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415:, Violet and Vita went to France for several months. Because of Vita's exclusive claim, and her own loathing of marriage, Violet made Denys promise never to have sex with her as a condition for marriage. He apparently agreed, for on 16 June 1919 they married. At the end of that year, Violet and Vita made a new two-month excursion to France: ordered to do so by his mother-in-law, Denys retrieved Violet from the south of France when new gossip about her and Sackville-West's loose behaviour began to reach London. The next time they left, in February 1920, was to be the final elopement. Harold and Denys pursued the women, flying to France in a two-seater aeroplane. The couples had heated scenes in
379:(1997) provides an overview of the affair and of the main actors in the drama. When Violet was 10, she met Vita (who was two years older) for the first time. After that, they attended the same school for several years and soon recognised a bond between them. When Violet was 14, she confessed her love to Vita and gave her a ring. In 1910, after the death of Edward VII, Mrs Keppel made her family observe a "discretion" leave of about two years before re-establishing themselves in British society. When they returned to London, the Keppels moved to a house in Grosvenor Street. At that time, Violet learned that Vita was soon to be engaged to Harold Nicolson and was involved in an affair with
564:
427:). Violet spent much of 1920 abroad, clinging desperately to Vita via continuous letters. In January 1921, Vita and Violet made a final journey to France, where they spent six weeks together. At this time, Harold threatened to break off the marriage if Vita continued her escapades. When Vita returned to England in March, it was practically the end of the affair. Violet was sent to Italy; and, from there she wrote her last desperate letters to their mutual friend Pat Dansey, having been forbidden from writing directly to Vita. At the end of the year, Violet had to face the facts and start to build her life from scratch.
523:
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sister, Sonia Keppel, and several governmental departments in France and
England concerning Trefusis's re-entry into France after the Second World War, and her nomination to the LĂ©gion d'honneur. Writings include holograph and typescript drafts of Trefusis' memoirs, novels, plays, etc. Other materials include a miniature case portrait of Trefusis as a child, and an album containing photographs of friends of the Keppels, taken by George Keppel between 1924 and 1939 at the family's Villa dell'Ombrellino in Florence, including many members of European nobility and royalty.
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The climax came when Harold told Vita that Violet had been unfaithful to her (with Denys). Violet tried to explain, and assured Vita of her innocence. Vita was much too angry and upset to listen, and fled saying she couldn't bear to see Violet for at least two months. Six weeks later Vita returned to
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in Paris. Trefusis conceded more and more to her mother's model of being "socially acceptable" but, at the same time, not wavering in her sexuality. Singer, like
Sackville-West before her, dominated the relationship, though apparently to mutual satisfaction. The two were together for many years and
457:
Trefusis received mixed reviews on her books. Some critics credited
Trefusis with an "excellent gift of observation" and a "talent for mimicry and flair for decor in most of her books". These qualities were said to be evident in her novels written in English and in French. Other critics stated that
855:
The Yale
University Library contains correspondence, writings and other materials by or related to Violet Trefusis. The correspondence consists of approximately 500 letters from Trefusis to John Phillips written in the 1960s. Also included are letters to Trefusis from her mother, Alice Keppel, her
579:
had once lived. After her parents' death in 1947, Trefusis would become the chatelaine of L'Ombrellino till the end of her life. Denys
Trefusis died in 1929, completely estranged from his seemingly unfeeling wife. After his death, Trefusis published several novels, some in English, some in French,
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and therefore fitted well with Singer, who, whip in hand, was typically dominant and in control in her relationships. Neither was completely faithful during their long affair, but, unlike
Trefusis's affair with Sackville-West, this seems to have had no negative effect on their understanding.
616:, mentions his friendship with Violet Trefusis under 2 March 1972, when he received "the telegram" informing of her death. He goes on to discuss how, before Christmas 1971, he went to Florence to visit her as he knew she was in her last months of life: he had dinner with her and
590:, an American journalist, recounts in his autobiography a meeting with Violet in Florence. "Mrs. Trefusis's enthusiasms had long since inspired the rhyme 'Mrs Trefusis never refuses.' Governor Olson, as it turned out was not refused ... they were much cheered up by one another."
