1017:
situation had not changed when the Duke of Opole arrived in April 1312. Historians debate whether Bolko I came to Kraków for his own purposes, or rather as a governor on behalf of the new Czech king, John of
Bohemia, who was also using the title of King of Poland. However, John could not support this militant rebellion as a result of the problems he faced in Moravia with his own rebels. In any case, attempts to capture Wawel Castle failed, and strengthened by Hungarian support, Władysław the Short mastered the rebellion in Sandomierz and forced Bolko I of Opole to leave Kraków in June 1312. Upon returning to Opole, Bolko kidnapped mayor Albert and for unknown reasons had him imprisoned (perhaps to recover by ransom the costs incurred in connection with the trip to Kraków). After ending the rebellion, Władysław proceeded to punish the rebels. The penalties were severe; some councilors were hanged and their property confiscated, and the city of Kraków itself lost some of its privileges (e.g., hereditary headmen). Soon after the rebellion Latin was introduced to the books of the city rather than German.
1360:
Przemysl II of
Greater Poland, Wenceslaus II, Wenceslaus III, and Henry III of Głogow, Władysław might have forever remained the prince of tiny Brześć-Kuyavia. But if not for the persistent and consistent actions of Władysław the Short, Poland could have become part of the Luxembourg monarchy or could have been permanently divided. It was during his reign that Poland seriously clashed for the first time with the Teutonic Order and established a surprising alliance with Lithuania that would ultimately last for centuries. With the coronation at Wawel, the King established a precedent and solidified the position of the Polish kingdom. Władysław also endeavored to establish a uniform legal code throughout the land. In this code he assured the safety and freedom of Jews and placed them on an equal footing with Christians. Finally, as he initiated the unification of the country he also began to organize a nationwide administration structure and treasury. This action was successfully continued by his son and successor, Casimir III the Great.
985:, successfully drove the Brandenburgs from Gdańsk and then moved on to Tczew. However, the Prussian Grand Master did not listen to Prince Casimir, Władysław's governor residing in Tczew, and without a struggle took the city. Then the Knights took Nowe and in 1308 completed the campaign. Only Świecie remained in the hands of Władysław the Short. In April 1309 in Kuyavia there was a meeting between Władysław the Short and the Prussian Grand Master about the seizure of Pomerelia at which the Teutonic Order issued to the Prince an absurd bill for the relief of Gdańsk, and then offered to purchase the territory. Both proposals were rejected by Wladyslaw. Consequently, in July 1309, the Teutonic Knights began the siege of Świecie. The garrison surrendered the city only in September. In order to legitimize their conduct, the Knights purchased in September a questionable right to the district from Brandenburg. The annexation of Pomerelia enabled the Grand Master to finally transfer their capital from
587:
1151:
1326. He informed the
Teutonic Knights about the participation of pagan armies in the expedition. He could, at least temporarily, count on their neutrality, since their truce was in force until the end of 1326. Approaching Brandenburg did not yield significant results, apart from some destruction, prisoners, and recovery of the castellany of Miedzyrzecz. This did not improve Władysław's popularity in Germany, as it was perceived that the Polish king, together with heathens, initiated war with the Christian world. The papacy kept silent and did not support the Polish king, but it did not condemn him. The war with Brandenburg also alarmed the Silesian princes. In the same year, Władysław the Short regained the land of Wieluń from Bolesław the Elder, the Duke of Niemodlin.
295:
1050:
sons of Henry III of Głogow. These events surprised the dukes such that they could not effectively stop the rebellion, and their troops sent under the command of Janusz
Biberstein suffered defeat. Seeking an independent political position, the local knighthood also gained Poznań, which was defended by the mayor Przemek and the townspeople. The knights of Greater Poland, knowing about Władysław's suppression of the rebellion of mayor Albert in Kraków, discerned that he was a defender of their economic and political interests. The result was the transfer of power to Władysław, who entered Poznań in August 1314. After the events in Poznań he began to designate himself as the prince of the Polish Kingdom.
1644:
1113:
the
Luxembourg claims (despite their tenuous legal basis) referred to Greater Poland, the "kingdom" of Przemysł II. As such, Kraków was chosen for the coronation instead of Gniezno, in that a coronation in Kraków would not violate the rights of John of Bohemia. On 20 January 1320 in the Wawel Cathedral, Janisław, the Archbishop of Gniezno (succeeding Borzysław), crowned Władysław as King of Poland. Placing the rite of Polish coronation in Kraków, however, caused John to question its legality. In light of John of Bohemia's use of the title King of Poland, in the international arena Władysław the Short was considered the King of Kraków, and not of the whole country.
1617:
31:
1005:, the bishop of Kraków and a former follower of Wenceslaus II. Muskata began to sow discord against Władysław soon after he gained the throne of Kraków by trying to establish contacts with his enemies Bolko I of Opole and Henry III of Głogów. To help the Prince of Kraków came the venerable archbishop of Gniezno, Jakub Swinka. On 14 June 1308, Swinka deprived Muskata of his bishopric for abuse of power. Using judgment, Władysław imprisoned the bishop for only half a year, and then forced him to leave the boundaries of the principality. Muskata did not return to Kraków until 1317.
1632:
1587:
1553:
1737:
956:
1710:(en: Władysław the Elbow-high against the background of his time), Wrocław: Ossolineum, 1951, p. 171) indicates that Władysław Łokietek began to be an heir to the Polish kingdom already in 1313, among others in a document from 10 November, which announced that the parish church in Brześć was being given to the Star Brethren and the hospital house of the Holy Ghost, and which was meant to be an igniter of military operations after a 5-year break in pursuing his pretensions to power in the whole of Greater Poland.
1571:
1451:
1602:
613:, Władysław could not make it permanent. Soon Kraków was acquired by Henry IV Probus, and Władysław had to escape the city with the help of the Franciscans. In the second half of 1289 the Kujavian prince managed to consolidate his rule in the Duchy of Sandomierz. This resulted in a division of Lesser Poland back into the two distinct principalities (Kraków and Sandomierz), as they had been ruled by the same duke since Bolesław V the Chaste became High Duke in 1243.
641:, drove Władysław the Short first from Sandomierz, and in September of that same year surrounded him in a fortified Sieradz. The siege was soon successful, and Władysław and his brother Casimir II found themselves in captivity. On 9 October 1292 an agreement was signed under which Władysław and Casimir II were forced to renounce claims to Lesser Poland and to make fealty to the Czech ruler, in return for which they remained on their Kuyavian leases.
