466:
342:: Tuathal) suffered blindness after disparaging Ninian, but was cured of his ailment when he recognised Ninian's power (chapter four). Ninian further demonstrates his saintly power by proving that a pregnant girl who had accused an innocent priest of being her child's father was lying; Ninian does this by making her baby speak to reveal the identity of the true father (chapter five). It is at this point that Ninian's conversion of the "southern
516:. Thus, Ailred's work helped create what was in essence a new saint, based solely on literary texts and scribal corruptions. "Ninian" was probably unknown to either the 12th century Gaelic population of Galloway or its pre-Viking Age British predecessors, which is why the names "Ninian" and "Niniau" do not exist in Celtic place-names coined before the later Middle Ages.
246:. Historian John MacQueen raised doubts about this authorship in 1990, pointing out that Ailred's biographer Walter Daniel did not list it among the works of Ailred. Ailred's authorship is still accepted by most historians however, on the basis that Ailred is identified as the author in one of the two manuscripts, while in the other manuscript the
377:, and after being visited by Ninian in a dream during the night, their son's deformities are removed (chapter twelve). A man named Aethelfrith, through prayer, has a skin-disease cured (chapter thirteen). A girl named Deisuit is cured of blindness after being taken to Ninian's shrine (chapter fourteen), while two
235:
357:
from a little book, and of how when doing so God would protect him and his book from the rain. However, one day while Ninian was travelling with an "equally saintly man" named Plebia, having stopped to sing some psalms in the rain, he "had an unlawful thought" causing God's protection against the
299:
618:(from the Gaelic for "church of Uinniau") where "Saint Winnin" or "Saint Finan" was worshipped into the later Middle Ages. Nevertheless, supported by a bishopric, the cult of Saint "Ninian" took a life of its own after Ailred's work, becoming one of the most venerated cults in
404:, in Latin 'Footprint of the Bull'", evidence to some historians that he drew on an earlier source written in English. However, historian Karl Strecker undermined this argument, and it is fairly certain this "barbarous" source was written in some form of Latin.
591:(Finnbar and Finniau, hence Finnian). The saint's variety of names, owing to this and English scribal confusions, contributed to a fragmentation of Uinniau's cult where, in different locations he was venerated under a variety of guises in later periods.
381:
are cured by Ninian's intervention after bathing at his well (chapter fifteen). Ailred ends the text by stressing that the miracles listed are far from exhaustive, and that more have continued up into the present.
258:
It survives in two manuscripts, the
British Library Cotton Tiberius D iii, and Bodleian Library Laud Miscellaneous 668. Apparently other versions may have previously existed. It was first printed in 1789, when
314:
collection placed in a vaguely biographical format. Book i begins with a prologue and preface, discussing the intentions and sources. The narrative opens by describing how Ninian became a devoted
353:
appear in a garden (chapter seven), and how the saint resurrected a robber-chief who had been gored by a bull (chapter eight). Subsequently, it is related that Ninian would read the
457:
was the "barbarous" source used by Ailred, either a Latin original or an
English translation. This in turn may have been derived from an earlier Celtic biography of Bishop Uinniau.
1457:
282:
Translations have been made by Forbes, and subsequently by John and
Winifred MacQueen (1961, reprinted 1990 and 2005) and Jane Patricia Freeland (2006). According to
1396:
Neues Archiv der
Gesellschaft für ältere deutsche Geschichtskunde zur Beförderung einer Gesammtausgabe der Quellenschriften Deutscher Geschichten des Mittelalters
358:
rain to disappear; when Ninian and his book got wet, he recovered his senses and the protection reestablished itself (chapter nine). After saving the life of a
614:. Despite Ailred's work, the cult of the original Uinniau remained strong in south-western Scotland for some time to come, an important centre being
400:, which mentions Ninian (as Niniau) several times, and another work "in an extremely barbarous style". Ailred mentions a place "called in English
494:
1293:
396:
153:
1419:
1280:
1442:
222:
writers, subsequently producing a distinct cult. Saint Ninian was thus an "unhistorical doppelganger" of someone else. The
1437:
1376:
1358:
619:
508:
Ailred's work was the first to produce the spelling "Ninian". This is a scribal error taken from the earlier form
1447:
1321:
250:
forms part of a collection of Ailred's works. It is thought to have been Ailred's first work of hagiography.
226:
tells "Ninian's" life-story, and relates ten miracles, six during the saint's lifetime and four posthumous.
