40:
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347:) beginning in 1947, when he applied for a geologist position. The institute's goal was to promote Britain's claims to Antarctica, and secondarily to support scientific research. In 1950 Fuchs was asked to develop the new London scientific bureau of the Survey, to plan research in the Antarctic and support research publication. After the trans-Antarctic expedition he become director of the Survey, a position he held until 1973.
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In 1933, he had married his cousin Joyce
Connell, who had accompanied him on several expeditions. They had three children: Hilary (1936-2002) Rosalind (1938–1945), and Peter (born 1940). Joyce, Lady Fuchs, died on 27 April 1990 in
643:
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readings. Scientists established the thickness of ice at the pole, and the existence of a land mass beneath the ice. On 2 March 1958, Fuchs and company completed the 100-day trip by reaching
599:
outstanding devotion to the
British Antarctic Survey's interests, beyond the call of normal duty, by men or women who are or were members of the Survey, or closely connected with its work.
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294:) in 1934. The findings from this expedition, in which two of their companions were lost, were summarised by Fuchs in his Cambridge University PhD, which has awarded 1937.
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from 1942 to July 1943. He returned home and was posted to London at Second Army headquarters in a civil affairs position. The Second Army was transferred to
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in 1937. He returned in 1938 to find that his second daughter, Rosalind, had severe cerebral palsy. Rosalind died in 1945. His son, Peter, was born in 1940.
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290:. In 1933, Fuchs married his cousin, Joyce Connell. A world traveller in her own right, Joyce accompanied Vivian on his expedition to Lake Rudolf (now
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275:. After graduation in 1930, he travelled with a Cambridge University expedition to study the geology of East African lakes with respect to
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263:. He was educated as a geologist, and considered the profession a means of pursuing his interest in the outdoors. He was a member of the
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Fuchs and his party arrived in
Antarctica in January 1957 after camp had been set up. The party departed from
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Laws, R.M (2001). "Sir Vivian Ernest Fuchs. 11 February 1908 - 11 November 1999: Elected F.R.S. 1974".
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In
February 1936, his daughter Hilary was born. Fuchs organised an expedition to investigate the
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landings, and Fuchs eventually reached
Germany in time to see the release of prisoners from the
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Base on 24 November 1957. During the trek, a variety of scientific data were collected from
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2013:
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740:
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153:
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Fuchs is best known as the leader of the
Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition, a
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1997:
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807:
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256:
200:
106:
39:
819:
644:""Fuchs, Sir Vivian Ernest. ( 1908-1999) Knight Explorer" - Search - Archives Hub"
336:
until
October 1946, when he was discharged from military service with the rank of
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732:
569:
280:
94:
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4347:
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4282:
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2100:
1913:
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1334:
1183:
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355:
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227:; 11 February 1908 – 11 November 1999) was an English scientist-explorer and
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2701:
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2107:
2035:
1936:
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1827:
1724:
1712:
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1327:
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683:
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Fuchs was involved with the
Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (now the
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228:
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1469:
1437:
606:
558:
539:
526:. Planning for the expedition began in 1953, and envisioned the use of
523:
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1971:
1320:
1155:
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268:
90:
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522:-sponsored expedition that completed the first overland crossing of
488:, his former personal assistant at the British Antarctic Survey, in
371:
3731:
535:
302:
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area and of his
British wife Violet Watson. He was born in 1908 in
267:, a geological society, at Cambridge. His first expedition was to
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2003:
1979:
1967:
550:
527:
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329:
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1929:
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Fuchs was the son of the German immigrant Ernst Fuchs from the
507:
1990:
530:
tractors to cross the continent in 100 days, starting at the
248:
206:
841:
Scott Polar
Research Institute – Obituary of Vivian Fuchs
800:
Clarkson, Peter. "Fuchs, Sir Vivian Ernest (1908–1999)".
3195:
221:
212:
209:
203:
671:
Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
350:From 1982 through 1984, Fuchs was president of the
4771:
697:Deaths and Marriages England and Wales 1984–2006
601:" It is awarded to one or two people per year.