2183:
1296:. Three days later, in the morning, Polish troops numbering about 5,000 and led personally by King Władysław and his son Prince Casimir encountered the rear guard of the Teutonic Knights near Radziejów. Taking advantage of the surprise, the Poles defeated the enemy unit and took Dietrich von Altenburg, the commander of the expedition, as prisoner. In the afternoon, however, there was another clash near the village of
1163:. The expedition, despite the acquisition and burning of Płock, ended in failure, mainly because the Teutonic Order joined the war on the side of Wenceslaus, and soon after John of Bohemia, king of Bohemia, did likewise. Larger clashes with the opponents did not occur, but the King of Bohemia, taking advantage of military activity in Silesia, received a tribute from the princes of Upper Silesia in
617:
and may have been the result of a settlement between the princes. It is possible, however, that these relations could have been cool, and perhaps even hostile. Przemysł II mastered Wawel Castle without problems, but from the beginning he faced considerable internal opposition from within the principality of Kraków – some of whom supported Władysław the Short, while others supported
740:. = It was suspected, though denied by some historians, that Bishop Zaremba placed a curse of the church on Władysław. In addition, Archbishop Jakub Swinka, seeing that the Duke of Kuyavia was having problems with proper governance, began distancing himself from his earlier protege. In 1298, a meeting between the opposition from Greater Poland and Henry III of Głogow occurred in
1120:, and then in Brześć Kujavia, he began deliberations with the papal court to judge the case of the annexation of Gdańsk Pomerania by the Teutonic Knights. After hearing twenty-five witnesses for the Polish side, the judges released a decision favorable to the King on 9 February 1321. According to that decision, the Teutonic Order had to return Pomerania to Poland, pay 30,000
562:. In this contest, Władysław decided to support the former. Henry IV Probus, using the support of the powerful German patricians, mastered the capital city at the end of 1288. Bolesław II did not give up, however, and aided by support from Władysław, Władysław's brother Casimir II Łęczycki, and perhaps troops from Przemysł II, he attacked branches of the Probus coalition—
1311:. However, this time it was not possible for Władysław to reach an agreement with the Teutonic Knights. In 1332, the Knights organized a big military expedition under the command of Otto von Luteberg. This time the Polish forces were too thin to face the resistance of the Knights in the open field. On 20 April, after a nearly two-week siege,
815:. Success for the indomitable prince would have been short-lived, if not for several favorable circumstances. On 21 June 1305, Wenceslaus II, the Czech and Polish king, died unexpectedly and his inheritance passed to his only son, Wenceslaus III. Władysław took advantage of the situation perfectly, mastering the duchies of Sandomierz,
657:; for his part the archbishop was promised the revenues from the salt mines after Lesser Poland was won. The secret agreement, signed 6 January 1293, committed the three princes (the arrangement was also attended by Casimir II of Łęczyca) to mutual support in the effort to recover Kraków. At that time they probably developed a
430:
in Europe during the Middle Ages. In the past, some historians hypothesized that the nickname Łokietek had nothing to do with the physical appearance of prince Władysław, but contemptuously described the actual size and political importance of his hereditary domain among the other principalities ruled by the members of the
2069:(en: Diplomatic Code of Greater Poland), vol. II, no. 692. The documents bear the date of 6 January. The secrecy of this arrangement is demonstrated by the use of the term "heirs of Kraków" by the princes. For the sake of Wenceslaus II, explicitly using this title would threaten war, see Aleksander Swieżawski,
883:). Pomerelia, however, became subordinate to the rule of Władysław the Short as a result of an expedition at the end of 1306, accepting tribute from representatives of Pomeranian society in Byszewo. Control over this remote area had to be transferred to governors. Władysław no longer trusted the Pomeranian
434:, at least as compared to Łokietek's exaggerated ambitions. If this hypothesis is correct, Władysław Łokietek should be rather translated into English as Władysław the Petty. Jan Długosz may have easily misinterpreted the nickname, being chronologically remote to the political context of Łokietek's era.
1434:. Both numerals are retrospective assignments by later historians. "IV" comes from him being the fourth of that name to rule as overlord of the Polish, since Władysław I Herman. "I" comes from him having restored the monarchy after a fragmented era of a century or more, and also backwards-counting from
2023:(en: Przemysł II, Polish King), Warsaw 2006, p. 135, takes an indirect position by assuming that an agreement between Przemysł II and Łokietek could not have taken place, because throughout the reign of Przemysł II in Kraków, the latter had consistently been called the prince of Kraków and Sandomierz.
1112:
Consent was given by Pope John XXII on 20 August 1319, though not directly due to the opposition of King John of
Bohemia, who also claimed the crown of Poland. The Pope was looking for a way to preserve the rights of Władysław and Poland without infringing on those of John and Bohemia, and found that
843:
on the
Bohemian throne resulted in a rally of knights in Kraków, which led to an official invitation to Władysław the Short to take power. There was a festive entrance to the capital of Lesser Poland on 1 September 1306, and this has been linked with the issuance of privilege for the city and for the
699:
For wealthy
Greater Poland, it became evident that the throne of Przemysł II deserved his closest ally, Prince Władysław of Kuyavia. The fact that Władysław the Short was known to dislike the Germans was not irrelevant, as they were generally regarded as the perpetrators of the murder of Przemsył II.
616:
On 23 June 1290, Henry IV Probus died, and
Przemysł II, Duke of Greater Poland, assumed the throne of Kraków. It is not known exactly how the relationship was between Przemysł II and Władysław I Łokietek, although it is very likely that they were friendly, as the division took place without bloodshed
429:
reached the interior of the king's tomb and found that the body was laid at the bottom of the burial chamber without a coffin. Subsequently, they were able to determine that Władysław I was 152-155 cm (5'0″-5'1″) tall, which meant that the king's height was just below that of an average person living
370:
as a fiefdom. To prevent his four sons from quarreling, Bolesław granted one province to each of them, while the
Seniorate Province was to be given to the eldest brother on the grounds of primogeniture. This decision was meant to forestall dynastic feuds and prevent the disintegration of the kingdom.
1696:
The legal grounds for the reign of the Bohemian Przemyślid dynasty were very weak, and were based on the claims of Leszek II the Black's widow Gryfina, which was not accepted by the Polish princes. But Wenceslaus II was supported by a solid military force, and so the Duke of Greater Poland preferred
1359:
Władysław the Short persistently pursued the goal of his life, to unite Poland. He was not, however, entirely successful, and his achievements did not come easily. Furthermore, if not for the unexpected deaths of his many stronger opponents: Leszek the Black, Henry IV Probus, Casimir II of Łęczycka,
1206:
In 1329 there was a resumption of warfare. John of Bohemia, with the help of the Teutonic Knights, took Dobrzyn, which he soon gave to his allies. Another loss was John's successful coercion of Wenceslas of Plock to pay homage to him. And so the Duke of Plock refused to accept the sovereignty of the
1150:
In 1323, the Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV gave his son Louis V the March of Brandenburg. Pope John XXII therefore summoned his supporters to not allow the assumption of the Ascanian inheritance by the Bavarian House of Wittelsbach. With Lithuanian support, Władysław invaded Brandenburg on 10 February
1124:
in compensation for the collection of income from Pomerania, and pay for the cost of the process. The Teutonic Knights did not expect that such a judgment would be surrendered and filed an appeal. Under the influence of the actions of the procurator of the Teutonic Order in the Papal Curia, the Pope
675:
One year later (1294), it was already necessary to revise the plans approved in Kalisz, as Casimir II was killed while fighting against the Lithuanians. As a result, Łęczyca was added to the lands of Władysław the Short. On 26 June 1295, Przemysł II was crowned as the Polish king with the permission
546:
On 30 September 1288, Leszek II the Black, Duke of Kraków and Sieradz, died without issue, thus transferring power in the principality of Sieradz to his eldest half-brother, Władysław I Łokietek (his full brother Ziemomysł had already died in 1287). While Władysław now ruled over Brześć Kujawski and
512:
in 1279, Władysław, along with his younger brothers, recognized Leszek's sovereignty. This resulted in, among other things, the adoption of a coat of arms by all of the sons of Casimir I Kujawski: half-lion, half-eagle, and afterwards Władysław always served as an ally to his older half-brother. In
1142:
Three years later, the Polish-Hungarian alliance proved itself in Rus' Galicia. The last two princes descended from the dynasty of Rurik, Andrew of Galicia and Lev II of Galicia, were killed in battle. The allies decided to help the closest relative of the late princes—Bolesław George, the son of
1049:
received Gniezno and Kalisz, which they divided respectively one year later. This division formed a new territorial organization based on the cities, instead of the previous castellan division. This threatened the local elite, and so in 1314 the nobility and knights raised a rebellion against the
919:
Meanwhile, Gerward, the bishop of Kuyavia (Włocławek), appeared against the Peter Swienca family and demanded that they return episcopal income stolen from him when Peter was governor for the Czech Kingdom. Peter lost the arbitration process, which ordered him to return to the Bishop the enormous
684:
When Przemysł II was still alive Władysław I Łokietek married Jadwiga, daughter of Bolesław the Pious. There are three main theories among historians as to when the wedding took place. The most historic assumes that the marriage took place during the life of Jadwiga's father, and so no later than
1133:
Władysław's kingdom was now surrounded by three hostile forces: Brandenburg, the Teutonic Order, and the Luxembourg Kingdom of Bohemia. Looking for allies during the great European conflict between Pope John XXII and Ludwig Wittelsbach (Louis of Bavaria), Władysław the Short sided with the papal
731:
The division of Greater Poland that was agreed upon in Krzywiń did not address all of the contentious issues, especially in light of the fact that male heirs of Władysław the Short soon came into the world. The governments of Władysław I Łokietek in his part of Greater Poland were not successful
537:
monastic buildings. After this event Władysław again appeared in Mazovia, where he supported Bolesław II in combat with Konrad II, probably on behalf of Leszek II the Black. In retaliation for this action, Konrad II once again let the Lithuanian army pass through his land, which in 1287 besieged
1016:
was Albert, the mayor of Kraków, who called to the city Duke Bolko I of Opole. The rebels managed to control Kraków and gain the support of several other cities in Lesser Poland, but Wawel was saved by troops loyal to Władysław, which made the chances of a successful rebellion questionable. The
632:
Przemysł II finally gave up power over Kraków in mid-January of the following year (1291), and the principality then accepted the Czech monarch Wenceslaus II as their sovereign. Władysław decided to fight for Lesser Poland with the help of Hungarian troops granted to him by Andrew III. In 1292
1367:
the gigantic sum of 1.2 million Prague groschen to cede his rights to the Polish crown, or to speak with the biggest European rulers as equals, or develop an economically unified state. As in the case of Mieszko I and Boleslaw the Brave, the father lies in the shadow of his son and successor.
