690:
463:
1632:
698:
1212:
870:
577:
1537:
501:
same food and dress; but their proximity to the
Province and knowledge of commodities from countries beyond the sea supplies to the Gauls many things tending to luxury as well as civilization. Accustomed by degrees to be overmatched and worsted in many engagements, they do not now even compare themselves to the
853:
who belonged to a coalition that formed around the Cimbri and the
Teutons, defeated a Roman army at Tolosa. In 106-5, Q. Servilius Caepio was sent with an army to put down the revolt, and as a result, Tolosa was sacked, and thereafter the town and its territory were absorbed into Gallia Narbonensis,
521:. Their apparent movement may indicate that the Volcae were newcomers to the region. Caesar's remark about the wealth of this region may have referred not only to agriculture but also to the mineral deposits there, while the renown attributed to the Volcae "in peace and in war" resulted from their
563:
Caesar took it as a given that the Celts in the
Hercynian Forest were emigrant settlers from Gaul who had "seized" the land, but modern archeology identifies the region as part of the La Tène homeland. As Henry Howarth noted a century ago, "The Tectosages reported by Caesar as still being around the
491:
And there was formerly a time when the Gauls excelled the
Germans in prowess, and waged war on them offensively, and, on account of the great number of their people and the insufficiency of their land, sent colonies over the Rhine. Accordingly, the Volcae Tectosages, seized on those parts of Germany
500:
and some other Greeks, and which they call
Orcynia), and settled there. Which nation to this time retains its position in those settlements, and has a very high character for justice and military merit; now also they continue in the same scarcity, indigence, hardihood, as the Germans, and use the
611:): "Narbo is spoken of as the naval-station of these people alone, though it would be fairer to add 'and of the rest of Celtica', so greatly has it surpassed the others in the number of people who use it as a trade-centre." They were not alone in occupying their territory, with its capital at
559:
Allowance must be made for Julius Caesar's usual equation of primitive poverty with admirable hardihood and military prowess and his connection of luxurious imports and the proximity of "civilization", meaning his own, with softness and decadence. In fact, long-established trading connections
547:
led to the exploitation of natural resources on a grand scale and the concentration of skilled craftsmen under the patronage of strong and wealthy chieftains. This culture flourished from the mid second to the mid-1st century BCE, until it buckled under the combined pressure of the
930:
The Volcae were highly influential in
Moravia, and together with the Boii and the Cotini and other Danubian tribes, they controlled a highly active network of trade routes connected to the Mediterranean and the German lands.
798:
The Volcae
Tectosages were among the successful raiders of the Delphi expedition and were said to have transported their booty to Tolosa. A significant part of these raiders however did not return and crossed the
838:
underwent a process of stabilization buttressed by the formation of new and powerful tribal confederations as well as the development of new-style settlements, such as Tolosa and
2288:
564:
Hercynian forest were in fact living in the old homes of their race, whence a portion of them set out on their great expedition against Greece, and eventually settled in
2708:
818:
recruiting post situated close by, a main attraction of the region for Celtic mercenaries eager for more campaigning. Indeed, after crossing the
Pyrenees in 218 BC,
509:
Caesar related a tradition associating the Celtic tribe of the Volcae to the vast
Hercynian Forest, although they were possibly located in the eastern range of the
2188:
2678:
3057:
3048:
2761:
2786:
2223:
1138:
2218:
2693:
2683:
91:
evidence. Driven by highly mobile groups operating outside the tribal system and comprising diverse elements, the Volcae were one of the new
2819:
2771:
2743:
2718:
2698:
2455:
2317:
2138:
2781:
2728:
2663:
1888:
1232:
2653:
2570:
2278:
1646:
807:
was also the name of one of the three great communities of Gauls who invaded and settled in
Anatolia in the country called after them "
3041:
2168:
2158:
1661:
1227:
2658:
2143:
1908:
1568:
745:
1178:"Situated alongside the Arecomici as far as the Pyrenees, are other tribes, which are without repute and small" (Strabo, IV.1.12).
2060:
1805:
1293:
In Roman times Illiberis— in Basque, "iri-berri" or "ili-berri", still signifies "new town"— signified more than one place: see
3792:
2796:
1597:
3034:
1513:
834:
of the Rhône Valley, who rose to prominence around the middle of the 3rd century BC. From around that time, this part of
713:(whose territory included that of the Tolosates) lived among the Aquitani; the territories were separated by the Hérault (
96:
3772:
1428:
1367:
721:). Strabo says the Volcae Tectosages came originally from the region near modern Toulouse and were part of the Volcae.
525:
skills and the quality of their weapons, both attracting the attention of their northern neighbors. Together with the
298:('bend, curve'). In this view, the animal may have been named after the shape of his beak, just like the Ancient Greek
3797:
3777:
1493:
1471:
1421:
Dictionary of Continental Celtic Place-names: A Celtic Companion to the Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World
1389:
917:
17:
899:
728:
ii) in Gaul lay outside the Roman Republic, to the southwest of the Volcae Arecomici. From the 3rd century BC, the
657:
In Gaul they were divided into two tribes in widely separated regions, the Arecomici on the east, living among the
1631:
262:- ('hawk'), which has no known cognate in other Germanic languages, was most likely borrowed from Old Brittonic
103:, a branch of the Volcae split from the main group on the way into the Balkans and joined two other tribes, the
895:
56:
744:
invaded Gaul, the Tectosages allied themselves with them, and their town Tolosa was sacked in retribution by
510:
1561:
1355:
483:
1438:
Hughes, A. J. (2012). "On substantiating Indo-European *wḷHos 'wolf' in Celtic, Continental and Insular".
