77:
5306:
4743:
3883:
2515:
3478:
6970:
3187:
6600:
5136:
3150:
2575:
3729:
7322:
5363:
2289:
4057:
2925:
7312:
2550:
4328:
3135:
6184:
6075:
2758:
4397:
5391:
6417:
3409:
23:
4505:
764:
3322:
3145:
4500:
4052:
3724:
3317:
3130:
4617:
3579:
2562:
929:
hypothesising that this was the king Midas of
Phrygia, who had set up a monument in the city of his friend and ally, Warpalawas II. However, the long-time staunch pro-Assyrian orientation of Warpalawas II makes this hypothesis unlikely, and there is no evidence that Warpalawas II was ever an ally of
814:
claimed that
Warpalawas II supported him during his war against a coalition of eight kings led by the king of Phrygia that was trying to encroach on the Tabalian region, although the veracity of Wasusarmas's claim regarding the participation of Warpalawas in this war as his ally is still uncertain.
823:
Tuwana however to have come under direct Neo-Assyrian rule during the later years of
Warpalawas II's reign, especially following the annexation of the kingdom of Tabal, then reorganised as the kingdom of Bīt-Burutaš, and the deportation of its rebellious vassal king Ambaris in 713 BC, after which
709:
Both
Warpalawas II and Muwaḫḫaranis I may have been part of a dynasty which had ruled Tuwana for much of the 8th century BC, with another king of the same name, Warpalawas I, having been possibly ruled Tuwana in the earlier 8th century BC, and who might have been an ancestor of Muwaḫḫaranis I and
842:
The reason for these changes was due to the fact that, although
Warpalawas II and Awarikus had been loyal Neo-Assyrian vassals, Sargon II considered them as being too elderly to be able to efficiently uphold Neo-Assyrian authority in southeastern Anatolia, where the situation had become volatile
862:
The attack by Atuna and Ištuanda caused Assur to worry that
Warpallawas II might end up renouncing Neo-Assyrian overlordship, but Sargon II reassured him that Midas had made peace with him, which would leave the Tabalian kings incapable of relying against Phrygian power against the Neo-Assyrian
850:
This reorganisation also increased
Warpalawas II's authority in Tabal/Bīt-Burutaš so that Warpalawas II was ruling at least part of this kingdom's territory, as attested by Aššur-šarru-uṣur's report that two other Tabalian kingdoms,
906:
This suggests that
Warpalawas was one of the last still independent kings of the Tabal region who was being increasingly pressured by Phrygia and Assyria because of the location of his kingdom between these two powers.
760:, with both of the images being influenced by Neo-Assyrian artistic features; likewise, the Bor stele of Warpalawas II also depicted him in Assyrianising style, reflecting his close ties with the Neo-Assyrian Empire.
5305:
76:
918:, possibly dated from Warpalawas II's reign, as well as the robe decorated with Phrygian geometric designs depicted as worn by Warpalawas II in his Ivriz monument, suggest that aspects of
2193:
Anatolian
Interfaces: Hittites, Greeks, and their Neighbors: Proceedings of an International Conference on Cross-cultural Interaction, September 17-19, 2004, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
1996:
1699:
Aro, Sanna (2023). "Vanishing kingdoms: Tabal and Tuwana during the seventh century BC". In
Draycott, Catherine M.; Branting, Scott; Lehner, Joseph W.; Özarslan, Yasemin (eds.).
835:
Thus Tuwana and other nearby Anatolian kingdoms were placed the authority of Aššur-šarru-uṣur. Following the appointment of Aššur-šarru-uṣur, Warpalawas II of Tuwana and
866:
Warpalawas II seems to have continued his pro-Assyrian policy throughout his reign, thanks to which he was able to rule in Tuwana for a very long period until at least
1882:
Corpus of Hieroglyphic Luwian Inscriptions. Vol. 1: Inscriptions of the Iron Age. Part 1: Text, Introduction, Karatepe, Karkamis, Tell Ahmar, Maras, Malatya, Commagene
1844:"Forgetting an Empire, Creating a New Order: Trajectories of Rock-cut Monuments from Hittite into Post-Hittite Anatolia, and the Afterlife of the "Throne" of Kızıldağ"
2391:
790:
Tarḫunazzas himself recorded in his inscription that, in exchange for his services, Warpalawas II had rewarded him with Mount Mudi, which was a rocky outcrop of the
3838:
752:
Warpalawas II's pro-Assyrian orientation is visible in how his monuments used an Assyrianising style of sculpture: the best known of these monuments is a
3967:
3843:
4260:
6599:
3882:
3698:
2228:
Over the Mountains and Far Away: Studies in Near Eastern history and archaeology presented to Mirjo Salvini on the occasion of his 80th birthday
4638:
4359:
4270:
3959:
3674:
3616:
3612:
2384:
3916:
3912:
3620:
7325:
4363:
4170:
3741:
3704:
3670:
3245:
3241:
2574:
1666:
6969:
3528:
3372:
3237:
3233:
2514:
937:, is that Midas might have attempted to fill the power vacuum left in Tabal that followed the death of Sargon II in battle in Tabal in
4256:
4252:
4166:
3963:
2720:
1735:
The Routledge Handbook of the Peoples and Places of Ancient Western Asia: From the Early Bronze Age to the Fall of the Persian Empire
4367:
3624:
2377:
2094:
3770:
3524:
3504:
1311:
1307:
1285:
1281:
1259:
1255:
1089:
1085:
1060:
1056:
3477:
3186:
1654:
7479:
7432:
7402:
2247:
2212:
2177:
2142:
2029:
1961:
1935:
1893:
1867:
1819:
1790:
1754:
1720:
2187:
Yakubovich, Ilya (2008). "Luwian Migrations in Light of Linguistic Contacts". In Collins, Billie Jean; Bachvarova, Mary R.;
783:
The kingdom of Tuwana was powerful enough to have included a sub-kingdom, located at the site corresponding to present-day
5726:
3221:
3073:
2930:
839:
of Ḫiyawa became largely symbolic rulers although they might have still held the power to manage their kingdoms locally.
40:
6396:
4075:
4742:
903:
of Phrygia, with Aššur-šarru-uṣur being doubtful whether Warpalawas II was indeed loyal to the Neo-Assyrian Empire.
7526:
1908:
Inscriptions of the Iron Age, Part 2: Text: Amuq, Aleppo, Hama, Tabal, Assur Letters, Miscellaneous, Seals, Indices
7531:
6390:
6463:
6010:
5934:
36:
1701:
From Midas to Cyrus and Other Stories: Papers on Iron Age Anatolia in Honour of Geoffrey and Françoise Summers
7315:
7295:
6577:
6484:
6469:
6307:
6177:
5978:
5677:
5362:
2746:
2118:
756:, on which Warpalawas II, himself represented in Assyrian style, is depicted praying to the Luwian Storm-god
7116:
6925:
6901:
6301:
5281:
1983:
1806:
260:
7521:
6538:
5577:
5376:
4923:
4917:
3164:
2520:
1815:
1712:
1670:
7165:
7021:
6784:
6475:
6285:
5631:
5293:
5261:
5255:
3462:
2041:"The onager kings of Anatolia: Hartapus, Gordis, Muška and the steppe strand in early Phrygian culture"
899:
by Aššur-šarru-uṣur that Warpalawas II had demanded an audience with him in the company of an envoy of
2117:
Weeden, Mark (2017). "Tabal and the Limits of Assyrian Imperialism". In Heffron, Yağmur; Stone, Adam;
1802:"War in Anatolia in the post-Hittite period: the Anatolian Hieroglyphic inscription of TOPADA revised"
7302:
6910:
6796:
6778:
6628:
6290:
6154:
5855:
5670:
4567:
7288:
6933:
6930:
6853:
6823:
6766:
6752:
6158:
5142:
4880:
4297:
4081:
2924:
1768:
1048:
926:
5135:
6948:
6876:
6850:
6826:
6820:
6805:
6717:
6653:
6618:
6562:
6511:
6084:
4561:
4342:
4087:
3395:
2853:
2169:
2045:
1782:
718:
Warpalawas II appears to have succeeded his father Muwaḫḫaranis I on the throne of Tuwana around
1950:
Corpus of Hieroglyphic Luwian Inscriptions. Vol. 1: Inscriptions of the Iron Age. Part 3: Plates
933:
An alternative hypothesis regarding Phrygian influence in Tuwana, proposed by the Hittitologist
787:, and ruled by a king named Tarḫunazzas who identified himself as a "servant" of Warpalawas II.
7111:
7101:
6891:
6886:
6881:
6841:
6832:
6775:
6755:
6749:
6743:
6740:
6731:
6659:
6656:
6647:
6547:
6526:
6140:
5914:
5846:
5756:
5500:
5494:
4975:
4430:
4289:
3854:
3635:
3175:
3149:
3109:
2752:
2525:
1273:
7422:
3728:
2757:
7471:
Israel and the Aramaeans of Damascus: A Study in Archaeological Illumination of Bible History
7392:
7355:
7277:
7154:
6814:
6790:
6746:
6734:
6728:
6725:
6680:
6674:
6650:
6615:
6571:
6559:
6556:
6553:
6541:
6535:
6523:
6517:
6336:
6246:
6243:
6234:
5797:
3874:
1971:
1945:
1903:
1877:
1077:
832:
and the Tabalian region, including on Bīt-Burutaš, as well as general oversight over Tuwana.
784:
7469:
7321:
3134:
6722:
6671:
6580:
6574:
6544:
6146:
6099:
6087:
5911:
5852:
5476:
5370:
5193:
4720:
3868:
3389:
2806:
2126:
1979:
1975:
925:
The presence of the name "Midas" on one of these inscriptions has led to the archaeologist
6183:
1247:
798:
likely identical with the Mount Mulî mentioned in the records of the Neo-Assyrian Empire.
749:, and he appears to have maintained a policy of cooperating with the Neo-Assyrian Empire.
8:
7227:
7082:
6787:
6737:
6662:
6612:
6565:
6550:
6529:
6228:
6214:
6102:
6035:
5858:
5749:
5691:
5455:
5128:
4968:
4687:
4492:
4309:
4122:
3438:
2649:
1299:
738:
734:
284:
81:
Warpalawas II, king of Tuwana, prays in front of divine symbols. Detail of a stele from
7453:
7267:
7144:
6705:
6644:
6638:
6166:
6130:
6043:
6024:
5920:
5917:
5870:
5836:
5833:
5788:
5479:
5464:
5449:
5125:
5122:
5113:
4872:
4047:
3775:
3048:
2901:
2818:
2621:
5923:
2152:
Weeden, Mark (2023). "The Iron Age States of Central Anatolia and Northern Syria". In
1848:
Afterlives of Ancient Rock-cut Monuments in the Near East: Carvings in and out of Time
7475:
7428:
7398:
6691:
6665:
6641:
6623:
6423:
6344:
6252:
6121:
6093:
5908:
5876:
5867:
5809:
5806:
5803:
5791:
5779:
5694:
5615:
5467:
5461:
5428:
5422:
4993:
4866:
4730:
4552:
4278:
3877:
3871:
3679:
3647:
3192:
2401:
2243:
2208:
2188:
2173:
2138:
2025:
1991:
1957:
1931:
1889:
1863:
1786:
1750:
1716:
911:
627:
200:
168:
4855:
7351:
7263:
7209:
7140:
7127:
7106:
7071:
6920:
6708:
6677:
6532:
6508:
6276:
6273:
6267:
6222:
6115:
6096:
6090:
6046:
6029:
5873:
5864:
5861:
5785:
5782:
5620:
5505:
5092:
4182:
4116:
4104:
3797:
3344:
2634:
2098:
2062:
1859:
1823:
1678:
791:
401:
30:
2369:
7272:
7258:
7233:
7186:
7149:
7135:
6959:
6808:
6761:
6668:
6633:
6505:
6500:
6428:
6402:
6258:
6133:
6127:
6112:
6105:
6059:
6049:
5882:
5827:
5821:
5818:
5764:
5712:
5548:
5482:
5470:
5458:
5446:
5431:
5410:
5329:
5233:
5230:
5204:
5119:
5098:
5086:
5053:
5047:
5017:
4939:
4749:
4101:
4056:
4010:
4004:
3994:
3784:
2884:
2862:
2629:
2288:
1987:
1764:
1730:
593:
323:
248:
178:
7311:
2549:
2123:
At the Dawn of History: Ancient Near Eastern Studies in Honour of J. N. Postgate
767:
753:
7516:
7170:
6714:
6607:
6496:
6449:
6410:
6353:
6255:
6191:
6109:
6068:
6062:
6052:
6040:
5824:
5812:
5800:
5720:
5609:
5563:
5473:
5443:
5407:
5271:
5116:
5095:
5089:
5080:
5032:
5002:
4984:
4959:
4947:
4859:
4716:
4587:
4438:
4300:
4294:
4197:
4189:
4125:
4098:
4062:
3895:
3662:
3659:
3560:
2968:
2733:
2639:
2616:
2508:
2235:
2200:
1778:
1742:
1708:
795:
493:
292:
2102:
1683:
7510:
7465:
7388:
7373:
7245:
7177:
7057:
6702:
6699:
6452:
6446:
6406:
6362:
6270:
6231:
6065:
6004:
5905:
5902:
5830:
5815:
5776:
5773:
5716:
5655:
5537:
5243:
5236:
5213:
5107:
5101:
5065:
4987:
4943:
4900:
4692:
4590:
4584:
4542:
4441:
4244:
4206:
3979:
3865:
3779:
3589:
3540:
3295:
3279:
2972:
2898:
2859:
2833:
2827:
2788:
2729:
2700:
2425:
2165:
2161:
2130:
2066:
2017:
2013:
1923:
1919:
1674:
852:
811:
746:
742:
4327:
770:, depicting Warpalawas II (smaller, on the right) worshipping the Storm-god
82:
7418:
7215:
7093:
7027:
6945:
6936:
6867:
6793:
6696:
6440:
6341:
6264:
6118:
6074:
5954:
5879:
5839:
5770:
5767:
5761:
5700:
5652:
5640:
5554:
5531:
5524:
5440:
5434:
5404:
5216:
5188:
5170:
5161:
5110:
4903:
4897:
4891:
4796:
4766:
4572:
4484:
4381:
4318:
4266:
4095:
3820:
3755:
3745:
3656:
3607:
3492:
3472:
3468:
3253:
3117:
2977:
2957:
2910:
2869:
2656:
2611:
2460:
2445:
2239:
2153:
934:
706:
Warpalawas II was the son of the previous king of Tuwana, Muwaḫḫaranis I.