263:
published an edition based on the
Bodleian manuscript. The Latin text was printed in the following works:
1289:
1268:
473:
It is thought that Ailred authored the work at the behest of one of the new bishops of
Galloway, either
269:
Vitae
Antiquae Sanctorum qui Habitaverunt in ea Parte Britanniae Nunc Vocata Scotia vel in ejus Insulis
1452:
1414:, Religion, Politics and Society in Britain (ed. Keith Robbins), Harlow: Pearson Education Limited,
1337:
498:
409:
1353:, Cistercian Father's Series: Number Seventy-One, Kalamazoo, Michigan: Cistercian Publications,
195:
1275:, The New Edinburgh History of Scotland, vol. 1, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press,
1009:
Fraser, "Northumbrian
Whithorn", p. 43, and n. 5; Strecker, "Zu den. Quellen", pp, 4–17
607:
478:
373:
Book ii consists of four posthumous miracles. A family take their deformed son to Ninian's
207:
330:, constructed a stone church at Whithorn (chapter three). Then the text relates that king
8:
335:
1237:
595:
502:
490:
450:
437:
drew on a common source, written by 730, a source historian James E. Fraser called the
370:
to evade punishment (chapter ten), Ninian dies and ascends to Heaven (chapter eleven).
339:
243:
203:
199:
47:
36:
1415:
1372:
1354:
1326:
1276:
1257:
1226:
1412:
The
Conversion of Britain: Religion, Politics and Society in Britain, 600–800
1316:
1308:
1249:
1218:
283:
210:
churchman
Uinniau or Finnian, whose name through textual misreadings was rendered "
191:
1387:
St Nynia / With a Translation of the Miracles of Bishop Nynia by Winifred MacQueen
1105:
Clancy, "Real St Ninian", passim; Fraser, "Northumbrian Whithorn", passim; Yorke,
564:
552:
84:
465:
414:
260:
181:
97:
57:
1222:
1049:
Clancy, "Real St Ninian", p. 24, n. 89; Fraser, "Northumbrian Whithorn", p. 41
390:
Based on assertions made by Ailred in the text, two sources were used for the
1431:
1407:
1330:
1312:
1261:
1230:
482:
327:
219:
1369:
The Saints of Scotland: Essays in Scottish Church History, AD 450–1093
1253:
1018:
Fraser, "Northumbrian Whithorn", p. 41; there is a translation in MacQueen,
594:
There is strong modern scholarly consensus that Uinniau (thus "Ninian") and
1394:
Strecker, Karl (1922), "Zu den Quellen fĂĽr das Leben des heiligen Ninian",
1206:
611:
576:
215:
184:
119:
290:
of Ninian, apparently slightly different from Ailred's; this is now lost.
572:
528:
474:
187:
129:
109:
1344:, The Historians of Scotland, Volume V, Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas
234:
615:
532:
315:
540:
584:
1342:
Lives of S. Ninian and S. Kentigern. Compiled in the twelfth century
276:
Lives of S. Ninian and S. Kentigern. Compiled in the twelfth century
486:
446:
238:
Apparently Ailred of Rievaulx in a medieval manuscript illumination
132:
481:, who were eager to promote their re-established bishopric to the
367:
311:
469:
The nave of Whithorn Cathedral, centre for the cult of "Ninian"
374:
359:
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323:
211:
1209:(1991), "The Literary Record of St Nynia: Fact and Fiction?",
298:
485:
and wider world. Ailred had a relationship with the ruler of
378:
343:
350:
349:
Ailred continues his narrative by relating how Ninian made
319:
417:
recounting the miracles of "Nyniau". As both Bede and the
1349:
Freeland, Jane Patricia; Dutton, Marsha L., eds. (2006),
1080:
Dutton, "Introduction", in Freeland and Dutton (eds.),
1067:
Dutton, "Introduction", in Freeland and Dutton (eds.),
979:
Dutton, "Introduction", in Freeland and Dutton (eds.),
689:, p. iii; Fraser, "Northumbrian Whithorn", p. 40, n. 1;
672:
Dutton, "Introduction", in Freeland and Dutton (eds.),
1458:
Latin historical texts from Norman and Angevin England
1351:
Aelred of Rievaulx: The Lives of the Northern Saints
1294:"Northumbrian Whithorn and the Making of St Ninian"
1322:20.500.11820/1102e158-9121-4b1f-9186-b6a8bc14108c
