52:
146:, three GNA fighters were killed by snipers while assaulting a Russian-occupied school. The PMCs eventually blew a hole in the wall of a classroom and escaped as the GNA attacked the school with Turkish armored vehicles. The PMCs' snipers killed a number of competent GNA mid-level commanders along the frontline. The presence of the PMCs also lead to more precise mortar fire being directed at the GNA. The PMCs were also equipped with laser-guided
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199:. The next month, the GNA stated that two Russians who were arrested by their forces in early July were employed by the Wagner Group. The two were arrested on suspicion of seeking to influence elections and were said to be involved in "securing a meeting" with Saif al-Islam Gaddafi. Later, it was reported that the two Russians had three meetings with Gaddafi by April 2019.
225:
defenses which were operated either by
Russian PMCs or the LNA. A GNA official also stated that Russian PMCs appeared to be responsible. An estimated 25 Wagner military technicians were thought to had established transmission towers and platforms atop buildings south of Tripoli, which lead to the bringing down of the drones by jamming of control signals for the aircraft.
195:. The campaign targeted eight African countries. At least some of the Facebook accounts came from the Wagner Group and the one operation that was attributed to Wagner was supporting two potential future political competitors in Libya. It had Egyptian page managers and the pages included Muammar Gaddafi nostalgia content. They also bolstered
278:
In early May, according to a UN report, between 800 and 1,200 Wagner PMCs were deployed in Libya in support of the LNA. They were operating in specialized military tasks, including sniper teams. The UN also confirmed the presence of Syrian fighters who were transported to Libya since the start of the
274:
targeted an ammunition convoy, as well as a fuel convoy, reportedly destroying six trucks. Wagner PMCs were claimed to be in the vehicles, with one of them being killed and another wounded. On 22 April, the GNA's
Interior Minister accused the Wagner Group of carrying out a chemical attack against its
137:
injured, Western and Libyan officials stated that during the first week of
September more than 100 Wagner PMCs arrived on the frontline to provide artillery support for Haftar's forces. Following the GNA's recapture of a village south of Tripoli from the LNA, the GNA found the abandoned belongings of
321:
Towards the end of June, the Al Jufra airbase was reportedly turned into a Wagner Group command center for operations to take control of the country's southern oil fields and the PMCs at the base were said to include
Ukrainians and Serbians, besides the Russian contractors. Subsequently, Wagner PMCs
296:
and advanced into several districts of southern
Tripoli, during which they captured three military camps. During the fighting, the GNA reported three Wagner PMCs were killed, with the body of one of them being seized. The first Syrian fighter from the force recruited to support the Wagner Group also
182:
A Wagner headquarters was set up at a hospital in the town of Esbia, 50 kilometers south of
Tripoli, where the PMCs were stated to have detained and shot the family of a man who had stumbled upon the contractors by mistake. Three people were killed, while the man and another family member managed to
173:
on the outskirts of
Tripoli, as well as at least in one residential neighborhood of the capital. According to Jalel Harchaoui, a Libya expert at The Netherlands Institute of International Relations, the PMCs' toughness, lethal techniques and coordination discipline instilled fear in the GNAs' forces
376:
On 23 October 2020, a new cease-fire agreement was reached in Libya, with peace talks to subsequently begin. The talks started on 12 November. However, the same day, the GNA's army stated it would not accept further talks with the presence of the PMCs and their anti-aircraft systems in Sirte, after
368:
Mid-September, it was confirmed the Wagner Group was conducting air-strikes in support of the LNA, with two Mig-29s piloted by the PMCs crashing, one at the end of June, and the other in early
September. A video of the second jets' pilot circulated online, showing him being rescued by an LNA combat
364:
and land mines. A total of 14 Mig-29 and Su-24 fighter jets had also been delivered. According to a UN report, 338 Russian military flights from Syria to Libya were conducted between
November 2019, and July 2020, in support of the Wagner Group. In early August, a 21-vehicle Wagner convoy moved from
228:
On 12 December, a new assault by the LNA was launched towards
Tripoli, with the LNA making several advances. It was said the Russian PMCs were leading the LNA assault. Over a two-day period, the PMCs, who were equipped with sophisticated drone-jamming technology and artillery, launched 2,500 mortar
141:
Subsequently, at the sites of various clashes along the frontline, GNA militiamen were recovering Russian material being left behind. By early November, the number of PMCs had grown to 200 or 300 and Wagner snipers were causing a number of casualties among GNA frontline fighters, with 30 percent of
301:, with hundreds being evacuated on 25 May. According to the GNA, between 1,500 and 1,600 "mercenaries" withdrew from Tripoli's frontlines in the previous days. The PMCs also pulled back their artillery and other heavy weapons during the withdrawal from southern Tripoli. On 26 May, according to the
283:
airline. The Syrians numbered less than 2,000 and were made up of former rebels recruited by the Wagner Group, under Russian military supervision, to fight alongside them. Mid-May, GNA artillery reportedly shelled a Wagner base that was used for observation, intelligence and organizing operations.
