253:
498:
216:
190:
111:
163:
234:
506:
225:
127:
154:
199:
244:
174:
896:
145:
136:
1203:
Villalon, L. J. Andrew (2008). ""Cut Off Their Heads, or I'll Cut Off Yours": Castilian
Strategy and Tactics in the War of the Two Pedros and the Supporting Evidence from Murcia". In L. J. Andrew Villalon; Donald J. Kagay (eds.).
613:
The war lasted from 1356 to 1375, prolonged because Peter of
Castile lost his throne to Henry of Trastámara. The war primarily took place on the border between Castile and Aragon, namely Aragonese border towns such as
1603:
943:
However, the war is believed to have led to the establishment of administrative and military forces that would ultimately result in a unified
Castile and Aragon in the next century.
682:
With these negotiations complete, the
Castilian king invaded Aragonese territory without officially declaring war, and the conflict commenced again. The Aragonese king was at
347:
285:
1578:
1066:
1235:
340:
278:
1573:
1483:
1583:
1563:
961:
485:. The war resulted in Aragon gaining the upper hand, but it also devastated its economy that was already reeling from the effects of the
813:
From 1365 to 1369, Peter of
Castile was preoccupied with maintaining his position on the Castilian throne against Henry of Trastámara.
785:) (July 2, 1363) between the two kings. The peace was not ratified, however, and hostilities continued. The Castilians penetrated the
333:
271:
691:
844:) in the face of the oncoming armies. Peter fled with his treasury to Portugal, where he was coldly received by his uncle, King
1588:
721:
In 1363, Castile continued the war against Aragon, and again occupied
Tarazona. Peter of Castile received reinforcements from
1432:
1305:
1300:
1290:
1270:
653:
421:
406:
396:
371:
1362:
1265:
1228:
914:
376:
1040:
1357:
1442:
1310:
416:
998:
520:, which was fought between the local and allied forces of the reigning king, Peter of Castile, and his half-brother
1598:
1568:
648:) was negotiated on May 18, 1361, in which all conquered places and castles were returned to their original lords.
1160:
Kagay, Donald J. (2013). "Disposable
Alliances: Aragon and Castille during the War of the Two Pedros and Beyond".
477:, while the latter Peter was supported by France. The conflict also brought in the involvement of the kingdoms of
1593:
1558:
1221:
1195:
1135:
497:
1145:"The War of the Two Pedros (1356–1366): Aragon's Successful Administrative Strategy of Asymmetrical Defense"
1100:
Kagay, Donald J. (2007). "The
Defense of the Crown of Aragon during the War of the Two Pedros (1356–1366)".
252:
1452:
1275:
883:, which suffered low-level ravaging and political instability. The Castilians unsuccessfully laid siege to
381:
215:
189:
110:
1508:
832:. Peter abandoned the kingdom without daring to give battle, after retreating several times (first from
596:. Genoa was an ally of Castile. Peter of Castile, leading the Castilian fleet, caught up to PerellĂłs at
1064:
309:
162:
936:. These events ruined the Aragonese economy, leading to a decrease of the country’s population. The
730:
202:
67:
1188:
1081:
Donald J. Kagay, "The
Defense of the Crown of Aragon during the War of the Two Pedros (1356-1366),"
676:
657:
527:
Peter IV of Aragon supported Henry of Trastámara. Henry was also supported by the French commander
593:
1342:
474:
228:
1518:
1295:
853:
401:
233:
1144:
959:
821:
820:
began in 1366 and Peter of
Castile was dethroned. He was assailed by his illegitimate brother
750:
1398:
1337:
1244:
1173:
1129:
937:
672:
664:
536:
470:
357:
35:
516:
At the beginning of the fourteenth century, Castile was suffering from unrest caused by its
1473:
1393:
999:"Guerra de los dos Pedros (1356-1369) - Página de voz - Gran Enciclopedia Aragonesa OnLine"
825:
528:
505:
411:
8:
1533:
1493:
1457:
1388:
1378:
1285:
1019:
880:
845:
817:
786:
649:
597:
547:
540:
521:
517:
482:
386:
256:
193:
148:
90:
63:
910:
652:, ambassador of the Aragonese king, negotiated the peace. Peter IV married his daughter
224:
1528:
1513:
1488:
1352:
1117:
872:
588:
from the Aragonese king, aided France against England, and also managed to capture two
532:
478:
466:
314:
247:
166:
157:
130:
1498:
1478:
1503:
1383:
1121:
918:
875:
supported Peter of Castile in the War of the Two Peters. Castilian troops and their
771:
589:
585:
571:
139:
59:
20:
126:
1109:
703:
637:
462:
454:
446:
438:
219:
115:
84:
977:
734:
1523:
1070:
965:
857:
849:
633:
458:
178:
754:
711:
686:
without troops, and thus caught off guard. The Castilians took the castles of
1213:
733:
and a secret treaty with Henry II of Castile. Pedro of Castile then conquered
469:. The former Peter was supported by England and several English nobles led by
461:. The conflict was a struggle between two claimants to the throne of Castile,
325:
1552:
1347:
1044:
852:, in northern Spain, where he ordered the murder of Suero, the archbishop of
837:
829:
699:
567:
535:. The War of the Two Peters can thus be considered an extension of the wider
237:
1437:
695:
1113:
860:, Perálvarez. Both the Archbishop and the Dean were supporters of Henry.