4518:
1397:
866:
4850:Presidents of the Royal Geographical Society
806:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
727:
826:"Scott Base Turns Out To Greet Dr. Fuchs."
508:The Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition
400:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
4525:
4511:
1404:
1390:
873:
859:
38:
4860:Military personnel from the Isle of Wight
4835:Fellows of the Royal Society (Statute 12)
464:Learn how and when to remove this message
308:At the age of thirty, he enrolled in the
4462:Pole of Inaccessibility research station
707:
4037:Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition
803:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
514:Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition
233:Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition
145: 1933; died 1990)
4800:British Army personnel of World War II
4790:Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
4772:
4845:People from Freshwater, Isle of Wight
4506:
3181:
1423:
1411:
1385:
854:
799:
667:
398:adding citations to reliable sources
365:
4840:People educated at Brighton College
3823:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition
2020:Norse colonization of North America
484:The next year, in 1991, he married
13:
4692:Robert Henry Stewart Thompson
3352:United States Exploring Expedition
846:Sir Vivian Fuchs website biography
16:British polar explorer (1908–1999)
14:
4871:
4426:Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station
3794:Australasian Antarctic Expedition
781:
739:. London: Cassell & Company.
582:Royal Danish Geographical Society
4825:English people of German descent
4815:Cambridgeshire Regiment officers
4320:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
3713:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
1068:
787:
561:, having travelled 2,158 miles.
370:
199:
836:Fuchs medal named in his honour
166:
142:
751:
721:
701:
690:
661:
636:
504:on 11 November 1999, aged 91.
481:, of a heart attack, aged 83.
1:
4855:Recipients of the Polar Medal
3699:Japanese Antarctic Expedition
3634:Scottish Antarctic Expedition
3182:
629:
576:. In 1959 he was awarded the
4712:Pierre Henry John Young
4707:Stephen Esslemont Woods
4056:Soviet Antarctic Expeditions
3872:Shackleton–Rowett Expedition
3678:French Antarctic Expeditions
3608:Swedish Antarctic Expedition
3494:Belgian Antarctic Expedition
1612:Lady Franklin Bay Expedition
820:UK public library membership
717:. 16 May 1958. p. 3090.
564:In 1958, he was knighted by
354:. He became a Fellow of the
312:, and was dispatched to the
261:St John's College, Cambridge
242:
117:St John's College, Cambridge
7:
3141:Nuclear-powered icebreakers
2820:Austro-Hungarian Expedition
1685:Andrée's balloon expedition
10:
4876:
4682:Roger Valentine Short
2342:Franklin's lost expedition
2042:Christian IV's expeditions
1424:
883:Royal Geographical Society
737:The Crossing of Antarctica
574:The Crossing of Antarctica
511:
352:Royal Geographical Society
4736:
4720:
4548:
4159:
3890:
3477:
3217:
3194:
3190:
3177:
2696:Great Northern Expedition
2590:
2372:Rae–Richardson expedition
2121:
1966:
1572:British Arctic Expedition
1464:
1436:
1432:
1419:
1312:
1077:
1066:
889:
597:was created in 1973 for "
587:
500:Sir Vivian Fuchs died in
361:
326:Belsen concentration camp
253:Freshwater, Isle of Wight
179:
122:
112:
102:
79:
72:Freshwater, Isle of Wight
53:
37:
23:
4795:British Antarctic Survey
4652:Samuel Victor Perry
4627:Albert Edward Litherland
3980:British Antarctic Survey
3974:Captain Arturo Prat Base
3219:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
568:. He co-wrote, with Sir
495:
345:British Antarctic Survey
4830:Explorers of Antarctica
4810:British polar explorers
4657:Norman James Petch
4456:Pole of inaccessibility
4119:Antarctic Treaty System
2460:2nd Grinnell expedition
1198:James Marshall-Cornwall
271:in 1929 with his tutor
190:Sir Vivian Ernest Fuchs
832:, 3 March 1958; pg. 9.