329:(1973), based on material from his mother's letters, and adding extensive "clarifications", including some of his father's point of view. Such works explored other aspects of the affair. Aspects of Trefusis' character also featured in other novels, including Lady Montdore in
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seem to have been content. Trefusis's mother, Alice Keppel, did not object to this affair, most likely because of Singer's wealth and power, and the fact that Singer carried on the affair in a much more disciplined way. Trefusis seemed to prefer the role of the
1059:
402:
In April 1918, Violet and Vita refreshed and intensified their bond. By that time Vita had two sons, but she left them in the care of others while she and Violet took a holiday in
Cornwall. Meanwhile, Mrs Keppel was busy
200:
Trefusis herself wrote many novels, as well as non-fiction works, both in
English and in French. Although some of her books sold well, others went unpublished, and her overall critical heritage remains lukewarm.
383:. Violet made it clear that she still loved Vita, but became engaged to make Vita jealous. This did not stop Vita from marrying Harold (in October 1913), who was also bisexual. Vita and Harold maintained an
430:
The two former lovers met again in 1940, after the progress of the Second World War forced
Trefusis to return to Britain. The women continued to keep in touch and send each other affectionate letters.
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514:
difficulties. In addition, Lorna Sage, Trefusis' great champion among
British critics, died before she could assist in the publication of further works by Trefusis, as she planned.
502:, a publishing house devoted to recovering the forgotten work of women writers, set about compensating for this. They brought out two of her novels with introductions by
179:; and in many letters and memoirs of the period roughly from 1912 to 1922. She may have been the inspiration for aspects of the character Lady Montdore in
423:
France to meet Violet. Mrs Keppel desperately tried to keep the scandal away from London, where Violet's sister, Sonia, was about to be married (to
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on a regular basis until the end of his life in 1910. (George Keppel, who was aware of the affair, was conveniently absent at these times.)
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165:; 6 June 1894 – 29 February 1972) was an English socialite and author. She is chiefly remembered for her lengthy affair with the writer
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Trefusis died at L'Ombrellino on the Bellosguardo on 29 February 1972. She died of starvation, the effect of a
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652:), alongside the remains of her parents; and in Saint-Loup-de-Naud in the monks' refectory near her tower.
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for Violet with Denys Robert Trefusis (1890–1929), son of Colonel Hon. John Schomberg Trefusis (son of the
304:. In this romanticized biography of Sackville-West, Trefusis is represented by the Russian princess Sasha.
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that both women continued after their respective marriages. It was featured in novels by both parties; in
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Brown, Susan, Patricia Clements, and Isobel Grundy, eds. VIOLET TREFUSIS entry: overview screen within
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her books were not great literature, although they sold well and her readers enjoyed them.
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Each of the participants left extensive written accounts in surviving letters and diaries.
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Although her writings spanned much of the twentieth century, many were unpublished.
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1558:. General Collection, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University.
1552:. General Collection, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University.
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Orlando: Women's Writing in the British Isles from the Beginnings to the Present.
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369:, Denys Trefusis and Pat Dansey also left documents that referred to the affair.
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209:
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Violet to Vita: The Letters of Violet Trefusis to Vita Sackville-West, 1910–1921
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Violet to Vita: The Letters of Violet Trefusis to Vita Sackville-West, 1910–1921
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The two women both wrote fictional accounts that referred to this love affair (
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612:, who later became President of the French Republic in 1981, in his chronicle
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Last Edwardians: An Illustrated History of Violet Trefusis & Alice Keppel
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as Muriel, in several novels by Vita Sackville-West, and in Virginia Woolf's
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Trefusis, Violet Keppel (1991). Leaska, Mitchell A.; Phillips, John (eds.).
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She made many appearances as a pivotal character in other writers' fiction.