531:
and his "free companies" of troops. Peter of Castile was supported by the
1403:
925:
486:
153:
895:
501:
Peter IV, King of Aragon by Gonçal Peris Sarrià & Jaume Mateu (1427)
263:
198:
876:
243:
173:
671:, and mutual aid was promised. Peter also contracted an alliance with
1447:
707:
683:
628:
At the beginning of 1361, the Castilians conquered the fortresses of
578:
509:
144:
135:
577:
A naval incident between the two powers had already caused tension:
884:
790:
777:
765:
746:
722:
622:
563:
559:
929:
905:
863:
Peter of Castile was overthrown in 1369. He was killed by Henry.
841:
794:
742:
726:
715:
629:
940:
was destroyed during the war and not rebuilt until much later.
933:
833:
802:
782:
768:
758:
738:
615:
581:
551:
909:
that had passed under Aragonese rule, such as the lordship of
1604:
Wars of succession involving the states and peoples of Europe
687:
668:
555:
1020:"Villalon and Kagay - The Hundred Years War: A Wider Focus"
798:
714:. Without taking his conquests any further, he returned to
729:. Meanwhile, the Aragonese king negotiated a treaty with
824:
at the head of a host of soldiers of fortune, including
16:
Confrontation between the Castilian and Aragonese crowns
625:
on March 9; on May 8, they arranged a temporary truce.
453:) was fought from 1356 to 1375 between the crowns of
1206:The Hundred Years War (Part II): Different Vistas
621:In 1357, Castile penetrated Aragon and conquered
1550:
584:, armed by Mossèn Francesc de Perellós, who had
1243:
1085:, Volume 71, Number 1, January 2007, pp. 11-31.
710:, even though he attacked it with all types of
355:
1229:
1075:
341:
279:
924:The misery of the war was compounded by the
570:in opposition to Castile and Castile's ally
1162:Studies in Medieval and Renaissance History
1236:
1222:
348:
334:
286:
272:
566:. Peter of Aragon wished to dominate the
293:
1202:
921:, the successor of Henry II of Castile.
894:
663:In June 1362, Peter of Castile met with
504:
496:
1484:Lancaster's Normandy chevauchée of 1356
866:
512:sculpture of Peter the Cruel, from 1504
1551:
917:, daughter of Peter IV of Aragon, and
706:. Peter of Castile was unable to take
1574:Wars involving the Kingdom of Castile
1217:
1159:
1142:
1099:
928:and other natural disasters, such as
546:Peter of Castile sought to claim the
329:
267:
913:. A marriage was contracted between
1579:Conflicts of the Hundred Years' War
1363:John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury
1266:Second War of Scottish Independence
377:Second War of Scottish Independence
13:
1584:History of the Valencian Community
1564:Wars involving the Crown of Aragon
1358:John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford
14:
1615:
1208:. Leiden: Brill. pp. 153–84.
890:
640:, and other places. However, the
1043:. Thinkspain.com. Archived from
618:, which fell to the Castilians.
251:
242:
232:
223:
214:
197:
188:
172:
161:
152:
143:
134:
125:
109:
1102:The Journal of Military History
1092:
1083:The Journal of Military History
600:but was unable to capture him.