812:10.1093/ref:odnb/73181
684:10.1098/rsbm.2001.0012
648:archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk
490:Kensington and Chelsea
231:organizer. He led the
4582:David Roderick Curtis
4126:Transglobe Expedition
4025:Operation Deep Freeze
3434:Challenger expedition
2300:Coppermine expedition
1821:Drifting ice stations
4744:Renato Dulbecco
1135:David George Hogarth
1121:Francis Younghusband
796:at Wikimedia Commons
394:improve this section
286:on an expedition to
44:Sir Vivian Fuchs in
4754:Giuseppe Occhialini
4749:George H. Hitchings
4587:John Frank Davidson
4296:South magnetic pole
2962:Brusilov expedition
2071:Danish colonization
1509:North magnetic pole
947:William J. Hamilton
919:William R. Hamilton
765:on 10 February 2017
538:, and crossing the
277:climate fluctuation
58:Vivian Ernest Fuchs
4687:John Trevor Stuart
3987:Operation Windmill
3968:Operation Highjump
2943:Rusanov expedition
2848:A. E. Nordenskiöld
2592:North East Passage
2396:McClure expedition
1226:Gilbert Laithwaite
1149:William Goodenough
1107:Douglas Freshfield
996:Roderick Murchison
982:Roderick Murchison
961:Roderick Murchison
933:Roderick Murchison
881:Presidents of the
714:The London Gazette
619:Fuchs Ice Piedmont
566:Queen Elizabeth II
334:Schleswig-Holstein
328:. He governed the
301:basin in southern
279:. Next, he joined
239:overland in 1958.
235:which reached the
4820:English explorers
4767:
4766:
4759:Jean-Pierre Serre
4667:John Polkinghorne
4647:Peter D. Mitchell
4642:Drummond Matthews
4607:Jack Halpern
4597:Pehr Victor Edman
4500:
4499:
4496:
4495:
4492:
4491:
3954:Operation Tabarin
3816:Far Eastern Party
3662:Nimrod Expedition
3173:
3172:
3169:
3168:
2732:M. Pronchishcheva
2654:Siberian Cossacks
2123:Northwest Passage
1456:Research stations
1413:Polar exploration
1379:
1378:
1261:Michael John Wise
1240:Edward Shackleton
1212:Raymond Priestley
1017:Rutherford Alcock
975:Frederick Beechey
818:(Subscription or
792:Media related to
486:Eleanor Honnywill
474:
473:
466:
448:
187:
186:
154:Eleanor Honnywill
4867:
4805:Knights Bachelor
4637:Richard Matthews
4527:
4520:
4513:
4504:
4503:
4001:Ronne Expedition
3486:
3480:
3344:Dumont d'Urville
3192:
3191:
3179:
3178:
2727:V. Pronchishchev
1434:
1433:
1421:
1420:
1406:
1399:
1392:
1383:
1382:
1372:
1365:
1358:
1351:
1344:
1337:
1330:
1323:
1305:
1298:
1291:
1284:
1277:
1270:
1263:
1256:
1249:
1242:
1235:
1228:
1221:
1214:
1207:
1200:
1193:
1186:
1179:
1172:
1165:
1158:
1151:
1144:
1137:
1130:
1123:
1116:
1109:
1102:
1095:
1088:
1072:
1071:
1061:
1059:Clements Markham
1054:
1052:M. E. Grant Duff
1047:
1045:Richard Strachey
1040:
1033:
1026:
1019:
1012:
1005:
998:
991:
984:
977:
970:
963:
956:
949:
942:
935:
928:
926:George Greenough
921:
914:
907:
900:
875:
868:
861:
852:
851:
823:
815:
791:
775:
774:
772:
770:
761:. Archived from
755:
749:
748:
725:
719:
718:
705:
699:
694:
688:
687:
665:
659:
658:
656:
654:
640:
611:Shackleton Range
578:Hans Egede Medal
534:, ending at the
469:
462:
458:
455:
449:
447:
406:
374:
366:
310:Territorial Army
257:Brighton College
224:
219:
218:
215:
214:
211:
208:
205:
196:
170:
168:
146:
144:
107:Brighton College
86:
83:11 November 1999
68:11 February 1908
67:
65:
42:
32:
25:Sir Vivian Fuchs
21:
20:
4875:
4874:
4870:
4869:
4868:
4866:
4865:
4864:
4770:
4769:
4768:
4763:
4732:
4716:
4612:Stephen Hawking
4602:John D. Eshelby
4577:Roy Yorke Calne
4544:
4531:
4501:
4488:
4163:
4155:
4031:McMurdo Station
3900:Modern research
3898:
3886:
3621:O. Nordenskjöld
3484:
3478:
3473:
3389:Ross expedition
3213:
3186:
3165:
2594:
2586:
2127:Northern Canada
2125:
2117:
1970:
1962:
1468:
1460:
1428:
1415:
1410:
1380:
1375:
1368:
1361:
1354:
1347:
1340:
1333:
1326:
1319:
1308:
1301:
1296:George Jellicoe
1294:
1289:Crispin Tickell
1287:
1280:
1273:
1266:
1259:
1252:
1245:
1238:
1231:
1224:
1217:
1210:
1203:
1196:
1189:
1182:
1175:
1170:Philip Chetwode
1168:
1161:
1154:
1147:
1140:
1133:
1128:Lawrence Dundas
1126:
1119:
1112:
1105:
1098:
1091:
1084:
1073:
1069:
1064:
1057:
1050:
1043:
1036:
1029:
1022:
1015:
1008:
1003:Henry Rawlinson
1001:
994:
987:
980:
973:
968:Francis Egerton
966:
959:
952:
945:
938:
931:
924:
917:
910:
903:
896:
885:
879:
817:
784:
779:
778:
768:
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733:Hillary, Edmund