384:
revealed that the United Arab Emirates was funding the Russian PMCs in Libya and was the main financial supporter of the Wagner Group. By late January 2021, the PMCs built a large trench, or a series of trenches, extending about 70 kilometers from Sirte towards the Wagner stronghold of Jufra. The
312:
Following the collapse of the LNA's offensive on Tripoli, the GNA launched an assault on the LNA-held city of Sirte in early June, managing initially to capture parts of the city, before a LNA counter-attack pushed the GNA's forces back. Subsequently, while the GNA was preparing a second assault,
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was preparing bipartisan sanctions against the PMCs in Libya, whose number had risen to 1,400, according to several Western officials. The GNA, for its part, stated it documented between 600 and 800 PMCs in the country. These included 25 pilots, trainers and support crew, with the pilots flying
224:
On 20 November, an Italian military drone crashed near Tripoli, with the LNA claiming it had shot it down. The next day, a US military drone was also shot down over Tripoli, although the LNA stated it had been brought down by mistake. According to the US, the drone was shot down by Russian air
133:, but the offensive stalled within two weeks on the outskirts of the city due to stiff resistance. At the end of September, following reports of GNA airstrikes killing Russian mercenaries during the month south of Tripoli, including one that reportedly left dozens dead and Wagner commander
385:
trench was bolstered by a series of elaborate fortifications designed to disrupt land attacks. More than 30 defensive positions were dug along the trench with key positions near the Jufra air base and at the Brak airfield further south, where radar defenses were installed and fortified.
269:
However, at the end of March, the GNA claimed to have targeted a building in the Qasr Bin Ghashir area south of Tripoli which had been occupied by Russian PMCs that had been responsible for several recent attacks on Tripoli neighborhoods. On 2 April, GNA airstrikes in two areas south of
109:
report did not "correspond to reality", although RBK TV also confirmed the Russian military deployment to Libya. By early March 2019, according to a British government source, around 300 Wagner PMCs were in Benghazi supporting Haftar. At this time, the LNA was making
779:"#BreakingNews: 7 Russian mercenaries have been killed in an airstrike by Burkan Al-Ghadab operation forces under #GNA's command against #Haftar's militias in Qasir Benghashir in southern #Tripoli, says commander of Control Room of Anti-terrorism Force Ali Abu Zayan"
503:
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or artillery projectiles and brought down a Turkish drone which was deployed by the GNA in an attempt to deter the LNA push. The drone was the sixth of seven deployed by Turkey in June that had been brought down by this point. In early January 2020,
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stated that information from Libyan agencies and demining groups linked the Wagner Group to the use of banned landmines and booby traps in Libya. These mines killed at least three Libyan deminers before the mines' locations were identified.
345:
In July, the United States imposed sanctions on Wagner individuals and entities for the planting of landmines in and around Tripoli. Meanwhile, according to AFRICOM, Russia continued to supply the LNA through the Wagner Group with
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Russian PMCs were planting landmines in and around Sirte to "obstruct the advance" of the GNA. Mid-June, AFRICOM reported one of the newly arrived Russian aircraft was spotted taking off from the Al Jufra Airbase, while a
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fighter jet was seen operating near Sirte. There was concern the aircraft were being operated by the PMCs. At the end of the month, the GNA claimed a Wagner rocket attack west of Sirte left one civilian dead.
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161:. With the ground fighting in the war among the local factions being considered amateurish, it was thought that the arrival of the PMCs could have an outsized impact. Additionally, the PMCs introduced
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1990:
513:
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Following Turkey's and Russia's call for a ceasefire in Libya on 8 January 2020, the GNA claimed a significant number of Wagner fighters had withdrawn from the frontline via helicopters to the
2042:
2016:
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91:. It was said the bases were set up under the cover of the Wagner Group and that 'dozens' of GRU agents and special forces members were acting as trainers and liaisons in the area. Russian
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to support Wagner's PMCs. The jets arrived from an airbase in Russia via Syria, where they were repainted to conceal their Russian markings. The LNA denied it received new fighter jets.
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and pro-LNA Sudanese mercenaries, in coordination with a pro-LNA militia known as the Petroleum Facilities Guard, entered and secured Libya's largest oil field, the
2150:
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the deaths in one unit being due to the Russian snipers. On one day, nine GNA fighters were killed by sniper fire. In another incident at the frontline town of
1977:
1506:
792:
2224:
811:"Libya: A #LNA senior leader and 3 #Russian mercenaries killed during #airstrikes in #Sabha and #AlAziziya, sources close to the #Tripoli government report"
245:, the number of Wagner PMCs in Libya had reached 2,500. Later, he also accused the United Arab Emirates of providing some financing for the PMCs, while the
2798:
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forces in the Salah al-Din area of southern Tripoli. According to the Minister, Wagner snipers shot dead GNA fighters who had succumbed to nerve agents.
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2020:
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Jufra to Sirte. Concurrently, the LNA, supported by the PMCs, were reinforcing the Jarif valley south of Sirte with ditches and barriers.