206:. It is loosely based on the career of the early
1429:
497:mediating a dispute between Fergus and his sons
253:
1348:
728:, pp. 3–26; Freeland and Dutton (eds.),
1171:Clancy, "Real St Ninian", p. 25; MacQuarrie,
407:This "barbarous" source was probably not the
1092:
1090:
663:Fraser, "Northumbrian Whithorn", p. 40, n. 1
650:Broun, "Literary Record", p. 150; MacQueen,
602:on Finnian of Movilla, the Tudwallus of the
1273:From Caledonia to Pictland: Scotland to 795
194:in the mid-12th century. Using two earlier
1389:(2nd ed.), Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited
1366:
1193:Clancy, "Real St Ninian", p. 27, et passim
539:is mentioned by Columbanus himself, while
89:2) Bodleian Library Laud Miscellaneous 668
1371:, Edinburgh: John Donald Publishers Ltd,
1320:
1087:
1058:Clancy, "Real St Ninian", pp. 23–24
1393:
1384:
512:, in turn a scribal error from the form
464:
460:
421:reproduce the scribal error that turned
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278:(Edinburgh, 1874), pp. 137–57
233:
1040:Clancy, "The Real St Ninian", pp. 8, 23
1031:Clancy, "The Real St Ninian", pp. 5, 24
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397:Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum
154:Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum
1406:
1205:
983:, p. 10; Freeland and Dutton (eds.),
326:(chapter two), and, arriving back in
302:Saint "Ninian" preaching to the Picts
174:("Life of Saint Ninian") or simply
13:
14:
1469:
433:, it is likely that Bede and the
413:, an 8th-century poem written in
1118:Clancy, "Real St Ninian", passim
620:Scotland in the Late Middle Ages
274:Alexander Penrose Forbes (ed.),
242:The author was almost certainly
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1184:Clancy, "Real St Ninian", p. 19
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254:Manuscripts and printed texts
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998:Lives of the Northern Saints
996:Freeland and Dutton (eds.),
985:Lives of the Northern Saints
730:Lives of the Northern Saints
598:are the same person. In one
318:(chapter one), journeyed to
7:
1443:12th-century books in Latin
198:sources, it was written by
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1438:12th-century history books
445:may have been authored by
439:Liber de Vita et Miraculis
385:
293:
160:Liber de Vita et Miraculis
143:unclear, early middle ages
28:"The Life of Saint Ninian"
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1338:Forbes, Alexander Penrose
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575:. The name Uinniau is a
180:("Life of Ninian") is a
1385:MacQueen, John (2005),
1254:10.3366/inr.2001.52.1.1
1082:Live of Northern Saints
1069:Live of Northern Saints
981:Live of Northern Saints
674:Live of Northern Saints
637:Phrase used by Fraser,
519:Uinniau is attested as
410:Miracula Nynie Episcopi
80:Principal manuscript(s)
470:
453:. It is possible that
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239:
1448:Christian hagiography
1147:Caledonia to Pictland
639:Caledonia to Pictland
468:
461:Purpose and influence
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286:, there was an Irish
237:
94:First printed edition
547:styles the same man
545:Vita Sancti Columbae
1238:Clancy, Thomas Owen
214:" by high medieval
171:Vita Sancti Niniani
83:1) British Library
22:Vita Sancti Niniani
1173:Saints of Scotland
1109:, pp. 113–14
1022:, pp. 88–101
957:, pp. 123–24
944:, pp. 122–23
918:, pp. 121–22
905:, pp. 119–21
892:, pp. 117–19
879:, pp. 115–17
866:, pp. 114–15
853:, pp. 113–14
840:, pp. 112–13
827:, pp. 110–12
814:, pp. 109–10
801:, pp. 108–09
788:, pp. 106–08
775:, pp. 105–06
762:, pp. 102–05
736:, pp. 102–24
732: ; MacQueen,
702:, pp. iii–iv
654:, pp. 4, 125, n. 7
596:Finnian of Movilla
491:Fergus of Galloway