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623:Adelaide Island
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459:
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407:
405:
391:
375:
364:
255:, and attended
245:
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169: 1991)
164:
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113:Alma mater
98:
88:
84:
75:
69:
63:
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49:
33:
28:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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4756:
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4724:
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4718:
4717:
4715:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4702:Frederick Vine
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4662:John R. Philip
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4632:James Lovelock
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4592:Jack D. Dunitz
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4567:Kenneth Burton
4564:
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4507:
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4448:Vostok Station
4438:
4433:
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4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
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4399:Cherry-Garrard
4396:
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4364:
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4355:
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4345:
4340:
4335:
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4309:
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4292:
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4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4263:
4262:
4261:
4249:
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4239:Southern Cross
4235:
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4233:
4220:
4219:
4218:
4205:
4200:
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4198:
4185:
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4183:
4169:
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4161:Farthest South
4157:
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4148:
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4122:
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3552:Southern Cross
3545:Southern Cross
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3334:
3329:
3324:
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3314:
3309:
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3291:Bellingshausen
3281:
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3267:
3254:
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3239:
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3063:
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3023:
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2999:
2994:
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2640:
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2596:Russian Arctic
2588:
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2110:
2105:
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2086:
2081:
2080:
2079:
2067:
2066:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2038:
2033:
2031:Snæbjörn galti
2028:
2023:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1994:
1987:
1982:
1976:
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1964:
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1466:Farthest North
1462:
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1430:
1429:
1417:
1416:
1409:
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1370:Nigel Clifford
1366:
1359:
1356:Nicholas Crane
1352:
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1310:
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1247:Duncan Cumming
1243:
1236:
1229:
1222:
1215:
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1194:
1187:
1180:
1173:
1166:
1159:
1152:
1145:
1138:
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1124:
1117:
1114:Thomas Holdich
1110:
1103:
1096:
1093:Leonard Darwin
1089:
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1079:
1075:
