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234:
455:, publicly criticized the sculptures and called for their removal. The week after its installation Johnson issued a memo to the City Council calling the price of the art work "outrageous" in difficult economic times. Johnson had been a member of the City Council in 1990 when it had approved the project's funding. He was unable to remove the sculptures because of a contract clause stating that the art could not be removed within the first five years.
88:. The piece was installed in January 1992. Originally consisting of 35 sculptures at 20 locations, several pieces atop the SR-51 wall were removed in 2004 to allow for the noise barrier wall to be heightened; more than half of the original sculptures remain in place throughout central Phoenix, including six that are visible to motorists on the SR-51.
205:-based artist Mags Harries and architect Lajos Héder, for the project. Harries and Heder sought inspiration by biking through the neighborhoods beside the freeway and speaking with residents. They were intrigued by the sight of pots displayed on living room shelves during their visits, and were also aware of the history of the
429:
tall crystal vase sculpture, breaking off the top half of the work. Artists spent two months repairing the sculpture and it was returned to its place atop the freeway wall. Less than two months later, in June 1992, the vase sculpture was again smashed by vandals. It was again repaired by the artists.
262:
near the freeway. Two were placed along the
Arizona Canal, and two along the Grand Canal. By 2021 only one vessel at each Canal remained. The designs were created by Hopi artist and silversmith Howard Sice. When they were introduced, the acoustic vessels contained bubbling water that spread sound and
181:
According to
Phoenix Arts Commission executive director Deborah Whitehurst, the sculptures were intended primarily for the residents of the neighborhood around the SR-51, not the motorists on the SR-51. Whitehurst said that the art was designed to "enhance the walls along the freeway wall" and to act
428:
City workers removed the golden toilet, stating that it was a safety hazard for motorists. Also removed were a few old trash cans and flower pots that had also been placed upon the wall in an apparent protest against the new art installation. Two weeks later vandals lassoed a rope around the 3-foot
493:
In the early 2000s an $ 80 million project to expand the SR- 51 took place. An HOV lane was added, which required a higher noise barrier wall to lessen the noise to the surrounding neighborhoods. Twelve of the sculptures were removed during the project, and the others were protected in place during
298:
Two water clock vessels are placed into the side of the east wall of the SR-51. Originally built atop the freeway wall, the vessels were left in place during the 2004 wall expansion; the addition to the freeway wall was built around the sculptures. A portion of both vessels can be seen by motorists
94:
was among the first projects initiated by the newly formed
Phoenix Arts Commission. Established in 1986, the Phoenix Arts Commission chose to focus on creating art around the city of Phoenix rather than concentrating art in the downtown area, working with artists in collaboration with engineers to
197:
Because of this, the art work was inspired by the neighborhood and the majority of the 35 sculptures were placed on the neighborhood side of the freeway walls. Many of the pieces originally incorporated landscaping in their designs. All pieces were made uniquely for their site, for example the
154:, which was then called the Squaw Peak Parkway. According to Robert Schultz of the City of Phoenix, " construction, because it took place during the 1980s and 1990s, afforded the newly formed Phoenix Arts Commission a chance to site many innovative projects along a well-used public corridor."
113:
The philosophy of the staff was really that quality and design and art was for everybody in the city. It wasn't just for the cognoscenti. And we took that to heart. We decided very early on that the only way that we could make an impact is if we involved artists with the actual building and
98:
The piece was controversial, with many criticizing the art's cost, whimsical design, and creation by two out-of-state artists. The piece received international media attention. Many residents, and the mayor of
Phoenix Phil Johnson, called for the removal of the sculptures. The following year
484:
praised the sculptures, writing "Those pots gave me a flicker of hope that
Phoenix wasn't as culturally desiccated as I'd thought — that someone here in this vale of triple-digit temperatures and double-digit I.Q.'s actually had a pretty artfully honed sense of humor."
146:
The City of
Phoenix commissioned architect William Morrish, urban designer Catherine Brown, and artist Grover Mouton to put together a master plan. The plan, titled "Public Art Plan for Phoenix: Ideas and Visions," was adopted by the City Council in 1988.
142:
In 1988 voters approved a $ 1 billion bond for the City of
Phoenix, with 1% of the budget, $ 10 million, designated for public art. The city chose to fund public art implementation throughout the city rather than focusing its efforts on the downtown area.
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The three guardian vessels and the two water clock vessels remained in place and the noise barrier wall was added around the sculptures. Several of the pieces that had been places atop the wall were put into storage were not reinstalled.
313:
is a 14-foot free-standing work constructed of lime green metal, with actual teapot pieces inlaid in its terrazzo floor. Dave
Siebert of the Arizona Republic called the work "the most interesting of the pieces."