7230:
7221:
7076:
7030:
7015:
7006:
7000:
6942:
6844:
6802:
6772:
6769:
6711:
6568:
6520:
6431:
6350:
6347:
6330:
6240:
6055:
5998:
5995:
5992:
5967:
5957:
5945:
5794:
5735:
5688:
5664:
5658:
5649:
5643:
5588:
5551:
5534:
5518:
5452:
5437:
5425:
5413:
5384:
5351:
5348:
5210:
5185:
5182:
5176:
5083:
5044:
5041:
5029:
5014:
5011:
4999:
4906:
4894:
4885:
4834:
4828:
4778:
4775:
4763:
4760:
4696:
4673:
4656:
4642:
4633:
4403:
4332:
4322:
4174:
4159:
4153:
4137:
4134:
4037:
4016:
3926:
3889:
3812:
3653:
3443:
3368:
3363:
3356:
3326:
3312:
3275:
3125:
3034:
2949:
2919:
2905:
2674:
2660:
2605:
2540:
2470:
2440:
2294:
2204:
2134:
1855:
829:
771:
757:
497:
4396:
2266:
856:
7239:
7236:
7218:
7195:
7180:
7174:
7054:
7051:
7009:
6997:
6991:
6976:
6847:
6838:
6835:
6829:
6811:
6781:
6589:
6514:
6455:
6321:
6261:
6124:
6018:
5989:
5986:
5983:
5971:
5963:
5951:
5939:
5685:
5661:
5646:
5582:
5544:
5521:
5515:
5419:
5158:
4990:
4888:
4847:
4837:
4831:
4793:
4790:
4787:
4781:
4769:
4757:
4754:
4724:
4670:
4667:
4480:
4459:
4435:
4411:
4240:
4131:
4128:
4119:
4110:
4029:
3920:
3806:
3761:
3749:
3593:
3431:
3427:
3376:
3197:
3105:
3031:
3027:
2771:
2644:
2594:
2588:
2058:
2021:
1953:
1927:
1885:
1770:
The World of The Neo-Hittite Kingdoms: A Political and Military History
825:
807:
5390:
1617:
737:
under the name of Urpallâ as one of five kings who offered tribute to
7248:
7191:
7048:
7018:
7012:
7003:
6988:
6982:
6964:
6939:
6817:
6799:
6586:
6583:
6443:
6370:
6356:
6327:
6315:
6237:
6208:
5948:
5942:
5707:
5637:
5594:
5591:
5540:
5323:
5240:
5226:
5223:
5179:
5173:
5155:
5077:
5068:
5038:
5035:
5026:
5008:
5005:
4843:
4840:
4704:
4700:
4676:
4624:
4611:
4581:
4476:
4472:
4350:
4210:
3947:
3942:
3938:
3907:
3824:
3801:
3765:
3650:
3573:
3496:
3488:
3455:
3352:
3336:
3308:
3271:
3140:
3098:
2915:
2794:
2680:
1746:
919:
824:
Sargon II appointed one Aššur-šarru-uṣur as governor of Que based in
2226:. In Avetisyan, Pavel S.; Dan, Roberto; Grekyan, Yervand H. (eds.).
2223:
2082:
2040:
1843:
1801:
873:, at which date he was mentioned in the letter of Aššur-šarru-uṣur.
7198:
7024:
6985:
6979:
6856:
6437:
6434:
6379:
6376:
6318:
6249:
6199:
6162:
6015:
5557:
5416:
5398:
5381:
5319:
5246:
5220:
5167:
5149:
5059:
4934:
4825:
4816:
4804:
4772:
4736:
4712:
4662:
4630:
4606:
4578:
4548:
4536:
4529:
4515:
4509:
4444:
4354:
4336:
4248:
4226:
4222:
4107:
4033:
3862:
3816:
3793:
3788:
3719:
3714:
3683:
3500:
3424:
3420:
3413:
3291:
3212:
3057:
2889:
2879:
2874:
2865:
2801:
2784:
2555:
2502:
1827:
836:
674:
657:
214:
7427:. Penguin Books Limited. pp. 532–534 (Chronological Tables).
6416:
656:
Warpallawas II is referred to in Neo-Assyrian Akkadian sources as
7251:
7079:
7060:
7045:
7039:
7033:
6367:
6312:
6205:
6202:
6150:
6001:
5743:
5682:
5603:
5597:
5338:
5332:
5104:
5074:
4929:
4819:
4784:
4575:
4518:
4419:
4388:
4092:
3641:
3584:
3513:
3408:
3400:
3265:
3200:
3007:
3004:
2989:
2985:
2797:
2791:
2775:
2653:
2009:
1915:
882:
844:
631:
597:
517:
487:
481:
456:
450:
444:
438:
354:
348:
342:
336:
280:
274:
227:
190:
4504:
1518:
1506:
7042:
7036:
6994:
6905:
6373:
6324:
5899:
Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Babylonian dynasties ("Period of Chaos")
5697:
5600:
5585:
5569:
5314:
5299:
5164:
5071:
5062:
4996:
4953:
4822:
4813:
4810:
4807:
4708:
4680:
4621:
4512:
4407:
4234:
4113:
4025:
4013:
3644:
3601:
3566:
3547:
3519:
3416:
3348:
3286:
3229:
3181:
3090:
3061:
3017:
3014:
2964:
2894:
2812:
2765:
2715:
2690:
2685:
2664:
2481:
2455:
2430:
2341:
2231:
2196:
2005:
1911:
1851:
1850:. Culture and History of the Ancient Near East. Vol. 123.
1774:
1738:
1704:
915:
859:, had seized certain cities of Bīt-Burutaš from Warpalawas II.
288:
95:
4499:
4051:
3723:
3321:
3316:
3144:
3129:
1997:
Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie
763:
676:
659:
555:
216:
7242:
7224:
5739:
5345:
5326:
4392:
4303:
4274:
4201:
3933:
3597:
3484:
3403:
3331:
3208:
3204:
3086:
3024:
3020:
2981:
2768:
2710:
2705:
2695:
2668:
2450:
1174:
900:
4616:
3578:
2160:. The Oxford History of the Ancient Near East. Vol. 4.
6196:
5960:
5887:
5731:
5487:
4598:
4453:
4375:
4216:
4144:
3973:
3859:
3690:
3665:
3553:
3534:
3303:
3261:
3216:
3156:
3094:
3041:
3010:
2939:
2839:
2781:
2778:
2725:
2569:
2561:
2531:
2491:
2475:
2465:
2435:
2046:
Kadmos. Zeitschrift für vor- und frühgriechische Epigraphik
1910:. Corpus of Hieroglyphic Luwian Inscriptions. Vol. 1.
1605:
1162:
1150:
1028:
1026:
1024:
691:
683:
666:
449:
could also be used as a title meaning "warrior," while the
205:
91:
2083:"Tuwati and Wasusarma: Imitating the Behaviour of Assyria"
885:
to the north-west of Tuwana, as attested by a report from
4193:
1421:
1419:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1213:
1201:
1191:
1189:
1011:
1009:
996:
994:
952:
Warpalawas II was succeeded by his son, Muwaḫḫaranis II.
360:
327:
183:
7362:. New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich. pp. 48–49.
1629:
1566:
1554:
1494:
1021:
728:
295:
who reigned during the late 8th century BC, from around
85:. 8th century BC. Museum of the Ancient Orient, Istanbul
3830:
2486:
1841:
1623:
1583:
1581:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1335:
1333:
1230:
1228:
7341:
Rulers with names in italics are considered fictional.
1443:
1416:
1393:
1186:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1006:
991:
981:
979:
977:
975:
973:
971:
969:
967:
965:
637:
561:
4862:
Ilum-gamil Anam of Uruk Irdanene Rim-Anum Nabi-ilišu
1357:
1345:
1138:
843:
because of encroachment by the then growing power of
405:
3930:
Anbu, Anba, Bazi, Zizi of Mari, Limer, Sharrum-iter
2284:
1593:
1578:
1542:
1530:
1467:
1455:
1381:
1369:
1330:
1318:
1225:
615:
603:
480:
The linguist Rostyslav Oreshko meanwhile interprets
2399:
1121:
1096:
962:
3733:(King of Lagash, Sumer, Akkad, conqueror of Elam)
1431:
881:Warpalawas II also carried out relations with the
733:Warpalawas II was mentioned in the records of the
2051:Kadmos: Journal of Pre- and Early Greek Epigraphy
818:
7508:
341:and was derived by adding the adjectival suffix
1842:D'Alfonso, Lorenzo; Pedrinazzi, Matteo (2021).
1072:
1070:
1043:
1041:
1846:. In Ben-Dov, Jonathan; Rojas, Felipe (eds.).
643:
554:, being thus semantically similar to the name
2385:
2002:Encyclopaedia of Ancient Near Eastern Studies
1799:
1524:
1512:
741:in 738 and 737 BC, along with Tuwattīs II of
411:
7376:. cdli.ox.ac.uk. University of Oxford, CNRS.
7350:
4854:: Alila-hadum Sumu-binasa Naram-Sin of Uruk
3447:"King of Ur and Kish", victorious over Uruk
2156:; Moeller, Nadine; Potts, Daniel T. (eds.).
1655:"The longest Pisidian inscription (Kesme 2)"
1067:
1038:
621:
609:
7386:
6603:Seleukos I Nikator Tetradrachm from Babylon
1667:Russian State University for the Humanities
569:
539:
523:
501:
462:
437:According to the linguist Ilya Yakubovich,
419:
385:
369:
2392:
2378:
2221:
2186:
1252:Ancient Records of Middle Eastern Polities
1219:
1207:
1180:
1144:
1032:
7303:Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia and Persia
3899:"King of the four quarters of the world"
1682:
876:
7474:. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 5.
1944:
1902:
1876:
1168:
1156:
1015:
1000:
922:were arriving into Tuwana at this time.
762:
16:King of Tuwana, reigned c.740 – c.705 BC
7319:
2095:British Institute for the Study of Iraq
2038:
1970:
1410:
1195:
801:
41:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
7509:
7448:
7446:
7444:
7184:
6414:
6212:
3992:
3983:(Governor of Umma, King of all Sumer)
3887:
2811:
2151:
2116:
2080:
1652:
1611:
1449:
1425:
1387:
1363:
1351:
1339:
1324:
1312:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
1308:Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus
1304:Textual Sources of the Assyrian Empire
1286:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
1282:Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus
1260:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
1256:Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus
1234:
1090:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
1086:Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus
1061:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
1057:Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus
7464:
7309:
7276:
7271:
7262:
7214:
7153:
7148:
7139:
7134:
7125:
7115:
7110:
7105:
7100:
7091:
6957:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6909:
6900:
6890:
6885:
6874:
6865:
6759:
6494:
6401:
6299:
6289:
6175:
6023:
5932:
5754:
5747:
5705:
5629:
5607:
5575:
5561:
5530:
5514:
5388:
5360:
5336:
5291:
5252:
5197:
5133:
4966:
4951:
4928:
4915:
4878:
4728:
4685:
4559:
4535:
4527:
4490:
4428:
4417:
4387:
4371:
4340:
4307:
4287:
4265:
4232:
4141:
4073:
4061:
4020:
3932:
3924:
3852:
3633:
3387:
3380:
3342:
3269:
3251:
3220:
3173:
3139:
3124:
3116:
3103:
3084:
3072:
3055:
3039:
3002:
2955:
2929:
2851:
2816:
2744:
2568:
2537:
2530:
2519:
2500:
2373:
1820:American Schools of Oriental Research
1763:
1729:
1635:
1599:
1587:
1572:
1560:
1548:
1536:
1500:
1488:
1461:
1375:
1132:
1115:
985:
729:Submission to the Neo-Assyrian Empire
455:denoted status, thus giving the name
7417:
7441:
1698:
1437:
13:
7397:. Getty Publications. p. 14.