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1065:
1063:
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1055:
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989:Bingham Baring
985:
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971:
964:
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943:
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929:
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915:
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898:F. J. Robinson
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849:
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833:
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782:External links
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570:Edmund Hillary
553:soundings and
512:Main article:
509:
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413:"Vivian Fuchs"
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281:anthropologist
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95:Cambridgeshire
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87:(aged 91)
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4677:John Rishbeth
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1371:
1367:
1364:
1363:Lynda Chalker
1360:
1357:
1353:
1350:
1346:
1343:
1342:Michael Palin
1339:
1336:
1335:Gordon Conway
1332:
1329:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1304:
1300:
1297:
1293:
1290:
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1283:
1282:Roger Chorley
1279:
1276:
1275:George Bishop
1272:
1269:
1265:
1262:
1258:
1255:
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1244:
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1234:
1233:Edmund Irving
1230:
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1223:
1220:
1216:
1213:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1185:
1184:Harry Lindsay
1181:
1178:
1174:
1171:
1167:
1164:
1163:Henry Balfour
1160:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1146:
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1142:Charles Close
1139:
1136:
1132:
1129:
1125:
1122:
1118:
1115:
1111:
1108:
1104:
1101:
1100:George Curzon
1097:
1094:
1090:
1087:
1086:George Goldie
1083:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1049:
1046:
1042:
1039:
1038:John Campbell
1035:
1032:
1028:
1025:
1024:Thomas Baring
1021:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1007:
1004:
1000:
997:
993:
990:
986:
983:
979:
976:
972:
969:
965:
962:
958:
955:
954:William Smyth
951:
948:
944:
941:
940:Charles Abbot
937:
934:
930:
927:
923:
920:
916:
913:
909:
906:
905:George Murray
902:
899:
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790:
786:
785:
764:
760:
759:"(in Danish)"
754:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
729:Fuchs, Vivian
724:
716:
715:
710:
704:
698:
693:
685:
681:
677:
673:
672:
664:
649:
645:
639:
635:
625:, Antarctica.
624:
620:
617:
616:
613:, Antarctica.
612:
608:
605:
604:
600:
596:
592:
591:
585:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
562:
560:
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548:
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541:
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529:
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521:
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493:
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487:
482:
480:
468:
465:
457:
454:December 2022
446:
443:
439:
436:
432:
429:
425:
422:
418:
415: –
414:
410:
409:Find sources:
403:
399:
395:
389:
388:
384:
379:This section
377:
373:
368:
367:
359:
357:
356:Royal Society
353:
348:
346:
341:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
306:
304:
300:
295:
293:
289:
288:Olduvai Gorge
285:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
265:Sedgwick Club
262:
258:
254:
250:
240:
238:
234:
230:
226:
225:
217:
195:
191:
182:
178:
155:
150:
131:Joyce Connell
128:
127:
125:
121:
118:
115:
111:
108:
105:
101:
96:
92:
82:
78:
73:
56:
52:
47:
41:
36:
31:
22:
19:
4728:Vivian Fuchs
4727:
4672:Charles Rees
4622:Robert Hinde
4617:Volker Heine
4562:William Boon
4454:
4442:Pole of Cold
4440:
4435:
4366:
4357:
4325:
4318:
4294:
4265:
4251:
4245:Borchgrevink
4237:
4224:
4209:
4189:
4174:
4143:
4124:
4117:
4101:
4087:
