florida royal palm
296:Neowashingtonia filamentosa
10:
2593:
1666:Cornett, James W. (2011).
1591:Cornett, James W. (2010).
1251:Cornett, James W. (1987).
1226:Cornett, James W. (1997).
840:
693:
635:
388:southwestern United States
2557:Trees of Northern America
2354:
1884:
1859:in Flora of North America
1554:10.1017/S000748531500108X
1502:Rhynchophorus ferrugineus
787:Coachella Valley Preserve
778:Joshua Tree National Park
772:
719:Rhynchophorus ferrugineus
260:
253:
248:
239:
217:
210:
80:Scientific classification
78:
56:
47:
39:
30:
23:
2562:Plants described in 1879
1504:(Col. Curculionidae)?".
1297:Flora of Baja California
1295:Wiggins, Ira L. (1980).
1151:. UK: Mitchell Beazley.
650:giant palm-boring beetle
424:means "thread-bearing".
412:
328:Washingtonia filamentosa
304:Neowashingtonia filifera
1738:Peattie, Donald Culross
1149:RHS Latin for Gardeners
1080:Griffin, Bruce (2000).
769:) has also been eaten.
736:
702:The palm boring beetle
312:Pritchardia filamentosa
307:(Linden ex André) Sudw.
2572:Drought-tolerant trees
1174:"California Fan Palm (
1129:. pp. 105–06, 116–17.
755:Southern Paiute people
645:
564:and near New River in
2243:Washingtonia filifera
1953:washingtonia-filifera
1916:Washingtonia filifera
1886:Washingtonia filifera
1865:Washingtonia filifera
1857:Washingtonia filifera
1851:(California fan palm)
1849:Washingtonia filifera
1841:Washingtonia filifera
1834:(California fan palm)
1832:Washingtonia filifera
1830:USDA Plants Profile:
1812:Washingtonia filifera
1762:Washingtonia filifera
1494:Washingtonia filifera
1281:Washingtonia filifera
1176:Washingtonia filifera
1039:Washingtonia filifera
1009:Washingtonia filifera
978:: e.T38725A59318379.
964:Washingtonia filifera
835:Award of Garden Merit
814:Washingtonia filifera
751:Moapa band of Paiutes
643:
568:, and in portions of
527:Washingtonia filifera
516:Washingtonia filifera
491:Washingtonia filifera
356:Washingtonia filifera
336:Washingtonia filifera
288:Livistona filamentosa
221:Washingtonia filifera
25:Washingtonia filifera
2356:Pritchardia filifera
1714:Spencer, W. (1995).
1691:Spencer, W. (1995).
960:Carrero, C. (2021).
928:Washingtonia robusta
722:) by a mechanism of
620:, extreme southwest
590:Bahía de los Angeles
456:improve this article
320:Pritchardia filifera
16:Species of palm tree
1847:Calflora Database:
1823:2 July 2017 at the
365:California fan palm
331:(Franceschi) Kuntze
275:(Franceschi) Kuntze
50:Conservation status
1764:: Washington palm"
1498:Chamaerops humilis
654:western yellow bat
646:
299:(Franceschi) Sudw.
272:Brahea filamentosa
40:Native grove near
2509:
2508:
2225:Open Tree of Life
1878:Taxon identifiers
1794:realpalmtrees.com
1593:Desert Palm Oasis
1464:"Red Palm Weevil"
1043:. PlantList. 2013
705:Dinapate wrightii
488:
487:
480:
352:
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346:
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323:Linden ex André
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73:
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997:
996:
994:
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987:
957:
931:Mexican fan palm
909:
887:
869:
857:in Palm Canyon,
851:
674:Fire adaptations
562:Hassayampa River
483:
476:
472:
469:
463:
440:
432:
419:specific epithet
342:
330:
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203:W. filifera
88:
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2212:Observation.org
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1825:Wayback Machine
1810:Floridata.com:
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1427:10.2307/1933929
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586:Baja California
566:Maricopa County
542:Colorado Desert
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373:flowering plant
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361:desert fan palm
280:Brahea filifera
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1804:External links
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1103:Arizona Flora
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767:heart of palm
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658:hooded oriole
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578:Mohave County
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546:Mojave Desert
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445:This section
443:
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273:
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264:Brahea dulcis
262:
261:
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256:
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234:
230:
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222:
216:
213:
212:Binomial name
209:
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192:
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187:
184:
183:
180:
179:Trachycarpeae
177:
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110:Tracheophytes
108:
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77:
71:
66:
65:Least Concern
55:
51:
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38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
2527:Washingtonia
2355:
1885:
1864:
1856:
1848:
1840:
1831:
1811:
1793:
1784:
1772:. Retrieved
1767:
1761:
1754:
1744:. New York:
1741:
1732:
1720:. Retrieved
1709:
1697:. Retrieved
1686:
1667:
1661:
1642:
1636:
1624:. Retrieved
1621:www.xeri.com
1620:
1611:
1592:
1586:
1545:
1541:
1534:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1487:
1475:. Retrieved
1467:
1457:
1443:cite journal
1418:
1414:
1404:
1392:. Retrieved
1389:www.xeri.com
1388:
1379:
1370:
1358:. Retrieved
1354:
1344:
1332:. Retrieved
1324:
1315:
1296:
1290:
1280:
1278:
1271:. Retrieved
1261:
1252:
1246:
1227:
1221:
1207:(2): 41–66.
1204:
1200:
1194:
1182:. Retrieved
1175:
1167:
1148:
1142:
1126:
1102:
1097:
1081:
1076:
1070:(4): 153–55.