1092:
Around that time, Wladyslaw the Short also began efforts to obtain papal consent for a royal coronation. This plan was actively supported by the Polish church, led by Borzysław, the archbishop of Gniezno (the successor of Jakub Swinka who died in 1314), and Gerward, the bishop of Kuyavia
2317:
Jasinski, K., 2001. pp. 121–122. Possible date of the funeral was deduced from an incorrect date for Władysław's death as recorded in the Chronicle of Jan of Czarnków. The funeral probably took place in March, and certainly before the coronation of his son, Casimir, on April 25,
952:. In August 1307, Waldemar attacked Pomerelia. Resistance to the invaders on behalf of the Władysław the Short came from Bogusz, a Pomerelian judge who entrenched himself in the city of Gdańsk. It soon became clear, however, that his forces could not cope with the aggressors.
1012:, the new king of Bohemia. The reason for this state of affairs was the excessive (in their opinion) tax burden caused by the policy of unification of the Polish lands and the economic crisis associated with the loss of Pomerelia. At the head of the
497:, Duke of Mazovia, through whose land the Lithuanian invasion passed. Two years later, in 1279, Władysław I Łokietek was considered to be one of the contenders to succeed in Lesser Poland after the death of Bolesław V the Chaste, according to the
1277:. The main expedition was organized in September 1331. While the Knights went to meet at Kalisz as agreed, upon arrival there were no Czech troops present. John of Bohemia had stopped in Silesia, where he effectively stopped the resistance of
1207:
Polish monarch, and instead was dominated by a stranger. The Teutonic Knights, taking advantage of the fact that Kuyavia was not prepared for war, crossed the Vistula and burned and destroyed the bishoprics of Wloclawek, Raciąż, and Przedecz.
621:– and by mid-September 1290 Przemysł II left Kraków to return to Greater Poland. Meanwhile, in order to further increase his contemporary significance, Władysław gave his niece Fenenna (daughter of his half-brother Ziemomysł) in marriage to
685:
1279. The second theory, which now has the most supporters, is that the wedding took place between 1290 and 1293, possibly at the conclusion of the meeting in Kalisz in January 1293, and that in 1279 there was perhaps only an engagement (
676:
of the Pope. Władysław's response to this development is unknown. Unfortunately, the new king enjoyed his coronation for only seven months, as on 8 February 1296 Przemysł II was murdered, perhaps incited by the Margraves of Brandenburg.
1350:
to the west, along with Gdańsk Pomerania, Western Pomerania, and Mazovia to the north, still remained outside the kingdom's borders. Nevertheless, Władysław's reign was a major step on the road to restoration of the Kingdom of Poland.
1146:
The Lithuanian Duke Gediminas became another ally of the King Wladyslaw in 1325. This alliance was supported by the marriage between Gediminas's daughter Aldona (who adopted the baptismal name of Anna) and Władysław's son Casimir.
1143:
Trojden, Duke of Mazovia—in mastering the local throne. This effort led to increased Polish influence in Russia, which enabled the eventual takeover of the region by Wladyslaw's son and successor, Casimir III the Great.
371:
However, it proved inadequate, and began nearly two centuries of what it had sought to counteract: constant fighting and disorder. Władysław I succeeded in re-uniting most of these lands back into the kingdom of Poland.
493:, who, after the abduction of prisoners and seizure of loot, freely returned home. This was a result of being the proteges of Bolesław V the Chaste, who at this time was in the opposite political camp (proczeskim) from
827:
by the end of the year. The declining Czech government tried to support Wenceslaus III by organizing an expedition against Władysław. Again luck favored Władysław, as on 4 August 1306, Wenceslaus III was murdered in
421:" (a medieval unit of measure similar to a cubit, as in "elbow-high"). However, the origin and the intended meaning of the nickname are not certain. The earliest explanation appeared in a 15th-century chronicle by
1887:(en: Study of the divided kingdom. Prince Leszek the Black), Warsaw, 2000, p.295. With the fact that, while the older brothers immediately adopted the new coat-of-arms, Władysław began using it only in 1288.
1254:, the king agreed to a seven-month truce on 18 October 1330. Unfortunately, during this trip the alliance with the Duke of Lithuania was compromised as a result of a personal quarrel between Władysław and
1029:—who had claimed to be the successor of King Przemysł II and was the main competitor of Władysław the Short for the duchy of Greater Poland—died, leaving his district to be divided between his five sons.
1492:
Stefan (born between 1296 and 1300; died 1306) – probably honoring Stefan V, uncle of Jadwiga, or possibly St. Stephen; nevertheless, this name indicates a Hungarian influence. He was buried in the
764:. Władysław, however, did not keep the terms and conditions made in Klęka, and in July 1299 Wenceslaus II organized a military expedition that resulted in the Kujavian prince fleeing the country.
2019:
This derives from Pietras, T., 2001, p. 38, who claims that after the death of Henryk Probus "the struggle for Kraków between Przemysl II and Władysław Łokietek flared up". Swieżawski, A., in
1300:. The battle was not settled because of the withdrawal of some Polish troops with Prince Casimir, and in the confusion the Teutonic commander escaped from captivity. Though inconclusive, the
1008:
In 1311, Władysław the Short survived another crisis of his reign. This time the threat came from within Kraków, where the local German nobility said that they now supported and would obey
668:
to guarantee mutual inheritance in the event of the recovery of Kraków. The occasion of this congress may have also marked the marriage of Władysław the Short with Jadwiga, the daughter of
744:
to conclude an agreement under which, in return for renewed offices for the opposition in a future reunited duchy, they would support Henry's candidacy for the throne of Greater Poland.
859:(Gdańsk Pomerania). This unification campaign, however, encountered considerable difficulties. In Greater Poland, Władysław managed to only take control of the Kuyavia-border towns of
298:
Edict by Władysław the Short in 1325 confirming the Cistercians of Byszewo continue to have the same rights as under German law, and the continued ownership of their Abbey in Byszewo.
1125:
did not approve of the judgment of Inowrocław and the case was suspended. This gave the Holy See the opportunity to use the conflict for their own purposes in the subsequent years.