7316:Chronology of the Neolithic period
6968:
6598:
6415:
6397:First Achaemenid conquest of Egypt
6182:
6073:
5389:
5361:
5304:
5134:
4741:
4395:
2756:
2264:
1669:; Institute of Linguistics of the
14:
7543:
6973:Coin of Ardashir I, Hamadan mint.
5309:Pharaoh Ahmose I slaying a Hyksos
3120:("made the land of Elam submit")
2258:
43: instead of cuneiform script.
7394:Mesopotamia: Civilization Begins
7320:
7310:
4615:
4503:
4498:
4326:
4055:
4050:
3881:
3727:
3722:
3577:
3476:
3407:
3320:
3315:
3185:
3148:
3143:
3133:
3128:
2923:
2573:
2560:
2548:
2513:
2287:
1659:Journal of Language Relationship
1278:State Archives of Assyria Online
1082:State Archives of Assyria Online
1053:State Archives of Assyria Online
75:
21:
7458:
7411:
7380:
7366:
7344:
7335:
6391:Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt
2240:Archaeopress Publishing Limited
1624:D'Alfonso & Pedrinazzi 2021
1292:
1266:
1240:
693:
685:
668:
563:
516:, therefore giving to the name
413:
207:
7326:Rulers of Ancient Central Asia
6464:Twenty-eighth Dynasty of Egypt
6011:Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt
5935:Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt
4497:"Kings of Ur, Sumer and Akkad"
2224:"The Mighty Weapon of Tarhunt"
1653:Adiego, Ignasi-Xavier (2020).
819:Under direct Neo-Assyrian rule
651:
1:
7296:Muslim conquest of the Levant
6542:Cleopatra II Philometor Soter
6485:Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt
6470:Twenty-ninth Dynasty of Egypt
6308:Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt
6178:Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt
5979:Twenty-third Dynasty of Egypt
5678:Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt
2353:
2346:
2317:
955:
938:
893:
886:
867:
719:
636:is also attested in the form
303:
296:
158:
145:
112:
105:
5845:Fourth Babylonian dynasty ("
2579:(Uruk influence or control)
1807:Journal of Cuneiform Studies
675:
658:
638:
632:
616:
604:
598:
556:
518:
488:
482:
457:
451:
445:
439:
406:
355:
349:
343:
337:
317:
275:
215:
191:
7:
6539:Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator
5578:Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt
5377:Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt
4924:Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt
4918:Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt
4178:(Vassals of the Akkadians)
3165:Indus-Mesopotamia relations
2566:(Anonymous "King-priests")
2521:Egypt-Mesopotamia relations
2039:Oreshko, Rostyslav (2020).
1978:; Frantz-Szabó, Gabriella;
1816:University of Chicago Press
1800:D'Alfonso, Lorenzo (2019).
1713:British Institute at Ankara
1671:Russian Academy of Sciences
1300:"Urpalaʾa [1] (PN)"
1274:"Urpalaʾa [1] (PN)"
1248:"Urpalaʾa [1] (PN)"
828:who also held authority on
587:
232:Dynasty of Warpalawas I (?)
149: early 8th century BC
10:
7548:
7331:
7166:Sasanian conquest of Egypt
6593:
6476:Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt
6360:
6334:
6286:Assyrian conquest of Egypt
5632:Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt
5397:Third Babylonian dynasty (
5294:Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt
5256:Second Intermediate Period
4066:(vassal of the Akkadians)
3454:
2599:Early or legendary kings:
2309:Warpalawas I's dynasty (?)
1645:
1078:"Urpalla [1] (PN)"
1049:"Urpalla [1] (PN)"
778:
692:
684:
667:
644:
622:
610:
562:
412:
361:
328:
264:
206:
184:
7300:
7293:
7286:
7257:
7207:
7204:
7163:
7122:
7088:
7069:
6911:Parthamaspates of Parthia
6897:
6862:
6721:
6689:
6482:
6461:
6388:
6385:
6291:Assyrian conquest of Elam
6284:
6172:
6138:
6072:
6033:
5897:
5886:
5843:
5671:Third Intermediate Period
5486:
5357:
5201:Second Babylonian dynasty
5146:("Old Babylonian Period")
4912:
4864:
4628:
4596:
4568:Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt
4540:
4524:
4471:
4468:
4451:
4373:
4358:
4317:
4284:
4230:
4214:
4188:
4180:
4151:
4076:First Intermediate Period
4070:
4046:
4002:
3987:
3971:
3946:
3937:
3911:
3906:
3718:
3697:
3678:
3669:
3630:
3605:
3588:
3564:
3551:
3546:
3532:
3517:
3508:
3460:
3436:
3361:
3301:
3284:
3249:
3228:
3222:Early Dynastic Period III
3170:
3154:
3082:
3080:
3069:
2996:
2947:
2937:
2848:
2825:
2741:
2672:
2603:
2586:
2583:
2524:
2497:
2424:
2408:
2360:
2338:
2332:
2327:
2303:
2222:Yakubovich, Ilya (2019).
2103:10.1017/S0021088900000589
1982:; Bonacossi, D. Morandi;
1703:. BIAA Monograph Series.
1684:10.31826/jlr-2017-151-205
947:
626:) recorded in Phrygia. A
244:
236:
226:
199:
177:
167:
154:
141:
137:
129:
121:
101:
90:
74:
55:
50:
7289:Muslim conquest of Egypt
6753:Antiochus XIII Asiaticus
6584:Cleopatra VII Philopator
6081:Eight Babylonian Dynasty
5143:First Babylonian dynasty
4881:Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt
4385:(vassal of the Gutians)
4082:Seventh Dynasty of Egypt
3074:Early Dynastic Period II
2067:10.1515/kadmos-2020-0005
713:
602:is attested in the form
496:of the Luwian Storm-god
7527:8th-century BC monarchs
7374:"Rulers of Mesopotamia"
7117:Province of Mesopotamia
6926:Province of Mesopotamia
6902:Province of Mesopotamia
6877:Roman conquest of Egypt
6718:Antigonus II Mattathias
6512:Ptolemy II Philadelphus
6085:Ninurta-kudurri-usur II
4562:Middle Kingdom of Egypt
4088:Eighth Dynasty of Egypt
3396:Fourth Dynasty of Egypt
2931:Early Dynastic Period I
2854:Second Dynasty of Egypt
2170:Oxford University Press
1783:Oxford University Press
701:
400:, and cognate with the
312:
7532:Rock reliefs in Turkey
6974:
6756:Philip II Philoromaeus
6750:Antiochus XII Dionysus
6744:Demetrius III Eucaerus
6741:Antiochus XI Epiphanes
6732:Antiochus IX Cyzicenus
6604:
6572:Cleopatra VI Tryphaena
6527:Arsinoe III Philopator
6420:
6188:
6078:
5915:Ninurta-kudurri-usur I
5847:Second Dynasty of Isin
5394:
5367:
5310:
5139:
5022:(Non-dynastic usurpers
4746:
4431:Tenth Dynasty of Egypt
4400:
4290:Ninth Dynasty of Egypt
3855:Sixth Dynasty of Egypt
3636:Fifth Dynasty of Egypt
3463:Second kingdom of Mari
3176:Third Dynasty of Egypt
3110:Dumuzid, the Fisherman
2762:
2753:First Dynasty of Egypt
1974:(2014). "Urballa". In
877:Relations with Phrygia
775:
494:substantivised epithet
29:This article contains
7360:The Ancient Near East
7278:Byzantine Mesopotamia
7192:Province of Asoristan
7155:Byzantine Mesopotamia
6972:
6965:Province of Asoristan
6747:Philip I Philadelphus
6735:Seleucus VI Epiphanes
6729:Antiochus VIII Grypus
6726:Seleucus V Philometor
6681:Antiochus VII Sidetes
6675:Antiochus VI Dionysus
6602:
6575:Berenice IV Epiphanea
6536:Ptolemy VI Philometor
6524:Ptolemy IV Philopator
6521:Berenice II Euergetis
6518:Ptolemy III Euergetes
6419:
6337:Neo-Babylonian Empire
6247:Marduk-apla-iddina II
6244:Marduk-zakir-shumi II
6235:Marduk-apla-iddina II
6186:
6141:Humban-Tahrid dynasty
6077:
5798:Ninurta-tukulti-Ashur
5488:Middle Elamite period
5393:
5365:
5308:
5138:
4745:
4399:
4154:Third kingdom of Mari
3875:Merenre Nemtyemsaf II
2950:First kingdom of Mari
2760:
2747:Early Dynastic Period
2589:Proto-Dynastic period
2172:. pp. 912–1026.
2081:Weeden, Mark (2010).
2004:]. Vol. 14.
774:(taller, on the left)
766:
6723:Alexander II Zabinas
6587:Ptolemy XV Caesarion
6563:Ptolemy XI Alexander
6545:Ptolemy VIII Physcon
6100:Marduk-zakir-shumi I
6088:Mar-biti-ahhe-iddina
5912:Eulmash-shakin-shumi
5853:Marduk-kabit-ahheshu
5477:Marduk-apla-iddina I
5371:New Kingdom of Egypt
5194:Early Kassite rulers
4488:(Vassals of Ur III)
4469:(Vassals of UR III)
3869:Merenre Nemtyemsaf I
3839:Mesh-ki-ang-Nanna II
3390:Old Kingdom of Egypt
2242:. pp. 544–559.
2207:. pp. 123–134.
1862:. pp. 114–160.
1715:. pp. 113–135.
1614:, p. 1000-1001.
802:Relations with Tabal
596:cognate of the name
285:Syro-Hittite kingdom
7228:Shapur-i Shahrvaraz
6738:Antiochus X Eusebes
6566:Ptolemy XII Auletes
6557:Ptolemy X Alexander
6551:Ptolemy IX Lathyros
6530:Ptolemy V Epiphanes
6215:Neo-Assyrian Empire
6103:Marduk-balassu-iqbi
6036:Neo-Assyrian Empire
5859:Ninurta-nadin-shumi
5750:Syro-Hittite states
5456:Shagarakti-Shuriash
5129:Ashur-nadin-ahhe II
4123:Neferkare Pepiseneb
4022:Akkadian Governors:
2526:Pre-Dynastic period
2137:. p. 721-736.
2119:Worthington, Martin
1904:Hawkins, John David
739:Tiglath-Pileser III
735:Neo-Assyrian Empire
533:One of the Powerful
261:Hieroglyphic Luwian
7522:Syro-Hittite kings
7454:Sumerian King List
7268:Palaestina Secunda
7145:Palaestina Secunda
6975:
6706:Alexander Jannaeus
6605:
6595:Hellenistic Period
6421:
6189:
6167:Humban-haltash III
6131:Nabu-shuma-ukin II
6079:
6044:Tukulti-Ninurta II
6025:Kingdom of Samaria
5921:Mar-biti-apla-usur
5918:Shirikti-shuqamuna
5888:Neo-Elamite period
5871:Marduk-shapik-zeri
5856:Itti-Marduk-balatu
5837:Tiglath-Pileser II
5834:Ashur-resh-ishi II
5789:Enlil-kudurri-usur
5480:Zababa-shuma-iddin
5465:Kadashman-Harbe II
5450:Kadashman-Enlil II
5395:
5368:
5311:
5140:
5126:Ashur-rim-nisheshu
5123:Ashur-bel-nisheshu
5114:Ashur-nadin-ahhe I
4873:Siwe-Palar-Khuppak
4747:
4401:
3776:Lugal-kinishe-dudu
3157:Old Elamite period
3049:Mesh-ki-ang-gasher
2902:Sekhemib-Perenmaat
2819:Jemdet Nasr period
2763:
2189:Rutherford, Ian C.
2158:The Age of Assyria
1980:Krebernik, Manfred
1976:Streck, Michael P.
1638:, p. 150-152.
1575:, p. 284-285.
1563:, p. 158-159.
1527:, p. 148-149.
1515:, p. 143-144.
1503:, p. 148-149.
1183:, p. 552-553.
1171:, p. 261-264.
1159:, p. 262-263.
776:
7504:
7503:
7498:
7497:
7494:
7493:
7481:978-1-62564-606-4
7466:Unger, Merrill F.