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Grave of Violet Trefusis and her parents, George and Alice Keppel, in the
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Scandalous Women: The Lives and Loves of History's Most Notorious Women
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Scandalous Women: The Lives and Loves of History's Most Notorious Women
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In 1924, Mrs Keppel bought L'Ombrellino, a large villa overlooking
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Picture at NPG, shown with Alice Frederica Keppel (née Edmonstone)
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Trefusis is best remembered for her love affair with the wealthy
232:. Members of the Keppel family thought her biological father was
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http://orlando.cambridge.org/public/svPeople?person_id=trefvi
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Violet lived her early youth in London, where her family had
1333:"Grave site of Alice Keppel and Violet Trefusis (Scotland)"
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A Book of Secrets: Illegitimate Daughters, Absent Fathers
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From 1923 on, Trefusis was one of the many lovers of the
236:, subsequently 2nd Baron Grimthorpe, a banker and MP for
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Recipients of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
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in London, Trefusis participated in the broadcasting of
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disease. Her ashes were placed both in Florence at the
1556:
Vita Sackville-West Papers Relating to Violet Trefusis
600:, and partly based the character of Lady Montdore in
251:. When she was four years old, her mother became the
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said that Trefusis's autobiography should be titled
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after the war; she was also made a Commander of the
584:, Seine-et-Marne, France – a gift from Winnaretta.
1497:Wajsbrot, Cécile, and François Mitterrand (1989).
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911:
1060:"Guide to the Violet Trefusis Papers GEN MSS 427"
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1003:In the introduction, p. vii, by Merry Pawlowski.
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1409:Jullian, Philippe & Phillips, John (1976).
580:that she had written in her medieval "Tour" in
411:) and Eva Louisa Bontein. A few days after the
465:based Lady Montdore, a character in her novel
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319:in French by Trefusis). Sackville-West's son
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298:described this by analogy in her 1928 novel
220:Born Violet Keppel, she was the daughter of
1485:A Solitary Woman: A Life of Violet Trefusis
1192:The Laurie Lee Lecture: Cheltenham festival
1115:A solitary woman: a life of Violet Trefusis
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920:. New York: St. Martin's Griffin. pp.
1423:The Other Woman: A Life of Violet Trefusis
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1178:Cambridge University Press online, 2006.
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398:(1861–1942), oil on canvas/NPG 5229, 1926
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16:English socialite and author (1894–1972)
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957:Mahon, Elizabeth Kerri (1 March 2011).
909:
882:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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107: 1919; died 1929)
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1145:(1st ed.). Farmington Hills, MI:
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567:Villa dell'Ombrellino, Florence, Italy
452:Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
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956:
550:, who introduced her to the artistic
1524:Biographical notes and bibliography
936:denys trefusis and violet trefusis.
650:The Evangelical Cemetery of Laurels
623:
495:as the ravishing "Princess Sasha".
13:
1637:Recipients of the Legion of Honour
1607:English people of Scottish descent
1597:20th-century English women writers
1395:. London: Farrar, Straus, Giroux.
1353:
661:, Violet Trefusis is portrayed by
510:, but were eventually defeated by
14:
1698:
1602:20th-century French women writers
1512:
1411:Violet Trefusis: Life and Letters
1356:"Guide to Violet Trefusis Papers"
1587:20th-century English LGBT people
814:Father and Daughter. The Seducer
530:, one of Trefusis' close friends
285:
270:In 1900, Violet's only sibling,
1454:Mahon, Elizabeth Kerri (2011).
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1233:
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471:, on Trefusis. She featured in
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1592:20th-century English novelists
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878:"Trefusis, Violet (1894–1972)"
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1:
1667:British women in World War II
1582:20th-century English diarists
1074:"Major Denys Robert Trefusis"
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204:
1440:Leaska, Mitchell A. (1990).
1213:Srinivasan, Archana (2007).
1022:Mrs. Keppel and Her Daughter
918:Mrs. Keppel and Her Daughter
774:Instants de mémoire (Gestes)
655:In the 1990 BBC mini-series
7:
913:"Queens and Heirs Apparent"
884:. Oxford University Press.
796:The End Justifies the Means
668:
546:and wife of the homosexual
377:Mrs Keppel and her Daughter
365:, Victoria Sackville-West,
76:Novelist, radio broadcaster
10:
1703:
1483:Sharpe, Henrietta (1981).