1292:
Unable to deliver a decisive blow to Władysław I Łokietek, the Knights decided on finally mastering Kuyavia. The night of 23–24 September saw the first major unresolved clash near
1064:
The recovery of Greater Poland allowed Władysław entry into broader international politics. In 1315, Poland concluded an alliance against Brandenburg with the three monarchies of
1326:
The loss of Kuyavia, which was his patrimony, was certainly very painful for Władysław, although in the same year, taking advantage of the death of Przemko II of Głogow, he took
924:. Despite a partial guarantee by Władysław the Short, the Swienca family was unable to pay such a sum; therefore, on 17 July 1307 they changed their allegiance from Władysław to
529:, a cousin of Przemysł, was discussed. The following year, in August, Władysław was present, along with Przemysl II and Ziemomysł of Kuyavia, when finalizing the reform of the
2767:
1216:
1134:
camp. Władysław's alliance with the Charles I Robert, king of Hungary, was strengthened in 1320 by Charles I Robert's marriage to Wladyslaw's daughter Elizabeth Łokietkówną.
1261:
In 1331, there was another armed expedition by the Teutonic Knights into Polish lands. This time, according to the action plan of the Order, the troops under the command of
653:
in January 1293 in order to develop strategies for removing the Czech government. The reconciliation of the opponents occurred as a result of the intervention of Archbishop
1001:
The reason that Władysław the Short could not be involved directly in Pomerelian affairs was the unstable situation in Lesser Poland. The source of the unrest was
223:
Władysław I inherited a small portion of his father's domain, but his dominion grew as some of his brothers died young. He unsuccessfully tried to incorporate the
601:
for unknown reasons, and so Władysław the Short began to style himself the Duke of Kraków and Sandomierz. He occupied the capital of Lesser Poland (but without
649:
Their recent failures and the threat of Wenceslaus II prompted Przemysł II and Władysław, the existing Polish competitors for the throne of Kraków, to meet in
1342:
Władysław the Elbow-high died on 2 March 1333 at the Wawel Castle in Kraków, where he was buried in the cathedral, perhaps on 12 March of that year. His son,
1822:
1643:
1616:
658:
1552:
1174:
in 1327 and the associated threat to border areas, possessions were exchanged between the king and his nephews. Between 28 May 1327 and 14 October 1328,
1363:
If not for the merits of his father, Casimir III would not have been able to have the threshold rule to pay the king of Bohemia and titular Polish king
783:, with whose magnates Władysław had allied relations. During that time, Władysław's spouse Jadwiga and their children stayed in Kuyavia in the town of
2674:
752:
The real threat to Władysław's power actually came from the south. Wenceslaus II of Bohemia decided to crack down on the Duke of Kuyavia. In 1299 in
1900:(en: Przemysł II. Restorer of the Polish Crown), Poznan, 1997, p. 122. There is actually unanimity among historians that such a meeting took place.
1097:). The decision about the coronation was ultimately made during two rallies of nobles and knights; the first was held from 20 to 23 June 1318 in
1053:
The dukes were forced to come to terms with the loss of Greater Poland, as they remained only with part of the territories bordering the rivers
756:
an agreement was concluded under which Władysław the Short agreed to resubmit homage to Wenceslaus II, in return for which he would receive 400
2469:
1109:
with the documents. The successful arrangement featured a replacement method of calculating the papal pence on terms favorable for the papacy.
2902:
2897:
1719:
Although it is generally accepted that Władysław had three sons, doubts have been raised regarding Stefan's existence. See Jasiński, K. 2001.
2198:
2006:(en: Lesser Poland ruling elite in the face of rivalry for the Kraków throne in the years 1288–1306), Bydgoszcz 1992, p. 27; and Jurek, T.,
1939:(en: Annals, or Chronicles of the Famous Kingdom of Poland), vol. VII, p. 327 (under the year 1290, which was a mistake by the chronicler);
2566:
1499:
Władysław (born between 1296 and 1311; died 1312) – named after his father; he was buried, like Stefan, in the Franciscan Church of Kraków.
1346:, inherited Lesser Poland, the Duchy of Sandomierz, Greater Poland, Kuyavia, and the Duchies of Łęczyca and Sieradz. However, Silesia and
1084:
and Pomerania. The war broke out a year later; however, it did not bring success and only caused the destruction of frontier territories.
1570:
887:, so despite leaving Peter Swienca, the senior family member, as voivode, the role of governor was given to his two nephews (the sons of
273:
Perhaps his greatest achievement was gaining papal permission to be crowned king of Poland in 1320, which occurred for the first time at
2203:
586:
501:. However, the nobility abided by Boleslaw's will, which had designated Władysław's elder half-brother Leszek II the Black as his heir.
1269:. In the middle of the year, Teutonic troops carrying out a reconnaissance effort entered Kuyavia and Greater Poland, including taking
1493:
795:
Władysław I Łokietek returned to Lesser Poland in 1304 with an army of his supporters, which, according to the 15th-century historian
386:. He was only third in seniority to be Duke of Kuyavia, however, as he had two older half-brothers from Casimir's second marriage to
1586:
270:, who then demanded an exorbitant sum, or the land itself as an alternative. This led to an extended conflict with the Knights.
208:
from 1320 to 1333, and duke of several of the provinces and principalities in the preceding years. He was a member of the royal
2065:, (en: Collection of documents from Lesser Poland), S. Kuraś and I. Sułkowska-Kuraś, eds., vol. IV, Wrocław 1969, no. 886, and
1315:, the capital of Kuyavia, fell. Soon the Teutonic Knights were also in the other main strongholds of province – Inowrocław and
3136:
1502:
724:, Henry III's eldest son. Also, regardless of the future birth of any sons of his own, Władysław agreed to give the duchy of
442:
In 1267, when Władysław I Łokietek was seven years old, his father Casimir died. At this time, Leszek II the Black inherited
1856:
1518:
Jadwiga (born between 1306 and 1309 or between 1311 and 1319; died 3 June between 1320 and 1335) – named after her mother.
1159:
Władysław I Łokietek organized another armed expedition the following year. This time the target was the subordination of
3156:
2872:
1601:
1430:
Later histories refer to him also as Władysław IV or Władysław I. There are no records to show that he actually used any
1226:
In 1330 the Teutonic Knights resumed hostilities. Crusaders successfully plundered cities in Kuyavia and Greater Poland:
550:
The death of Leszek initiated a struggle for supremacy in the duchies of Kraków and Sandomierz; the main candidates were
1631:
294:
767:
It is not known exactly where Władysław the Short lived during the years 1300–1304. According to tradition, he went to
2405:
1780:
1758:
1486:
925:
2892:
2103:
Casimir II of Łęczyca was killed on 10 June 1294 at the Battle of Trojanov against the Lithuanians. Balzer, Oswald,
1751:
3151:
3066:
2807:
2559:
1663:
610:
2877:
2583:
981:
in to help. At first it seemed that all went well, as the knights under Gunther von Schwarzburg, the commander of
3146:
2988:
2053:(en: Establishment of a united Polish state at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries), Warsaw 1954, pp. 208–209
1171:
3091:
2305:
1265:
were to coordinate with the expedition of King John of Bohemia. The two armies were to meet under the walls of
1026:
563:
425:, who speculated that the nickname referred to the short stature of the king. In 2019, a team of archeologists
996:
977:
On the advice of the German prior of the Dominican Order in Gdańsk, Władysław I Łokietek decided to bring the
1116:
The year 1320 was important for the politics of Władysław I Łokietek for other reasons. On 14 April 1320 in
593:
is the place where the decision was made to send a letter to the Pope asking for the coronation of Władysław
2993:
1435:
1304:
was important psychologically for the Poles as it convinced them that the Knights were not insurmountable.
1191:
482:. Władysław took responsibility for governing these territories in 1275, but they were actually held in a "
306:, encountered an obstacle which impeded its development for nearly two hundred years. In the will of King
2782:
2552:
1175:
892:
547:
Sieradz, Casimir II inherited the duchy of Łęczyca, and Siemowit assumed control of the land of Dobrzyń.