7434:978-0-14-193825-7
7404:978-1-60606-649-2
7171:Province of Egypt
7102:Province of Egypt
6882:Province of Egypt
6624:Antigonid dynasty
6424:Achaemenid Empire
6345:Nebuchadnezzar II
6253:Ashur-nadin-shumi
6122:Nabu-shuma-ishkun
6094:Nabu-shuma-ukin I
5909:Kashshu-nadin-ahi
5877:Marduk-ahhe-eriba
5868:Marduk-nadin-ahhe
5810:Asharid-apal-Ekur
5807:Tiglath-Pileser I
5804:Ashur-resh-ishi I
5792:Ninurta-apal-Ekur
5780:Tukulti-Ninurta I
5727:Kingdom of Israel
5695:Osorkon the Elder
5616:Shutrukid dynasty
5501:Igehalkid dynasty
5468:Adad-shuma-iddina
5462:Enlil-nadin-shumi
5429:Kadashman-Enlil I
5423:Kadashman-harbe I
4867:Sukkalmah dynasty
4731:Isin-Larsa period
4553:Shimashki Dynasty
4279:Puzur-Inshushinak
3878:Netjerkare Siptah
3648:Neferirkare Kakai
3193:Egyptian pyramids
2402:Ancient Near East
2368:
2367:
2361:Succeeded by
2271:Hittite Monuments
2249:978-1-784-91943-6
2214:978-1-842-17270-4
2179:978-0-190-68763-2
2144:978-1-57506-471-0
2059:Walter de Gruyter
2031:978-3-110-41761-6
2022:Walter de Gruyter
1963:978-3-110-10864-4
1954:Walter de Gruyter
1937:978-3-110-10864-4
1928:Walter de Gruyter
1895:978-3-110-10864-4
1886:Walter de Gruyter
1869:978-9-004-46208-3
1792:978-0-199-21872-1
1756:978-0-415-39485-7
1722:978-1-912-09011-2
754:relief from Ivriz
347:to the adjective
273:
254:
253:
222:
195:
37:rendering support
7539:
7486:
7485:
7462:
7456:
7450:
7439:
7438:
7415:
7409:
7408:
7387:Thomas, Ariane;
7384:
7378:
7377:
7370:
7364:
7363:
7348:
7342:
7339:
7324:
7314:
7264:Palaestina Prima
7210:Byzantine Empire
7141:Palaestina Prima
7128:Byzantine Empire
7107:Syria Palaestina
7072:Palmyrene Empire
7058:Bahram VI Chobin
6921:Syria Palaestina
6709:Salome Alexandra
6692:Kingdom of Judea
6678:Diodotus Tryphon
6533:Cleopatra I Syra
6509:Ptolemy Keraunos
6277:Ashur-uballit II
6274:Sin-shumu-lishir
6268:Ashur-etil-ilani
6223:Sargonid dynasty
6116:Marduk-apla-usur
6097:Nabu-apla-iddina
6091:Shamash-mudammiq
6047:Ashurnasirpal II
6030:Kingdom of Judah
5874:Adad-apla-iddina
5865:Enlil-nadin-apli
5862:Nebuchadnezzar I
5786:Ashur-nirari III
5783:Ashur-nadin-apli
5621:Shutruk-Nakhunte
5506:Untash-Napirisha
5495:Kidinuid dynasty
5093:Shamshi-Adad III
4801:Dynasty of Larsa
4619:
4507:
4502:
4330:
4183:Shar-Kali-Sharri
4117:Neferkare Tereru
4105:Neferkare Khendu
4059:
4054:
3885:
3844:Kiku-siwe-tempti
3731:
3726:
3581:
3510:Kish III dynasty
3480:
3411:
3324:
3319:
3224:(2600–2340 BCE)
3189:
3152:
3147:
3137:
3132:
3076:(2700–2600 BCE)
2933:(2900–2700 BCE)
2927:
2844:(3100–2700 BCE)
2823:(3100–2900 BCE)
2577:
2564:
2552:
2528:(4000–2900 BCE)
2517:
2416:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2394:
2387:
2380:
2371:
2370:
2358:
2355:
2351:
2348:
2333:Preceded by
2323:
2322:
2319:
2301:
2300:
2297:
2292:
2291:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2265:Bilgin, Tayfun.
2253:
2218:
2183:
2148:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2035:
1967:
1946:Hawkins, John D.
1941:
1899:
1873:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1796:
1760:
1726:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1686:
1639:
1633:
1627:
1621:
1615:
1609:
1603:
1597:
1591:
1585:
1576:
1570:
1564:
1558:
1552:
1546:
1540:
1534:
1528:
1522:
1516:
1510:
1504:
1498:
1492:
1486:
1465:
1459:
1453:
1447:
1441:
1435:
1429:
1423:
1414:
1408:
1391:
1385:
1379:
1373:
1367:
1361:
1355:
1349:
1343:
1337:
1328:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1296:
1290:
1289:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1244:
1238:
1232:
1223:
1217:
1211:
1205:
1199:
1193:
1184:
1178:
1172:
1166:
1160:
1154:
1148:
1142:
1136:
1130:
1119:
1113:
1094:
1093:
1074:
1065:
1064:
1045:
1036:
1030:
1019:
1013:
1004:
998:
989:
983:
943:
940:
920:Phrygian culture
914:inscriptions on
898:
895:
891:
888:
883:Phrygian kingdom
872:
869:
845:Phrygian kingdom
812:kingdom of Tabal
792:Taurus Mountains
724:
721:
697:
696:
695:
689:
688:
687:
681:
672:
671:
670:
664:
647:
646:
641:
635:
625:
624:
619:
613:
612:
607:
601:
583:
580:
577:
574:
571:
567:
566:
565:
559:
553:
550:
549:One of Tarḫunzas
547:
544:
541:
537:
534:
531:
528:
525:
521:
515:
512:
511:the Powerful One
509:
506:
503:
491:
485:
476:
473:
470:
467:
464:
460:
454:
448:
442:
433:
430:
427:
424:
421:
417:
416:
415:
409:
399:
396:
393:
390:
387:
383:
380:
377:
374:
371:
367:
366:
364:
358:
352:
346:
340:
334:
333:
331:
308:
305:
301:
298:
278:
272:romanized:
271:
269:
267:
221:
213:
211:
210:
209:
194:
189:
187:
186:
163:
160:
150:
147:
117:
114:
110:
107:
79:
48:
47:
31:cuneiform script
25:
24:
7547:
7546:
7542:
7541:
7540:
7538:
7537:
7536:
7507:
7506:
7505:
7500:
7499:
7490:
7489:
7482:
7463:
7459:
7451:
7442:
7435:
7416:
7412:
7405:
7385:
7381:
7372:
7371:
7367:
7349:
7345:
7340:
7336:
7273:Byzantine Syria
7259:Byzantine Egypt
7234:Farrukh Hormizd
7194:
7190:
7187:Sasanian Empire
7173:
7169:
7150:Byzantine Syria
7136:Byzantine Egypt
7075:
6967:
6963:
6960:Sasanian Empire
6880:
6785:Mithridates III
6765:
6762:Parthian Empire
6695:
6634:Seleucid Empire
6631:
6621:
6597:
6506:Ptolemy I Soter
6504:
6501:Ptolemaic Egypt
6473:
6467:
6427:
6409:
6405:
6403:Kings of Byblos
6394:
6366:
6340:
6311:
6305:
6279:
6259:Mushezib-Marduk
6229:Tiglath-Pileser
6227:
6218:
6195:
6181:
6165:
6161:
6157:
6153:
6149:
6145:
6144:
6136:
6134:Nabu-mukin-zeri
6128:Nabu-nadin-zeri
6113:Marduk-bel-zeri
6106:Baba-aha-iddina
6083:
6060:Adad-nirari III
6050:Shalmaneser III
6039:
6028:
6027:
6014:
6008:
6007:
6005:Menkheperre Ini
5982:
5975:
5974:
5938:
5924:Nabû-mukin-apli
5901:
5890:(1100–540 BCE)
5883:Nabu-shum-libur
5851:
5828:Ashur-nirari IV
5822:Ashurnasirpal I
5819:Shamshi-Adad IV
5765:Ashur-uballit I
5760:
5742:
5738:
5734:
5730:
5724:
5723:
5719:
5715:
5713:Kings of Byblos
5711:
5681:
5674:
5668:
5667:
5636:
5635:
5619:
5613:
5581:
5568:
5567:
5549:Neferneferuaten
5509:
5508:
5504:
5498:
5492:
5491:(1500–1100 BCE)
5483:Enlil-nadin-ahi
5471:Adad-shuma-usur
5459:Kashtiliashu IV
5447:Kadashman-Turgu
5432:Burnaburiash II
5411:Kashtiliash III
5403:
5380:
5374:
5344:
5343:(1600–1260 BCE)
5342:
5312:
5303:
5297:
5285:
5279:
5275:
5269:
5265:
5259:
5239:
5234:Peshgaldaramesh
5229:
5219:
5209:
5205:Sealand Dynasty
5202:
5199:
5198:
5192:
5191:
5154:
5147:
5145:
5120:Ashur-nirari II
5099:Puzur-Ashur III
5087:Shamshi-Adad II
5058:
5056:
5054:Adaside dynasty
5051:
5050:
5025:
5023:
5021:
5020:
4983:
4981:
4979:
4972:
4963:
4957:
4946:
4942:
4940:Kings of Byblos
4938:
4932:
4921:
4884:
4871:
4870:
4852:Uruk VI dynasty
4850:
4799:
4750:Dynasty of Isin
4740:
4734:
4723:
4719:
4715:
4711:
4707:
4703:
4699:
4695:
4691:
4666:
4660:
4653:
4649:
4648:
4647:
4645:
4641:
4637:
4620:
4614:
4610:
4604:
4601:
4571:
4565:
4547:
4508:
4496:
4487:
4483:
4479:
4475:
4458:
4448:
4434:
4418:
4410:
4406:
4402:
4391:
4384:
4380:
4366:
4362:
4353:
4349:
4348:
4346:
4335:
4331:
4325:
4321:
4312:(2150–2000 BCE)
4293:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4263:
4259:
4255:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4239:
4225:
4221:
4209:
4205:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4157:
4147:
4102:Djedkare Shemai
4091:
4085:
4079:
4065:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4011:Sargon of Akkad
4009:
4008:
4005:Akkadian Empire
3997:(2340–2150 BCE)
3995:Akkadian Period
3982:
3978:
3966:
3962:
3941:
3929:
3919:
3915:
3898:
3894:
3880:
3858:
3837:
3835:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3804:
3800:
3796:
3787:
3778:
3764:
3760:
3748:
3744:
3732:
3703:
3700:
3694:
3682:
3673:
3640:
3639:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3583:
3582:
3576:
3572:
3571:
3559:
3558:
3542:
3539:
3527:
3523:
3512:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3482:
3481:
3475:
3471:
3467:
3466:
3458:(2500-539 BCE)
3446:
3442:
3412:
3406:
3399:
3393:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3335:
3329:
3325:
3311:
3307:
3297:
3294:
3290:
3278:
3274:
3264:
3260:
3258:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3196:
3190:
3184:
3180:
3179:
3163:
3162:
3161:(2700–1500 BCE)
3160:
3108:
3097:
3060:("conqueror of
3046:
3030:
3023:
3013:
2999:
2980:
2976:
2971:
2962:
2953:
2945:
2942:
2922:
2858:
2857:
2843:
2837:
2831:
2822:
2764:
2750:
2737:
2678:
2609:
2598:
2592:
2578:
2572:
2565:
2559:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2545:(4000–3100 BCE)
2544:
2538:
2512:
2506:
2478:
2459:
2449:
2422:
2420:
2404:
2398:
2364:
2363:Muwaḫḫaranis II
2356:
2349:
2345:
2336:
2320:
2312:
2311:
2306:
2293:
2286:
2275:
2273:
2261:
2256:
2250:
2215:
2180:
2145:
2125:. Vol. 2.
2107:
2105:
2071:
2069:
2032:
2024:. p. 408.
1992:Wilhelm, Gernot
1984:Postgate, J. N.
1964:
1938:
1896:
1878:Hawkins, John D
1870:
1832:
1830:
1793:
1757:
1723:
1689:
1687:
1648:
1643:
1642:
1634:
1630:
1622:
1618:
1610:
1606:
1598:
1594:
1586:
1579:
1571:
1567:
1559:
1555:
1547:
1543:
1535:
1531:
1523:
1519:
1511:
1507:
1499:
1495:
1487:
1468:
1460:
1456:
1452:, p. 1002.
1448:
1444:
1436:
1432:
1428:, p. 1000.
