602:
1167:
1224:
208:
681:„In making a comprehensive survey of the Gypsy dialects of the whole Balkan Peninsula one would probably begin by distinguishing two great divisions — (1) the non-Vlach Dialects; (2) the Vlach Dialects.“
796:
1265:
617:
Norbert
Boretzky and Birgit Igla. Kommentierter Dialektatlas des Romani. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag 2004. Teil 1: Vergleich der Dialekte.
1289:
255:
was coined by
British scholar Bernard Gilliat-Smith in his 1915 study on Bulgarian Romani, in which he first divided Romani dialects into
849:
1324:
1086:
1208:
783:
1359:
1258:
762:
656:
1128:
1314:
1070:
842:
807:
1304:
1294:
1284:
1309:
1299:
1251:
1133:
194:
1344:
1339:
263:. The Vlax Roma, a subgroup of the Romani people that speak the Vlax Romani language, originate from the
728:
239:. Vlax Romani is the second most widely spoken dialect subgroup of the Romani language worldwide, after
1334:
1329:
1319:
648:
1201:
941:
835:
601:
903:
1039:
83:
1023:
642:
88:
35:
1239:
1182:
1354:
1044:
1034:
1017:
922:
911:
324:
ElšĂk uses this classification and dialect examples (geographical information from Matras):
1231:
1194:
1000:
93:
866:
235:. Vlax Romani can also be referred to as an independent language or as one dialect of the
220:
8:
228:
888:
709:
627:
558:
264:
186:
1029:
962:
779:
758:
652:
299:
1065:
701:
1012:
679:
New series, volume 9, 1915/1916, p. 1 ff. and 65 ff., especially p. 65:
1102:
1006:
883:
858:
570:
292:
236:
224:
101:
75:
199:
1235:
1178:
1148:
893:
288:
589:
275:(with the name "Vlax", which comes from "Vlach", coming from the latter), now
1349:
1278:
1223:
1174:
1112:
1049:
957:
875:
313:
Vlax Romani is classified in two groups: Vlax I, or
Northern Vlax (including
240:
232:
1166:
978:
916:
566:
562:
542:
170:
992:
594:
512:
298:– ultimately from Sanskrit word ḍoma/डोम, and the latter deriving from
207:
713:
827:
314:
272:
179:
163:
705:
268:
497:
482:
276:
141:
137:
51:
47:
39:
318:
149:
145:
55:
43:
565:
with several additional characters. In the area of the former
1107:
692:Hancock, Ian (1997). "A Glossary of Romani Terms".
673:Report on the Gypsy Tribes of North-East Bulgaria.
528:(Xoraxane translates as "Muslims" in the dialect)
1276:
729:"Dialect variation in Romani personal pronouns"
746:
1259:
1202:
843:
227:. Vlax Romani varieties are spoken mainly in
640:
16:Romani dialect group of southeastern Europe
1266:
1252:
1209:
1195:
850:
836:
774:Hansen, Björn; de Haan, Ferdinand (2009).
752:
613:
611:
206:
757:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
620:
569:, however, it can also be written in the
671:Bernard Gilliath-Smith as „Petulengro“:
694:The American Journal of Comparative Law
691:
634:
608:
1277:
1087:Institute for the Languages of Finland
857:
831:
726:
1218:
1161:
58:; scattered in numerous other states
1290:Languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina
13:
677:Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society.
583:
552:
321:), and Vlax II, or Southern Vlax.
14:
1371:
776:Modals in the Languages of Europe
755:Romani: A Linguistic Introduction
644:Romani: A Linguistic Introduction
557:Vlax Romani is written using the
308:
1325:Romani in Bosnia and Herzegovina
1222:
1165:
600:
797:"Journey of Besieged Languages"
789:
768:
720:
685:
665:
1:
778:. Walter de Gruyter: p. 307
576:
1238:. You can help Knowledge by
1181:. You can help Knowledge by
1134:World Day of Romani Language
7:
291:, the former deriving from
10:
1376:
1217:
1160:
649:Cambridge University Press
561:, predominantly using the
1360:Indo-Aryan language stubs
1142:
1121:
1095:
1079:
1058:
991:
971:
950:
932:
902:
874:
865:
368:
361:
335:
332:
329:
305:– ultimately from Latin.
267:in the principalities of
205:
193:
177:
161:
156:
128:
123:
72:
62:
31:
26:
21:
68:538,480 (2002–2014)
246:
1177:-related article is a
753:Matras, Yaron (2002).
727:ElšĂk, Viktor (1999).
1315:Languages of Slovenia
804:ilholocaustmuseum.org
641:Yaron Matras (2002).