1058:
1033:
1012:
991:
970:
953:
1:
1589:Military history of Catalonia
946:
524:over the right to the crown.
492:
1453:War of the Breton Succession
1311:Armagnac–Burgundian conflict
1276:War of the Breton Succession
1149:Imago Temporis: Medium Aevum
1001:. Enciclopedia-aragonesa.com
808:
608:
417:Armagnac–Burgundian conflict
382:War of the Breton Succession
7:
1041:"If these walls could talk"
443:La Guerra de los Dos Pedros
10:
1620:
1134:: CS1 maint: postscript (
1069:December 21, 2007, at the
550:, which included parts of
18:
1466:
1443:Armagnacs and Burgundians
1425:
1416:
1371:
1330:
1323:
1258:
1251:
1143:Kagay, Donald J. (2012).
367:
305:
208:
102:
68:Principality of Catalonia
41:
33:
28:
1509:Battle of La Brossinière
658:Frederick III the Simple
19:Not to be confused with
1599:14th century in Castile
1569:Wars involving Portugal
1343:Edward the Black Prince
1194:CS1 maint: postscript (
789:in 1363, and conquered
229:Edward the Black Prince
1594:14th-century conflicts
1559:14th century in Aragon
1519:Battle of the Herrings
900:
644:(sometimes called the
603:
513:
502:
450:
442:
209:Commanders and leaders
1281:War of the Two Peters
1114:10.1353/jmh.2007.0040
964:June 9, 2007, at the
938:Cathedral of Tarazona
898:
673:Edward III of England
665:Charles II of Navarre
594:SanlĂşcar de Barrameda
508:
500:
451:Guerra dels dos Peres
435:War of the Two Peters
392:War of the Two Peters
297:War of the Two Peters
79:Trastámarian victory
29:War of the Two Peters
1474:Battle of Saint-Omer
867:Invasion of Valencia
826:Bertrand du Guesclin
805:, and other places.
529:Bertrand du Guesclin
185:With the support of:
122:With the support of:
58:Mostly towns in the
1534:Battle of Castillon
1494:Battle of Agincourt
1458:Castilian Civil War
1296:Despenser's Crusade
1286:Castilian Civil War
846:Peter I of Portugal
840:, and finally from
822:Henry of Trastámara
818:Castilian Civil War
787:Kingdom of Valencia
650:Bernardo de Cabrera
548:Kingdom of Valencia
541:Castilian Civil War
522:Henry of Trastámara
402:Despenser's Crusade
387:Castilian Civil War
257:Henry II of Castile
194:Henry II of Castile
149:Kingdom of Portugal
91:Henry II of Castile
64:Kingdom of Valencia
1529:Battle of Formigny
1514:Battle of Verneuil
1489:Battle of Poitiers
1245:Hundred Years' War
1022:. Deremilitari.org
903:Castile recovered
901:
899:The region in 1360
873:Kingdom of Granada
537:Hundred Years' War
514:
503:
467:Peter IV of Aragon
359:Hundred Years' War
248:Peter IV of Aragon
167:Emirate of Granada
158:Kingdom of Navarre
131:Kingdom of England
36:Hundred Years' War
1546:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1504:Battle of Cravant
1412:
1411:
1319:
1318:
1306:Lancastrian phase
1184:|postscript=
1181:External link in
919:John I of Castile
915:Eleanor of Aragon
879:invaded southern
772:Jean de la Grange
675:and Edward's son
586:letters of marque
430:
429:
422:Lancastrian phase
412:Glyndŵr rebellion
323:
322:
262:
261:
203:Kingdom of France
140:Republic of Genoa
98:
97:
60:Kingdom of Aragon
21:War of the Peters
1611:
1423:
1422:
1328:
1327:
1301:1383–1385 Crisis
1256:
1255:
1238:
1231:
1224:
1215:
1214:
1209:
1199:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1179:
1177:
1169:
1156:
1139:
1133:
1125:
1086:
1079:
1073:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1052:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1027:
1016:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1006:
995:
989:
988:
986:
985:
974:
968:
957:
932:and a plague of
848:, and thence to
677:The Black Prince
463:Peter of Castile
407:1383–1385 Crisis
362:
360:
350:
343:
336:
327:
326:
300:
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288:
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274:
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220:Peter of Castile
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176:
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156:
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116:Crown of Castile
113:
85:Peter of Castile
43:
42:
26:
25:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1609:
1608:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1538:
1524:Battle of Patay
1499:Battle of Baugé
1479:Battle of Crécy
1462:
1418:
1408:
1367:
1315:
1271:Edwardian phase
1247:
1242:
1212:
1193:
1183:
1182:
1180:
1171:
1170:
1127:
1126:
1095:
1090:
1089:
1080:
1076:
1071:Wayback Machine