1013:
3081:
1320:
900:
463:
30:
1947:(en: Chronicle of Polish princes), in: Monumenta Poloniae Historica, vol. II, p. 536; and Musiał, S.,
855:
Another goal of Władysław I Łokietek was to regain the inheritance of Przemysł II: Greater Poland and
3028:
2924:
2519:
2234:(en: Władysław the Elbow-high against the background of his time), Wrocław: Ossolineum, 1951, p. 173.
1522:(1301–1339), Duke of Austria (1330–1339), may have applied for her hand in marriage, perhaps in 1331.
1286:
1101:, where a special supplication was prepared with a request to the Pope, and the second on 29 June in
1042:
1038:
704:
as his heir. Neither party wanted bloody battles, and so an arrangement was made on 10 March 1296 in
663:
248:
72:
2837:
2731:
1210:
708:
in which Władysław agreed to give Henry III the part of Greater Poland west and south of the rivers
551:
514:
459:
236:
3141:
2919:
2592:
1745:
1195:
872:
701:
618:
578:(Przemko of Ścinawa died there), resulting in a great victory for the branches of Mazovia-Kuyavia.
2842:
2787:
2757:
960:
King Władysław the Elbow-high breaking off agreements with the Teutonic Knights at Brześć Kujawski
471:
307:
2957:
2747:
2575:
967:
638:
574:—who were returning to Silesia. On 26 February 1289, a bloody battle occurred on the fields near
2742:
2715:
1482:
1046:
888:
399:
387:
3086:
3076:
3056:
2737:
1951:(en: Battle of Siewierz and Greater Poland's participation in it), in: Krzyżaniakowa, J., ed.,
1762:
1383:
English translation: Vladislaus by the grace of God duke of the Kingdom of Poland, and lord of
1379:
Wladislaus Dei gracia, dux Regni Poloniae et dominus Pomeraniae, Cuiavie, Lanciciae ac Siradiae
1262:
1235:
868:
541:
403:
2010:(en: Heir of the Kingdom of Poland, Henryk, prince of Głogów (1274–1309)), Poznań 1993, p. 14.
1478:
1187:
1160:
517:, in a battle with Bolesław's brother, Konrad II, and during the expedition won the castle of
467:
3126:
3018:
2947:
2817:
2812:
2792:
2664:
2536:
2416:
1519:
1512:
1343:
1030:
933:
721:
622:
278:
205:
149:
82:
2188:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
1463:
669:
571:
475:
470:. After the death of his father, Władysław was sent to Kraków to the court of his relative,
3131:
3061:
2998:
2980:
1506:
1312:
997:
Coping with internal opposition – Jan Muskata and the rebellion of mayor Albert (1308–1312)
824:
494:
455:
375:
213:
175:
2912:
840:
8:
3036:
3013:
3008:
2847:
2822:
2797:
1943:(en: Tombstones of Silesian princes), in: Monumenta Poloniae Historica, vol. II, p. 713;
1560:
1474:
1405:
Wladislaus Dei gracia, rex Poloniae et dominus Pomeraniae, Cuiavie, Lanciciae ac Siradiae
1186:
in exchange for the Duchy of Sieradz. And probably at the turn of 1327/1328, the sons of
391:
383:
302:
In 1138, the Kingdom of Poland, which had been growing in strength under the rule of the
266:, and left it to familial governors. For the defense of this territory, he turned to the
232:
217:
185:
153:
145:
1301:
849:
737:
263:
3051:
2965:
2832:
2776:
2752:
2725:
2463:
1278:
1247:
790:
772:
720:. = Władysław also established his successor in the event he died without a male heir:
598:
335:
228:
3046:
2887:
732:
because banditry was spreading there and internal opposition grew stronger, headed by
224:
3071:
2970:
2827:
2401:
1852:
1687:
In old Polish, an ell was a measure of length: one ell equaled 0.78 meters in length.
1668:
1467:
1459:
1439:
526:
140:
133:
1034:
597:
After the Battle of Siewierz, Bolesław II of Mazovia resigned from applying for the
525:, Duke of Greater Poland, in Sieradz in February 1284, the marriage of Władysław to
2852:
2802:
2144:
Zabiegi księcia kujawskiego Władysława Łokietka o tron krakowski w latach 1288–1293
1823:"Król Władysław Łokietek mocno różnił się od naszych wyobrażeń. Naukowcy zaskakują"
1532:
1246:
with the help of Lithuanians were the allies successful in besieging the castle of
880:
836:, and the Kingdom of Bohemia was without a monarch and in the heat of a civil war.
567:
489:
In October 1277, lands destined for his younger brother Casimir II were invaded by
479:
462:
were held in regency by Euphrosyne on behalf of Władysław and his younger brothers
267:
1913:(en: Study of the divided kingdom. Prince Leszek the Black), Warsaw, 2000, p. 448.
955:
771:, where he took part in the celebration of the great jubilee of 1300 organized by
590:
530:
2882:
2867:
1623:
1577:
1364:
1211:
The war with the Teutonic Knights in Kuyavia and the Battle of Płowce (1330–1332)
1009:
733:
555:
363:
274:
262:
Władysław was a skilled military leader, but also an administrator; he conquered
121:
36:
2269:
2160:
2083:
1978:
1801:
1409:
English translation: Vladislaus by the grace of God king of Poland, and lord of
654:
474:(1st cousin once removed). In 1273 Władysław participated in the arbitration by
3041:
2620:
2526:
1121:
1106:
1094:
978:
921:
884:
757:
700:
However, there was a testament of Przemysł II, written about 1290, recognizing
498:
486:" (collective property of the family community) with his two younger brothers.
431:
327:
252:
165:
44:
2857:
1450:
1137:
914:
796:
522:
478:, duke of Greater Poland, to reconcile him and his mother Euphrosyne with the
422:
256:
3120:
3003:
2934:
2702:
2490:
2306:
https://web.archive.org/web/20160207023813/http://archeozamki.pl/?page_id=111
2194:
2189:
2107:(en: Genealogy of the Piasts), Lviv 1895, p.342; and Swieżawski, Aleksander,
2004:
Małopolska elita władzy wobec rywalizacji o tron krakowski w latach 1288–1306
1515:(30 April 1310 – 5 November 1370), King of Poland (1333–1370).
1431:
1319:, the latter of which was destroyed on the orders of the prince of the land,
691:). The third theory posits a specific date of the marriage as 23 April 1289.
626:
343:
303:
240:
209:
1308:
1117:
581:
542:
Death of Leszek the Black and the struggle for control of Kraków (1288–1289)
451:
1955:(en: Przemysł II, renewal of the Polish kingdom), Poznań 1997, pp. 161–166.
1541:(The Crown of the Kings). He is a recurring character in the first season.
1418:
1392:
1331:
1327:
1054:
820:
709:
602:
443:
355:
2692:
2659:
2049:(en: Przemysł II, Polish King), Warsaw 2006, p. 148; and Baszkiewicz, J.,
1477:(born between 1295 and 1298; died 9 April 1331 or in 1333). Married first
1227:
1179:
2002:(en: Przemysł II: Restorer of the Polish Crown), p. 164; Nowakowski, T.,
1608:
1347:
1282:
1250:
in September. Then, under the besieged castle of the Teutonic Knights in
1220:
1081:
1065:
1002:
963:
845:
804:
2207:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 765.
1198:—exchanged the principality of Dobrzyń for the principality of Łęczyca.
521:. It is also possible that at a meeting between Leszek II the Black and
2641:
2051:
Powstanie zjednoczonego państwa polskiego na przełomie XIII i XIV wieku
1593:
871:, because the rest of the duchy had accepted the rule of his old enemy
800:
509:
331:
59:
1243:
982:
929:
896:
808:
741:
705:
559:
534:
2710:
2634:
2606:
2544:
1535:
1410:
1384:
1316:
1255:
1231:
1183:
856:
784:
633:
Bohemian troops, through numerical superiority and with support from
513:
1280, Władysław militarily helped Leszek's ally, the Mazovian Prince
490:
426:
367:
1297:
937:
904:
791:
Recovery of Kuyavia, Lesser Poland, and Gdańsk Pomerania (1304–1306)
725:
518:
505:
339:
244:
106:
2682:
2648:
2627:
2434:
God's Playground A History of Poland: Volume 1: The Origins to 1795
1251:
776:
575:
2327:
She was the only wife of Władysław. See Jasiński, K. 2001, p. 122.