1307:"Violet Trefusis (Keppel)"
1113:Sharpe, Henrietta (1981).
1062:. Yale University Library.
215:William Bruce Ellis Ranken
1647:British LGBT broadcasters
1219:. Sura Books. p. 6.
973:– via Google Books.
876:Taylor, Clare L. (2004).
598:Here Lies Violet Trefusis
548:Prince Edmond de Polignac
433:
142:
128:
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88:
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72:
54:
42:
30:
23:
1682:British women memoirists
1283:La Paille & le Grain
1244:I've Seen the Best of It
1190:Holroyd, Michael (2010).
614:La Paille & le Grain
1652:LGBT people from London
1642:English lesbian writers
1612:English women novelists
1468:Phillips, John (1985).
1018:Souhami, Diana (1998).
991:. Wordsworth Editions.
910:Souhami, Diana (1998).
730:Prelude to Misadventure
538:sewing machine heiress
311:by Sackville-West, and
1677:English LGBT novelists
1657:Socialites from London
1622:French women novelists
1550:Violet Trefusis Papers
1545:www.violettrefusis.com
1531:Due Violette a Firenze
1240:Alsop, Joseph (1992).
1143:Women in World History
1026:. St. Martin's Press.
890:10.1093/ref:odnb/76253
749:Memoirs of an armchair
658:Portrait of a Marriage
637:
603:Love in a Cold Climate
568:
531:
508:Lisa St Aubin de Teran
468:Love in a Cold Climate
399:
358:
339:(1949), and Muriel in
336:Love in a Cold Climate
326:Portrait of a Marriage
323:wrote the non-fiction
217:
186:Love in a Cold Climate
1501:. Mercure de France.
1268:Holroyd 2011, p. 239.
1049:Holroyd 2011, p. 238.
779:La chèvre et le chou
768:The Hook in the Heart
646:Cimitero degli Allori
634:Cimitero degli Allori
631:
566:
525:
446:, which earned her a
396:Jacques-Emile Blanche
393:
353:
230:7th Earl of Albemarle
224:, who was married to
213:Violet Keppel, 1919,
212:
1687:Deaths by starvation
1279:Mitterrand, François
989:Orlando: A Biography
618:Frank Ashton-Gwatkin
518:Later life in France
492:Orlando: A Biography
487:The Soul's Gymnasium
405:arranging a marriage
345:The Soul's Gymnasium
195:The Soul's Gymnasium
176:Orlando: A Biography
1672:Writers from London
843:Informational notes
830:A Tooth for a Tooth
802:All Glorious Within
790:Les sœurs ennemies
762:Unpublished / other
711:Les causes perdues
610:François Mitterrand
528:François Mitterrand
394:Violet Trefusis by
355:Vita Sackville-West
292:Vita Sackville-West
167:Vita Sackville-West
119:Vita Sackville-West
1413:. Hamish Hamilton
638:
582:Saint-Loup-de-Naud
569:
532:
409:19th Baron Clinton
400:
381:Rosamund Grosvenor
359:
218:
1632:Edmonstone family
1617:French socialites
1529:Nerina Milletti,
1507:978-2-7152-1589-4
1493:978-0-09-464140-2
1478:978-0-934552-44-8
1464:978-0-399-53645-8
1458:. Perigee Trade.
1450:978-0-670-83542-3
1435:978-0-395-20539-6
1419:978-0-241-89454-5
1402:978-0-374-11558-6
1354:Rawdon, Kathryn.
1226:978-81-7478-636-4
1156:978-0-7876-4074-3
1124:978-0-09-464140-2
931:978-0-312-19517-5
819:Irène et Pénélope
757:(last work, 1972)
755:From Dusk to Dawn
736:Don't look Round
699:Broderie Anglaise
681:Sortie de secours
540:Winnaretta Singer
444:"La France Libre"
313:Broderie Anglaise
189:and of Muriel in
153:
152:
123:Winnaretta Singer
1694:
1536:
1444:. Viking Adult.