2864:
2606:
2521:"Foreign fighters were meant to leave Libya this week. A huge trench being dug by Russian-backed mercenaries indicates they plan to stay"
1853:
1703:
1739:
1344:
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helicopter after he parachuted and landed in the desert. Towards the end of September, a helicopter transporting ammunition crashed in
150:
shells and thus artillery fire had become more precise through laser designation from ground spotters. They were also reportedly using
2409:
2166:
1840:"Libya's war | First fighter of Russian-backed Syrian mercenaries killed in Libya's battles, and number of recruits jumps to 450"
1757:
1616:
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1457:
1308:
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2584:. Institute for National Strategic Studies Strategic Perspectives, No. 25. Washington, D.C.: National Defense University Press.
1005:
2534:
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538:
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2548:
2688:
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1960:
824:
793:"Foreign mercenaries fighting alongside Haftar's forces killed in airstrikes in southern Tripoli | The Libya Observer"
1721:
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the LNA conducted live-fire exercises and the PMCs blocked their delegation from landing in Sirte, according to the GNA.
191:
At the end of October 2019, Facebook suspended accounts it said were part of a Russian disinformation campaign linked to
88:
2294:
2629:
2377:"Wagner has already crashed two Russian fighter jets in Libya, AFRICOM says – Al-Monitor: The Pulse of the Middle East"
2105:
898:
880:
2667:
2589:
2359:
607:
1359:
1045:
1027:"From Tripoli's front lines: How Haftar recovered from the setback in Gharyan and what's next for the advancing LNA"
968:
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reported the Russian Air Force had transported fighters belonging to two other Russian private military companies,
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744:
2753:
351:
118:
and Libya's largest oil field. By 3 March, most of the south, including the border areas, was under LNA control.
2376:
416:
1821:
563:"The Sun: Russia sends troops and missiles to east Libya and sets up two military bases | The Libya Observer"
134:
126:
2520:
1649:
759:
302:
36:
2452:
Libya's road to peace shadowed by tensions as GNA army refuses to negotiate under duress of mercenaries
2258:"Libyan NOC concerned over heavy mercenaries' presence inside oil facilities | The Libya Observer"
437:
114:
in the country's lawless south, capturing a number of towns in quick succession, including the city of
1924:
2326:
1272:"Russian mercenaries backing militia commander trying to capture Tripoli, Libya and US officials say"
912:
651:"Libyan National Army Advances Reclaiming Al Shararah Oilfield, 8 February 2019 - Islamic World News"
354:
1507:"Le Monde: Saudi Arabia funded Russian Wagner mercenaries' operations in support of Haftar in Libya"
2422:
UN salutes new Libya ceasefire agreement that points to 'a better, safer, and more peaceful future'
64:
40:
28:
2493:
1789:
1771:
672:
588:
930:
Journal, Raja Abdulrahim | Photographs by André Liohn for The Wall Street (1 October 2019).
417:"Undermining Democracy and Exploiting Clients: The Wagner Group's Nefarious Activities in Africa"
55:
2308:
1545:"Number of Russian mercenaries withdraw following call for Libya cease-fire, GNA commander says"
242:
347:
208:
122:
111:
99:
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died. Following these advances, Wagner's PMCs started to evacuate via Bani Walid's airport to
987:"Arrival of Russian mercenaries adds deadlier firepower, modern tactics to Libya's civil war"
196:
2394:
AFRICOM: Russian fighter jets flown by mercenaries are conducting combat activities in Libya
778:
241:, from Syria to Libya to further support the LNA. Meanwhile, according to Turkish President
2652:
2494:"Arms Sale to UAE Goes Forward Even as U.S. Probes Tie Between UAE and Russian Mercenaries"
2151:
Libyan government has had enough with Russian mercenaries, "determined" to liberate country
810:
433:
358:
323:
96:
84:
105:
The Head of the Russian contact group on intra-Libyan settlement, Lev Dengov, stated that
8:
68:
cited British intelligence officials that two Russian military bases had been set up in
943:
508:
389:
293:
230:
2178:
1631:"Interior Minister: UAE's support for Haftar is a threat to Libya's national security"
1326:
334:
coast. Towards the end of July, "foreign mercenaries" were also reported to be at the
262:. Towards the end of February, a Wagner PMC stated for the Russian information agency
2598:
2585:
1907:"Russian aircraft deploy to Libya to back private military contractors, AFRICOM says"
1562:
1511:
1046:"Russian Snipers, Missiles and Warplanes Try to Tilt Libyan War – The New York Times"
474:
373:, near Al Jufra, while en route to an oil field. Four PMCs were killed in the crash.
331:
192:
51:
862:"Senior commander in Russian Wagner Group injured in Libya, French Le Point reports"
1176:"Russians arrested as spies in Libya worked for Russian firm Wagner, official says"
306:
259:
219:
1991:"Turkish-backed forces begin battle for Sirte, launch 'Operation Path of Victory'"
1360:"Exclusive: U.S. says drone shot down by Russian air defenses near Libyan capital"
628:"Russian mercenaries back Libyan rebel leader as Moscow seeks influence in Africa"
2579:
2225:
Russian mercenaries enter Libyan oil field, as more mercenaries arrive from Syria
1526:
2106:"Three citizens killed in Sirte due to mine explosion | The Libya Observer"
2421:
2327:"Russia steps up support for private military contractor in Libya: U.N. report"
844:"Airstrike kills 'Kremlin mercenaries' backing Libyan strongman Khalifa Haftar"
415:
Faulkner, Christopher (June 2022). Cruickshank, Paul; Hummel, Kristina (eds.).