1063:
1059:
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1038:
1034:
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1017:
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997:
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992:
983:
981:
976:
975:
971:
966:Wayback Machine
958:
954:
949:
893:
869:
811:
642:peace of Terrer
611:
606:
539:as well as the
495:
431:
426:
372:Edwardian phase
363:
358:
356:
354:
324:
319:
301:
296:
294:
292:
250:
231:
222:
196:
187:
182:
179:Crown of Aragon
160:
151:
142:
133:
124:
119:
70:
66:, coast of the
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1617:
1607:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1429:
1427:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1334:
1332:
1325:
1321:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1291:Caroline phase
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1262:
1260:
1253:
1249:
1248:
1241:
1240:
1233:
1226:
1218:
1211:
1210:
1200:
1157:
1140:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1074:
1057:
1032:
1011:
990:
969:
951:
950:
948:
945:
892:
891:End of the war
889:
877:Moorish allies
868:
865:
810:
807:
712:siege machines
610:
607:
605:
602:
494:
491:
428:
427:
425:
424:
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
397:Caroline phase
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
368:
365:
364:
353:
352:
345:
338:
330:
321:
320:
318:
317:
312:
306:
303:
302:
291:
290:
283:
276:
268:
260:
259:
240:
211:
210:
206:
205:
169:
105:
104:
100:
99:
96:
95:
94:
93:
87:
76:
72:
71:
57:
55:
51:
50:
47:
39:
38:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1616:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1424:
1421:
1415:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1348:John of Gaunt
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1239:
1234:
1232:
1227:
1225:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1207:
1201:
1197:
1190:
1175:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1137:
1131:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1097:
1084:
1078:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1061:
1047:on 2016-01-21
1046:
1042:
1036:
1021:
1015:
1000:
994:
979:
978:"1360 - 1365"
973:
967:
963:
960:
956:
952:
944:
941:
939:
935:
931:
927:
922:
920:
916:
912:
908:
907:
897:
888:
886:
882:
878:
874:
864:
861:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
830:Hugh Calveley
827:
823:
819:
814:
806:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
779:
774:arranged the
773:
770:
767:
762:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
719:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
680:
678:
674:
670:
666:
661:
659:
655:
651:
647:
646:peace of Deza
643:
639:
635:
631:
626:
624:
619:
617:
601:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
580:
575:
573:
569:
568:Mediterranean
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
544:
542:
538:
534:
530:
525:
523:
519:
511:
507:
499:
490:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
369:
366:
361:
351:
346:
344:
339:
337:
332:
331:
328:
316:
313:
311:
308:
307:
304:
299:
289:
284:
282:
277:
275:
270:
269:
266:
258:
254:
249:
245:
241:
239:
238:John of Gaunt
235:
230:
226:
221:
217:
213:
212:
207:
204:
200:
195:
191:
186:
183:
181:
180:
175:
170:
168:
164:
159:
155:
150:
146:
141:
137:
132:
128:
123:
120:
118:
117:
112:
107:
106:
101:
92:
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1438:Chevauchées
1404:Joan of Arc
1399:Charles VII
926:Black Death
487:Black Death
1553:Categories
1394:Charles VI
1338:Edward III
1168:: 111–47.
1155:: 191–222.
1051:2015-05-31
1026:2015-05-31
1005:2015-05-31
984:2015-05-31
947:References
856:, and the
694:, Terrer,
493:Background
471:Edward III
1448:Jacquerie
1389:Charles V
1379:Philip VI
1122:201755047
887:in 1364.
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609:1356–1363
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310:Barcelona
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1067:Archived
962:Archived
906:comarcas
885:Orihuela
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735:Cariñena
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473:and his
315:Araviana
62:and the
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1467:Battles
1433:Battles
1426:General
1384:John II
1353:Henry V
1331:English
1324:Leaders
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