212:
Some of the sculptures were installed atop the freeway wall itself and were visible to motorists. Many
Phoenicians were not aware of the majority of the sculptures that were not visible from the freeway.
271:
Three guardian vessels are placed into the freeway wall at places were neighborhood streets were cut off by the construction of the SR-51. Each bear the name of the street they are located on: The
135:
became interested in finding a way for the city of
Phoenix to better support the arts, which led to the Phoenix Arts Commission being established in 1985. In 1986 the Phoenix City Council passed a
425:
was making a documentary about the pots called "Chamber Pots of the Gods." The following day a gold spray-painted toilet was left atop the parkway wall with a copy of Monitini's article inside.
95:
implement art and design in the city's expanding infrastructure. The project cost $ 475,000 which was funded by the $ 10 million of voter-approved bond money designated for public art in 1986.
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Located at 20th St and Oak on the neighborhood side of the wall, five sculptures are located on a section of the freeway barrier called the "Imagery Wall." Three sculptures called
187:
Everybody has teapots, dishes, vases. Everybody has that in their home. We wanted the theme of the home, but with the scale of the freeway. This is a whimsical piece.
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whose handle can be seen prominently in the freeway wall between Indian School and Camelback. It has been referred to by some motorists as a "giant teapot."
84:
that consists of over 20 sculptures in various locations in central Phoenix. The sculptures are in the form of vessels and jars and were created by artists
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Within the first year of the art's installation the work was criticized by local residents, international media, and the mayor of Phoenix. Critics of
206:
421:
columnist E.J Montini criticized the art in a piece titled "$ 500,000 buys some cracked pots for parkway". In the piece Montini joked that
246:
The 35 sculptures ranged from 2 to 15 feet in height. They are polychrome sculptures, many of which also featured landscaped environments.
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is located along another bike path east of the SR-51. It is visible to motorists on Osborn Road, and located within view of sculpture
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1173:"'Chamber Pots of the Gods' leave Phoenix taxpayers cold". Tucson, Arizona: The Arizona Daily Star. AP. 5 February 1992. p. 45.
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is built into the freeway wall and can be seen along the bike path on the east side of the SR-51. It is located feet away from
128:. From 1940 to 1980 the city's population grew by eleven-fold, growing from a population of 65,414 in 1940 to 789,704 in 1980.
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took issue with the project's $ 474,000 cost, its unusual design, and the hiring of out-of-state artists for its creation.
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Three of the largest pieces are called "giant vessels"; all are located on the neighborhood side of the freeway wall.
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is a two-part work consisting of a giant vessel and an accompanying shallow pool, both painted with aquatic designs.
1260:
Montini, E.J. (2 February 1992). "$ 500,000 buys some cracked pots for parkway". The Arizona Republic. p. 25.
1406:"Fifteen years after the Squaw Peak Pots debacle, the Phoenix art community rallies around a public-art project"
85:
30:
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1308:
M.E., Saavedra (21 April 1992). "Vandalized vase from parkway is fixed, replaced". Arizona Republic. p. 5.
440:
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was one of ten public artworks featured in a Smithsonian video titled "Public Sculpture America's Legacy".
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All three guardian vessels have portions visible to motorists from the freeway. The most visible is the
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is inside an asymmetrical indentation in the wall. It can be seen on both sides of the freeway wall.
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are placed inside indentations within the wall. On a shelf on the wall is another sculpture called
1227:"Parkway of the pots: A jarring experience". The Arizona Republic. 7 February 1992. p. E14.
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The artists referred to this piece as a "mini-park" and a "small sanctuary for hummingbirds."
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Three gazebos were built along the bike paths on the neighborhood side of the barrier wall.
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119: — Gretchen Freeman, Phoenix's first Public Art Program Director, speaking in 2015
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1044:
1031:"How did Phoenix get controversial giant pots as a public art project? Valley 101 digs in"
8:
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hummingbird garden vessel was designed because of a nearby resident who kept an aviary.
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The construction of the SR-51 cut through existing neighborhoods in Central Phoenix
81:
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as a bridge between the neighborhood and the large structure of the freeway.
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is located on the west side of the SR-51; it is built into the barrier wall.
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202:
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ordinance, setting aside one percent of construction budgets for public art.
132:
1359:"Public Sculpture: America's Legacy. America Past and Present. Study Guide"
125:
173:
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which was integrated into the design of the Thomas Road freeway overpass.
505:, the city of Phoenix paid $ 50,000 to remove and store the sculptures.
192: — Phoenix Arts Commission director Deborah Whitehurst in 1992
1293:"Vandals pull down vase sculpture decorating Phoenix-area freeway".
1155:
Harris, Don (4 February 1992). "Additions to parkway pots evicted".