314:
298:
130:
80:
1943:"U.S. Releases More Details About MiG-29s, Su-24s It Says Were Flown To Libya"
1444:"Libyan National Army downs Turkish drone as forces push further into Tripoli"
2858:
2070:"Libyan Army about to take control of Sirte, start talks soon, officials say"
2017:"Turkish-backed forces reach city-center of Sirte after fierce battle: video"
1148:"Facebook says it suspended Russian disinformation campaign targeting Africa"
478:
186:
77:
2043:"Turkish-backed offensive in Sirte turns disastrous despite initial success"
1889:
Humiliated Russian mercenaries Wagner Group make hasty retreat from Tripoli
1722:"Exclusive: Russian hiring of Syrians to fight in Libya accelerated in May"
424:
381:
370:
327:
252:
213:
151:
115:
92:
24:
20:
1458:"Two Russian firms join Wagner Group in supplying Haftar with mercenaries"
2277:"US imposes sanctions on Russia's Wagner Group over role in Libya, Sudan"
1599:"Libyan Air Force destroys ammo, fuel trucks en route to Haftar's forces"
266:
that all of the PMCs had been withdrawn from Libya due to the ceasefire.
165:
and improvised explosive devices into the conflict, planting a number of
143:
32:
2581:
Putin's Syrian Gambit: Sharper Elbows, Bigger Footprint, Stickier Wicket
2191:
Russian Fighters Help Tighten Rebel Control of Libya's Largest Oil Field
1563:"После перемирия между ПНС и ЛНА все российские наемники покинули Ливию"
932:"Foreign Backing Brings Militias in Libya to a Stalemate—and No Further"
1839:
673:"Eastern Libya government delegation visits key southern city of Sabha"
271:
177:
166:
158:
154:
1650:"Up to 1,200 deployed in Libya by Russian military group: U.N. report"
1006:"With the Help of Russian Fighters, Libya's Haftar Could Take Tripoli"
881:"Exclusive: Russian clinic treated mercenaries injured in secret wars"
589:"Новый плацдарм: что известно о переброске российских военных в Ливию"
2518:
760:"Libya offensive stalls, but Haftar digs in given foreign sympathies"
490:"From a legal perspective, Wagner doesn't exist," says Sorcha MacLeod
170:
162:
1772:"Libyan forces aligned with Tripoli government capture key air base"
1068:"US Africa Command: Russian mercenaries planted land mines in Libya"
913:"Russia's PMC Wagner leaves a trail of personal belongings in Libya"
1213:"How a Russian plan to restore Gadhafi's regime in Libya backfired"
339:
247:
147:
69:
2344:
Russian Wagner mercenaries moving from Jufra to Sirte: Libyan Army
1876:"Hundreds more Russian mercenaries flee western Libya: GNA forces"
1854:"Russian fighters flown out of western Libya after Haftar retreat"
1581:"Libyan army forces launch full-scale attack on Haftar's militias"
1232:"Congress moves to sanction Russians for mercenary surge in Libya"
709:"Haftar Troops Advance in South Libya, Putting GNA Under Pressure"
1685:"Russian Mercenaries Are Fighting in Libya, UN Diplomats Confirm"
1162:"Facebook suspends Russia-linked accounts for meddling in Africa"
2241:
Russian Oil Grab in Libya Fuels U.S.-Kremlin Tensions in Mideast
2088:"Libyan Army: Russia mercenaries booby-trapping houses in Sirte"
1668:"Russian group's 1,200 mercenaries fighting in Libya: UN report"
1194:"Libya Uncovers Alleged Russian Plot to Meddle in African Votes"
969:"Russian Snipers, Missiles and Warplanes Try to Tilt Libyan War"
608:"Analysis: Reports on Russian troops in Libya spark controversy"
220:
Downing of Italian and US drones in Libya linked to Russian PMCs
1378:"Libya's Haftar announces 'decisive battle' to capture Tripoli"
539:"Putin Plants Troops, Weapons in Libya to Boost Strategic Hold"
73:
1740:"Libyan army intensifies strikes against Haftar-held air base"
1130:"Russian mercenaries in Libya: 'They sprayed us with bullets'"
1112:"Russian mercenaries spearhead the battle for Libya's capital"
1089:"Libya Fighting Rages Near Tripoli in Push By Hifter's Forces"
899:"Putin-Linked Mercenaries Are Fighting on Libya's Front Lines"
2535:"Foreign Fighters Refuse to Leave Libya; Threaten Peace Deal"
1392:"Breaking: Haftar-led Libyan Army launches 'final offensive'"
691:"Libya's Khalifa Haftar says NLA has taken largest oil field"
504:"In Africa, Mystery Murders Put Spotlight on Kremlin's Reach"
335:
1978:
Libya's Haftar pulls back east as Tripoli offensive crumbles
1494:
Erdogan Warns Russian Mercenaries in Libya Paid by Abu Dhabi
467:"What is the Wagner Group, Russia's mercenary organisation?"