1424:
1417:
1409:
1394:
1386:
1382:
1374:
1370:
1362:
1358:
1350:
1346:
1338:
1331:
1323:
1319:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1233:
1226:
1220:Yakubovich 2008
1218:
1214:
1208:Yakubovich 2019
1206:
1202:
1194:
1187:
1181:Yakubovich 2019
1179:
1175:
1167:
1163:
1155:
1151:
1145:Yakubovich 2019
1143:
1139:
1131:
1122:
1114:
1097:
1076:
1075:
1068:
1047:
1046:
1039:
1033:Yakubovich 2019
1031:
1022:
1014:
1007:
999:
992:
984:
963:
958:
950:
941:
896:
889:
879:
870:
821:
804:
781:
731:
722:
716:
710:Warpalawas II.
704:
654:
590:
581:
578:
575:
572:
551:
548:
545:
542:
535:
532:
529:
526:
522:the meaning of
513:
510:
507:
504:
474:
471:
468:
465:
461:the meaning of
431:
428:
425:
422:
397:
394:
391:
388:
381:
378:
375:
372:
362:
335:was pronounced
329:
320:
315:
306:
299:
293:region of Tabal
265:
249:Luwian religion
212:
188:
173:Muwaḫḫaranis II
161:
148:
133:Muwaḫḫaranis II
115:
108:
86:
69:
46:
45:
44:
35:Without proper
26:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7545:
7535:
7534:
7529:
7524:
7519:
7502:
7501:
7496:
7495:
7492:
7491:
7488:
7487:
7480:
7457:
7440:
7433:
7410:
7403:
7389:Potts, Timothy
7379:
7365:
7343:
7333:
7332:
7329:
7328:
7318:
7307:
7306:
7299:
7292:
7285:
7281:
7280:
7275:
7270:
7261:
7255:
7254:
7213:
7206:
7202:
7201:
7183:
7162:
7158:
7157:
7152:
7147:
7138:
7132:
7131:
7124:
7120:
7119:
7114:
7109:
7104:
7098:
7097:
7090:
7086:
7085:
7068:
7064:
7063:
6956:
6952:
6951:
6928:
6923:
6918:
6914:
6913:
6908:
6899:
6895:
6894:
6889:
6884:
6872:
6871:
6864:
6863:30 BCE–116 CE
6860:
6859:
6797:Mithridates IV
6779:Mithridates II
6758:
6720:
6715:Aristobulus II
6688:
6684:
6683:
6608:Argead dynasty
6592:
6497:Argead dynasty
6493:
6489:
6488:
6480:
6479:
6459:
6458:
6450:Artaxerxes III
6413:
6411:Kings of Sidon
6400:
6387:
6383:
6382:
6359:
6354:Labashi-Marduk
6333:
6298:
6294:
6293:
6288:
6282:
6281:
6256:Nergal-ushezib
6211:
6192:Black Pharaohs
6174:
6170:
6169:
6137:
6110:Ninurta-apla-X
6071:
6069:Ashur-nirari V
6063:Shalmaneser IV
6053:Shamshi-Adad V
6041:Adad-nirari II
6032:
6022:
5931:
5927:
5926:
5896:
5892:
5891:
5885:
5842:
5825:Shalmaneser II
5813:Ashur-bel-kala
5801:Mutakkil-Nusku
5757:Middle Assyria
5753:
5746:
5721:Kings of Sidon
5704:
5628:
5627:1155–1025 BCE
5624:
5623:
5610:Elamite Empire
5606:
5573:
5572:
5564:Hittite Empire
5560:
5528:
5527:
5512:
5511:
5485:
5474:Meli-Shipak II
5444:Nazi-Maruttash
5408:Burnaburiash I
5387:
5359:
5358:1531–1155 BCE
5355:
5354:
5335:
5290:
5250:
5249:
5196:
5132:
5117:Enlil-Nasir II
5096:Ashur-nirari I
5090:Ishme-Dagan II
5081:Sharma-Adad II
5033:Ashur-apla-idi
5024:1735–1701 BCE)
5003:Ashur-apla-idi
4985:Shamshi-Adad I
4980:1808–1736 BCE)
4965:
4960:Yamhad dynasty
4950:
4948:Kings of Sidon
4927:
4914:
4913:1800–1595 BCE
4910:
4909:
4876:
4875:
4863:
4727:
4717:Puzur-Ashur II
4684:
4627:
4594:
4593:
4588:Mentuhotep III
4557:
4556:
4539:
4534:
4526:
4525:2025-1763 BCE
4522:
4521:
4493:Ur III dynasty
4489:
4470:
4467:
4463:
4462:
4450:
4439:Neferkare VIII
4427:
4423:
4422:
4415:
4414:
4386:
4372:
4370:
4357:
4343:Gutian dynasty
4339:
4315:
4314:
4306:
4301:Nebkaure Khety
4295:Meryibre Khety
4286:
4282:
4281:
4264:
4231:
4229:
4213:
4186:
4185:
4179:
4150:
4140:
4126:Neferkamin Anu
4099:Neferkare Neby
4072:
4068:
4067:
4063:Lugal-ushumgal
4060:
4045:
4041:
4040:
4019:
4000:
3999:
3991:
3989:
3985:
3984:
3970:
3957:
3955:
3951:
3950:
3945:
3936:
3931:
3923:
3910:
3905:
3901:
3900:
3896:Lugalannemundu
3886:
3851:
3847:
3846:
3841:
3827:
3810:
3791:
3782:
3773:
3768:
3752:
3739:
3735:
3734:
3717:
3712:
3708:
3707:
3696:
3687:
3686:
3677:
3668:
3663:Djedkare Isesi
3660:Menkauhor Kaiu
3632:
3628:
3627:
3604:
3587:
3563:
3561:Pabilgagaltuku
3550:
3545:
3531:
3520:Akshak dynasty
3516:
3507:
3459:
3453:
3449:
3448:
3435:
3386:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3360:
3345:Enun-dara-anna
3340:
3339:
3300:
3283:
3268:
3250:
3248:
3226:
3225:
3219:
3172:
3168:
3167:
3153:
3138:
3122:
3121:
3114:
3113:
3102:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3071:
3067:
3066:
3053:
3052:
3038:
3001:
2994:
2993:
2969:Kullassina-bel
2954:
2946:
2935:
2934:
2928:
2850:
2846:
2845:
2824:
2815:
2810:
2761:Narmer Palette
2743:
2742:3100–2900 BCE
2739:
2738:
2671:
2601:
2600:
2585:
2584:3200–3100 BCE
2581:
2580:
2567:
2535:
2534:
2529:
2523:
2518:
2499:
2498:4000–3200 BCE
2495:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2453:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2410:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2400:Rulers of the
2397:
2396:
2389:
2382:
2374:
2366:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2337:
2335:Muwaḫḫaranis I
2334:
2330:
2329:
2328:Regnal titles
2325:
2324:
2307:
2304:
2299:
2298:
2283:
2282:
2260:
2259:External links
2257:
2255:
2254:
2248:
2236:United Kingdom
2219:
2213:
2201:United Kingdom
2184:
2178:
2149:
2143:
2114:
2078:
2036:
2030:
1972:Hawkins, J. D.
1968:
1962:
1942:
1936:
1900:
1894:
1874:
1868:
1839:
1828:10.1086/703857
1797:
1791:
1779:United Kingdom
1761:
1755:
1743:United Kingdom
1727:
1721:
1709:United Kingdom
1696:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1628:
1626:, p. 148.
1616:
1604:
1602:, p. 288.
1592:
1590:, p. 284.
1577:
1565:
1553:
1551:, p. 685.
1541:
1539:, p. 144.
1529:
1525:D'Alfonso 2019
1517:
1513:D'Alfonso 2019
1505:
1493:
1491:, p. 152.
1466:
1464:, p. 148.
1454:
1442:
1440:, p. 117.
1430:
1415:
1413:, p. 408.
1392:
1380:
1378:, p. 141.
1368:
1366:, p. 999.
1356:
1354:, p. 724.
1344:
1329:
1317:
1291:
1265:
1239:
1224:
1222:, p. 130.
1212:
1210:, p. 533.
1200:
1198:, p. 100.
1185:
1173:
1161:
1149:
1137:
1135:, p. 149.
1120:
1118:, p. 726.
1095:
1066:
1037:
1035:, p. 553.
1020:
1018:, p. 518.
1005:
1003:, p. 520.
990:
988:, p. 150.
960:
959:
957:
954:
949:
946:
878:
875:
820:
817:
803:
800:
796:Cilician Gates
780:
777:
745:and Ašḫiti of
730:
727:
715:
712:
703:
700:
653:
650:
589:
586:
579:Tarḫunzas-like
319:
316:
314:
311:
252:
251:
246:
242:
241:
240:Muwaḫḫaranis I
238:
234:
233:
230:
224:
223:
203:
197:
196:
181:
175:
174:
171:
165:
164:
156:
152:
151:
143:
139:
138:
135:
134:
131:
127:
126:
125:Muwaḫḫaranis I
123:
119:
118:
103:
99:
98:
88:
87:
80:
72:
71:
68:
67:
64:
61:
57:
53:
52:
51:Warpallawas II
39:, you may see
27:
20:
19:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7544:
7533:
7530:
7528:
7525:
7523:
7520:
7518:
7515:
7514:
7512:
7483:
7477:
7473:
7472:
7467:
7461:
7455:
7449:
7447:
7445:
7436:
7430:
7426:
7425:
7420:
7419:Roux, Georges
7414:
7406:
7400:
7396:
7395:
7390:
7383:
7375:
7369:
7361:
7357:
7353:
7347:
7338:
7334:
7330:
7327:
7323:
7317:
7313:
7308:
7305:
7304:
7298:
7297:
7291:
7290:
7283:
7282:
7279:
7274:
7269:
7265:
7260:
7256:
7253:
7250:
7247:
7246:Yazdegerd III
7244:
7241:
7238:
7235:
7232:
7229:
7226:
7223:
7220:
7217:
7212:
7211:
7203:
7200:
7197:
7193:
7189:
7188:
7182:
7179:
7178:Sahralanyozan
7176:
7172:
7167:
7160:
7159:
7156:
7151:
7146:
7142:
7137:
7133:
7130:
7129:
7121:
7118:
7113:
7108:
7103:
7099:
7096:
7095:
7087:
7084:
7081:
7078:
7074:
7073:
7066:
7065:
7062:
7059:
7056:
7053:
7050:
7047:
7044:
7041:
7038:
7035:
7032:
7029:
7026:
7023:
7020:
7017:
7014:
7011:
7008:
7005:
7002:
6999:
6996:
6993:
6990:
6987:
6984:
6981:
6978:
6971:
6966:
6962:
6961:
6954:
6953:
6950:
6947:
6944:
6941:
6938:
6935:
6934:Mithridates V
6932:
6931:Sinatruces II
6927:
6922:
6916:
6915:
6912:
6907:
6903:
6896:
6893:
6888:
6883:
6878:
6873:
6870:
6869:
6861:
6858:
6855:
6854:Artabanus III
6852:
6849:
6846:
6843:
6840:
6837:
6834:
6831:
6828:
6825:
6824:Tiridates III
6822:
6819:
6816:
6813:
6810:
6807:
6804:
6801:
6798:
6795:
6792:
6789:
6786:
6783:
6780:
6777:
6774:
6771:
6768:
6767:Mithridates I
6764:
6763:
6757:
6754:
6751:
6748:
6745:
6742:
6739:
6736:
6733:
6730:
6727:
6724:
6719:
6716:
6713:
6710:
6707:
6704:
6703:Aristobulus I
6701:
6700:John Hyrcanus
6698:
6694:
6693:
6686:
6685:
6682:
6679:
6676:
6673:
6670:
6669:Alexander III
6667:
6664:
6661:
6658:
6655:
6654:Antiochus III
6652:
6649:
6646:
6643:
6640:
6636:
6635:
6630:
6626:
6625:
6620:
6617:
6614:
6613:Alexander III
6610:
6609:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6588:
6585:
6582:
6579:
6576:
6573:
6570:
6567:
6564:
6561:
6558:
6555:
6552:
6549:
6548:Cleopatra III
6546:
6543:
6540:
6537:
6534:
6531:
6528:
6525:
6522:
6519:
6516:
6513:
6510:
6507:
6503:
6502:
6498:
6491:
6490:
6487:
6486:
6481:
6478:
6477:
6472:
6471:
6466:
6465:
6460:
6457:
6454:
6453:Artaxerxes IV
6451:
6448:
6447:Artaxerxes II
6445:
6442:
6439:
6436:
6433:
6430:
6426:
6425:
6418:
6412:
6408:
6407:Kings of Tyre
6404:
6398:
6393:
6392:
6384:
6381:
6378:
6375:
6372:
6369:
6365:
6364:
6363:Median Empire
6358:
6355:
6352:
6349:
6346:
6343:
6339:
6338:
6332:
6329:
6326:
6323:
6320:
6317:
6314:
6310:
6309:
6304:
6303:
6296:
6295:
6292:
6287:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6272:
6271:Sinsharishkun
6269:
6266:
6263:
6260:
6257:
6254:
6251:
6248:
6245:
6242:
6239:
6236:
6233:
6230:
6226:
6224:
6217:
6216:
6210:
6207:
6204:
6201:
6198:
6193:
6185:
6180:
6179:
6171:
6168:
6164:
6160:
6156:
6152:
6148:
6143:
6142:
6135:
6132:
6129:
6126:
6123:
6120:
6117:
6114:
6111:
6108:(five kings)
6107:
6104:
6101:
6098:
6095:
6092:
6089:
6086:
6082:
6076:
6070:
6067:
6066:Ashur-Dan III
6064:
6061:
6057:
6054:
6051:
6048:
6045:
6042:
6038:
6037:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6020:
6017:
6013:
6012:
6006:
6003:
6000:
5997:
5994:
5991:
5988:
5985:
5981:
5980:
5973:
5970:
5969:
5965:
5962:
5959:
5956:
5953:
5950:
5947:
5944:
5941:
5937:
5936:
5929:
5928:
5925:
5922:
5919:
5916:
5913:
5910:
5907:
5906:Ea-mukin-zeri
5904:
5903:Simbar-shipak
5900:
5895:1025–934 BCE
5894:
5893:
5889:
5884:
5881:
5878:
5875:
5872:
5869:
5866:
5863:
5860:
5857:
5854:
5850:
5848:
5841:
5838:
5835:
5832:
5831:Ashur-rabi II
5829:
5826:
5823:
5820:
5817:
5816:Eriba-Adad II
5814:
5811:
5808:
5805:
5802:
5799:
5796:
5793:
5790:
5787:
5784:
5781:
5778:
5777:Shalmaneser I
5775:
5774:Adad-nirari I
5772:
5769:
5766:
5763:
5759:
5758:
5752:
5751:
5745:
5741:
5737:
5733:
5729:
5728:
5722:
5718:
5717:Kings of Tyre
5714:
5710:
5709:
5703:
5702:
5699:
5696:
5693:
5690:
5687:
5684:
5680:
5679:
5673:
5672:
5666:
5663:
5660:
5657:
5656:Ramesses VIII
5654:
5651:
5648:
5645:
5642:
5639:
5634:
5633:
5626:
5625:
5622:
5618:
5617:
5612:
5611:
5605:
5602:
5599:
5596:
5593:
5590:
5587:
5584:
5580:
5579:
5574:
5571:
5566:
5565:
5559:
5556:
5553:
5550:
5547:
5546:
5542:
5539:
5538:Amenhotep III
5536:
5533:
5529:
5526:
5523:
5520:
5517:
5513:
5510:
5507:
5503:
5502:
5497:
5496:
5489:
5484:
5481:
5478:
5475:
5472:
5469:
5466:
5463:
5460:
5457:
5454:
5451:
5448:
5445:
5442:
5439:
5436:
5433:
5430:
5427:
5424:
5421:
5418:
5415:
5412:
5409:
5406:
5402:
5400:
5392:
5386:
5383:
5379:
5378:
5373:
5372:
5364:
5356:
5353:
5350:
5347:
5341:
5340:
5334:
5331:
5328:
5325:
5322:
5321:
5317:
5316:
5307:
5301:
5296:
5295:
5289:
5288:
5284:
5283:
5278:
5274:
5273:
5268:
5264:
5263:
5258:
5257:
5251:
5248:
5245:
5244:Melamkurkurra
5242:
5238:
5237:Ayadaragalama
5235:
5232:
5228:
5225:
5222:
5218:
5215:
5214:Itti-ili-nibi
5212:
5208:
5206:
5195:
5190:
5187:
5184:
5181:
5178:
5175:
5172:
5169:
5166:
5163:
5160:
5157:
5153:
5151:
5144:
5137:
5131:
5130:
5127:
5124:
5121:
5118:
5115:
5112:
5109:
5108:Ashur-shaduni
5106:
5103:
5102:Enlil-nasir I
5100:
5097:
5094:
5091:
5088:
5085:
5082:
5079:
5076:
5073:
5070:
5067:
5066:Sharma-Adad I
5064:
5061:
5057:1700–722 BCE)
5055:
5049:
5046:
5043:
5040:
5037:
5034:
5031:
5028:
5019:
5016:
5013:
5010:
5007:
5004:
5001:
4998:
4995:
4992:
4989:
4988:Ishme-Dagan I
4986:
4977:
4971:
4970:
4961:
4956:
4955:
4949:
4945:
4944:Kings of Tyre
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4925:
4920:
4919:
4911:
4908:
4905:
4902:
4901:Amenemhat III
4899:
4896:
4893:
4890:
4887:
4883:
4882:
4877:
4874:
4869:
4868:
4861:
4857:
4853:
4849:
4845:
4842:
4839:
4836:
4833:
4830:
4827:
4824:
4821:
4818:
4815:
4812:
4809:
4806:
4802:
4798:
4795:
4792:
4789:
4786:
4783:
4780:
4777:
4774:
4771:
4768:
4765:
4762:
4759:
4756:
4752:
4751:
4744:
4738:
4733:
4732:
4726:
4722:
4718:
4714:
4710:
4706:
4702:
4698:
4694:
4693:Puzur-Ashur I
4690:
4689:
4682:
4678:
4675:
4672:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4658:
4652:
4644:
4640:
4635:
4632:
4626:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4600:
4599:Third Eblaite
4595:
4592:
4591:Mentuhotep IV
4589:
4586:
4585:Mentuhotep II
4583:
4580:
4577:
4574:
4570:
4569:
4564:
4563:
4558:
4554:
4550:
4546:
4544:
4538:
4533:
4531:
4523:
4520:
4517:
4514:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4495:
4494:
4486:
4482:
4478:
4474:
4465:
4464:
4461:
4457:
4455:
4449:
4446:
4443:
4442:Wahkare Khety
4440:
4437:
4433:
4432:
4425:
4424:
4421:
4416:
4413:
4409:
4405:
4398:
4394:
4390:
4383:
4379:
4377:
4369:
4365:
4361:
4356:
4352:
4345:
4344:
4338:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4320:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4310:Ur III period
4305:
4302:
4299:
4298:Neferkare VII
4296:
4292:
4291:
4283:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4268:
4262:
4258:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4245:Ur-Ningirsu I
4242:
4238:
4236:
4228:
4224:
4220:
4218:
4212:
4208:
4203:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4187:
4184:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4161:
4156:
4155:
4149:
4146:
4139:
4136:
4133:
4130:
4127:
4124:
4121:
4118:
4115:
4112:
4109:
4106:
4103:
4100:
4097:
4094:
4090:
4089:
4084:
4083:
4078:
4077:
4069:
4064:
4058:
4053:
4049:
4043:
4042:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4027:
4023:
4018:
4015:
4012:
4007:
4006:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3990:
3986:
3981:
3977:
3975:
3969:
3965:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3952:
3949:
3944:
3940:
3935:
3928:
3922:
3918:
3914:
3909:
3903:
3902:
3897:
3893:
3891:
3884:
3879:
3876:
3873:
3870:
3867:
3864:
3861:
3857:
3856:
3849:
3848:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3834:
3832:
3828:
3826:
3822:
3818:
3814:
3811:
3808:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3780:Lugal-kisalsi
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3757:
3753:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3740:
3737:
3736:
3730:
3725:
3721:
3716:
3713:
3710:
3709:
3706:
3702:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3685:
3681:
3676:
3672:
3667:
3664:
3661:
3658:
3655:
3652:
3649:
3646:
3643:
3638:
3637:
3629:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3609:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3586:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3568:
3562:
3557:
3555:
3549:
3544:
3538:
3536:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3521:
3515:
3511:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3479:
3474:
3470:
3465:
3464:
3457:
3451:
3450:
3445:
3441:
3440:
3434:
3433:
3429:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3418:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3402:
3398:
3397:
3392:
3391:
3384:
3383:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3365:
3359:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3341:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3305:
3299:
3293:
3289:
3288:
3282:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3267:
3263:
3257:
3255:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3202:
3199:
3194:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3177:
3169:
3166:
3159:
3158:
3151:
3146:
3142:
3136:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3107:
3101:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3079:
3075:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3059:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3045:
3043:
3037:
3036:
3033:
3029:
3026:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3012:
3009:
3006:
3000:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2974:
2973:Nangishlishma
2970:
2966:
2961:
2959:
2952:
2951:
2944:
2941:
2940:First Eblaite
2936:
2932:
2926:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2913:
2912:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2900:
2899:Seth-Peribsen
2897:
2896:
2892:
2891:
2887:
2886:
2882:
2881:
2877:
2876:
2872:
2871:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2860:Hotepsekhemwy
2856:
2855:
2847:
2841:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2829:
2828:Proto-Elamite
2821:
2820:
2814:
2809:
2808:
2804:
2803:
2799:
2796:
2793:
2790:
2786:
2783:
2780:
2777:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2759:
2755:
2754:
2749:
2748:
2740:
2736:
2735:
2731:
2730:Double Falcon
2728:
2727:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2717:
2713:
2712:
2708:
2707:
2703:
2702:
2698:
2697:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2687:
2683:
2682:
2677:
2676:
2670:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2647:
2646:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2619:
2618:
2614:
2613:
2608:
2607:
2602:
2596:
2591:
2590:
2582:
2576:
2571:
2563:
2557:
2551:
2543:
2542:
2536:
2533:
2527:
2522:
2516:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2504:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2418:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2407:
2403:
2395:
2390:
2388:
2383:
2381:
2376:
2375:
2372:
2357: 705 BC
2344:
2343:
2331:
2326:
2321: 705 BC
2316:
2310:
2305:Warpalawas II
2302:
2296:
2290:
2285:
2272:
2268:
2263:
2262:
2251:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2220:
2216:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2185:
2181:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2166:United States
2163:
2162:New York City
2159:
2155:
2154:Radner, Karen
2150:
2146:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2131:United States
2128:
2124:
2120:
2115:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2079:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2033:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2018:United States
2015:
2014:New York City
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1989:
1988:Seidl, Ursula
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1924:United States
1921:
1920:New York City
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1840:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1794:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1771:
1766:
1765:Bryce, Trevor
1762:
1758:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1731:Bryce, Trevor
1728:
1724:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1697:
1685:
1680:
1676:
1675:Gorgias Press
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1651:
1650:
1637:
1632:
1625:
1620:
1613:
1608:
1601:
1596:
1589:
1584:
1582:
1574:
1569:
1562:
1557:
1550:
1545:
1538:
1533:
1526:
1521:
1514:
1509:
1502:
1497:
1490:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1463:
1458:
1451:
1446:
1439:
1434:
1427:
1422:
1420:
1412:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1390:, p. 41.
1389:
1384:
1377:
1372:
1365:
1360:
1353:
1348:
1342:, p. 50.
1341:
1336:
1334:
1327:, p. 42.
1326:
1321:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1295:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1269:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1243:
1237:, p. 14.