1058:
812:
753:
717:
606:
2720:
2613:
1422:
1414:
1396:
1388:
1274:
1239:
1098:
1069:
990:
941:
833:
829:
816:
780:
634:
447:
359:
347:
323:
319:
315:
160:
2008:
Dziedzic Królestwa Polskiego książę głogowski Henryk (1274–1309)
864:
694:
277:
in Kraków. Władysław died in 1333 and was succeeded by his son,
2687:
2654:
2599:
2259:(en: History of Poland. Middle Ages), Warsaw 2002, pp. 342–343.
1270:
1266:
1154:
1102:
1077:
1073:
986:
971:
949:
876:
761:
650:
351:
110:
2036:(en: Przemysł II: Restorer of the Polish Crown), pp. 171, 174.
1307:
Soon after these events, peace negotiations were initiated in
1926:(en: Przemysł II: Restorer of the Polish Crown), 2007, p. 158
1293:
1164:
908:
860:
713:
644:
807:. Later that same year he was able to master the castles in
2378:
1849:
Dzieje Polski. T.2. 1202-1340. Od rozbicia do nowej Polski.
1215:
1138:
Expedition to Rus' and the war with Brandenburg (1323–1326)
945:
915:
Annexation of Pomerelia by the Teutonic Knights (1307–1309)
768:
2221:(en: History of Poland. Middle Ages), Kraków 2002, p. 343.
2111:(en: Przemysł II, Polish King), Warsaw 2006, pp. 149–150.
1867:
1865:
799:, consisted of more peasants than knights. He settled in
582:
Duke of Sandomierz and war with Wenceslaus II (1289–1292)
418:
1273:(where there was a skirmish with the Polish troops) and
2366:
2330:
2283:
2237:
1505:(1305 – 29 December 1380) – the wife of
1020:
1862:
747:
1354:
402:. He was named after his uncle, his mother's brother
251:
was murdered. He temporarily took control of part of
2354:
2342:
2073:(en: Przemysł II, Polish King), Warsaw 2006, p. 150.
1968:(en: Przemysł II, Polish King), Warsaw 2006, p. 131.
1937:
Roczniki, czyli Kroniki Sławnego Królestwa Polskiego
1911:
Studium podzielonego królestwa. Książę Leszek Czarny
1885:
Studium podzielonego królestwa. Książę Leszek Czarny
504:
After Leszek II the Black's acquisition of power in
409:
In contemporary historical sources he was nicknamed
2456:
Pedigree of the Piasts of Lesser Poland and Kuyavia
2443:
Realm of St. Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary
605:), yet despite initial victories in the battles of
231:) in 1289, following the death of his half-brother
3118:
1949:Bitwa pod Siewierzem i udział w niej Wielkopolan
1454:Ducal seal of Władysław the Elbow-high from 1315
728:to Henry IV Faithful when he reached adulthood.
437:
235:and the withdrawal from contention of his ally
204:(c. 1260/1 – 2 March 1333), was
1334:, which had been held by the dukes of Głogow.
243:, Władysław regained several duchies and then
2560:
1576:In 1320 the King began the building of a new
1531:He is played by Wiesław Wójcik in the Polish
928:, and received from him in fief the towns of
695:Initial efforts in Greater Poland (1296–1298)
338:. The Seniorate Province initially comprised
239:. After a period in exile during the rule of
2304:(en: Teutonic castle in Kowalewo Pomorskie)
1178:gave Wladyslaw the Duchy of Inowrocław with
1155:Failed attempt to master Mazovia (1327–1328)
3107:indicates monarch of questioned historicity
1953:Przemysł II, odnowienie królestwa polskiego
1935:For more on this battle, see: Długosz, J.,
760:and an eight-year income from the mines in
686:
374:Władysław I Łokietek was the oldest son of
314:), Poland was divided into five provinces:
2567:
2553:
2468:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
645:Collaboration with Przemysł II (1293–1296)
29:
2452:Rodowód Piastów małopolskich i kujawskich
1781:Learn how and when to remove this message
1509:(1288–1342), King of Hungary (1308–1342).
1201:
1087:
948:, and received in perpetuity the Land of
775:. Other places he might have stayed were
2449:
2384:
2372:
2336:
2289:
2243:
2193:
1871:
1744:This article includes a list of general
1449:
1438:who officially used the numeral III and
1214:
954:
844:current leading advocate of Czech rule,
585:
293:
2232:Władysław Łokietek na tle swoich czasów
2034:Przemysł II. Odnowiciel korony polskiej
2000:Przemysł II: Odnowiciel korony polskiej
1924:Przemysł II: Odnowiciel korony polskiej
1898:Przemysł II. Odnowiciel korony polskiej
1708:Władysław Łokietek na tle swoich czasów
1170:In connection with the outbreak of the
803:with the help of the Hungarian magnate
3119:
2574:
2431:
2360:
2174:
787:in the guise of ordinary townspeople.
2548:
2440:
2348:
2302:Zamek krzyżacki w Kowalewie Pomorskim
1526:
533:, i.e., taking in the monks from the
450:six years earlier), Ziemomysł gained
1730:
1021:Mastering Greater Poland (1309–1315)
1622:The tomb of the monarch inside the
1281:and resolved the unsettled case of
1238:. Only by a daring crossing of the
1128:
748:Flight from the country (1299–1304)
362:(maintained by the Dowager Duchess
346:, eastern Greater Poland including
13:
2458:] (in Polish). Poznań-Wrocław.
1750:it lacks sufficient corresponding
1355:Legacy and assessment of the ruler
216:, and great-grandson of High-Duke
14:
3168:
2477:
2067:Kodeks Dyplomatyczny Wielkopolski
1487:Rudolf I, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg
926:Waldemar, Margrave of Brandenburg
259:, lost it, and then regained it.
2181:
2133:Jasinski, K., 2001, pp. 122–123.
1735:
1642:
1630:
1615:
1607:Portrait of King Władysław I by
1600:
1585:
1569:
1551:
16:King of Poland from 1320 to 1333
2425:
2410:
2390:
2321:
2311:
2295:
2262:
2249:
2224:
2211:
2153:
2136:
2127:
2114:
2097:
2076:
2056:
2039:
2026:
2013:
1992:
1971:
1958:
1929:
1713:
1700:
1690:
1470:. They had six known children.
1371:
1330:in Greater Poland by the river
2257:Historia Polski. Średniowiecze
2219:Historia Polski. Średniowiecze
1916:
1903:
1890:
1877:
1841:
1829:(in Polish). 30 September 2022
1815:
1794:
1681:
1466:, Duke of Greater Poland, and
1403:Royal title after coronation:
1242:by Władysław and intrusion to
146:Kunigunde, Duchess of Świdnica
1:
2199:Wladislaus s.v. Wladislaus I.
2063:Zbiór dokumentów małopolskich
1726:
1637:Poland between 1275 and 1300.
1161:Wenceslaus, the duke of Płock
1105:. Bishop Gerward was sent to
879:which was occupied by prince
438:Prince in Kuyavia (1267–1288)
289:
3137:14th-century Polish monarchs
3092:Stanisław August Poniatowski
2148:Zapiski Kujawsko-Dobrzyńskie
1674:
1664:History of Poland (966–1385)
1080:, as well as the duchies of
625:, the Hungarian king of the
552:Bolesław II, Duke of Mazovia
366:for her lifetime), and with
255:after the death of his ally
7:
3067:Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki
2808:Władysław III Spindleshanks
1657:
1561:Crown of Bolesław the Brave
1494:Franciscan Church of Kraków
679:
446:(he had already been given
413:, a diminutive of the word
154:Elizabeth, Queen of Hungary
35:Władysław's tomb effigy in
10:
3173:
3157:Burials at Wawel Cathedral
2436:. Oxford University Press.