1305:Languages of Romania
1295:Languages of Hungary
1285:Languages of Albania
1232:Indo-Aryan languages
251:The language's name
1310:Languages of Serbia
1300:Languages of Israel
1230:This article about
229:Southeastern Europe
130:Recognised minority
1345:Dialects of Romani
1340:Romani in Slovenia
1071:Bible translations
859:Romani language(s)
559:Romani orthography
496:Serbia and Bosnia
265:former Roma slaves
1335:Romani in Romania
1330:Romani in Moldova
1320:Romani in Albania
1247:
1246:
1190:
1189:
1155:
1154:
1149:extinct languages
987:
986:
963:Carpathian Romani
784:978-3-11-021920-3
598:(19th ed., 2016)
550:
549:
546:
529:
523:Italian Xoraxane
516:
511:(named after the
486:
481:(named after the
433:Russian Kalderaš
423:Italian Kalderaš
413:Serbian Kalderaš
403:Norwegian Lovari
369:Hungarian Lovari
214:
213:
1367:
1268:
1261:
1254:
1226:
1219:
1211:
1204:
1197:
1169:
1162:
942:Kalderash Romani
889:SepeÄŤides Romani
872:
871:
867:Romani varieties
852:
845:
838:
829:
828:
822:
821:
819:
818:
812:
806:. Archived from
801:
793:
787:
772:
766:
765:
750:
744:
743:
741:
739:
733:
724:
718:
717:
689:
683:
669:
663:
662:
638:
632:
631:
624:
618:
615:
606:
605:
604:
587:
540:
527:
510:
480:
443:Taikon Kalderaš
383:Austrian Lovari
327:
326:
210:
189:
173:
166:
132:language in
78:
19:
18:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1216:
1215:
1158:
1156:
1151:
1138:
1129:Standardization
1117:
1103:Khrlo e Romengo
1091:
1075:
1054:
1007:Bohemian Romani
993:Mixed varieties
983:
972:Proto-languages
967:
946:
928:
904:Northern Romani
898:
884:Rumelian Romani
861:
856:
826:
825:
816:
814:
810:
799:
795:
794:
790:
773:
769:
751:
747:
737:
735:
731:
725:
721:
690:
686:
670:
666:
659:
651:. p. 219.
639:
635:
626:
625:
621:
616:
609:
599:
588:
584:
579:
571:Cyrillic script
555:
553:Writing systems
541:(named after a
311:
249:
237:Romani language
225:Romani language
185:
169:
162:
152:
133:
131:
124:Official status
119:
79:
76:Language family
74:
65:
64:Native speakers
17:
12:
11:
5:
1373:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1271:
1270:
1263:
1256:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1227:
1214:
1213:
1206:
1199:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1170:
1153:
1152:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1136:
1131:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1089:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1073:
1068:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1040:Romano-Serbian
1037:
1032:
1027:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1003:
997:
995:
989:
988:
985:
984:
982:
981:
975:
973:
969:
968:
966:
965:
960:
954:
952:
948:
947:
945:
944:
938:
936:
930:
929:
927:
926:
919:
914:
908:
906:
900:
899:
897:
896:
894:Zargari Romani
891:
886:
880:
878:
869:
863:
862:
855:
854:
847:
840:
832:
824:
823:
788:
767:
745:
719:
706:10.2307/840853
700:(2): 329–344.
684:
664:
657:
633:
628:"Romani, Vlax"
619:
607:
581:
580:
578:
575:
563:Latin alphabet
554:
551:
548:
547:
537:
534:
531:
530:
524:
521:
518:
517:
507:
504:
501:
500:
494:
491:
488:
487:
477:
474:
471:
470:
467:
464:
458:
457:
454:
453:American Vlax
451:
448:
447:
444:
441:
438:
437:
434:
431:
428:
427:
424:
421:
418:
417:
414:
411:
408:
407:
404:
401:
398:
397:
394:
393:Polish Lovari
391:
388:
387:
384:
381:
378:
377:
374:
371:
370:
367:
364:
363:
360:
357:
351:
350:
347:
344:
342:Ukrainian Vlax
338:
337:
334:
331:
310:
309:Classification
307:
289:false cognates
248:
245:
212:
211:
203:
202:
197:
191:
190:
183:
175:
174:
167:
159:
158:
157:Language codes
154:
153:
136:
134:
129:
126:
125:
121:
120:
118:
117:
116:
115:
114:
113:
112:
111:
110:
109:
82:
80:
73:
70:
69:
66:
63:
60:
59:
33:
32:Native to
29:
28:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1372:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1269:
1264:
1262:
1257:
1255:
1250:
1249:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1228:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1212:
1207:
1205:
1200:
1198:
1193:
1192:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1168:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1114:
1113:Sutka City TV
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1080:Organizations
1078:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1051:
1050:Scottish Cant
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1025:
1024:Laiuse Romani
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1008:
1004:
1002:
999:
998:
996:
994:
990:
980:
977:
976:
974:
970:
964:
961:
959:
958:Baltic Romani
956:
955:
953:
949:
943:
940:
939:
937:
935:
931:
925:
924:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
909:
907:
905:
901:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
881:
879:
877:
876:Balkan Romani
873:
870:
868:
864:
860:
853:
848:
846:
841:
839:
834:
833:
830:
813:on 2018-03-16
809:
805:
798:
792:
785:
781:
777:
771:
764:
763:0-521-02330-0
760:
756:
749:
730:
723:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
688:
682:
678:
674:
668:
660:
658:9781139433242
654:
650:
646:
645:
637:
629:
623:
614:
612:
603:
597:
596:
591:
586:
582:
574:
572:
568:
564:
560:
544:
538:
536:Ajia Varvara
535:
533:
532:
525:
522:
520:
519:
514:
508:
505:
503:
502:
499:
495:
492:
490:
489:
484:
478:
475:
473:
472:
468:
465:
463:
462:Southern Vlax
460:
459:
455:
452:
450:
449:
445:
442:
440:
439:
435:
432:
430:
429:
425:
422:
420:
419:
415:
412:
410:
409:
405:
402:
400:
399:
395:
392:
390:
389:
385:
382:
380:
379:
375:
373:
372:
366:
365:
358:
356:
355:Northern Vlax
353:
352:
348:
345:
343:
340:
339:
328:
325:
322:
320:
316:
306:
304:
301:
297:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
244:
242:
241:Balkan Romani
238:
234:
233:Romani people
230:
226:
223:group of the
222:
218:
209:
204:
201:
198:
196:
192:
188:
184:
182:
181:
176:
172:
168:
165:
160:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
127:
122:
108:
105:
104:
103:
100:
99:
97:
96:
95:
92:
91:
90:
87:
86:
85:
84:Indo-European
81:
77:
71:
67:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
34:
30:
25:
20:
1355:Romani stubs
1240:expanding it
1229:
1183:expanding it
1172:
1157:
1144:
1045:Scandoromani
1035:Romano-Greek
1022:
1018:Erromintxela
1005:
979:Early Romani
933:
923:Welsh Romani
921:
917:Sinte Romani
912:Finnish Kalo
815:. Retrieved
808:the original
803:
791:
775:
770:
754:
748:
738:17 September
736:. Retrieved
722:
697:
693:
687:
680:
676:
672:
667:
643:
636:
622:
593:
585:
567:Soviet Union
556:
461:
354:
341:
323:
312:
302:
295:
284:
280:
279:. The words
260:
256:
252:
250:
216:
215:
178:
106:
98:Western Zone
89:Indo-Iranian
1001:Angloromani
934:Vlax Romani
734:. p. 2
590:Vlax Romani
466:Vallachian
253:Vlax Romani
217:Vlax Romani
200:Vlax Romani
107:Vlax Romani
27:romani shib
22:Vlax Romani
1279:Categories
817:2018-03-15
595:Ethnologue
577:References
545:of Athens)
330:Sub-group
94:Indo-Aryan
1147:indicate
1066:Alphabets
479:Bulgaria
376:Slovakia
315:Kalderash
273:Wallachia
261:non-Vlach
180:Glottolog
164:ISO 639-3
1030:Lomavren
509:Albania
476:Ihtiman
469:Romania
386:Austria
362:Hungary
359:Cerhari
349:Ukraine
333:Dialect
300:Romanian
269:Moldavia
187:vlax1238
1145:Italics
1122:Related
1059:Writing
539:Greece
498:Gurbeti
493:Gurbet
446:Sweden
436:Russia
416:Serbia
406:Norway
396:Poland
285:Romania
277:Romania
231:by the
221:dialect
142:Romania
138:Hungary
52:Hungary
48:Albania
40:Romania
1175:Romani
782:
761:
714:840853
712:
655:
543:suburb
526:Italy
506:Korça
426:Italy
336:Place
319:Lovari
293:Romani
281:Romani
150:Serbia
148:, and
146:Poland
102:Romani
56:Israel
44:Serbia
36:Bosnia
1234:is a
1173:This
1108:RTK 2
1096:Media
951:Other
811:(PDF)
800:(PDF)
732:(PDF)
710:JSTOR
303:român
257:Vlach
219:is a
1350:Vlax
1236:stub
1179:stub
1013:CalĂł
780:ISBN
759:ISBN
740:2013
675:In:
653:ISBN
513:city
483:city
456:USA
317:and
287:are
283:and
271:and
259:and
247:Name
702:doi
592:at
296:rom
195:ELP
171:rmy
1281::
802:.
708:.
698:45
696:.
647:.
610:^
573:.
346:-
243:.
144:,
140:,
54:,
50:,
46:,
42:,
38:,
1267:e
1260:t
1253:v
1242:.
1210:e
1203:t
1196:v
1185:.
851:e
844:t
837:v
820:.
786:.
742:.
716:.
704::
661:.
630:.
515:)
485:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