150:
The plan suggested implementing art alongside the newly constructed
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referred to them as "ugly urns." They were parodied in a cartoon
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On February 2, 1992, a few days after the art's installation,
1343:. Allentown, PA: The Morning Call. p. B7. Archived from
445:
467:
was voted Phoenix's second-favorite work of art. In 1994
1008:"ARCHITECTURE VIEW; When Art Becomes A Public Spectacle"
238:
1993 student film mockumentary showcasing the sculptures
1159:. Phoenix, Arizona: Arizona Republic. pp. 1, A2.
432:
The pots received international media attention. The
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The art was installed in the end of January in 1992.
124:
Phoenix experienced a large population growth after
103:
was voted the second favorite sculpture in Phoenix.
1361:. National Museum of American Art, Washington, DC.
254:Four acoustic water vessels were placed along the
1375:. The Daily Courier. 9 November 1994. p. 2B.
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357:is located along a bike path east of the SR-51.
1125:. University of New Mexico Press. p. 191.
1045:"Phoenix Arts and Culture at 30 A Conversation"
1379:
1083:. Phoenix Office of Arts and Culture. 2005.
332:
1276:"Phoenix highway art adds color to travels"
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16:Public art installation in Phoenix, Arizona
1341:"Art, politics proved poor mix in Phoenix"
1323:. Tucson Citizen. 15 June 1992. p. 8.
1077:Infusion 20 Years of Public Art in Phoenix
893:1737 E Sierra Vista Dr, Phoenix, AZ 85016
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701:1738 E Montebello Ave, Phoenix, AZ 85016
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157:The commission's first SR-51 project was
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573:1730 E Montecito Ave, Phoenix, AZ 85016
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877:1818 E Maryland Ave, Phoenix, AZ 85016
685:1802 E Claremont St, Phoenix, AZ 85016
669:2000 East Virginia Avenue, Phoenix, AZ
1433:
1404:Vanesian, Kathleen (24 January 2008).
1338:
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1177:
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1029:Dominguez, Maritza (9 December 2019).
557:1823 E Mitchell Dr, Phoenix, AZ 85016
293:
201:The city hired husband and wife team,
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717:1749 E Medlock Dr, Phoenix, AZ 85016
508:
209:in the Southwestern United States.
1373:"Squaw Peak pots gaining popularity"
1365:
1307:
1273:
1202:
1104:Davenport, Paul (18 February 1992).
1059:
1006:MUSCHAMP, HERBERT (29 August 1993).
653:1838 E Osborn Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85016
541:1769 E Tuckey Ln, Phoenix, AZ 85016
503:Arizona Department of Transportation
1339:Gehman, Geoff (29 September 1994).
1253:
1220:
1163:
637:1941 E Brill St, Phoenix, AZ 85006
266:
249:
80:, is a public art installation in
13:
1327:
999:
797:2320 N 20th St, Phoenix, AZ 85006
781:2320 N 20th St, Phoenix, AZ 85006
765:2320 N 20th St, Phoenix, AZ 85006
749:2320 N 20th St, Phoenix, AZ 85006
733:2320 N 20th St, Phoenix, AZ 85006
679:Giant Octopus Vessel and Fishbowl
621:2024 E Palm Ln, Phoenix, AZ 85006
605:4239 N 18th St, Phoenix, AZ 85016
589:4001 N 18th St, Phoenix, AZ 85016
14:
1462:
1416:
1393:. Arizona Republic. 18 July 2014.
403:
349:Giant Octopus Vessel and Fishbowl
444:They received media coverage in
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232:
1446:Public art in the United States
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1312:
1301:
1297:. 19 February 1992. p. 14.
1286:
370:
1282:. Bowling Green, Kentucky. AP.
1241:Seibert, Dave (18 July 2014).
1112:
1106:"Pot problem growing for City"
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1:
992:
219:
106:
1196:Mags Harries and Lajos Heder
398:
263:a mist over the bench area.
86:Mags Harries and Lajos Héder
31:Mags Harries and Lajos Héder
7:
1274:Shyr, Luna (18 July 1995).
1108:. The Prescott Courier. AP.
647:Giant Car Container Vessel
441:Ripley's Believe It or Not!
322:Giant Car Container Vessel.