1427:Houghton Mifflin
1406:
1394:
1385:Holroyd, Michael
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1371:
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1358:. Archived from
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1102:. Penguin Books.
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705:Hunt the Slipper
663:Cathryn Harrison
624:Death and legacy
448:Legion d'Honneur
440:Second World War
280:King Charles III
259:("Bertie"), the
137:Alice Edmonstone
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58:29 February 1972
37:Trefusis in 1920
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1499:Violet Trefusis
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1335:. 17 April 2011
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1248:. W.W. Norton.
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577:Galileo Galilei
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367:Harold Nicolson
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261:Prince of Wales
234:William Beckett
228:, a son of the
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1421:(UK edition);
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1362:on 25 May 2013
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272:Sonia Rosemary
249:Portman Square
206:
203:
171:Virginia Woolf
151:
150:
144:
140:
139:
130:
126:
125:
116:
112:
111:
100:
96:
94:Denys Trefusis
93:
92:
90:
86:
85:
82:
78:
77:
74:
70:
69:
62:(aged 77)
56:
52:
51:
44:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1699:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1627:Keppel family
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
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1557:
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1538:
1533:
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1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1487:. Constable.
1486:
1482:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1398:
1393:
1392:
1386:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1361:
1357:
1350:
1334:
1328:
1313:. 6 June 1894
1312:
1308:
1302:
1294:
1292:2-08-060778-2
1288:
1284:
1280:
1274:
1265:
1257:
1255:9780393029178
1251:
1246:
1245:
1236:
1228:
1222:
1218:
1217:
1209:
1200:
1193:
1187:
1181:
1177:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1158:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1139:Commire, Anne
1134:
1126:
1120:
1117:. Constable.
1116:
1109:
1101:
1094:
1079:
1075:
1069:
1061:
1055:
1046:
1044:
1035:
1033:0-312-19517-6
1029:
1024:
1023:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1000:
998:1-85326-239-0
994:
990:
986:
980:
972:
970:9781101478813
966:
962:
961:
953:
951:
949:
947:
945:
937:
933:
927:
923:
919:
914:
906:
891:
887:
883:
879:
872:
868:
866:
865:
852:
848:
845:
844:
831:
828:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
809:
808:Alas, A Lady!
806:
803:
800:
797:
794:
791:
788:
786:
783:
780:
777:
775:
772:
769:
766:
765:
761:
760:
756:
753:
750:
747:
746:
742:
741:
737:
734:
731:
728:
727:
723:
722:
718:
715:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
691:
688:
685:
682:
679:
678:
674:
673:
666:
664:
660:
659:
653:
651:
647:
643:
642:malabsorption
635:
630:
621:
619:
615:
611:
607:
605:
604:
599:
595:
594:Nancy Mitford
591:
589:
585:
583:
578:
574:
565:
561:
558:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
529:
524:
515:
513:
509:
505:
501:
496:
494:
493:
488:
484:
480:
479:
478:The Rock Pool
474:
470:
469:
464:
463:Nancy Mitford
459:
455:
453:
449:
445:
441:
431:
428:
426:
425:Roland Cubitt
420:
418:
414:
410:
406:
397:
392:
388:
386:
385:open marriage
382:
378:
374:
373:Diana Souhami
370:
368:
364:
356:
352:
348:
346:
342:
338:
337:
332:
331:Nancy Mitford
328:
327:
322:
318:
314:
310:
305:
303:
302:
297:
293:
286:Personal life
283:
281:
278:, consort of
277:
276:Queen Camilla
273:
268:
266:
262:
258:
257:Albert Edward
254:
250:
246:
241:
239:
235:
231:
227:
226:George Keppel
223:
216:
211:
202:
198:
196:
192:
188:
187:
182:
181:Nancy Mitford
178:
177:
172:
168:
164:
161:
157:
148:
147:Queen Camilla
145:
141:
138:
134:
133:George Keppel
131:
127:
124:
120:
117:
113:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
57:
53:
46:Violet Keppel
45:
41:
34:
29:
22:
19:
1535:(in Italian)
1530:
1498:
1484:
1469:
1455:
1441:
1437:(US edition)
1422:
1410:
1390:
1378:Bibliography
1377:
1376:
1364:. Retrieved
1360:the original
1349:
1337:. Retrieved
1327:
1317:10 September
1315:. Retrieved
1310:
1301:
1282:
1273:
1264:
1243:
1235:
1215:
1208:
1199:
1194:, pp. 19–20.