2398:Polskie koronacje i korony
1650:Władysław I on White Horse
1544:
1481:. Their children included
196:, in English known as the
3100:
3027:
2979:
2956:
2932:
2911:
2898:Dukes of Gdańsk Pomerania
2777:Senior or Supreme Princes
2766:
2701:
2673:
2582:
2533:
2524:
2516:
2511:
2484:
1941:Nagrobki książąt śląskich
1592:16th-century portrait by
1564:was made for Władysław I.
1445:
1442:who used the numeral IV.
1377:Title before coronation:
1219:Władysław I Łokietek, by
181:
171:
159:
139:
129:
116:
100:
92:
88:
78:
68:
58:
50:
43:
28:
21:
2893:Dukes of Sieradz-Łęczyca
1945:Kronika książąt polskich
1337:
1321:Casimir III of Gniewkowo
1285:after the death of Duke
672:, uncle of Przemysł II.
619:Wenceslaus II of Bohemia
417:which means "elbow" or "
404:Władysław, Duke of Opole
3152:Dukes of Greater Poland
2873:Dukes of Greater Poland
2432:Davies, Norman (2005).
2204:Encyclopædia Britannica
2109:Przemysł II Król Polski
2071:Przemysł II Król Polski
2047:Przemysł II Król Polski
2021:Przemysł II Król Polski
1966:Przemysł II Król Polski
1765:more precise citations.
1192:Władysław the Hunchback
716:up to the mouth of the
639:Margrave of Brandenburg
312:Bolesław III Krzywousty
284:
3147:Polish Roman Catholics
3077:Augustus II the Strong
2994:Władysław III of Varna
2878:Dukes of Little Poland
2783:Władysław II the Exile
2738:Casimir I the Restorer
2732:Bolesław the Forgotten
2419:, Małgorzta Woszczenko
1697:not to risk a dispute.
1455:
1263:Dietrich von Altenburg
1223:
1202:Loss of Dobrzyń (1329)
1176:Przemysł of Inowrocław
1088:Coronation (1315–1320)
974:
839:The death of the last
687:
594:
299:
237:Bolesław II of Masovia
104:2 March 1333 (aged 72)
3019:Sigismund II Augustus
2989:Władysław II Jagiełło
2966:Louis I the Hungarian
2948:Casimir III the Great
2843:Bolesław V the Chaste
2818:Mieszko IV Tanglefoot
2788:Bolesław IV the Curly
2758:Bolesław III Wrymouth
2665:Piast the Wheelwright
2537:Casimir III the Great
2486:Władysław I Łokietek
2450:Jasiński, K. (2001).
1513:Casimir III the Great
1453:
1344:Casimir III the Great
1218:
1041:received Poznań, and
958:
722:Henry IV the Faithful
688:matrimonium de futuro
589:
472:Bolesław V the Chaste
382:) and his third wife
308:Bolesław III Wrymouth
297:
279:Casimir III the Great
150:Casimir III of Poland
83:Casimir III the Great
3062:John II Casimir Vasa
2981:Jagiellonian dynasty
2943:Władysław I Łokietek
2743:Bolesław II the Bold
2716:Bolesław I the Brave
2270:"Władysław Łokietek"
2161:"Władysław Łokietek"
2124:, Lviv 1895, p. 440.
2084:"Władysław Łokietek"
1979:"Władysław Łokietek"
1802:"Władysław Łokietek"
1483:Bolko II of Świdnica
1279:Bolko II of Świdnica
1025:On 9 December 1309,
388:Constance of Wrocław
380:Kazimierz I Kujawski
376:Casimir I of Kuyavia
214:Casimir I of Kuyavia
194:Władysław I Łokietek
176:Casimir I of Kuyavia
22:Władysław I Łokietek
3014:Sigismund I the Old
2958:Capet-Anjou dynasty
2848:Leszek II the Black
2838:Bolesław the Horned
2798:Casimir II the Just
2793:Mieszko III the Old
2441:Engel, Pál (2005).
2387:, pp. 161–163.
1706:E. Długopolski (in
1485:. Married secondly
1479:Bernard of Świdnica
1188:Siemowit of Dobrzyń
1172:Polish-Teutonic War
1027:Henry III of Głogów
895:became governor of
873:Henry III of Głogów
702:Henry III of Głogów
564:Henry III of Głogów
392:Leszek II the Black
384:Euphrosyne of Opole
354:, western Kuyavia,
233:Leszek II the Black
218:Casimir II the Just
202:Ladislaus the Short
186:Euphrosyne of Opole
24:Ladislaus the Short
3052:Sigismund III Vasa
2903:Dukes of Pomerania
2833:Henry II the Pious
2748:Władysław I Herman
2726:Mieszko II Lambert
2576:Monarchs of Poland
2122:Genealogia Piastów
2105:Genealogia Piastów
1527:In popular culture
1468:Jolenta of Hungary
1464:Bolesław the Pious
1462:, the daughter of
1458:Władysław married
1456:
1436:Władysław of Varna
1248:Kowalewo Pomorskie
1224:
1167:in February 1327.
1010:John of Luxembourg
975:
773:Pope Boniface VIII
670:Bolesław the Pious
659:survival agreement
599:Seniorate Province
595:
572:Przemko of Ścinawa
476:Bolesław the Pious
336:Seniorate Province
300:
229:Seniorate Province
212:, the son of Duke
3114:
3113:
3072:John III Sobieski
3057:Władysław IV Vasa
3029:Elective monarchy
2913:Přemyslid dynasty
2828:Henry the Bearded
2543:
2542:
2534:Succeeded by
2230:Długopolski, E.,
1791:
1790:
1783:
1460:Jadwiga of Kalisz
531:Sulejów monastery
191:
190:
134:Jadwiga of Kalisz
3164:
2888:Dukes of Kuyavia
2883:Dukes of Masovia
2868:Dukes of Silesia
2853:Henryk IV Probus
2813:Władysław Odonic
2803:Leszek the White
2569:
2562:
2555:
2546:
2545:
2517:Preceded by
2507:
2500:
2482:
2481:
2473:
2467:
2459:
2446:
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2184:
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2112:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2090:
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2074:
2060:
2054:
2045:Swieżawski, A.,
2043:
2037:
2030:
2024:
2017:
2011:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1975:
1969:
1964:Swieżawski, A.,
1962:
1956:
1933:
1927:
1920:
1914:
1907:
1901:
1894:
1888:
1881:
1875:
1869:
1860:
1857:978-837553-196-1
1845:
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1834:
1819:
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1798:
1786:
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1775:
1772:
1766:
1761:this article by
1752:inline citations
1739:
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1589:
1573:
1555:
1533:historical drama
1507:Charles I Robert
1302:Battle of Płowce
1129:Alliances (1320)
962:, a painting by
920:amount of 2,000
881:Bolko I of Opole
850:bishop of Kraków
738:bishop of Poznań
690:
667:
637:princes and the
568:Bolko I of Opole
480:Teutonic Knights
334:Region, and the
268:Teutonic Knights
264:Gdańsk Pomerania
33:
19:
18:
3172:
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3165:
3163:
3162:
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3142:Kings of Poland
3117:
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3110:
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3047:Stephen Báthory
3037:Henry of Valois
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2400:, Kraków 1987.
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2197:, ed. (1911). "
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2150:6, 1988, p. 52.
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1686:
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1677:
1660:
1653:
1652:by M. Barwicki.