52:
1358:(2008). "Linguistically Celtic ethnonyms: towards a classification". In García Alonso, Juan Luis (ed.).
689:
1294:
436:
that came to refer more generally to Celtic and Romance speakers in medieval Germanic languages (e.g.
95:
formed during the Celtic military expansion at the beginning of the 3rd century BC. Collecting in the
2688:
1272:
661:, and the Tectosages (whose territory included that of the Tolosates) on the west, living among the
87:
identity has been attributed to the Volcae, based on mentions in Greek and Latin sources as well as
3787:
880:
2973:
2948:
1554:
1541:
891:
884:
462:
1464:
Celto-Germanic, Later Prehistory and Post-Proto-Indo-European vocabulary in the North and West
3305:
3300:
3073:
3026:
2208:
1608:
760:
in 52 BC. The Roman conquest of Tolosa ended the cultural identity of the Volcae Tectosages.
1217:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
1382:
Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: Une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental
1000:
168:
814:
Venceslas Kruta suggests that their movement into this region was probably motivated by a
8:
3713:
3242:
2978:
1666:
1591:
291:
3659:
2130:
643:
119:
1695:
1481:
748:
in 106 BC. Tolosa was incorporated into the Roman Republic as part of the province of
666:
642:), and the Rhône. This area covered most of the western part of the Roman province of
316:
80:
3748:
3539:
3120:
3061:
1950:
1689:
1685:
1489:
1467:
1424:
1407:
1385:
1363:
858:
710:
336:
319:, however, this is unlikely since the Gaulish form would have preserved the o-grade *
68:
3677:
3544:
3330:
2753:
2645:
1926:
1700:
1447:
1377:
1251:
854:
thereby establishing firm control over the western Gallic trade corridor along the
822:
in travelling through southern Gaul was greeted by warlike tribes: the Volcae, the
749:
702:
590:
549:
493:
423:
267:
780:
697:
107:
and the Trocmi, to settle in central Anatolia and establish a new identity as the
3549:
2065:
3782:
3740:
3512:
2713:
2193:
2030:
1945:
1875:
1727:
623:
199:
39:
59:. Tribes known by the name Volcae were found simultaneously in southern Gaul,
3766:
2933:
2327:
2115:
1411:
1223:
1218:
1187:
The Cévennes "formed a natural boundary between the Volcae Arecomici and the
959:
757:
470:
216:
147:
1451:
426:(Central Europe), neighbouring Germanic tribes designated them by the name *
3744:
3718:
3194:
2938:
2906:
2738:
2253:
2173:
1965:
1800:
1602:
1459:
729:
497:
438:
367:
104:
92:
3495:
612:
205:('hawk, rascal' > 'fighter'). In particular, the Gaulish personal name
3590:
3524:
3237:
3150:
2844:
2178:
2020:
1940:
1922:
1860:
1840:
1614:
1399:
855:
784:
674:
560:
furnished Gaulish elites with Baltic amber and Greek and Etruscan wares.
256:
1236:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 178.
724:
The territory of the Volcae Tectosages (Οὐόλκαι Τεκτόσαγες of Ptolemy's
635:
3612:
3463:
3453:
3443:
3350:
3345:
3247:
3135:
3115:
2988:
2901:
2824:
2535:
2405:
2395:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2345:
2335:
2311:
2268:
2248:
2148:
2120:
2035:
1970:
1934:
1930:
1883:
1865:
1845:
1760:
1620:
1271:"that people of the Volcae who are called Tectosages" (Strabo, IV.1.12
1254:, the Volcae had also possessions east of the Rhône" (Smith 1854); see
827:
804:
522:
415:
206:
115:
788:
473:
was convinced that the Volcae had originally been settled east of the
3708:
3639:
3629:
3619:
3556:
3529:
3485:
3405:
3212:
3160:
3155:
3145:
3130:
3110:
3003:
2896:
2854:
2829:
2809:
2766:
2668:
2635:
2630:
2595:
2585:
2540:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2505:
2480:
2465:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2355:
2307:
2263:
2198:
2090:
2075:
1995:
1990:
1780:
1775:
1755:
1745:
1710:
1404:
Gaulish Personal Names: A Study of Some Continental Celtic Formations
772:
383:
88:
1466:. University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh and Celtic Studies.
869:
576:
3752:
3682:
3607:
3500:
3480:
3475:
3420:
3390:
3380:
3320:
3270:
3262:
3217:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3125:
3105:
3097:
3087:
3082:
3069:
2983:
2953:
2943:
2878:
2873:
2862:
2849:
2839:
2776:
2703:
2673:
2625:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2565:
2555:
2510:
2470:
2400:
2380:
2360:
2340:
2298:
2293:
2283:
2273:
2258:
2153:
2105:
2085:
2040:
2015:
2010:
2005:
1985:
1960:
1903:
1790:
1785:
1765:
1750:
1740:
1247:
850:
846:
839:
831:
819:
815:
800:
792:
776:
741:
701:
Coin of the Volcae Tectosages, silver 3.58 g (0.126 oz).