168:
10:
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948:Split Native American pot
583:Hummingbird Garden Vessel
501:Per an agreement with the
361:Giant Car Container Vessel
302:
896:Not visible from freeway
880:Not visible from freeway
864:Not visible from freeway
848:Not visible from freeway
832:Not visible from freeway
816:Not visible from freeway
800:Not visible from freeway
784:Not visible from freeway
768:Not visible from freeway
752:Not visible from freeway
711:Black Water Clock Vessel
688:Not visible from freeway
672:Not visible from freeway
656:Not visible from freeway
599:Glenrosa Guardian Vessel
592:Not visible from freeway
576:Not visible from freeway
560:Not visible from freeway
544:Not visible from freeway
458:
333:Hummingbird Garden Vessel
231:
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59:
51:
36:
26:
21:
1210:"Wall Cycle to Ocotillo"
1192:"Wall Cycle to Ocotillo"
1119:Childs, Mark C. (2006).
288:Glenrosa Guardian Vessel
275:on Glenrosa Avenue, the
273:Glenrosa Guardian Vessel
165:was the second project.
794:Imagery Wall Component
778:Imagery Wall Component
762:Imagery Wall Component
746:Imagery Wall Component
730:Imagery Wall Component
695:Red Water Clock Vessel
663:Giant Sunflower Vessel
478:, Kathleen Vanesian of
207:Native American pottery
159:Our Shared Environment,
114:designing of the city.
1424:Wall Cycle to Ocotillo
631:Brill Guardian Vessel
489:Removal of wall pieces
476:Wall Cycle to Ocotillo
474:In a 2008 piece about
469:Wall Cycle to Ocotillo
465:Wall Cycle to Ocotillo
451:The mayor of Phoenix,
410:Wall Cycle to Ocotillo
355:Giant Sunflower Vessel
279:on Palm Lane, and the
189:
178:
163:Wall Cycle to Ocotillo
131:In 1984 Phoenix mayor
116:
101:Wall Cycle to Ocotillo
92:Wall Cycle to Ocotillo
71:Wall Cycle to Ocotillo
22:Wall Cycle to Ocotillo
1451:Sculptures in Arizona
743:Skeleton Face Vessel
736:Visible from freeway
720:Visible from freeway
704:Visible from freeway
640:Visible from freeway
624:Visible from freeway
615:Palm Guardian Vessel
608:Visible from freeway
391:The sculpture called
389:Skeleton Face Vessel.
281:Brill Guardian Vessel
185:
176:
111:
1408:. Phoenix New Times.
978:Round Metallic Vase
277:Palm Guardian Vessel
1249:. Arizona Republic.
1033:. Arizona Republic.
963:Split Serving Dish
887:Small Planter Bowl
871:Giant Planter Bowl
714:Water Clock Vessel
698:Water Clock Vessel
494:the construction.
423:National Geographic
294:Water Clock Vessels
74:, often called the
1295:Arizona Daily Star
1216:. City of Phoenix.
855:Acoustic Vessel 4
839:Acoustic Vessel 3
823:Acoustic Vessel 2
807:Acoustic Vessel 1
509:List of sculptures
179:
1387:"Squaw Peak Pots"
1319:"Broken Dishes".
1243:"Squaw Peak Pots"
1047:. City of Phoenix
990:
989:
481:Phoenix New Times
435:National Enquirer
283:on Brill Street.
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1347:on 27 July 2023.
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1014:. Archived from
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858:Acoustic Vessel
842:Acoustic Vessel
826:Acoustic Vessel
810:Acoustic Vessel
634:Guardian Vessel
618:Guardian Vessel
602:Guardian Vessel
551:Moroccan Gazebo
513:
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418:Arizona Republic
267:Guardian Vessels
250:Acoustic Vessels
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82:Phoenix, Arizona
63:Phoenix, Arizona
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1018:on 26 May 2015.
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981:Wall top piece
966:Wall top piece
951:Wall top piece
936:Wall top piece
921:Wall top piece
906:Wall top piece
759:Aspirin Bottle
567:African Gazebo
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365:Moroccan Gazebo
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318:Moroccan Gazebo
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227:External videos
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137:percent for art
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77:Squaw Peak Pots
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5:
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1426:on phoenix.gov
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1214:phoenix.gov
986:In storage
971:In storage
956:In storage
941:In storage
933:Glass Vase
926:In storage
918:Coffee Pot
911:In storage
775:Coffee Cup
260:Grand Canal
1435:Categories
1280:Daily News
993:References
385:Coffee Cup
220:Sculptures
107:Background
1391:azcentral
1247:azcentral
525:Location
399:Reception
240:(YouTube)
55:Sculpture
791:Pitcher
463:In 1993
169:Creation
60:Location
1122:Squares
1051:28 July
570:Gazebo
554:Gazebo
538:Gazebo
528:Status
381:Pitcher
303:Gazebos
42: (
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459:Praise
383:, and
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27:Artist
1081:(PDF)
890:Bowl
874:Bowl
522:Type
446:Japan
1127:ISBN
1085:ISBN
1053:2023
258:and
44:1992
40:1992
37:Year
1437::
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46:)
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