287:
2295:"US says photos show Russian arms supplies to Libya rebels"
2179:
Libya oil company: Russian mercenaries enter major oilfield
361:
1925:"U.S. military says Russia deployed fighter jets to Libya"
1790:"Libya's Tripoli government retakes more areas of capital"
587:
Dergachev, Vladimir; Pudovkin, Yevgeniy (9 October 2018).
202:
187:
Russian disinformation campaign in Africa linked to Wagner
2549:"Libya: Russia's Wagner Group Set Landmines Near Tripoli"
2519:
Nick Paton Walsh and Sarah El Sirgany (22 January 2021).
2435:"Cease-fire done, Libyan political peace talks start: UN"
1758:"Libyan army shells posts of Haftar militia, mercenaries"
1961:"Libyan National Army denies receiving new fighter jets"
1617:"Libya accuses Russia's Wagner of using chemical weapon"
1418:"Haftar-led Libyan Army claims new advance near Tripoli"
2410:
Libya: 4 Russian mercenaries killed in helicopter crash
2167:
Road to Libya's liberation passes through Al-Jufra base
1309:"Pro-Haftar forces in Libya 'shoot down Italian drone'"
1253:"U.S. Warns Against Russia's Growing Role in Libya War"
46:
2628:
2360:
Russian Attack Jets Back Mercenaries Fighting in Libya
727:"Libya: LNA Says in Control of Southern Border Areas"
502:
Higgins, Andrew; Nechepurenko, Ivan (7 August 2018).
43:, has conducted operations in Libya since late 2018.
1345:"Libyan Officials Say US Drone Shot Down by Mistake"
745:"Spokesman: Libyan Strongman's Forces Control South"
178:
Detention and execution of civilians by Russian PMCs
39:(MoD) or Russia's military intelligence agency, the
1842:. Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 24 May 2020.
1477:"Turkish troops headed to Libya, Erdoğan announces"
501:
2208:"Libya calls for sanctions on foreign mercenaries"
626:
1949:. Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty. 27 May 2020.
1259:. 15 November 2019 – via www.bloomberg.com.
1095:. 14 December 2019 – via www.bloomberg.com.
586:
102:systems were also thought to be set up in Libya.
2856:
2469:"UAE accused of funding Russian rebels in Libya"
2135:Two casualties in Russian attack on Sirte region
1808:"Libya: GNA retakes military camps near Tripoli"
1291:"Italy confirms military drone crashed in Libya"
891:
459:
1106:
1104:
1102:
410:
408:
406:
305:(AFRICOM), Russia deployed fighter jets to the
2123:Russian aircraft active in Libya, AFRICOM says
1269:
1247:
1245:
825:"Libya: 8 mercenaries linked to Haftar killed"
625:Luhn, Alec; Nicholls, Dominic (3 March 2019).
2614:
1475:Agencies, Daily Sabah with (6 January 2020).
1327:"US military loses drone over Libyan capital"
1083:
1081:
279:year via at least 33 flights operated by the
1527:"Turkey and Russia call for Libya ceasefire"
1200:. 5 July 2019 – via www.bloomberg.com.
1099:
1061:
1059:
948:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
624:
403:
292:In late May, the GNA captured the strategic
2275:AGENCIES, DAILY SABAH WITH (16 July 2020).
1822:"Russian mercenary killed in south Tripoli"
1242:
1043:
966:
670:
599:
495:
2621:
2607:
2068:AGENCIES, DAILY SABAH WITH (9 June 2020).
1078:
1065:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
952:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1210:
1056:
1044:Kirkpatrick, David D. (5 November 2019).
967:Kirkpatrick, David D. (5 November 2019).
878:
288:GNA captures strategic Al-Watiya Air Base
121:Following the southern campaign, the LNA
2274:
2067:
1474:
414:
326:. The PMCs also secured the oil port of
50:
2268:
1904:
1679:
1677:
1647:
1446:. Al Arabiya English. 14 December 2019.
1358:Lewis, Phil Stewart (7 December 2019).
1288:
1012:
929:
605:
580:
203:Sanctions against Russian PMCs in Libya
2857:
2577:
1229:
1003:
872:
671:Al-Warfalli, Ayman (28 January 2019).
23:, also known as PMC Wagner, a Russian
2602:
1905:Correll, Diana Stancy (26 May 2020).
1701:
1357:
758:Irish, Ulf Laessing (15 April 2019).
757:
639:from the original on 11 January 2022.
62:In October 2018, the British tabloid
16:Russian paramilitary group operations
2461:
1674:
1004:Wehrey, Frederic (5 December 2019).
533:
531:
380:In December 2020, the United States
47:Introduction to the Libyan Civil War
1551:. Anadolou Agency. 11 January 2020.
879:Tsvetkova, Maria (7 January 2020).
13:
2865:Wagner Group activities by country
2630:Mercenaries from ex-USSR in Africa
1420:. 13 December 2019. Archived from
1270:Maggie Michael (5 December 2019).