662:
647:
608:
538:
502:
444:
363:
127:
76:
1169:"Capital" applied to Gallic tribes offers misleading expectations.
842:(Nîmes), resembling the urban centers of the Mediterranean world.
651:
616:
604:
311:
has been derived by some scholars from the PIE name of the wolf, *
3732:
3692:
3687:
3624:
3595:
3566:
3561:
3534:
3490:
3470:
3448:
3400:
3385:
3375:
3370:
3325:
3310:
3290:
3280:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3202:
3140:
2963:
2888:
2858:
2804:
2733:
2620:
2590:
2580:
2575:
2550:
2530:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2475:
2460:
2390:
2228:
2213:
2163:
2110:
2095:
2080:
2070:
2050:
2045:
2025:
2000:
1955:
1918:
1913:
1898:
1855:
1850:
1830:
1820:
1810:
1770:
1735:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1058:
983:
823:
808:
658:
627:
603:
ii), according to Strabo, dwelt on the western side of the lower
568:, in Asia Minor, where one of the tribes was called Tectosages."
565:
553:
543:
514:
187:
159:
108:
72:
60:
126:
says the Tectosagii came originally from the region near modern
3736:
3669:
3634:
3600:
3458:
3425:
3415:
3410:
3365:
3355:
3340:
3335:
3315:
3295:
3275:
2993:
2968:
2958:
2911:
2834:
2723:
2560:
2545:
2385:
2350:
2243:
2233:
2203:
2183:
2100:
2055:
1980:
1975:
1825:
1815:
1536:
1259:
1192:
1188:
975:
737:
580:
Map showing the relative position of the Volcae and Tectosages.
534:
450:
428:
155:
123:
100:
3056:
3581:
3505:
3395:
3360:
3285:
3252:
3207:
3185:
3017:
2998:
2868:
2430:
1893:
1795:
1705:
1656:
1577:
594:
478:
474:
300:
84:
48:
47:
tribal confederation constituted before the raid of combined
44:
622:
The Volcae Arecomici of their own accord surrendered to the
3747:. The Madeira and Azores islands were unoccupied until the
2814:
2238:
1835:
1651:
1255:
835:
768:
753:
530:
526:
518:
64:
1118:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1042:
481:
tribe which still remained in western Germany in his day (
1546:
1106:
1039:
693:
Tectosages coins, Southern France, 5th-1st century BC.
401:'mean, malicious'); he proposes that reflexes of PIE *
1094:
1082:
215:('hero, champion, warrior'), itself from an earlier
99:, ostensibly, from the Greek point of view, to raid
1354:
1142:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998: 163.
1064:
1027:
717:) or a line between the Hérault River and the Orb (
646:. They held their assemblies in the sacred wood of
466:
Caesar's ethnogenesis and migrations of the Volcae.
1070:
626:in 121 BC. They occupied the district between the
346:('bad, evil'). Delamarre finds it doubtful since *
79:. The Volcae appear to have been part of the late
198:('hawk, falcon'), which can be compared with the
55:c. 270 BC and fought the assembled Greeks at the
3764:
1139:Language and history in the early Germanic world
266:. The etymology of those forms remains obscure.
175:Most modern Celtologists regard the tribal name
541:to the east, this area of Celtic settlement in
323:-; he argues that descendants of Proto-Celtic *
477:, for he mentioned the Volcae Tectosages as a
304:designates both a sickle and a bird of prey.
3751:in the 15th century; the Canary islands, the
3042:
1562:
1310:. (London: Hachette Illustrated), 2004: 82-3.
496:, (which, I perceive, was known by report to
118:were a group of the Volcae who moved through
3755:occupied the territory until the Castilians.
1360:Celtic and Other Languages in Ancient Europe
1341:. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997: 236
3193:
898:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
3049:
3035:
1569:
1555:
950:. London: Hachette Illustrated, 2004: 204.
513:; yet, Volcae of his time were settled in
227:- can also be found in the personal names
1480:
1418:
1376:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1112:
1052:
1013:
918:Learn how and when to remove this message
1222:
696:
688:
673:) or a line between the Hérault and the
665:; the territories were separated by the
575:
492:which are the most fruitful around the
461:
409:(from a 9th-century poem) and Old Welsh
1524:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography
1486:Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic
457:
422:After Volcae Tectosages settled in the
14:
3765:
1437:
1362:. Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca.