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4061:
4054:
4047:
4035:
4023:
3999:
3985:
3978:
3966:
3952:
3938:
3924:
3917:
3878:
3870:
3856:
3849:
3847:
3829:
3821:
3814:
3801:
3792:
3754:
3746:
3737:
3730:
3718:
3711:
3697:
3685:Pourquoi-Pas
3684:
3676:
3668:
3660:
3655:Orcadas Base
3653:
3645:
3632:
3626:C. A. Larsen
3614:
3606:
3592:
3585:
3572:
3564:
3558:Borchgrevink
3551:
3543:
3500:
3492:
3467:C. A. Larsen
3460:
3441:
3432:
3414:
3396:
3387:
3374:
3359:
3350:
3337:
3298:
3284:
3277:
3258:
3243:
3153:
3146:
3129:
3122:
3108:
3093:
3079:
3066:
3041:
3027:
3025:
3011:
3009:
3003:
3001:
2967:
2960:
2941:
2907:
2905:
2891:
2889:
2871:
2861:
2859:
2839:
2837:
2818:
2694:
2652:
2635:
2603:
2567:
2565:
2545:
2544:
2524:
2523:
2509:
2496:
2481:
2467:
2458:
2445:
2416:
2404:Investigator
2403:
2394:
2370:
2357:
2349:
2340:
2327:
2298:
2275:
2260:
2245:
2215:
2200:
2170:
2089:
2069:
2040:
2036:Erik the Red
2018:
1996:
1989:
1946:submersibles
1943:
1937:Arktika 2007
1935:
1928:
1921:
1918:
1902:
1893:
1890:
1871:
1869:
1862:
1855:
1826:
1819:
1795:
1781:
1780:
1772:
1770:
1736:
1734:
1705:
1702:
1691:S. A. Andrée
1683:
1670:
1645:
1637:
1634:
1610:
1592:
1579:
1570:
1552:
1543:
1541:
1507:
1328:Neil Cossons
1313:21st century
1268:Vivian Fuchs
1267:
1219:Dudley Stamp
1205:Roger Nathan
1191:James Wordie
1177:Francis Rodd
1078:20th century
890:19th century
827:
801:
794:Vivian Fuchs
767:. Retrieved
763:the original
753:
736:
728:
723:
712:
703:
692:
675:
669:
663:
651:. Retrieved
647:
638:
598:
573:
563:
544:
520:Commonwealth
517:
499:
483:
475:
460:
451:
441:
434:
427:
420:
408:
392:Please help
380:
349:
342:
332:district in
307:
296:
292:Lake Turkana
284:Louis Leakey
273:James Wordie
246:
189:
188:
85:(1999-11-11)
18:
4785:1999 deaths
4780:1908 births
4572:John Cairns
4145:Lake Vostok
4095:Tryoshnikov
4017:Schlossbach
3908:Christensen
3850:James Caird
3771:E. R. Evans
3537:Dobrowolski
3507:de Gerlache
3209:Expeditions
3095:Aviaarktika
3049:Samoylovich
2920:Kolomeitsev
2814:Middendorff
2774:Gedenshtrom
2194:I. Fyodorov
1956:Chilingarov
1844:E. Fyodorov
1451:Expeditions
1349:Judith Rees
1303:John Palmer
1031:Henry Bruce
1010:Henry Frere
912:John Barrow
709:"No. 41388"
595:Fuchs Medal
555:gravimetric
532:Weddell Sea
492:, London.
4774:Categories
4721:Statute 12
4368:Terra Nova
4273:Shackleton
4216:J. C. Ross
4175:Resolution
4165:South Pole
3940:New Swabia
3864:Mackintosh
3836:Shackleton
3755:Terra Nova
3748:Terra Nova
3482:Heroic Age
3442:Challenger
3402:J. C. Ross
3312:Bransfield
3244:Resolution
3159:icebreaker
3123:Chelyuskin
2864:expedition
2842:Expedition
2784:Matyushkin
2742:Kh. Laptev
2737:Chelyuskin
2631:Heemskerck
2621:Chancellor
2616:Willoughby
2611:Koch boats
2554:Stefansson
2488:McClintock
2452:Inglefield
2294:J. C. Ross
2201:Resolution
2053:Cunningham
1951:Sagalevich
1640:expedition
1599:Stephenson
1559:C. F. Hall
1546:expedition
1520:J. C. Ross
1483:Heemskerck
1470:North Pole
822:required.)
653:7 February
630:References
607:Fuchs Dome
559:Scott Base
547:Shackleton
540:South Pole
524:Antarctica
424:newspapers
318:Portsmouth
314:Gold Coast
299:Lake Rukwa
237:South Pole
229:expedition
64:1908-02-11
46:Wellington
4697:John Vane
4467:Tolstikov
4253:Discovery
4223:HMS
4208:HMS
4190:Adventure
4188:HMS
4173:HMS
4109:Tolstikov
3830:Endurance
3615:Antarctic
3600:Drygalski
3573:Discovery
3566:Discovery
3527:Arctowski
3440:HMS
3413:HMS
3407:Abernethy
3395:HMS
3373:USS
3360:Vincennes
3358:USS
3338:Astrolabe
3278:San Telmo
3259:Adventure
3257:HMS
3242:HMS
3237:Kerguelen
3199:Continent
3184:Antarctic
3061:Urvantsev
3019:Vilkitsky
2872:Jeannette
2870:USS
2862:Jeannette
2826:Weyprecht
2804:Pakhtusov
2754:Chichagov
2747:D. Laptev
2690:Permyakov
2665:Stadukhin
2660:Perfilyev
2637:Mangazeya
2575:H. Larsen
2540:Rasmussen
2495:HMS
2466:USS
2415:HMS
2402:HMS
2366:Collinson
2356:HMS
2348:HMS
2326:HMS
2274:HMS
2259:HMS
2244:HMS
2229:Mackenzie
2216:Discovery
2214:HMS
2199:HMS
2171:Discovery
2150:Frobisher
2113:Rasmussen
2026:Gunnbjörn
1972:Greenland
1901:USS
1892:USS
1764:Ellsworth
1706:Roosevelt
1636:Nansen's
1593:Discovery
1591:HMS
1578:HMS
1525:Abernethy
1493:Marmaduke
1321:Ron Cooke
1254:John Hunt
1156:Percy Cox
829:The Times
769:9 January
745:963764022
502:Cambridge
381:does not
358:in 1974.