1211:Al-Atrush, Samer (21 March 2020).
841:
776:
606:Suchkov, Maxim (12 October 2018).
76:, in eastern Libya, in support of
14:
2881:
1704:"It's Syrian vs. Syrian in Libya"
1289:Kington, Tom (20 November 2019).
1230:Detsch, Jack (18 November 2019).
528:
447:from the original on 19 July 2022
27:organization also described as a
2820:Mercenaries in Africa after 1960
2541:
2527:
2512:
2486:
2445:
2427:
2415:
2403:
2387:
2369:
2353:
2337:
2319:
2301:
2287:
1648:Nichols, Michelle (6 May 2020).
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2128:
2116:
2098:
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2009:
1983:
1971:
1953:
1947:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
1935:
1917:
1898:
1882:
1868:
1846:
1832:
1814:
1800:
1782:
1764:
1750:
1746:. Anadolou Agency. 13 May 2020.
1732:
1714:
1695:
1660:
1641:
1623:
1609:
1591:
1573:
1555:
1537:
1519:
1499:
1487:
1468:
1450:
1436:
1410:
1384:
1370:
1351:
1337:
1319:
1301:
1282:
1263:
1223:
1204:
1186:
1168:
1154:
1140:
1122:
1037:
997:
979:
960:
923:
905:
854:
835:
817:
803:
785:
770:
751:
737:
719:
701:
683:
664:
336:Ras Lanuf petrochemical complex
643:
618:
555:
255:was also financing the group.
1:
1860:. 25 May 2020. Archived from
1150:. France 24. 30 October 2019.
396:
35:, and a de facto unit of the
2870:Libyan Crisis (2011–present)
2333:. Reuters. 2 September 2020.
1702:Vohra, Anchal (5 May 2020).
1496:, Bloomberg, 28 January 2020
303:United States Africa Command
212:missions in refurbished LNA
7:
1066:Samy Magdy (15 July 2020).
342:oil port and Zallah field.
56:Military situation in Libya
37:Russian Ministry of Defence
10:
2886:
2727:Belarusians in Ivory Coast
2571:
1878:. Al Jazeera. 25 May 2020.
1315:. Malta. 21 November 2019.
512:. New York. Archived from
438:Combating Terrorism Center
174:as their morale suffered.
2812:
2771:
2744:
2684:Nationalities and country
2683:
2657:Helicopter squadron of EO
2636:
350:missile launch vehicles,
2758:Crash in DR Congo (2017)
2578:Parker, John W. (2017).
1116:South China Morning Post
747:. Voice of America news.
89:that country's civil war
29:private military company
2245:The Wall Street Journal
2195:The Wall Street Journal
1728:. Reuters. 7 June 2020.
936:The Wall Street Journal
842:Moscow, Marc Bennetts.
777:TV (9 September 2019).
183:survive the execution.
2837:Belarusian specialists
2754:Bouake incident (2004)
209:United States Congress
59:
2723:Ukrainians in Eritrea
207:In mid-November, the
197:Saif al-Islam Gaddafi
123:launched an offensive
54:
2731:Belarusians in Libya
2719:Russians in Ethiopia
2642:Aviation specialists
2400:, 11 September 2020.
2383:. 11 September 2020.
2366:, 11 September 2020.
919:. 26 September 2019.
813:. 24 September 2019.
434:West Point, New York
324:El Sharara oil field
243:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
157:in contravention of
85:Libyan National Army
31:(PMC), a network of
2264:. 23 November 2023.
2092:Middle East Monitor
1828:. 26 December 2022.
1569:. 25 February 2020.
1515:. January 26, 2020.
1424:on 14 December 2019
1333:. 23 November 2019.
1278:. Associated Press.
1180:The Washington Post
1118:. 22 December 2019.
1074:. Associated Press.
991:The Washington Post
633:The Daily Telegraph
251:newspaper reported
135:Alexander Kuznetsov
2825:Soviet specialists
2799:Vyacheslav Kachura
2750:Air battles (1999)
2553:Human Rights Watch
2412:, Anadolou Agency.
2364:The New York Times
2169:, Anadolou Agency.
1826:The Libya Observer
1760:. Anadolou Agency.
1637:. 5 November 2023.
1635:The Libya Observer
1619:. Anadolou Agency.
1605:. 28 October 2023.
1603:The Libya Observer
1587:. 28 October 2023.
1585:The Libya Observer
1462:The Libya Observer
1050:The New York Times
973:The New York Times
866:The Libya Observer
697:. 7 February 2019.
516:on 31 January 2020
509:The New York Times
390:Human Rights Watch
294:Al-Watiya Air Base
231:The Libya Observer
60:
2852:
2851:
2500:. 2 December 2020
2424:, United Nations.
1864:on June 11, 2020.
1533:. 8 January 2020.
1512:Libya Al Ahrar TV
216:fighter-bombers.
193:Yevgeny Prigozhin
138:one of the PMCs.