1198:
1088:
3030:
1598:Celtic settlement of Southeast Europe
1550:
1398:
1033:
38:
1458:
1124:
1100:
1076:
896:adding citations to reliable sources
863:
684:
584:
211:has an exact parallel in the Welsh
24:
1504:
1007:
845:In 107, the Volcae, allies of the
607:, with their metropolis at Narbo (
223:('battle-hawk'). The Gaulish stem
25:
3809:
1530:
571:
97:famous excursion into the Balkans
1630:
1535:
1210:
868:
286:('hook, sickle') – from a stem *
1331:
1322:
1313:
1308:Celts: History and Civilization
1300:
1287:
1278:
1265:
1240:
1181:
1172:
1163:
1154:
1145:
1130:
948:Celts: History and Civilization
270:has proposed to derive Gaulish
57:Battle of Thermopylae in 279 BC
993:
969:
953:
940:
382:-, which may be compared with
13:
1:
1419:Falileyev, Alexander (2010).
1356:de Bernardo Stempel, Patrizia
1347:
732:of the Volcae Tectosages was
3793:Military history of Toulouse
964:Commentarii de Bello Gallico
397:-; cf. the Finnish loanword
7:
1195:" to the east (Smith 1854).
405:('wolf') include Old Irish
27:Gallic tribal confederation
10:
3814:
767:, their inland towns were
709:West of the Arecomici the
595:
533:river to the west and the
529:in the upper basin of the
432:, a loanword from Gaulish
374:from a Proto-Celtic form *
3773:Historical Celtic peoples
3743:were not occupied by the
3729:
3701:
3668:
3652:
3579:
3434:
3261:
3184:
3096:
3068:
3012:
2924:
2887:
2795:
2752:
2644:
2326:
2129:
1874:
1726:
1719:
1639:
1628:
1584:
1576:
122:into Anatolia c. 277 BC.
3798:Tribes conquered by Rome
3778:Tribes in pre-Roman Gaul
1510:John King, Celt Kingdoms
1065:de Bernardo Stempel 2008
934:
746:Quintus Servilius Caepio
307:Alternatively, the name
81:La Tène material culture
1452:10.3406/ecelt.2012.2352
1233:Encyclopædia Britannica
763:According to Ptolemy's
552:from the North and the
335:'wolf') rather include
290:-, itself based on the
133:
1127:, pp. 96–98, 140.
988:Geōgraphikḕ Hyphḗgēsis
803:instead. As a result,
706:
694:
581:
507:
467:
389:(from Proto-Germanic *
362:in Gaulish (after the
158:(early 1st c. AD) and
138:They are mentioned as
3306:Celtici Supertamarici
3301:Celtici Praestamarici
1609:First Transalpine War
1544:at Wikimedia Commons
1518:at Lacus Curtius site
752:with the conquest of
736:(Toulouse). When the
700:
692:
650:, the site of modern
579:
489:
465:
393:- < Pre-Germanic *
358:) in Old Irish and **
186:) as stemming from a
1001:Tabula Peutingeriana
892:improve this section
458:Volcae of the Danube
169:Tabula Peutingeriana
162:(2nd c. AD), and as
150:(mid-1st c. BC), as
36:Latin pronunciation:
1667:Gallo-Roman culture
1592:Battle of the Allia
1406:. Clarendon Press.
350:would have given **
292:Proto-Indo-European
3660:Germani (Oretania)
2949:Basel-Münsterhügel
1306:Kruta, Venceslas.
946:Kruta, Venceslas.
849:, a branch of the
707:
695:
644:Gallia Narbonensis
582:
468:
370:derives Old Irish
327:('bad, evil' <
40:[ˈwɔɫkae̯]
3760:
3759:
3653:Germanic peoples?
3575:
3574:
3062:Iberian Peninsula
3058:Pre-Roman peoples
3024:
3023:
2920:
2919:
1951:Bituriges Vivisci
1540:Media related to
1378:Delamarre, Xavier
1339:The Ancient Celts
1337:Cunliffe, Barry.
1284:Howorth 1908:432.
1252:invasion of Italy
1151:Howorth 1908:431.
1103:, pp. 96–98.
1022:Volcae Tectosages
928:
927:
920:
861:and the Garonne.
711:Volcae Tectosages
685:Volcae Tectosages
596:Οὐόλκαι Ἀρικόμιοι
330:
182:
69:Iberian Peninsula
18:Volcae Tectosages
16:(Redirected from
3805:
3640:Turdetani Proper
3191:
3190:
3051:
3044:
3037:
3028:
3027:
1724:
1723:
1634:
1571:
1564:
1557:
1548:
1547:
1539:
1499:
1482:Matasović, Ranko
1477:
1455:
1440:Études celtiques
1434:
1415:
1395:
1373:
1342:
1335:
1329:
1326:
1320:
1317:
1311:
1304:
1298:
1291:
1285:
1282:
1276:
1269:
1263:
1246:"At the time of
1244:
1238:
1237:
1216:
1214:
1213:
1207:
1196:
1185:
1179:
1176:
1170:
1167:
1161:
1158:
1152:
1149:
1143:
1134:
1128:
1122:
1116:
1110:
1104:
1098:
1092:
1086:
1080:
1074:
1068:
1062:
1056:
1050:
1037:
1031:
1025:
1018:Volcae Arecomici
1011:
1005:
997:
991:
973:
967:
966:, 7:7:4, 1:35:4.