1191:
1186:
1175:
1142:
1133:
1114:
1108:
1099:
1093:
1081:. Retrieved
1077:
1068:
1054:
1021:
988:
979:
959:
935:
917:
905:
893:. Retrieved
881:
871:
863:
862:
851:
842:
841:
829:
823:
818:
813:
807:
801:
795:
789:
785:The Shortcut
784:
778:
773:
767:
754:
748:
735:
729:
716:
710:
704:
698:
692:
686:
680:
656:
654:
649:
639:
613:
608:
601:
597:
592:
588:Joseph Alsop
586:
570:
551:
544:Isaac Singer
533:
497:
490:
486:
483:Harold Acton
476:
466:
460:
456:
437:
429:
421:
401:
376:
371:
363:Alice Keppel
360:
344:
341:Harold Acton
334:
324:
317:roman Ă clef
312:
308:
306:
299:
289:
269:
255:mistress of
242:
222:Alice Keppel
219:
199:
194:
191:Harold Acton
184:
174:
162:
159:
155:
154:
149:(grandniece)
60:(1972-02-29)
18:
1577:1972 deaths
1572:1894 births
1078:The Peerage
963:. Penguin.
895:29 November
824:The Sleeper
792:(c. 1940s?)
438:During the
81:Nationality
48:6 June 1894
1566:Categories
1083:25 October
838:References
743:Last works
636:, Florence
557:submissive
552:beau-monde
526:President
504:Lorna Sage
205:Early life
73:Occupation
864:Citations
798:(c. 1947)
512:copyright
413:Armistice
309:Challenge
253:favourite
173:'s novel
143:Relatives
1387:(2011).
1366:28 March
1339:28 March
1311:geni.com
1281:(1975).
1141:(2001).
987:(1955).
669:Writings
606:on her.
575:, where
573:Florence
265:tea-time
197:(1982).
66:Florence
724:Memoirs
357:in 1916
301:Orlando
245:a house
129:Parents
115:Partner
109:
101:
97:
84:English
68:, Italy
1505:
1491:
1476:
1462:
1448:
1433:
1417:
1399:
1289:
1252:
1223:
1153:
1121:
1030:
995:
967:
928:
832:(n.d.)
826:(n.d.)
810:(n.d.)
804:(n.d.)
781:(n.d.)
770:(n.d.)
751:(1960)
738:(1952)
732:(1941)
719:(1950)
713:(1940)
707:(1937)
701:(1935)
695:(1933)
693:Tandem
689:(1931)
683:(1929)
675:Novels
536:Singer
500:Virago
434:Career
417:Amiens
238:Whitby
163:Keppel
89:Spouse
924:–22.
481:, in
103:(
99:
64:near
1503:ISBN
1489:ISBN
1474:ISBN
1460:ISBN
1446:ISBN
1431:ISBN
1415:ISBN
1397:ISBN
1368:2012
1341:2012
1319:2012
1287:ISBN
1250:ISBN
1221:ISBN
1151:ISBN
1147:Gale
1119:ISBN
1085:2014
1028:ISBN
993:ISBN
965:ISBN
926:ISBN
897:2007
687:Écho
506:and
315:, a
55:Died
43:Born
886:doi
485:'s
475:'s
375:'s
343:'s
333:'s
247:in
193:'s
183:'s
160:née
1568::
1472:.
1429:.
1425:.
1309:.
1165:^
1076:.
1042:^
1008:^
943:^
934:.
922:21
916:.
880:.
665:.
454:.
419:.
387:.
347:.
294:.
282:.
240:.
105:m.
1480:.
1405:.
1370:.
1343:.
1321:.
1295:.
1258:.
1229:.
1159:.
1127:.
1087:.
1036:.
1001:.
899:.
888::
648:(
158:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