471:
451:bishop of Whithorn
304:
244:Ailred of Rievaulx
240:
204:Bishop of Galloway
200:Ailred of Rievaulx
67:composed mid-1100s
48:Bishop of Galloway
37:Ailred of Rievaulx
1421:978-0-582-77292-2
1282:978-0-7486-1232-1
1071:, pp. 10–11
527:in a 6th-century
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975:
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962:
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949:
941:
936:
928:
923:
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897:
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884:
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863:
858:
850:
845:
837:
832:
824:
819:
811:
806:
798:
793:
785:
780:
772:
767:
759:
754:
746:
741:
733:
729:
725:
720:
712:
707:
699:
694:
686:
681:
673:
668:
659:
651:
646:
638:
633:
612:king of Tara
604:Vita Niniani
603:
599:
593:
588:
580:
577:hypocoristic
568:
560:
556:
548:
544:
536:
524:
520:
518:
513:
509:
507:
499:Gille-Brigte
483:Anglo-Norman
472:
454:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
408:
406:
401:
395:
391:
389:
372:
363:
348:
338:: Tutagual;
331:
308:Vita Niniani
307:
305:
287:
281:
275:
268:
257:
247:
241:
223:
220:Anglo-Norman
177:Vita Niniani
176:
175:
170:
169:
167:
159:
152:
120:Saint Ninian
72:Authenticity
21:
15:
1248:(1): 1–28,
581:Uindobarros
573:dative case
529:penitential
475:Gille-Aldan
449:, sometime
402:Farres Last
362:sailing to
322:and became
196:Anglo-Latin
190:written in
188:hagiography
151:1) Bede's
130:Anglo-Saxon
110:hagiography
1432:Categories
1200:References
1160:Conversion
1107:Conversion
966:MacQueen,
953:MacQueen,
940:MacQueen,
927:MacQueen,
914:MacQueen,
901:MacQueen,
888:MacQueen,
875:MacQueen,
862:MacQueen,
849:MacQueen,
836:MacQueen,
823:MacQueen,
810:MacQueen,
797:MacQueen,
784:MacQueen,
771:MacQueen,
758:MacQueen,
616:Kilwinning
561:Findbarrum
533:Columbanus
230:Authorship
46:Perhaps a
1331:0020-157X
1262:0020-157X
1231:0020-157X
585:Old Irish
557:Finnionem
537:Vennianus
525:Vinnianus
521:Uinniauus
479:Christian
394:: Bede's
332:Tudwallus
316:Christian
185:Christian
75:authentic
33:Author(s)
1410:(2007),
1292:(2002),
1271:(2009),
1162:, p. 113
1145:Fraser,
1020:St Nynia
970:, p. 124
968:St Nynia
955:St Nynia
942:St Nynia
931:, p. 122
929:St Nynia
916:St Nynia
903:St Nynia
890:St Nynia
877:St Nynia
864:St Nynia
851:St Nynia
838:St Nynia
825:St Nynia
812:St Nynia
799:St Nynia
786:St Nynia
773:St Nynia
760:St Nynia
745:Forbes,
734:St Nynia
724:Forbes,
715:, p. iii
711:Forbes,
698:Forbes,
685:Forbes,
652:St Nynia
587:with an
579:form of
531:used by
487:Galloway
447:Pehthelm
435:Miracula
419:Miracula
133:Whithorn
54:Language
1175:, p. 61
1158:Yorke,
1149:, p. 71
1084:, p. 11
987:, p. 38
749:, p. iv
676:, p. 10
641:, p. 71
571:in the
569:Viniauo
567:, and
563:in the
551:in the
543:in his
541:Adomnán
514:Uinniau
489:, king
423:Uinniau
386:Sources
368:coracle
336:British
328:Britain
312:miracle
294:Content
216:English
208:British
148:Sources
126:Setting
116:Subject
1418:
1402:: 3–26
1375:
1357:
1329:
1279:
1260:
1229:
549:Finnio
503:Uhtred
441:. The
431:Niniau
427:Nyniau
379:lepers
375:shrine
364:Scotia
360:novice
355:psalms
340:Gaelic
324:bishop
212:Ninian
162:(lost)
108:prose
100:, 1789
87:D iii
43:Patron
1297:(PDF)
747:Lives
726:Lives
713:Lives
700:Lives
687:Lives
626:Notes
510:Ninia
425:into
415:Latin
366:in a
351:leeks
344:Picts
105:Genre
1416:ISBN
1373:ISBN
1355:ISBN
1327:ISSN
1277:ISBN
1258:ISSN
1227:ISSN
600:Vita
559:and
523:and
501:and
392:Vita
320:Rome
306:The
288:vita
248:Vita
224:Vita
218:and
168:The
64:Date
1317:hdl
1309:doi
1250:doi
1219:doi
477:or
429:or
310:is
158:2)
1434::
1400:43
1398:,
1325:,
1315:,
1305:53
1303:,
1299:,
1256:,
1246:52
1244:,
1225:,
1215:42
1213:,
1089:^
622:.
610:,
555:,
535:,
505:.
1319::
1311::
1252::
1221::
589:F
334:(
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