957:
951:
944:
923:
916:
912:
909:
903:
872:
864:
750:Gallia Aquitania
703:Monnaie de Paris
598:
597:
591:Volcae Arecomici
585:Volcae Arecomici
550:Germanic peoples
511:České Středohoří
494:Hercynian forest
424:Hercynian forest
328:
274:alongside Latin
268:Xavier Delamarre
180:
42:
37:
21:
3813:
3812:
3808:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3802:
3788:Ancient Galatia
3763:
3762:
3761:
3756:
3725:
3702:Semitic peoples
3697:
3664:
3648:
3571:
3436:
3430:
3257:
3180:
3092:
3064:
3055:
3025:
3020:
3008:
2926:
2916:
2883:
2791:
2748:
2640:
2322:
2125:
1870:
1715:
1696:La Tène culture
1635:
1626:
1580:
1575:
1533:
1522:William Smith,
1507:
1505:Further reading
1502:
1496:
1474:
1431:
1400:Evans, D. Ellis
1392:
1370:
1350:
1345:
1336:
1332:
1328:Kruta 2004:108.
1327:
1323:
1318:
1314:
1305:
1301:
1292:
1288:
1283:
1279:
1270:
1266:
1245:
1241:
1226:, ed. (1911). "
1211:
1209:
1208:
1199:
1186:
1182:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1164:
1160:Strabo, IV.1.12
1159:
1155:
1150:
1146:
1135:
1131:
1123:
1119:
1111:
1107:
1099:
1095:
1087:
1083:
1075:
1071:
1063:
1059:
1051:
1040:
1032:
1028:
1012:
1008:
998:
994:
974:
970:
958:
954:
945:
941:
937:
924:
913:
907:
904:
889:
873:
687:
587:
574:
556:from the East.
460:
413:(from the poem
317:Ranko Matasović
315:. According to
278:('falcon') and
172:(4–5th c. AD).
136:
93:ethnic entities
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3811:
3801:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3758:
3757:
3741:Canary Islands
3730:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3723:
3722:
3721:
3711:
3705:
3703:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3674:
3672:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3662:
3656:
3654:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3646:
3645:
3644:
3643:
3642:
3637:
3627:
3617:
3616:
3615:
3605:
3604:
3603:
3598:
3587:
3585:
3577:
3576:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3553:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3521:
3520:
3510:
3509:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3440:
3438:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3267:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3199:
3197:
3188:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3102:
3100:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3085:
3079:
3077:
3066:
3065:
3054:
3053:
3046:
3039:
3031:
3022:
3021:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2930:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2893:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2801:
2799:
2797:Eastern Europe
2793:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2758:
2756:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2650:
2648:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2332:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2315:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2135:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1946:Bituriges Cubi
1943:
1938:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1880:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1732:
1730:
1721:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1643:
1641:
1637:
1636:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1624:
1623:(50 BC–476 AD)
1618:
1612:
1606:
1600:
1595:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1581:
1574:
1573:
1566:
1559:
1551:
1532:
1531:External links
1529:
1528:
1527:
1520:
1511:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1494:
1478:
1472:
1456:
1446:(1): 165–173.
1435:
1430:978-0955718236
1429:
1416:
1396:
1390:
1374:
1369:978-8478003358
1368:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1343:
1330:
1321:
1319:Kruta 2004:99.
1312:
1299:
1286:
1277:
1264:
1239:
1224:Chisholm, Hugh
1197:
1180:
1171:
1162:
1153:
1144:
1129:
1117:
1115:, p. 400.
1113:Matasović 2009
1105:
1093:
1091:, p. 166.
1081:
1079:, p. 151.
1069:
1067:, p. 103.
1057:
1055:, p. 327.
1053:Delamarre 2003
1038:
1036:, p. 292.
1026:
1014:Falileyev 2010
1006:
992:
968:
952:
938:
936:
933:
926:
925:
876:
874:
867:
777:Tolosa colonia
686:
683:
624:Roman Republic
586:
583:
573:
572:Volcae of Gaul
570:
517:, east of the
459:
456:
366:sound shift).
342:and Old Irish
135:
132:
67:valley of the
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3810:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3754:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3728:
3720:
3717:
3716:
3715:
3714:Carthaginians
3712:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3700:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3671:
3667:
3661:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3651:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3621:
3618:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3609:
3606:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3592:
3589:
3588:
3586:
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3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3537:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3514:
3513:Eastern Celts
3511:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3496:Mirobrigenses
3494:
3493:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3433:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3264:
3260:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3183:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3095:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3074:Proto-Basques
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3052:
3047:
3045:
3040:
3038:
3033:
3032:
3029:
3019:
3016:
3011:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2923:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2886:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2794:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2751:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2643:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
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2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
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2542:
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2537:
2534:
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2529:
2527:
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2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
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2489:
2487:
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2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2219:Longostaletes
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
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2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
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1962:
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1525:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1497:
1495:9789004173361
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1473:9781907029325
1469:
1465:
1461:
1460:Koch, John T.
1457:
1453:
1449:
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1391:9782877723695
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1234:
1229:
1225:
1220:
1219:public domain
1206:
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1184:
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1148:
1141:
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1136:Green, D. H.