1067:
1063:
1057:
1045:. Retrieved
1038:
1031:
1019:. Retrieved
1015:Tropicos.org
1014:
1008:
1001:
989:. Retrieved
975:
969:
963:
955:
939:
936:Washingtonia
935:
926:
912:
890:
872:
854:
813:
812:
798:
776:
740:
728:
717:
713:
710:Bostrichidae
703:
701:
697:
688:
684:
680:
677:
665:
662:
647:
598:Death Valley
582:Clark County
574:Pinal County
560:, along the
535:
526:
525:
522:Distribution
515:
514:
509:
496:
490:
489:
474:
465:
454:Please help
449:verification
446:
421:
416:
375:in the palm
368:
364:
360:
355:
354:
353:
339:
335:
327:
319:
311:
303:
295:
287:
279:
271:
263:
220:
218:
202:
201:
190:Washingtonia
189:
142:
129:
116:
103:
24:
18:
2186:NatureServe
2121:iNaturalist
1910:Wikispecies
1626:10 December
1394:10 December
991:12 November
913:W. filifera
891:W. filifera
873:W. filifera
855:W. filifera
809:Cultivation
799:W. filifera
785:and nearby
759:famine food
714:W. filifera
624:, the U.S.
594:naturalized
570:Pima County
428:Description
386:to the far
340:microsperma
267:J.G. Cooper
149:Commelinids
123:Angiosperms
2516:Categories
2266:kew-214250
2261:Plant List
1973:Calflora:
1718:. xeri.com
1695:. xeri.com
1652:0394507614
1237:0937794279
1180:. iGoTerra
948:References
893:trees and
765:(known as
753:and other
724:antibiosis
592:. It is a
554:Gila River
552:along the
417:The Latin
409:) leaves.
315:Franceschi
2371:Q38485488
2077:220014259
2059:FloraBase
1578:206225113
1562:0007-4853
1064:Principes
940:filibusta
822:coryphoid
630:Australia
468:June 2014
396:evergreen
380:Arecaceae
197:Species:
169:Arecaceae
93:Kingdom:
2481:Tropicos
2447:11146657
2434:210315-2
2365:Wikidata
2326:VicFlora
2318:50311670
2313:Tropicos
2191:2.131363
2152:10802467
2139:267788-2
1895:Wikidata
1821:Archived
1774:17 March
1740:(1953).
1570:26976073
1526:85677945
1273:26 March
1213:41422215
921:See also
743:Cahuilla
538:riparian
510:filifera
422:filifera
255:Synonyms
233:H.Wendl.
165:Family:
159:Arecales
136:Monocots
70:IUCN 3.1
2486:2401374
2100:5294589
2015:1127834
1901:Q158389
1722:21 June
1699:21 June
1477:20 June
1435:1933929
1360:21 June
1334:20 June
1201:Madroño
1184:20 June
1047:20 June
1021:20 June
841:Gallery
694:Threats
636:Ecology
614:Florida
506:petiole
503:thorned
407:palmate
401:with a
399:monocot
371:, is a
185:Genus:
175:Tribe:
155:Order:
97:Plantae
68: (
2460:519624
2395:215318
2379:APDB:
2305:349989
2274:PLANTS
2217:125235
2204:145714
2087:WASFIL
2084:FoIO:
2051:wasfil
2048:FEIS:
2041:185819
1966:412262
1948:ARKive
1940:200785
1924:APDB:
1674:
1649:
1599:
1576:
1568:
1560:
1524:
1433:
1303:
1234:
1211:
1155:
1133:
1109:
1088:
943:hybrid
895:fronds
793:, and
773:Access
761:. The
747:thatch
668:relict
628:, and
618:Hawaii
602:Sonora
499:fronds
384:native
377:family
359:, the
229:Lindl.
2442:IRMNG
2421:29736
2408:4MKQ2
2382:33242
2250:PFI:
2230:18265
2178:38725
2165:42514
2147:IRMNG
2126:50184
2113:41967
2064:17910
2036:EUNIS
2028:WATFI
1989:5BV3M
1927:33243
1574:S2CID
1522:S2CID
1431:JSTOR
1209:JSTOR
876:frond
606:South
413:Names
367:, or
344:Becc.
338:var.
143:Clade
130:Clade
117:Clade
104:Clade
2468:POWO
2455:ITIS
2429:IPNI
2416:GRIN
2390:APNI
2287:POWO
2279:WAFI
2253:8646
2238:PfaF
2199:NCBI
2173:IUCN
2160:ITIS
2134:IPNI
2108:GRIN
2095:GBIF
2023:EPPO
2002:2770
1997:CNPS
1976:8336
1961:BOLD
1935:APNI
1776:2021
1724:2014
1701:2014
1672:ISBN
1647:ISBN
1628:2016
1597:ISBN
1566:PMID
1558:ISSN
1496:and
1479:2014
1449:link
1396:2016
1362:2014
1336:2014
1301:ISBN
1275:2016
1232:ISBN
1186:2014
1153:ISBN
1131:ISBN
1107:ISBN
1086:ISBN
1049:2014
1023:2014
993:2021
976:2021
737:Uses
622:Utah
608:and
558:Yuma
497:The
403:tree
390:and
2494:WFO
2403:CoL
2339:WFO
2300:RHS
2072:FNA
2010:EoL
1984:CoL
1550:doi
1546:106
1514:doi
1510:133
1423:doi
980:doi
897:in
833:'s
763:bud
556:in
458:by
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2012::
1999::
1986::
1963::
1950::
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1766:.
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1572:.
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1445:}}
1441:{{
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1327:.
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1118:^
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1066:.
1013:.
974:.
968:.
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475:(
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466:(
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227:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