1236:
1231:
1229:
1221:
1216:
1209:
1204:
1197:
1192:
1190:
1182:
1177:
1170:
1169:Hawkins 2000c
1165:
1158:
1157:Hawkins 2000a
1153:
1146:
1141:
1134:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1117:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1073:
1071:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1044:
1042:
1034:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1017:
1016:Hawkins 2000c
1012:
1010:
1002:
1001:Hawkins 2000b
997:
995:
987:
982:
980:
978:
976:
974:
972:
970:
968:
966:
961:
953:
945:
942: 705 BC
936:
931:
928:
927:M. J. Mellink
923:
921:
917:
913:
908:
904:
902:
897: 709 BC
884:
874:
871: 709 BC
864:
860:
858:
854:
848:
846:
840:
838:
833:
831:
827:
816:
813:
809:
799:
797:
793:
788:
786:
773:
769:
765:
761:
759:
755:
750:
748:
744:
740:
736:
726:
723: 740 BC
711:
707:
699:
680:
678:
663:
661:
649:
640:
634:
629:
618:
606:
600:
595:
585:
558:
520:
499:
495:
490:
484:
478:
472:royal warrior
459:
453:
447:
441:
435:
408:
403:
357:
351:
345:
339:
325:
310:
307: 705 BC
294:
290:
286:
282:
277:
262:
258:
257:Warpalawas II
250:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
229:
225:
220:
218:
204:
202:
198:
193:
182:
180:
176:
172:
170:
166:
162: 705 BC
157:
153:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116: 705 BC
104:
100:
97:
93:
89:
84:
78:
73:
70:
65:
62:
59:
58:
54:
49:
42:
38:
34:
32:
7470:
7460:
7424:Ancient Iraq
7423:
7413:
7393:
7382:
7368:
7359:
7346:
7337:
7301:
7294:
7287:
7216:Ardashir III
7208:
7185:
7126:
7094:Roman Empire
7092:
7070:
7028:Yazdegerd II
6958:
6949:Artabanus IV
6946:Vologases VI
6937:Vologases IV
6868:Roman Empire
6866:
6851:Vologases II
6827:Artabanus II
6821:Artabanus II
6806:Tiridates II
6794:Phraates III
6760:
6697:Simon Thassi
6690:
6672:Demetrius II
6660:Antiochus IV
6651:Seleucus III
6645:Antiochus II
6632:
6622:
6619:Alexander IV
6606:
6594:
6578:Ptolemy XIII
6560:Berenice III
6554:Cleopatra IV
6495:
6492:331–141 BCE
6483:
6474:
6468:
6462:
6441:Artaxerxes I
6422:
6389:
6386:539–331 BCE
6361:
6342:Nabopolassar
6335:
6306:
6300:
6297:626–539 BCE
6265:Ashurbanipal
6220:
6219:
6213:
6176:
6173:745–609 BCE
6139:
6119:Eriba-Marduk
6080:
6034:
6009:
5977:
5976:
5966:
5955:Shoshenq III
5933:
5930:911–745 BCE
5898:
5880:Marduk-zer-X
5844:
5840:Ashur-dan II
5771:Arik-den-ili
5768:Enlil-nirari
5762:Eriba-Adad I
5755:
5748:
5725:
5706:
5701:Psusennes II
5676:
5675:
5669:
5653:Ramesses VII
5641:Ramesses III
5630:
5614:
5608:
5576:
5562:
5543:
5532:Amenhotep II
5525:Thutmose III
5499:
5493:
5490:
5441:Kurigalzu II
5435:Kara-hardash
5405:Agum-Kakrime
5396:
5375:
5369:
5337:
5320:'Aper-'Anati
5318:
5313:
5292:
5286:
5280:
5276:
5270:
5266:
5260:
5254:
5253:
5217:Damqi-ilishu
5200:
5189:Samsu-Ditana
5171:Sin-muballit
5162:Sin-muballit
5141:
5111:Ashur-rabi I
4976:Shamshi-Adad
4973:
4967:
4952:
4922:
4916:
4904:Amenemhat IV
4898:Senusret III
4892:Amenemhat II
4879:
4865:
4851:
4800:
4797:Damiq-ilishu
4767:Lipit-Eshtar
4748:
4729:
4686:
4654:
4650:
4634:Shakkanakkus
4597:
4573:Mentuhotep I
4566:
4560:
4541:
4528:
4491:
4485:Puzur-Ishtar
4452:
4447:
4429:
4382:Lugalannatum
4374:
4341:
4308:
4288:
4267:Hishep-Ratep
4233:
4215:
4152:
4142:
4096:Neferkare II
4086:
4080:
4074:
4021:
4003:
3993:
3972:
3925:Invasion by
3888:
3853:
3829:
3821:Enannatum II
3785:E-iginimpa'e
3754:
3746:Igrish-Halam
3657:Nyuserre Ini
3634:
3608:Awan dynasty
3606:
3565:
3552:
3533:
3518:
3509:
3493:Ishtup-Ishar
3473:Iku-Shamagan
3469:Ikun-Shamash
3461:
3439:Ur I dynasty
3437:
3430:
3419:
3394:
3388:
3362:
3343:
3302:
3285:
3270:
3252:
3211:
3203:
3174:
3155:
3118:Enmebaragesi
3104:
3085:
3056:
3047:
3040:
3003:
2998:
2978:En-tarah-ana
2963:
2956:
2948:
2938:
2914:
2911:Neferkasokar
2909:
2904:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2852:
2832:
2826:
2817:
2805:
2800:
2751:
2745:
2732:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2673:
2659:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2612:Finger Snail
2610:
2604:
2587:
2556:Anu Ziggurat
2539:
2507:
2501:
2419:Territories/
2339:
2314:
2308:
2274:. Retrieved
2270:
2267:"Bor Steles"
2227:
2192:
2157:
2122:
2106:. Retrieved
2090:
2086:
2070:. Retrieved
2054:
2050:
2044:
2001:
1995:
1990:; Stol, M.;
1949:
1907:
1881:
1847:
1831:. Retrieved
1811:
1805:
1769:
1734:
1700:
1688:. Retrieved
1662:
1658:
1631:
1619:
1607:
1595:
1568:
1556:
1544:
1532:
1520:
1508:
1496:
1457:
1445:
1433:
1411:Hawkins 2014
1383:
1371:
1359:
1347:
1320:
1303:
1294:
1277:
1268:
1251:
1242:
1215:
1203:
1196:Oreshko 2020
1176:
1164:
1152:
1140:
1081:
1052:
951:
935:Trevor Bryce
932:
924:
912:Old Phrygian
909:
905:
880:
865:
861:
849:
841:
834:
822:
805:
789:
782:
768:İvriz relief
751:
732:
717:
708:
705:
655:
591:
479:
436:
330:𔗬𔖱𔕸𔓊𔗬𔗔
321:
283:king of the
266:𔗬𔖱𔕸𔓊𔗬𔗔
256:
255:
185:𔗬𔖱𔕸𔓊𔗬𔗔
66:The Just One
56:
28:
7356:Simpson, W.
7284:639–651 CE
7231:Azarmidokht
7222:Khosrow III
7205:628–641 CE
7161:618–628 CE
7123:395–618 CE
7089:273–395 CE
7077:Vaballathus
7067:270–273 CE
7031:Hormizd III
7016:Yazdegerd I
7007:Ardashir II
7001:Adur Narseh
6955:224–270 CE
6943:Vologases V
6917:117–224 CE
6898:116–117 CE
6845:Vardanes II
6842:Vologases I
6833:Gotarzes II
6803:Phraates IV
6773:Hyspaosines
6712:Hyrcanus II
6687:141–30 BCE
6666:Demetrius I
6663:Antiochus V
6657:Seleucus IV
6648:Seleucus II
6642:Antiochus I
6629:Antigonus I
6581:Ptolemy XIV
6569:Cleopatra V
6351:Neriglissar
6348:Amel-Marduk
6331:Psamtik III
6302:Late Period
6241:Sennacherib
6232:Shalmaneser
6159:Tammaritu I
6056:Shammuramat
5999:Takelot III
5996:Osorkon III
5993:Shoshenq VI
5968:Pedubast II
5958:Shoshenq IV
5946:Shoshenq II
5795:Ashur-dan I
5736:Ish-bosheth
5689:Psusennes I
5665:Ramesses XI
5659:Ramesses IX
5650:Ramesses VI
5644:Ramesses IV
5589:Ramesses II
5552:Tutankhamun
5535:Thutmose IV
5519:Thutmose II
5453:Kudur-Enlil
5438:Nazi-Bugash
5426:Kurigalzu I
5414:Ulamburiash
5385:Amenhotep I
5366:Tutankhamun
5352:Parshatatar
5349:Shuttarna I
5282:Seventeenth
5211:Ilum-ma-ili
5186:Ammi-saduqa
5183:Ammi-ditana
5177:Samsu-iluna
5084:Erishum III
5045:Adad-salulu
5042:Ipqi-Ishtar
5030:Ashur-dugul
5015:Adad-salulu
5012:Ipqi-Ishtar
5000:Ashur-dugul
4969:Old Assyria
4964:(Amorites)
4907:Sobekneferu
4895:Senusret II
4886:Amenemhat I
4858:Sîn-iribam
4835:Sin-Iqisham
4829:Sin-Iddinam
4779:Erra-imitti
4776:Lipit-Enlil
4764:Ishme-Dagan
4761:Iddin-Dagan
4697:Shalim-ahum
4688:Old Assyria
4674:Yasmah-Adad
4651:Lim Dynasty
4643:Hanun-Dagan
4639:Hitial-Erra
4404:Ur-Ningirsu
4360:Kuda (Uruk)
4333:Ishgum-Addu
4323:Ishtup-Ilum
4175:Ishma-Dagan
4160:Shakkanakku
4138:Neferirkare
4135:Neferkauhor
4038:Ili-ishmani
4017:Manishtushu
3980:Lugalzagesi
3976:III dynasty
3960:Puzur-Nirah
3675:Ishar-Malik
3654:Shepseskare
3444:Mesannepada
3369:Nin-kisalsi
3357:Lugal-kitun
3327:Meskalamdug
3313:Ur-Pabilsag
3126:Aga of Kish
3035:Barsal-nuna
2920:Khasekhemwy
2906:Neferkara I
2885:Weneg-Nebty
2863:Nebra/Raneb
2675:Lower Egypt
2661:Scorpion II
2606:Upper Egypt
2558:, 4000 BCE)
2541:Uruk period
2295:Asia portal
2205:Oxbow Books
2135:Eisenbrauns
1856:Netherlands
1822:: 133–152.
1612:Weeden 2023
1450:Weeden 2023
1426:Weeden 2023
1388:Weeden 2010
1364:Weeden 2023
1352:Weeden 2017
1340:Weeden 2010
1325:Weeden 2010
1235:Adiego 2020
652:In Akkadian
633:Warpallawas
630:cognate of
599:Warpallawas
568:), meaning
519:Warpallawas
458:Warpallawas
418:), meaning
368:), meaning
363:𔗬𔖱𔕸𔔹𔗔
338:Warpallawas
276:Warpallawas
192:Warpallawas
122:Predecessor
109: 740s
7511:Categories
7240:Khosrow IV
7237:Hormizd VI
7219:Shahrbaraz
7196:Khosrow II
7181:Shahrbaraz
7175:Shahrbaraz
7055:Khosrow II
7052:Hormizd IV
7010:Shapur III
6998:Hormizd II
6992:Bahram III
6977:Ardashir I
6848:Pacorus II
6839:Vonones II
6836:Meherdates
6830:Vardanes I
6815:Orodes III
6812:Phraates V
6791:Sinatruces
6639:Seleucus I
6616:Philip III
6590:Arsinoe IV
6515:Arsinoe II
6456:Darius III
6322:Psamtik II
6262:Esarhaddon
6155:Ummanigash
6125:Nabonassar
6019:Bakenranef
5990:Pedubast I
5987:Takelot II
5984:Harsiese A
5972:Osorkon IV
5964:Shoshenq V
5952:Osorkon II
5940:Shoshenq I
5686:Amenemnisu
5662:Ramesses X
5647:Ramesses V
5595:Amenmesses
5583:Ramesses I
5545:Smenkhkare
5522:Hatshepsut
5516:Thutmose I
5420:Karaindash
5159:Sumu-la-El
4991:Mut-Ashkur
4982:(Amorites)
4889:Senusret I
4848:Rim-Sin II
4838:Silli-Adad
4832:Sin-Eribam
4794:Suen-magir
4791:Ur-du-kuga
4788:Iter-pisha
4782:Enlil-bani
4770:Ur-Ninurta
4758:Shu-Ilishu
4755:Ishbi-Erra
4725:Erishum II
4671:Yahdun-Lim
4668:Yaggid-Lim
4481:Tura-Dagan
4460:Utu-hengal
4436:Meryhathor
4412:Nam-mahani
4378:II dynasty
4347:(21 kings)
4241:Puzer-Mama
4237:II dynasty
4219:IV dynasty
4132:Neferkaure
4129:Qakare Ibi
4120:Neferkahor
4111:Neferkamin
4030:Ilshu-rabi
3921:Ishqi-Mari
3917:Ikun-Ishar
3913:Enna-Dagan
3833:II dynasty
3807:Bara-irnun
3762:Puzur-Suen
3758:IV dynasty
3750:Irkab-Damu
3695:(3 kings)
3621:Ukkutahesh
3594:Meskiagnun
3590:A'annepada
3537:II dynasty
3432:Thamphthis
3428:Shepseskaf
3377:Lugal-dalu
3276:Udulkalama
3256:II dynasty
3198:Sekhemkhet
3106:Lugalbanda
3032:Melem-Kish
3028:En-me-nuna
2813:Canaanites
2807:Horus Bird
2772:Neithhotep
2645:Scorpion I
2595:Naqada III
2350: 740
2061:: 77–128.
1636:Bryce 2012
1600:Bryce 2012
1588:Bryce 2012
1573:Bryce 2012
1561:Bryce 2012
1549:Bryce 2009
1537:Bryce 2012
1501:Bryce 2012
1489:Bryce 2012
1462:Bryce 2012
1376:Bryce 2012
1133:Bryce 2012
1116:Bryce 2009
986:Bryce 2012
956:References
890: 710
808:Wasusarmas
694:𒁹𒌨𒉆𒈗𒀀
669:𒁹𒌨𒁄𒆷𒀀
538:, that is
500:, meaning
414:𒉿𒅈𒉺𒀠𒇺
300: 740
208:𒁹𒌨𒁄𒆷𒀀
7352:Hallo, W.