269:Greenland
243:Biography
103:Education
97:, England
91:Cambridge
74:, England
4540:elected
4479:A. Fuchs
4436:V. Fuchs
4416:McKinley
4379:E. Evans
4338:Bjaaland
4333:Amundsen
4283:Marshall
4196:Furneaux
4048:V. Fuchs
4012:E. Ronne
4007:F. Ronne
3946:Ritscher
3800:SY
3788:Filchner
3732:Framheim
3726:Amundsen
3532:Racoviță
3517:Amundsen
3512:Lecointe
3381:Ringgold
3375:Porpoise
3265:Furneaux
3101:Shevelev
3056:Begichev
3035:Amundsen
2997:Nagórski
2975:Brusilov
2969:Sv. Anna
2883:Melville
2853:Palander
2809:Tsivolko
2769:Sannikov
2764:Billings
2707:Chirikov
2626:Barentsz
2568:St. Roch
2559:Bartlett
2533:Amundsen
2517:Sverdrup
2417:Resolute
2306:Franklin
2234:Kotzebue
2101:Sverdrup
2084:Scoresby
2058:Lindenov
1909:Plaisted
1894:Nautilus
1839:Shirshov
1813:Belyakov
1808:Baydukov
1782:Nautilus
1744:Amundsen
1704:SS
1663:Sverdrup
1658:Johansen
1628:Brainard
1623:Lockwood
1478:Barentsz
735:(1958).
536:Ross Sea
320:for the
303:Tanzania
180:Children
4737:Foreign
4549:Fellows
4542:in 1974
4536:of the
4534:Fellows
4484:Messner
4431:Hillary
4411:Balchen
4359:Polheim
4353:Wisting
4231:Crozier
4203:Weddell
4181:J. Cook
4151:Kapitsa
4132:Fiennes
4074:Klenova
4043:Hillary
3993:Ketchum
3919:BANZARE
3894:·
3739:Polheim
3705:Shirase
3691:Charcot
3501:Belgica
3420:Crozier
3332:Morrell
3327:Weddell
3305:Lazarev
3250:J. Cook
3204:History
3154:Arktika
3130:Krassin
3115:Voronin
3087:Schmidt
3073:Ushakov
3012:Vaygach
2980:Albanov
2949:Rusanov
2930:Kolchak
2925:Matisen
2899:Makarov
2878:De Long
2779:Wrangel
2759:Lyakhov
2712:Malygin
2670:Dezhnev
2497:Pandora
2468:Advance
2435:Kennedy
2430:Belcher
2423:Kellett
2410:McClure
2334:Beechey
2328:Blossom
2321:Simpson
2289:Crozier
2282:Hoppner
2239:J. Ross
2207:J. Cook
2155:Gilbert
2048:J. Hall
2014:Ingólfr
2004:Naddodd
1998:Vikings
1985:Brendan
1980:Pytheas
1968:Iceland
1922:Arktika
1914:Herbert
1879:Badygin
1849:Krenkel
1834:Papanin
1803:Chkalov
1789:Wilkins
1754:Wisting
1698:F. Cook
1604:Markham
1564:Bessels
1553:Polaris
1544:Polaris
1515:J. Ross
1498:Carolus
1446:History
678:: 203.