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908:December 2018
901:
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882:
877:This section
875:
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865:
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837:
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829:
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796:
794:
793:Narbo colonia
790:
786:
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770:
766:
761:
759:
758:Julius Caesar
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
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704:
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682:
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676:
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649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
620:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
599:of Ptolemy's
592:
578:
569:
567:
561:
557:
555:
551:
546:
545:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
523:metallurgical
520:
516:
512:
506:
504:
499:
495:
488:
486:
485:
480:
476:
472:
471:Julius Caesar
464:
455:
453:
452:
447:
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441:
440:
435:
431:
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418:
417:
412:
408:
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396:
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388:
385:
381:
377:
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369:
365:
361:
357:
354:(rather than
353:
349:
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341:
338:
334:
326:
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314:
310:
305:
303:
302:
297:
293:
289:
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277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
217:Old Brittonic
214:
210:
209:
204:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
178:
173:
171:
170:
165:
161:
157:
154:(Οὐόλκαι) by
153:
149:
145:
141:
131:
130:, in France.
129:
125:
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117:
112:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
51:that invaded
50:
46:
41:
33:
19:
3517:
3435:Other Celtic
3195:Celtiberians
3014:
2939:Argentomagus
2907:Tolistobogii
2739:Vertamocorii
2303:
2289:Vertamocorii
2254:Segovellauni
2174:Budenicenses
1966:Coriosolites
1801:Mediomatrici
1611:(125–121 BC)
1603:Galatian War
1594:(ca. 387 BC)
1534:
1523:
1515:
1485:
1463:
1443:
1439:
1420:
1403:
1381:
1359:
1338:
1333:
1324:
1315:
1307:
1302:
1289:
1280:
1273:on-line text
1267:
1258:xxi. 26 and
1242:
1231:
1183:
1174:
1165:
1156:
1147:
1137:
1132:
1120:
1108:
1096:
1084:
1072:
1060:
1029:
1021:
1017:
1009:
999:
995:
987:
979:
971:
963:
955:
947:
942:
929:
914:
905:
890:Please help
878:
844:
816:Carthaginian
813:
797:
764:
762:
733:
730:capital city
725:
723:
718:
714:
708:
678:
670:
656:
640:Cebenna mons
639:
631:
621:
600:
588:
562:
558:
542:
508:
498:Eratosthenes
490:
482:
469:
449:
443:
437:
433:
427:
421:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
379:
375:
371:
368:John T. Koch
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
332:
324:
320:
312:
308:
306:
299:
295:
294:(PIE) root *
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
263:
259:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
221:katu-wealkos
220:
212:
207:
202:
195:
191:
183:
176:
174:
167:
163:
151:
143:
139:
137:
113:
105:Tolistobogii
31:
29:
3709:Phoenicians
3591:Lusitanians
3525:Oestriminis
3238:Pellendones
3151:Ilercavones
2927:settlements
2845:Hercuniates
2694:Gallianates
2684:Bromanenses
2179:Camactulici
2131:Narbonensis
2021:Nitiobroges
1941:Bodiocasses
1923:Brannovices
1861:Veliocasses
1841:Silvanectes
1615:Gallic Wars
1384:. Errance.
1089:Hughes 2012
980:Geōgraphiká
856:Carcassonne
505:in prowess.
257:Old English
208:Catu-uolcos
3767:Categories
3749:Portuguese
3613:Bletonesii
3464:Suessetani
3454:Autrigones
3444:Allotriges
3351:Lapatianci
3346:Interamici
3248:Turboletae
3136:Contestani
3121:Castellani
3116:Bergistani
2989:Magetobria
2902:Tectosages
2825:Cornacates
2820:Britolagai
2772:Lactorates
2744:Votodrones
2719:Montunates
2699:Gennanates
2536:Savincates
2456:Cosuanetes
2406:Bodiontici
2396:Benacenses
2376:Ausuciates
2371:Aneuniates
2366:Ambisontes
2346:Adunicates
2336:Acitavones
2318:Vulgientes
2312:Tectosages
2269:Tricastini
2249:Segobrigii
2149:Allobroges
2139:Agesinates
2121:Viducasses
2036:Petrocorii
1971:Durocasses
1935:Eburovices
1931:Diablintes
1884:Abrincatui
1866:Viromandui
1846:Suessiones
1761:Caeracates
1621:Roman Gaul
1617:(58–50 BC)
1348:References
1034:Evans 1967
982:, 4:1:12;
830:, and the
828:Allobroges
805:Tectosages
484:Gallic War
416:Y Gododdin
116:Tectosagii
3630:Turdetani
3620:Tartessos
3557:Turmodigi
3530:Plentauri
3486:Carpetani
3406:Quaquerni
3213:Cratistii
3161:Indigetes
3156:Ilergetes
3146:Indigetes
3131:Cessetani
3111:Bastetani
3004:Vertillum
2979:Entremont
2925:Pre-Roman
2897:Aigosages
2855:Scordisci
2830:Costoboci
2810:Arabiates
2782:Tarusates
2767:Cocosates
2754:Aquitania
2729:Subinates
2669:Arusnates
2664:Anesiates
2646:Cisalpina
2636:Vindelici
2631:Vesubiani
2596:Vediantii
2586:Triulatti
2541:Sebaginni
2526:Rucinates
2521:Quariates
2516:Nemeturii
2506:Nantuates
2481:Graioceli
2466:Eguiturii
2451:Ceutrones
2446:Caturiges
2441:Catubrini
2436:Catenates
2426:Calucones
2421:Brixentes
2416:Brigianii
2411:Brigantii
2356:Ambidravi
2308:Arecomici
2264:Tolosates
2199:Dexivates
2091:Tricasses
2076:Segusiavi
1996:Lemovices
1991:Latobrigi
1889:Ambiliati
1781:Catalauni
1776:Catuslugi
1756:Bellovaci
1746:Atrebates
1711:Vergobret
1686:Cisalpine
1516:Geography
1514:Ptolemy,
1488:. Brill.