7249:Peroz III
7083:Antiochus
7049:Khosrow I
7019:Shapur IV
7013:Bahram IV
7004:Shapur II
6989:Bahram II
6983:Hormizd I
6940:Osroes II
6818:Vonones I
6800:Orodes II
6776:Artabanus
6444:Darius II
6371:Phraortes
6357:Nabonidus
6328:Ahmose II
6316:Psamtik I
6209:Tanutamun
6058:(regent)
5949:Takelot I
5943:Osorkon I
5708:Phoenicia
5692:Amenemope
5638:Setnakhte
5592:Merneptah
5541:Akhenaten
5324:Sakir-Har
5262:Sixteenth
5241:Akurduana
5227:Gulkishar
5224:Shushushi
5180:Abi-eshuh
5174:Hammurabi
5156:Sumu-abum
5078:Shu-Ninua
5069:Iptar-Sin
5039:Sin-namir
5036:Nasir-Sin
5027:Puzur-Sin
5009:Sin-namir
5006:Nasir-Sin
4860:Sîn-gāmil
4856:Sîn-kāšid
4844:Rim-Sin I
4841:Warad-Sin
4721:Naram-Sin
4705:Erishum I
4701:Ilu-shuma
4677:Zimri-Lim
4625:Indilimma
4612:Ibbit-Lim
4582:Intef III
4545:invasions
4532:invasions
4477:Ili-Ishar
4473:Iddi-ilum
4466:2100 BCE
4456:V dynasty
4426:2125 BCE
4364:Puzur-ili
4351:La-erabum
4285:2150 BCE
4211:Shu-turul
4204:(3 years)
4171:Shu-Dagan
4071:2200 BCE
4048:Naram-Sin
4044:2250 BCE
3988:2340 BCE
3954:2350 BCE
3948:Luh-ishan
3943:Urukagina
3939:Lugalanda
3908:Isar-Damu
3904:2370 BCE
3850:2380 BCE
3825:Enentarzi
3813:Enannatum
3802:Gishakidu
3766:Ur-Zababa
3742:Adub-Damu
3738:2400 BCE
3711:2425 BCE
3705:Napilhush
3693:invasions
3671:Enar-Damu
3651:Neferefre
3631:2450 BCE
3574:Ur-Nanshe
3569:I dynasty
3556:I dynasty
3497:Ikun-Mari
3456:Phoenicia
3452:2500 BCE
3385:2575 BCE
3353:Melamanna
3337:Akalamdug
3309:A-Imdugud
3272:Ur-Nungal
3259:(5 kings)
3246:Baba-Damu
3242:Ibbi-Damu
3171:2600 BCE
3141:Gilgamesh
3099:Iltasadum
3070:2700 BCE
3044:I dynasty
2997:2800 BCE
2960:I dynasty
2916:Hudjefa I
2849:2900 BCE
2795:Semerkhet
2787:(regent)
2774:(regent)
2681:Hedju Hor
2509:Naqada II
2097:: 39–61.
1948:(2000c).
1906:(2000b).
1880:(2000a).
1747:Routledge
806:The king
794:near the
758:Tarḫunzas
557:Tarḫuniya
498:Tarḫunzas
489:warpallis
483:warpallas
446:warpallis
440:warpallas
407:warpallis
356:warpallis
350:warpallas
318:Etymology
130:Successor
7468:(2014).
7421:(1992).
7391:(2020).
7358:(1971).
7199:Kavad II
7025:Bahram V
6986:Bahram I
6980:Shapur I
6857:Osroes I
6788:Orodes I
6782:Gotarzes
6770:Phraates
6435:Darius I
6432:Cambyses
6380:Astyages
6377:Cyaxares
6319:Necho II
6250:Bel-ibni
6200:Shebitku
6163:Indabibi
6016:Tefnakht
5558:Horemheb
5417:Agum III
5399:Kassites
5382:Ahmose I
5247:Ea-gamil
5231:DIŠ+U-EN
5221:Ishkibal
5168:Apil-Sin
5150:Amorites
5060:Bel-bani
4935:Biblical
4826:Nur-Adad
4817:Gungunum
4805:Naplanum
4773:Bur-Suen
4737:Amorites
4713:Sargon I
4663:Amorites
4607:Amorites
4579:Intef II
4549:Kindattu
4537:Ibbi-Sin
4516:Amar-Sin
4510:Ur-Nammu
4445:Merykare
4337:Apil-kin
4249:Pirig-me
4227:Ur-gigir
4223:Ur-nigin
4163:dynasty)
4108:Merenhor
4034:Epirmupi
3863:Userkare
3817:Entemena
3794:Ur-Lumma
3789:Meskigal
3720:Eannatum
3715:Kun-Damu
3699:Shushun-
3684:Enakalle
3543:kushanna
3529:Undalulu
3501:Iblul-Il
3425:Menkaure
3421:Bikheris
3414:Djedefre
3373:Me-durba
3298:shaengur
3292:En-hegal
3280:Labashum
3238:Agur-lim
3234:Abur-lim
3213:Qahedjet
3058:Enmerkar
2890:Wadjenes
2880:Horus Sa
2875:Nubnefer
2866:Nynetjer
2840:Susa III
2802:Sneferka
2785:Merneith
2503:Naqada I
2340:King of
2276:15 April
2191:(eds.).
2121:(eds.).
2072:24 March
1994:(eds.).
1833:22 March
1818:for the
1767:(2012).
1733:(2009).
1690:25 March
1677:: 1–18.
1438:Aro 2023
863:Empire.
857:Ištuanda
837:Awarikus
772:Tarḫunza
686:𒁹𒌨𒁄𒀀
679:Urpalaʾa
645:Ουαρπλιο
639:Ourpalio
628:Pisidian
623:Ουρπαλας
617:Ourpalas
611:Ουρπαλος
605:Ourpalos
588:Cognates
564:𒋻𒄷𒉌𒀀
395:powerful
279:) was a
245:Religion
201:Akkadian
7252:Narsieh
7080:Zenobia
7061:Vistahm
7046:Kavad I
7040:Kavad I
7034:Peroz I
7022:Khosrow
6368:Deioces
6325:Wahibre
6313:Necho I
6206:Taharqa
6203:Shabaka
6187:Taharqa
6151:Teumman
6002:Rudamun
5744:Solomon
5683:Smendes
5604:Twosret
5598:Seti II
5339:Mitanni
5333:Khamudi
5287:Dynasty
5277:Dynasty
5267:Dynasty
5105:Nur-ili
5075:Lullaya
4978:dynasty
4930:Abraham
4820:Abisare
4785:Zambiya
4679:(Queen
4631:Amorite
4602:Kingdom
4576:Intef I
4543:Elamite
4530:Amorite
4519:Shu-Sin
4420:Tirigan
4389:Ur-Baba
4319:Nûr-Mêr
4257:Lu-gula
4253:Lu-Baba
4167:Ididish
4148:Kingdom
4145:Eblaite
4143:Second
4093:Menkare
3968:Shu-Sin
3964:Ishu-Il
3892:dynasty
3872:Pepi II
3805:(Queen
3691:Elamite
3642:Userkaf
3585:Akurgal
3514:Ku-Baba
3330:(Queen
3266:Mesilim
3201:Sanakht
3191:(First
3008:Zuqaqip
3005:Kalumum
2990:Kalibum
2986:Puannum
2943:Kingdom
2792:Anedjib
2776:Hor-Aha
2721:Nat-Hor
2654:Iry-Hor
2650:Shendjw
2622:Pen-Abu
2570:Susa II
2108:7 April
2057:(1–2).
2053:].
2010:Germany
1916:Germany
1665:(1–2).
1646:Sources
930:Midas.
830:Ḫilakku
810:of the
779:Vassals
662:Urpallâ
573:
543:
527:
505:
466:
423:
402:Hittite
389:
373:
365:
332:
291:in the
268:
219:Urpallâ
7478:
7431:
7401:
7043:Jamasp
7037:Balash
6995:Narseh
6906:Trajan
6904:under
6438:Xerxes
6374:Madyes
6238:Sargon
5698:Siamun
5601:Siptah
5586:Seti I
5570:Ugarit
5315:Semqen
5300:Hyksos
5272:Abydos
5165:Sabium
5072:Bazaya
5063:Libaya
4997:Asinum
4994:Rimush
4954:Yamhad
4846:(...)
4823:Sumuel
4814:Zabaia
4811:Samium
4808:Emisum
4709:Ikunum
4681:Shibtu
4622:Immeya
4513:Shulgi
4408:Ur-gar
4368:Ur-Utu
4235:Lagash
4114:Nikare
4026:Eshpum
4014:Rimush
3866:Pepi I
3701:tarana
3645:Sahure
3625:Hishur
3602:Balulu
3567:Lagash
3548:Mug-si
3541:Ensha-
3489:Sa'umu
3417:Khafre
3401:Snefru
3349:Mes-he
3296:Lugal-
3287:Lagash
3230:Sagisu
3182:Djoser
3091:Tizqar
3062:Aratta
3018:Arwium
3015:Mashda
2965:Jushur
2895:Senedj
2834:period
2766:Narmer
2716:Wazner
2691:Hsekiu
2686:Ny-Hor
2665:Narmer
2635:Canide
2626:Animal
2532:Susa I
2482:Lagash
2456:Akshak
2431:Canaan
2342:Tuwana
2313:
2246:
2232:Oxford
2211:
2197:Oxford
2176:
2141:
2127:Winona
2028:
2006:Berlin
1960:
1934:
1912:Berlin
1892:
1866:
1852:Leiden
1789:
1775:Oxford
1753:
1739:London
1719:
1705:London
948:Legacy
916:basalt
826:Ḫiyawa
785:Porsuk
673:) and
594:Lydian
429:strong
379:mighty
324:Luwian
289:Tuwana
281:Luwian
237:Father
179:Luwian
96:Tuwana
7517:Tabal
7243:Boran
7225:Boran
7112:Syria
6892:Syria
6887:Judea
6429:Cyrus
6147:Urtak
5740:David
5346:Kirta
5330:Apepi
5327:Khyan
5048:Adasi
5018:Adasi
4646:(...)
4393:Gudea
4355:Si'um
4304:Setut
4275:Khita
4261:Ka-ku
4202:Ilulu
4198:Nanum
4190:Igigi
3934:Ukush
3836:Nanni
3598:Elulu
3485:Ansud
3404:Khufu
3332:Puabi
3209:Khaba
3205:Nebka
3087:Zamug
3025:Balih
3021:Etana
2982:Babum
2769:Menes
2711:Neheb
2706:Thesh
2696:Khayu
2669:Menes
2630:Stork
2461:Akkad
2451:Assur
2426:Egypt
2421:dates
2315:Died:
2049:[
2000:[
1860:BRILL
910:Some
901:Midas
853:Atuna
747:Atuna
743:Tabal
714:Reign
614:) or
492:as a
404:term
326:name
228:House
169:Issue
102:Reign
7476:ISBN
7452:Per
7429:ISBN
7399:ISBN
6809:Musa
6499:and
6197:Piye
5961:Pami
5732:Saul
4657:Mari
4454:Uruk
4376:Umma
4271:Helu
4217:Uruk
4207:Dudu
3974:Uruk
3927:Mari
3890:Adab
3860:Teti
3771:Urur
3756:Kish
3666:Unas
3617:Tata
3613:Peli
3554:Umma
3535:Uruk
3525:Unzi
3505:Nizi
3364:Adab
3262:Uhub
3254:Kish
3217:Huni
3095:Ilku
3042:Uruk
3011:Atab
2958:Kish
2798:Qa'a
2782:Djet
2779:Djer
2734:Wash
2726:Mekh
2640:Bull
2617:Fish
2492:Elam
2476:Umma
2471:Adab
2466:Uruk
2446:Kish
2441:Mari
2436:Ebla
2278:2024
2244:ISBN
2209:ISBN
2174:ISBN
2139:ISBN
2110:2024
2087:Iraq
2074:2024
2026:ISBN
1958:ISBN
1932:ISBN
1890:ISBN
1864:ISBN
1835:2024
1787:ISBN
1751:ISBN
1717:ISBN
1692:2024
855:and
702:Life
690:and
570:lit.
540:lit.
524:lit.
502:lit.
463:lit.
452:-wa-
420:lit.
386:lit.
384:and
370:lit.
344:-wa-
322:The
313:Name
155:Died
142:Born
92:King
63:Hero
60:King
4655:of
4194:Imi
3680:Ush
2789:Den
2701:Tiu
2099:doi
2063:doi
1824:doi
1679:doi
892:or
698:).
648:).
302:to
287:of
94:of
83:Bor
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7443:^
7354:;
7266:,
7143:,
6637::
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4803::
4753::
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4192:,
3831:Ur
3809:)
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3304:Ur
3093:,
3089:,
3064:")
2988:,
2984:,
2967:,
2870:Ba
2667:/
2657:Ka
2487:Ur
2354:c.
2347:c.
2318:c.
2269:.
2238::
2234:,
2230:.
2203::
2199:,
2195:.
2168::
2164:,
2133::
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2093:.
2091:72
2089:.
2085:.
2055:59
2043:.
2020::
2016:,
2012:;
2008:,
1986:;
1956:.
1952:.
1930:.
1926::
1922:,
1918:;
1914:,
1888:.
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1858::
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6879:)
6875:(
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