609:in the
580:by the
551:seismic
528:Sno-Cat
438:scholar
402:removed
387:sources
171:
163:
159:
147:
139:
135:
123:Spouses
48:, 1958.
4555:
4394:Bowers
4389:Wilson
4348:Hassel
4343:Helmer
4312:Mackay
4302:Mawson
4267:Nimrod
4225:Terror
4210:Erebus
4137:Burton
3932:Rymill
3808:Mawson
3802:Aurora
3781:Lashly
3766:Wilson
3669:Nimrod
3646:Scotia
3453:Murray
3428:Cooper
3415:Terror
3397:Erebus
3366:Wilkes
3317:Palmer
3285:Vostok
3232:Bouvet
3156:-class
3136:Gakkel
3004:Taymyr
2985:Konrad
2954:Kuchin
2892:Yermak
2799:Lavrov
2717:Ovtsyn
2702:Bering
2680:Ivanov
2643:Hudson
2605:Pomors
2582:Cowper
2547:Karluk
2446:Isabel
2440:Bellot
2390:Austin
2358:Terror
2350:Erebus
2246:Griper
2222:Clerke
2182:Baffin
2165:Hudson
2096:Nansen
2009:Garðar
1930:Barneo
1797:ANT-25
1773:Italia
1749:Nobile
1718:Henson
1677:Amedeo
1653:Nansen
1618:Greely
1488:Hudson
1426:Arctic
816:
743:
588:Legacy
479:Oxford
440:
433:
426:
419:
411:
362:Family
4474:Crary
4421:Dufek
4384:Oates
4374:Scott
4307:David
4288:Adams
4259:Barne
4080:Mirny
4069:Somov
3879:Quest
3776:Crean
3761:Scott
3640:Bruce
3594:Gauss
3587:Gauss
3461:Jason
3448:Nares
3322:Davis
3299:Mirny
3272:Smith
3227:Roché
3147:Lenin
3067:Sadko
2992:Wiese
2937:Sedov
2908:Zarya
2831:Payer
2794:Litke
2789:Anjou
2722:Minin
2685:Vagin
2675:Popov
2648:Poole
2503:Young
2316:Dease
2261:Hecla
2252:Parry
2177:Bylot
2160:Davis
2135:Cabot
2108:Peary
2090:Jason
2077:Egede
1991:Papar
1903:Skate
1884:Wiese
1864:NP-37
1857:NP-36
1737:Norge
1725:Sedov
1713:Peary
1671:Jason
1586:Nares
1580:Alert
1535:Hayes
1503:Parry
1441:Ocean
496:Death
445:JSTOR
431:books
338:Major
322:D-Day
223:FUUKS
165:(
161:
141:(
137:
4406:Byrd
4327:Fram
4278:Wild
3960:Marr
3926:BGLE
3913:Byrd
3841:Wild
3720:Fram
3522:Cook
3043:AARI
3028:Maud
2915:Toll
2840:Vega
2526:Gjøa
2511:Fram
2474:Kane
2311:Back
2276:Fury
2267:Lyon
2189:Munk
1828:NP-1
1730:Byrd
1647:Fram
1638:Fram
1530:Kane
771:2018
741:OCLC
655:2017
593:The
417:news
385:any
383:cite
330:Plön
259:and
249:Jena
80:Died
54:Born
4103:3rd
4089:2nd
4063:1st
3896:IGY
3892:IPY
2482:Fox
2378:Rae
1944:Mir
1920:NS
808:doi
680:doi
621:on
396:by
194:FRS
30:FRS
4776::
3008:/
731:;
711:.
676:47
674:.
646:.
584:.
572:,
542:.
340:.
167:m.
143:m.
93:,
4526:e
4519:t
4512:v
3485:"
3479:"
3422:)
3418:(
3409:)
3400:(
1405:e
1398:t
1391:v
874:e
867:t
860:v
814:.
810::
773:.
747:.
686:.
682::
657:.
467:)
461:(
456:)
452:(
442:·
435:·
428:·
421:·
404:.
390:.
216:/
213:s
210:k
207:ʊ
204:f
201:/
197:(
183:3
66:)
62:(
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