1412:468437906
1295:Illiberis
1125:Koch 2020
1101:Koch 2020
1077:Koch 2020
990:, 2:10:6.
879:does not
769:Illiberis
765:Geography
726:Geography
601:Geography
384:Old Norse
245:Uolcacius
241:Uolcinius
233:Uolcenius
120:Macedonia
109:Galatians
89:onomastic
53:Macedonia
43:) were a
3753:Guanches
3683:Aeolians
3678:Achaeans
3635:Mastieni
3608:Vettones
3584:peoples?
3545:Oppidani
3481:Caristii
3476:Cantabri
3421:Tamagani
3391:Nemetati
3381:Namarini
3331:Gallaeci
3321:Coelerni
3271:Albiones
3263:Gallaeci
3218:Lobetani
3176:Sedetani
3171:Laietani
3166:Lacetani
3126:Ceretani
3106:Ausetani
3098:Iberians
3088:Vascones
3083:Iacetani
3070:Aquitani
3015:Part of:
2984:Gergovia
2974:Ensérune
2954:Bibracte
2944:Avaricum
2879:Varciani
2874:Taurisci
2863:Celegeri
2850:Latobici
2840:Eravisci
2777:Sotiates
2704:Insubres
2689:Cenomani
2674:Bagienni
2654:Anamares
2626:Vergunni
2616:Vennones
2611:Venostes
2606:Venisami
2601:Velaunii
2571:Suanetes
2566:Sogionti
2556:Segusini
2511:Nemaloni
2471:Gallitae
2401:Bergalei
2381:Avantici
2361:Ambilici
2341:Adanates
2299:Vocontii
2294:Verucini
2284:Tritolli
2279:Tricorii
2274:Tricores
2259:Suelteri
2189:Cenomani
2154:Anatilii
2106:Vellavii
2086:Tigurini
2041:Pictones
2016:Namnetes
2011:Mandubii
2006:Lingones
1986:Helvetii
1961:Carnutes
1927:Cenomani
1904:Andecavi
1791:Eburones
1786:Condrusi
1766:Caeroesi
1751:Atuatuci
1741:Aresaces
1701:Religion
1690:Galatian
1682:Language
1647:Ambactus
1605:(189 BC)
1484:(2009).
1462:(2020).
1423:. CMCS.
1402:(1967).
1380:(2003).
1248:Hannibal
851:Helvetii
847:Tigurini
840:Nemausus
832:Gaesatae
820:Hannibal
801:Bosporus
789:Baetirae
742:Teutones
663:Aquitani
648:Nemausus
636:Cévennes
613:Nemausus
609:Narbonne
539:Slovakia
364:P-Celtic
337:Lepontic
272:uolcos –
264:*wealkos
253:Uolcanus
249:Uolciani
237:Uolcenia
213:cadwalch
152:Ou̓ólkai
144:Volcarum
128:Toulouse
83:, and a
77:Anatolia
3733:Madeira
3693:Ionians
3688:Dorians
3625:Cynetes
3596:Paesuri
3567:Varduli
3562:Vaccaei
3550:Veteres
3540:Bardili
3535:Turduli
3491:Celtici
3471:Berones
3449:Astures
3437:peoples
3401:Poemani
3386:Narbasi
3376:Luanqui
3371:Louguei
3326:Equaesi
3311:Cibarci
3291:Bracari
3281:Artabri
3233:Oretani
3228:Olcades
3223:Lusones
3203:Arevaci
3141:Edetani
3060:of the
2964:Cenabum
2889:Galatia
2859:Dindari
2805:Anartes
2787:Vasates
2734:Taurini
2709:Libicii
2621:Veragri
2591:Ucennii
2581:Tebavii
2576:Suetrii
2551:Segovii
2531:Salassi
2501:Medulli
2496:Licates
2491:Ingauni
2486:Iemerii
2476:Genauni
2461:Ecdinii
2391:Belouni
2229:Nearchi
2214:Ligauni
2209:Libicii
2169:Bormani
2164:Avatici
2159:Atacini
2111:Venelli
2096:Tulingi
2081:Sequani
2071:Senones
2066:Santoni
2051:Redones
2046:Rauraci
2031:Parisii
2026:Osismii
2001:Lexovii
1956:Cadurci
1919:Aulerci
1914:Arverni
1899:Ambarri
1876:Celtica
1856:Triboci
1851:Treveri
1831:Paemani
1821:Nemetes
1811:Menapii
1771:Caletes
1736:Ambiani
1728:Belgica
1720:Peoples
1677:Oppidum
1672:Nemeton
1662:Eubages
1640:Culture
1585:History
1221::
1016:, s.v.