129:-held capital of
2877:
2845:
2833:
2807:
2796:
2785:
2766:
2739:
2716:
2701:
2665:
2650:
2623:
2616:
2609:
2600:
2599:
2595:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2516:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2490:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2473:The Sunday Times
2465:
2459:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2431:
2425:
2419:
2413:
2407:
2401:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2373:
2367:
2357:
2351:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2291:
2285:
2284:
2272:
2266:
2265:
2262:libyaobserver.ly
2254:
2248:
2238:
2232:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2204:
2198:
2188:
2182:
2176:
2170:
2164:
2158:
2148:
2142:
2132:
2126:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2112:. 29 April 2023.
2110:libyaobserver.ly
2102:
2096:
2095:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2045:. Archived from
2039:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2019:. Archived from
2013:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2002:
1993:. Archived from
1987:
1981:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1902:
1896:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1850:
1844:
1843:
1836:
1830:
1829:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1689:The Moscow Times
1681:
1672:
1671:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1503:
1497:
1491:
1485:
1484:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1394:. Archived from
1388:
1382:
1381:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1249:
1240:
1239:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1108:
1097:
1096:
1085:
1076:
1075:
1063:
1054:
1053:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1023:
1010:
1009:
1001:
995:
994:
983:
977:
976:
964:
958:
957:
947:
939:
927:
921:
920:
917:The Defense Post
909:
903:
902:
895:
889:
888:
876:
870:
869:
858:
852:
851:
839:
833:
832:
821:
815:
814:
807:
801:
800:
789:
783:
782:
774:
768:
767:
755:
749:
748:
741:
735:
734:
723:
717:
716:
705:
699:
698:
687:
681:
680:
668:
662:
661:
659:
658:
647:
641:
640:
630:
622:
616:
615:
603:
597:
596:
584:
578:
577:
575:
574:
567:libyaobserver.ly
559:
553:
552:
550:
549:
535:
526:
525:
523:
521:
499:
493:
492:
487:
485:
463:
457:
456:
454:
452:
446:
421:
412:
388:On 31 May 2022,
307:Al Jufra Airbase
260:Al Jufra Airbase
58:in November 2018
2885:
2884:
2880:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2855:
2854:
2853:
2848:
2839:
2827:
2808:
2801:
2790:
2779:
2767:
2760:
2740:
2733:
2710:
2695:
2679:
2659:
2644:
2632:
2627:
2592:
2574:
2569:
2568:
2558:
2556:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2537:. 3 March 2021.
2533:
2532:
2528:
2517:
2513:
2503:
2501:
2492:
2491:
2487:
2477:
2475:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2450:
2446:
2433:
2432:
2428:
2420:
2416:
2408:
2404:
2392:
2388:
2375:
2374:
2370:
2358:
2354:
2342:
2338:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2313:www.defense.gov
2309:"Wagner Trucks"
2307:
2306:
2302:
2293:
2292:
2288:
2273:
2269:
2256:
2255:
2251:
2239:
2235:
2223:
2219:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2189:
2185:
2177:
2173:
2165:
2161:
2149:
2145:
2139:Libya Observers
2133:
2129:
2121:
2117:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2094:. 15 June 2020.
2086:
2085:
2081:
2066:
2062:
2052:
2050:
2049:on 17 June 2020
2041:
2040:
2036:
2026:
2024:
2023:on 20 June 2020
2015:
2014:
2010:
2000:
1998:
1997:on 15 June 2020
1989:
1988:
1984:
1976:
1972:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1903:
1899:
1887:
1883:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1852:
1851:
1847:
1838:
1837:
1833:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1700:
1696:
1683:
1682:
1675:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1646:
1642:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1597:
1596:
1592:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1492:
1488:
1473:
1469:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1427:
1425:
1416:
1415:
1411:
1401:
1399:
1398:on 8 April 2020
1390:
1389:
1385:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1356:
1352:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1287:
1283:
1268:
1264:
1251:
1250:
1243:
1228:
1224:
1217:The Japan Times
1209:
1205:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1134:Middle East Eye
1128:
1127:
1123:
1110:
1109:
1100:
1087:
1086:
1079:
1064:
1057:
1042:
1038:
1025:
1024:
1013:
1002:
998:
985:
984:
980:
965:
961:
941:
940:
928:
924:
911:
910:
906:
897:
896:
892:
877:
873:
860:
859:
855:
840:
836:
823:
822:
818:
809:
808:
804:
791:
790:
786:
775:
771:
756:
752:
743:
742:
738:
731:Asharq Al-Awsat
725:
724:
720:
713:Asharq Al-Awsat
707:
706:
702:
689:
688:
684:
669:
665:
656:
654:
649:
648:
644:
623:
619:
604:
600:
585:
581:
572:
570:
561:
560:
556:
547:
545:
537:
536:
529:
519:
517:
500:
496:
483:
481:
465:
464:
460:
450:
448:
444:
419:
413:
404:
399:
290:
222:
205:
189:
180:
93:Kalibr missiles
49:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2883:
2873:
2872:
2867:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2846:
2834:
2822:
2816:
2814:
2810:
2809:
2775:
2773:
2769:
2768:
2748:
2746:
2742:
2741:
2687:
2685:
2681:
2680:
2640:
2638:
2634:
2633:
2626:
2625:
2618:
2611:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2590:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2540:
2526:
2511:
2485:
2460:
2444:
2426:
2414:
2402:
2398:Military Times
2386:
2381:al-monitor.com
2368:
2352:
2336:
2318:
2300:
2297:. Yahoo! News.