1647:
1638:
1635:
1626:
1624:Wawel Cathedral
1620:
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1574:
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1365:John of Bohemia
1357:
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1090:
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999:
968:National Museum
917:
825:Brześć Kujawski
793:
750:
734:Andrzej Zaremba
697:
682:
661:
647:
584:
556:Henry IV Probus
544:
456:Brześć Kujawski
440:
364:Salomea of Berg
292:
287:
275:Wawel Cathedral
225:Duchy of Kraków
152:
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122:Wawel Cathedral
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64:20 January 1320
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2675:Proto-historic
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2527:King of Poland
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2520:Wenceslaus III
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2479:
2478:External links
2476:
2475:
2474:
2447:
2445:. I.B. Tauris.
2438:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2421:
2409:
2396:Rożek Michał,
2389:
2377:
2375:, p. 163.
2365:
2353:
2351:, p. 137.
2341:
2339:, p. 154.
2329:
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2294:
2292:, p. 174.
2282:
2261:
2248:
2246:, p. 118.
2236:
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2195:Chisholm, Hugh
2173:
2152:
2142:Tęgowski, J.,
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2012:
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1520:Otto the Merry
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1440:Władysław Vasa
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432:House of Piast
427:endoscopically
328:Greater Poland
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249:Wenceslaus III
206:King of Poland
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3007:
3005:
3004:John I Albert
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2978:
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2969:
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2961:
2959:
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2935:Piast dynasty
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2923:
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2920:Wenceslaus II
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2768:Fragmentation
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2703:Piast dynasty
2700:
2694:
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2684:
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2491:Piast dynasty
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2413:
2407:
2406:83-03-01914-7
2403:
2399:
2393:
2386:
2385:Jasiński 2001
2381:
2374:
2373:Jasiński 2001
2369:
2363:, p. 77.
2362:
2357:
2350:
2345:
2338:
2337:Jasiński 2001
2333:
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2290:Jasiński 2001
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2244:Jasiński 2001
2240:
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2190:public domain
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2042:
2035:
2032:Nowacki, B.,
2029:
2022:
2016:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1998:Nowacki, B.,
1995:
1980:
1974:
1967:
1961:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1932:
1925:
1922:Nowacki, B.,
1919:
1912:
1909:Żmudzki, P.,
1906:
1899:
1896:Nowacki, B.,
1893:
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1883:Żmudzki, P.,
1880:
1873:
1872:Jasiński 2001
1868:
1866:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1844:
1828:
1824:
1818:
1803:
1797:
1793:
1785:
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1669:List of Poles
1667:
1665:
1662:
1661:
1651:
1645:
1640:
1633:
1628:
1625:
1618:
1613:
1610:
1603:
1598:
1595:
1588:
1583:
1579:
1572:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1554:
1549:
1548:
1542:
1540:
1539:Korona królów
1537:
1534:
1521:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1491:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1473:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1452:
1443:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1432:regnal number
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1407:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1375:
1369:
1366:
1361:
1352:
1349:
1345:
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3127:1260s births
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603:Wawel Castle
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342:and western
311:
301:
272:
261:
222:
201:
198:"Elbow-high"
197:
193:
192:
3132:1333 deaths
3082:Stanisław I
2858:Przemysł II
2361:Davies 2005
2255:Szczur S.,
2217:Szczur S.,
1847:Nowak, A.,
1833:22 December
1771:August 2020
1763:introducing
1609:Jan Matejko
1348:Lubusz Land
1221:Jan Matejko
1082:Mecklenburg
1066:Scandinavia
1003:Jan Muskata
964:Jan Matejko
901:Casimir III
846:Jan Muskata
805:Amadeus Aba
797:Jan Długosz
662: [
523:Przemysł II
515:Bolesław II
491:Lithuanians
423:Jan Długosz
257:Przemysł II
69:Predecessor
3121:Categories
2999:Casimir IV
2642:Leszko III
2531:1320–1333
2349:Engel 2005
1746:references
1727:References
1594:Anton Boys
1309:Inowrocław
1287:Przemko II
1118:Inowrocław
801:Sandomierz
623:Andrew III
558:, Duke of
510:Sandomierz
464:Casimir II
452:Inowrocław
332:Sandomierz
290:Background
60:Coronation
3009:Alexander
2933:Restored
2865:See also:
2711:Mieszko I
2693:Siemomysł
2660:Chościsko
2655:Popiel II
2635:Leszko II
2607:Krakus II
2584:Legendary
2464:cite book
1675:Footnotes
1536:TV series
1503:Elizabeth
1475:Kunigunde
1411:Pomerania
1385:Pomerania
1317:Gniewkowo
1256:Gediminas
1232:Bydgoszcz
1228:Radziejów
1184:Bydgoszcz
1180:Wyszogród
1095:Włocławek
889:Ziemomysł
857:Pomerelia
841:Přemyslid
785:Radziejow
538:Dobrzyń.
495:Konrad II
400:Ziemomysł
368:Pomerelia
79:Successor
54:1320–1333
2823:Konrad I
2753:Zbigniew
2683:Siemowit
2649:Popiel I
2628:Leszko I
2600:Krakus I
2275:29 March
2166:29 March
2089:29 March
1984:29 March
1859:. p.260.
1807:29 March
1658:See also
1252:Lipienek
1196:Bolesław
1122:grzywnas
1043:Bolesław
934:Polanowo
922:grzywnas
893:Przemysł
875:(except
777:Ruthenia
758:grzywnas
680:Marriage
635:Silesian
611:Święcica
576:Siewierz
484:niedzial
468:Siemowit
411:Łokietek
124:, Kraków
3105:Italics
2971:Jadwiga
2721:Bezprym
2614:Lech II
2192::
1759:improve
1545:Gallery
1423:Sieradz
1419:Łęczyca
1415:Kuyavia
1397:Sieradz
1393:Łęczyca
1389:Kuyavia
1328:Zbąszyń
1275:Gniezno
1244:Chełmno
1107:Avignon
1099:Sulejow
1070:Denmark
1039:Przemko
991:Malbork
983:Chełmno
966:in the
942:Tuchola
930:Darłowo
897:Świecie
834:Moravia
830:Olomouc
821:Łęczyca
817:Sieradz
809:Wiślica
781:Hungary
742:Kościan
706:Krzywiń
560:Wrocław
535:Wąchock
527:Jadwiga
460:Dobrzyń
448:Sieradz
444:Łęczyca
360:Sieradz
356:Łęczyca
348:Gniezno
324:Kuyavia
320:Mazovia
316:Silesia
2770:period
2688:Lestek
2593:Lech I
2502:
2499:1260/1
2417:Kraków
2404:
2186:
1855:
1827:Wprost
1748:, but
1446:Family
1313:Brześć
1298:Płowce
1283:Głogów
1271:Pyzdry
1267:Kalisz
1234:, and
1103:Pyzdry
1078:Norway
1076:, and
1074:Sweden
1047:Konrad
1037:, and
1014:revolt
987:Venice
972:Warsaw
950:Slupsk
944:, and
938:Sławno
905:Gdańsk
877:Wielun
867:, and
848:, the
823:, and
762:Olkusz
736:, the
726:Poznań
651:Kalisz
570:, and
554:, and
519:Jazdów
506:Kraków
454:, and
415:łokieć
398:) and
352:Kalisz
340:Kraków
330:, the
245:Kraków
182:Mother
172:Father
130:Spouse
117:Burial
111:Poland
107:Kraków
96:1260/1
2621:Wanda
2504:Died:
2497:Born:
2454:[
2318:1333.
1338:Death
1294:Konin
1236:Nakło
1165:Opava
1059:Noteć
1031:Henry
909:Tczew
903:took
869:Nakło
861:Konin
813:Lelów
754:Klęka
718:Noteć
714:Warta
666:]
607:Skała
227:(the
161:House
141:Issue
51:Reign
37:Wawel
2470:link
2402:ISBN
2277:2020
2168:2020
2091:2020
1986:2020
1853:ISBN
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1809:2020
1421:and
1395:and
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1194:and
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1045:and
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