984:Ptolemy
900:removed
885:sources
824:Arverni
809:Galatia
785:Carcaso
781:Cessero
773:Ruscino
715:Arauris
671:Arauris
667:Hérault
659:Ligures
634:), the
632:Garumna
628:Garonne
566:Galatia
554:Dacians
515:Moravia
503:Germans
487:6.24):
479:Gaulish
288:ǵhwol-k
229:Uolcius
188:Gaulish
166:on the
160:Ptolemy
73:Galatia
61:Moravia
3745:Romans
3739:, and
3737:Azores
3719:Punics
3670:Greeks
3601:Tapoli
3582:Celtic
3518:Volcae
3459:Belgae
3426:Turodi
3416:Seurri
3411:Seurbi
3366:Limici
3356:Lemavi
3341:Iadovi
3336:Grovii
3316:Cileni
3296:Capori
3276:Arroni
2994:Noreia
2969:Cularo
2959:Bibrax
2934:Alesia
2912:Trocmi
2835:Gotini
2724:Orobii
2714:Marici
2659:Anauni
2561:Sentii
2546:Seduni
2386:Belaci
2351:Alauni
2328:Alpina
2304:Volcae
2244:Salyes
2234:Oxybii
2224:Memini
2204:Helvii
2194:Comani
2184:Cavari
2144:Albici
2116:Veneti
2101:Turoni
2056:Ruteni
1981:Gabali
1976:Esuvii
1909:Arouii
1826:Nervii
1816:Morini
1542:Volcae
1526:(1854)
1492:
1470:
1427:
1410:
1388:
1366:
1260:Strabo
1228:Volcae
1215:
1193:Ruteni
1189:Gabali
1004:, x:x.
976:Strabo
960:Caesar
826:, the
791:, and
738:Cimbri
734:Tolosa
544:oppida
535:Cotini
451:Vlachs
434:uolcos
429:walhaz
411:gueilc
403:wḷkʷos
360:ulipos
348:wḷkʷos
333:wḷkʷos
325:ulkʷos
321:wolkʷo
313:wḷkʷos
309:Uolcae
296:ǵʷhel-
284:falcis
255:. The
251:, and
203:gwalch
192:uolcos
184:Uolcos
177:Uolcae
156:Strabo
148:Caesar
140:Volcis
124:Strabo
101:Delphi
85:Celtic
71:, and
63:, the
45:Gallic
32:Volcae
3783:Gauls
3580:Para-
3506:Sefes
3396:Nerii
3361:Leuni
3286:Baedi
3253:Uraci
3243:Titii
3208:Belli
3186:Celts
3018:Celts
2999:Tylis
2869:Serdi
2431:Carni
2061:Sagii
1894:Aedui
1806:Meldi
1796:Leuci
1706:Vātes
1657:Druid
1578:Gauls
1262:203).
935:Notes
719:Orbis
679:Orbis
652:Nîmes
617:Nîmes
605:Rhône
475:Rhine
445:Waals
439:Welsh
419:).
407:foilc
399:elkiä
395:elkyo
391:elhja
378:- ~ *
352:flech
340:Ulkos
301:harpē
276:falcō
260:wealc
200:Welsh
196:uolca
190:noun
181:sing.
164:Volce
49:Gauls
3731:The
3501:Ophi
2861:and
2815:Boii
2762:Boii
2679:Boii
2310:and
2239:Reii
1836:Remi
1652:Bard
1490:ISBN
1468:ISBN
1425:ISBN
1408:OCLC
1386:ISBN
1364:ISBN
1256:Livy
1191:and
1020:and
883:any
881:cite
836:Gaul
754:Gaul
740:and
589:The
531:Elbe
527:Boii
519:Boii
387:illr
380:olko
376:elko
280:falx
225:uolc
142:and
134:Name
114:The
65:Ebro
30:The
1448:doi
1250:'s
1230:".
894:by
859:Gap
811:".
756:by
681:).
675:Orb
619:).
537:in
454:).
372:olc
356:olc
344:olc
329:PIE
146:by
75:in
3769::
3735:,
1933:,
1929:,
1925:,
1688:,
1444:38
1442:.
1275:).
1200:^
1041:^
986:.
978:.
962:.
795:.
787:,
783:,
779:,
775:,
771:,
654:.
448:,
442:,
282:,
247:,
243:,
239:,
235:,
231:,
194:,
111:.
3076:)
3072:(
3050:e
3043:t
3036:v
2865:)
2857:(
2314:)
2306:(
1937:)
1921:(
1692:)
1684:(
1570:e
1563:t
1556:v
1498:.
1476:.
1454:.
1450::
1433:.
1414:.
1394:.
1372:.
1297:.
1024:.
921:)
915:(
910:)
906:(
902:.
888:.
705:.
677:(
669:(
638:(
630:(
615:(
593:(
331:*
219:*
179:(
34:(
20:)
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