2286:
2267:
2249:
2233:
2217:
2199:
2183:
2171:
2159:
2143:
2127:
2115:
2097:
2079:
2060:
2034:
2008:
1982:
1970:
1967:. 28 May 2020.
1952:
1934:
1931:. 26 May 2020.
1916:
1911:Military Times
1897:
1881:
1867:
1845:
1831:
1813:
1810:. 23 May 2020.
1799:
1796:. 22 May 2020.
1781:
1778:. 18 May 2020.
1763:
1749:
1731:
1713:
1708:Foreign Policy
1694:
1673:
1659:
1640:
1622:
1608:
1590:
1572:
1554:
1536:
1518:
1498:
1486:
1467:
1449:
1435:
1409:
1383:
1369:
1350:
1336:
1318:
1300:
1281:
1276:Military Times
1262:
1241:
1222:
1203:
1185:
1167:
1153:
1139:
1121:
1098:
1077:
1072:Military Times
1055:
1036:
1011:
996:
978:
959:
922:
904:
890:
871:
853:
834:
816:
802:
797:Libya Observer
784:
769:
750:
736:
718:
700:
682:
663:
642:
617:
598:
579:
569:. 8 April 2023
554:
527:
494:
458:
401:
400:
398:
395:
289:
286:
221:
218:
204:
201:
188:
185:
179:
176:
112:large advances
83:who leads the
81:Khalifa Haftar
48:
45:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2882:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2843:
2838:
2835:
2831:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2811:
2805:
2800:
2794:
2789:
2783:
2778:
2777:Yakim Yanakov
2774:
2770:
2764:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2737:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2714:
2709:
2705:
2699:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2663:
2658:
2654:
2648:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2624:
2619:
2617:
2612:
2610:
2605:
2604:
2601:
2593:
2591:9780160939983
2587:
2583:
2582:
2576:
2575:
2555:. 31 May 2022
2554:
2550:
2544:
2536:
2530:
2522:
2515:
2499:
2498:The Intercept
2495:
2489:
2474:
2470:
2464:
2457:
2453:
2448:
2440:
2436:
2430:
2423:
2418:
2411:
2406:
2399:
2395:
2390:
2382:
2378:
2372:
2365:
2361:
2356:
2349:
2345:
2340:
2332:
2328:
2322:
2314:
2310:
2304:
2296:
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2282:
2278:
2271:
2263:
2259:
2253:
2246:
2242:
2237:
2230:
2226:
2221:
2213:
2209:
2203:
2196:
2192:
2187:
2180:
2175:
2168:
2163:
2156:
2152:
2147:
2140:
2136:
2131:
2124:
2119:
2111:
2107:
2101:
2093:
2089:
2083:
2075:
2071:
2064:
2048:
2044:
2038:
2022:
2018:
2012:
1996:
1992:
1986:
1979:
1974:
1966:
1962:
1956:
1948:
1944:
1938:
1930:
1926:
1920:
1912:
1908:
1901:
1894:
1890:
1885:
1877:
1871:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1849:
1841:
1835:
1827:
1823:
1817:
1809:
1803:
1795:
1791:
1785:
1777:
1773:
1767:
1759:
1753:
1745:
1741:
1735:
1727:
1723:
1717:
1709:
1705:
1698:
1691:. 7 May 2020.
1690:
1686:
1680:
1678:
1670:. Al Jazeera.
1669:
1663:
1655:
1651:
1644:
1636:
1632:
1626:
1618:
1612:
1604:
1600:
1594:
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1540:
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1528:
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1514:
1513:
1508:
1502:
1495:
1490:
1482:
1478:
1471:
1463:
1459:
1453:
1445:
1439:
1423:
1419:
1413:
1397:
1393:
1387:
1380:. Al Jazeera.
1379:
1373:
1365:
1361:
1354:
1346:
1340:
1332:
1328:
1322:
1314:
1310:
1304:
1296:
1292:
1285:
1277:
1273:
1266:
1258:
1254:
1248:
1246:
1237:
1233:
1226:
1218:
1214:
1207:
1199:
1195:
1189:
1181:
1177:
1171:
1164:. Al Jazeera.
1163:
1157:
1149:
1143:
1135:
1131:
1125:
1117:
1113:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1094:
1090:
1084:
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1073:
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1060:
1051:
1047:
1040:
1032:
1028:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1007:
1000:
992:
988:
982:
974:
970:
963:
955:
951:
945:
937:
933:
926:
918:
914:
908:
900:
894:
886:
882:
875:
867:
863:
857:
849:
845:
838:
830:
829:www.aa.com.tr
826:
820:
812:
806:
798:
794:
788:
780:
773:
765:
761:
754:
746:
740:
732:
728:
722:
714:
710:
704:
696:
692:
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